13 Electric Motors 101

GATE EE
2008
Q.1 - Q.20 carry one mark each.
MCQ 1.1 The number of chords in the graph of the given circuit will be
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 5 (D) 6
SOL 1.1 No. of chords is given as
l = b−n+1
b " no. of branches
n " no. of nodes
l " no. of chords
b = 6, n = 4
l = 6 − 4 + 1= 3
Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.2 The Thevenin’s equivalent of a circuit operation at ω = 5 rads/s, has
Voc = 3.71+ − 15.9% V and Z0 = 2.38 − j0.667 Ω . At this frequency, the minimal
realization of the Thevenin’s impedance will have a
(A) resistor and a capacitor and an inductor
(B) resistor and a capacitor
(C) resistor and an inductor
(D) capacitor and an inductor
SOL 1.2 Hence (A) is correct option.
Impedance Zo = 2.38 − j0.667 Ω
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Constant term in impedance indicates that there is a resistance in the circuit.

Assume that only a resistance and capacitor are in the circuit, phase difference in
thevenin voltage is given as
θ =− tan− 1 (ωCR) (Due to capacitor)
j
Zo = R −
ωC
So, 1 = 0.667
ωC
and R = 2.38 Ω
θ =− tan− 1 b 1 # 2.38 l
0.667
=− 74.34c =−
[ 15.9c
given Voc = 3.71+ − 15.9c
So, there is an inductor also connected in the circuit
MCQ 1.3 A signal e - αt sin (ωt) is the input to a real Linear Time Invariant system. Given K
and φ are constants, the output of the system will be of the form Ke - βt sin (vt + φ)
where
(A) β need not be equal to α but v equal to ω
(B) v need not be equal to ω but β equal to α
(C) β equal to α and v equal to ω
(D) β need not be equal to α and v need not be equal to ω
SOL 1.3 Hence (D) is correct option.
L
Let x (t) X (s)
L
y (t) Y (s)
L
h (t) H (s)
So output of the system is given as

Y (s) = X (s) H (s)
L
Now for input x (t − τ) e - sτ X (s) (shifting property)
L
h (t − τ) e− sτ H (s)
So now output is Y' (s) = e - sτ X (s) $ e - τs H (s)
Y' (s) = e - 2sτ X (s) H (s)
Y' (s) = e - 2sτ Y (s)
Or y' (t) = y (t − 2τ)
MCQ 1.4 X is a uniformly distributed random variable that takes values between 0 and 1.
The value of E {X3} will be
(A) 0 (B) 1/8
(C) 1/4 (D) 1/2

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SOL 1.4 X is uniformly distributed between 0 and 1

So probability density function
1, 0 < x < 1
fX (X) = )
0, otherwise
So,
1
E {X3} = # X3 fX (X) dx
0
1
= #0 X3 (1) dx
4 1
= :X D
4 0
=1
4
Hence (C) is correct option
MCQ 1.5 The characteristic equation of a (3 # 3 ) matrix P is defined as
a (λ) = λI − P = λ3 + λ2 + 2λ + 1 = 0
If I denotes identity matrix, then the inverse of matrix P will be
(A) (P2 + P + 2I) (B) (P2 + P + I)
(C) − (P2 + P + I) (D) − (P2 + P + 2I)
SOL 1.5 According to CAYLEY-HAMILTON Theorem every non-singular square matrix
satisfies its own characteristic equation.
Characteristic equation
a (λ) = λI − P = λ3 + λ2 + 2λ + 1 = 0
Matrix P satisfies above equation
P 3 + P 2 + 2P + I = 0
I =− (P3 + P2 + 2P)
Multiply both sides by P− 1

P− 1 =− (P2 + P + 2I)
Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.6 If the rank of a (5 # 6) matrix Q is 4, then which one of the following statement is
correct ?
(A) Q will have four linearly independent rows and four linearly independent
columns
(B) Q will have four linearly independent rows and five linearly independent
columns
T
(C) QQ will be invertible
(D) QT Q will be invertible
SOL 1.6 Rank of a matrix is no. of linearly independent rows and columns of the matrix.
Here Rank ρ (Q) = 4

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So Q will have 4 linearly independent rows and flour independent columns.

Hence (A) is correct option
MCQ 1.7 A function y (t) satisfies the following differential equation :
dy (t)
+ y (t) = δ (t)
dt
where δ (t) is the delta function. Assuming zero initial condition, and denoting the
unit step function by u (t), y (t) can be of the form
(A) et (B) e - t
(C) et u (t) (D) e - t u (t)
SOL 1.7 Given differential equation for the function
dy (t)
+ y (t) = δ (t)
dt
Taking Laplace on both the sides we have,
sY (s) + Y (s) = 1
(s + 1) Y (s) = 1
Y (s) = 1
s+1
Taking inverse Laplace of Y (s)
y (t) = e− t u (t), t > 0
MCQ 1.8 The equivalent circuits of a diode, during forward biased and reverse biased
conditions, are shown in the figure.
(I)
(II)
If such a diode is used in clipper circuit of figure given above, the output voltage
V0 of the circuit will be

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SOL 1.8 Assume the diode is in reverse bias so equivalent circuit is
Output voltage V0 = 10 sin ωt # 10 = 5 sin ωt

10 + 10
Due to resistor divider, voltage across diode VD < 0 (always). So it in reverse bias
for given input.
Output, V0 = 5 sin ωt
MCQ 1.9 Two 8-bit ADCs, one of single slope integrating type and other of successive
approximate type, take TA and TB times to convert 5 V analog input signal to
equivalent digital output. If the input analog signal is reduced to 2.5 V, the
approximate time taken by the two ADCs will respectively, be
(A) TA, TB (B) TA /2, TB
(C) TA, TB /2 (D) TA /2, TB /2
SOL 1.9 Conversion time does not depend on input voltage so it remains same for both type
of ADCs.

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MCQ 1.10 An input device is interfaced with Intel 8085A microprocessor as memory mapped
I/O. The address of the device is 2500H. In order to input data from the device to
accumulator, the sequence of instructions will be
(A) LXI H, 2500H (B) LXI H, 2500H
MOV A, M MOV M, A
(C) LHLD 2500H (D) LHLD 2500H
MOV A, M MOV M, A
SOL 1.10 Hence ( ) is Correct Option
MCQ 1.11 Distributed winding and short chording employed in AC machines will result in
(A) increase in emf and reduction in harmonics
(B) reduction in emf and increase in harmonics
(C) increase in both emf and harmonics
(D) reduction in both emf and harmonics
SOL 1.11 Distributed winding and short chording employed in AC machine will result in
reduction of emf and harmonics.
MCQ 1.12 Three single-phase transformer are connected to form a 3-phase transformer bank.
The transformers are connected in the following manner :
The transformer connecting will be represented by

(A) Y d0 (B) Y d1
(C) Y d6 (D) Y d11
SOL 1.12 Transformer connection will be represented by Y d1.
Hence (B) is correct option.
MCQ 1.13 In a stepper motor, the detent torque means
(A) minimum of the static torque with the phase winding excited
(B) maximum of the static torque with the phase winding excited
(C) minimum of the static torque with the phase winding unexcited
(D) maximum of the static torque with the phase winding unexcited
SOL 1.13 Detent torque/Restraining toque:
The residual magnetism in the permanent magnetic material produced.

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The detent torque is defined as the maximum load torque that can be applied to
the shaft of an unexcited motor without causing continuous rotation. In case the
motor is unexcited.
MCQ 1.14 A two machine power system is shown below. The Transmission line XY has positive
sequence impedance of Z1 Ω and zero sequence impedance of Z0 Ω
An ‘a’ phase to ground fault with zero fault impedance occurs at the centre of the
transmission line. Bus voltage at X and line current from X to F for the phase ‘a’,
are given by Va Volts and Ia amperes, respectively. Then, the impedance measured
by the ground distance relay located at the terminal X of line XY will be given by
(A) ^Z1 /2h Ω (B) ^Z0 /2h Ω
(C) (Z0 + Z1) /2 Ω (D) ^Va /Ia h Ω
SOL 1.14 Given for X to F section of phase ‘a’
Va -Phase voltage and Ia -phase current.
Impedance measured by ground distance,
Bus voltage
Relay at X =
Current from phase 'a'
= Va Ω
Ia
MCQ 1.15 An extra high voltage transmission line of length 300 km can be approximate by
a lossless line having propagation constant β = 0.00127 radians per km. Then the
percentage ratio of line length to wavelength will be given by
(A) 24.24 % (B) 12.12 %
(C) 19.05 % (D) 6.06 %
SOL 1.15 For EHV line given data is
Length of line = 300 km and β = 0.00127 S rad/km
wavelength λ = 2π = 2π = 4947.39 km
β 0.00127
So l % = 300 100 = 0.06063 # 100
λ 4947.39 #
l % = 6.063
λ
MCQ 1.16 A-3-phase transmission line is shown in figure :

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Voltage drop across the transmission line is given by the following equation :
R V R VR V
S3 Va W S Zs Zm Zm WSIa W
S 3 Vb W = SZm Zs Zm WSIb W
SS 3 V WW SSZ Z Z WWSSI WW
c m m s c
T X T XT X
Shunt capacitance of the line can be neglect. If the has positive sequence impedance
of 15 Ω and zero sequence impedance of 48 Ω, then the values of Zs and Zm will be
(A) Zs = 31.5 Ω; Zm = 16.5 Ω
(B) Zs = 26 Ω; Zm = 11 Ω
(C) Zs = 16.5 Ω; Zm = 31.5 Ω
(D) Zs = 11 Ω; Zm = 26 Ω
SOL 1.16 For three phase transmission line by solving the given equation
RΔV V R(X − X ) 0 0 VRI V
S aW S s m WS aW
We get, SΔVbW = S 0 (Xs − Xm) 0 WSIbW
SSΔV WW SS 0 0 (Xs + 2Xm)WWSSIcWW
c
T X T XT X
Zero sequence Impedance = Xs + 2Xm = 48 ...(1)
and Positive Sequence Impedance = Negative Sequence Impedance
= (Xs − Xm)
= 15 ...(2)
By solving equation (1) and (2)
Zs or Xs = 26 and Zm or Xm = 11
MCQ 1.17 In the single phase voltage controller circuit shown in the figure, for what range of
triggering angle (α), the input voltage (V0) is not controllable ?
(A) 0c < α < 45c (B) 45c < α < 135c

(C) 90c < α < 180c (D) 135c < α < 180c

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R + jXL = 50 + 50j
` tan φ = ωL = 50 = 1
R 50
φ = 45c
so, firing angle ‘α’ must be higher the 45c, Thus for 0 < α < 45c, V0 is uncontrollable.
MCQ 1.18 A 3-phase voltage source inverter is operated in 180c conduction mode. Which one
of the following statements is true ?
(A) Both pole-voltage and line-voltage will have 3rd harmonic components
(B) Pole-voltage will have 3rd harmonic component but line-voltage will be free
from 3rd harmonic
(C) Line-voltage will have 3rd harmonic component but pole-voltage will be free
from 3rd harmonic
(D) Both pole-voltage and line-voltage will be free from 3rd harmonic components
SOL 1.18 A 3-φ voltage source inverter is operated in 180c mode in that case third harmonics
are absent in pole voltage and line voltage due to the factor cos (nπ/6). so both are
free from 3rd harmonic components.
MCQ 1.19 The impulse response of a causal linear time-invariant system is given as h (t). Now
consider the following two statements :
Statement (I): Principle of superposition holds
Statement (II): h (t) = 0 for t < 0
Which one of the following statements is correct ?
(A) Statements (I) is correct and statement (II) is wrong
(B) Statements (II) is correct and statement (I) is wrong
(C) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are wrong
(D) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
SOL 1.19 Since the given system is LTI, So principal of Superposition holds due to linearity.
For causal system h (t) = 0 , t < 0
Both statement are correct.
MCQ 1.20 It is desired to measure parameters of 230 V/115 V, 2 kVA,

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single-phase transformer. The following wattmeters are available in a laboratory:

W1 : 250 V, 10 A, Low Power Factor
W3 : 150 V, 10 A, High Power Factor
The Wattmeters used in open circuit test and short circuit test of the transformer
will respectively be
(A) W1 and W2 (B) W2 and W4
(C) W1 and W4 (D) W2 and W3
SOL 1.20 Given: 1-φ transformer, 230 V/115 V, 2 kVA
In one circuit test the wattmeter W2 is used and in short circuit test of transformer
W3 is used.
Q.21 to Q.75 carry two marks each.
MCQ 1.21 The time constant for the given circuit will be
(A) 1/9 s (B) 1/4 s

(C) 4 s (D) 9 s
SOL 1.21 Time constant of the circuit can be calculated by simplifying the circuit as follows

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Ceq = 2 F
3
Equivalent Resistance
Req = 3 + 3 = 6 Ω
Time constant τ = Req Ceq
= 6 # 2 = 4 sec
3
MCQ 1.22 The resonant frequency for the given circuit will be
(A) 1 rad/s (B) 2 rad/s

(C) 3 rad/s (D) 4 rad/s
SOL 1.22 Impedance of the circuit is
1
R
jωC
Z = jω L + 1
+R
j ωC
R 1 − jωCR
= jω L +
1 + jωCR # 1 − jωCR
R (1 − jωCR)
= jω L +
1 + ω2 C2 R2
jωL (1 + ω2 C2 R2) + R − jωCR2
=
1 + ω2 C2 R2
R j [ωL (1 + ω2 C2 R2) − ωCR2]
= +
1 + ω2 C2 R2 1 + ω2 C2 R2
For resonance Im (Z) = 0
So, ωL (1 + ω2 C2 R2) = ωCR2

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L = 0.1 H, C = 1 F, R = 1 Ω
So, ω # 0.1 [1 + ω2 (1) (1)] = ω (1) (1) 2
1 + ω2 = 10
& ω = 9 = 3 rad/sec
Hence (C) is correct option.
MCQ 1.23 Assuming ideal elements in the circuit shown below, the voltage Vab will be
(A) − 3 V (B) 0 V
(C) 3 V (D) 5 V
SOL 1.23 By applying KVL in the circuit
Vab − 2i + 5 = 0
i = 1 A,
Vab = 2 # 1 − 5 =− 3 Volt
MCQ 1.24 A capacitor consists of two metal plates each 500 # 500 mm2 and spaced 6 mm
apart. The space between the metal plates is filled with a glass plate of 4 mm
thickness and a layer of paper of 2 mm thickness. The relative primitivities of
the glass and paper are 8 and 2 respectively. Neglecting the fringing effect, the
capacitance will be (Given that ε0 = 8.85 # 10 - 12 F/m )
(A) 983.3 pF (B) 1475 pF
(C) 637.7 pF (D) 9956.25 pF
SOL 1.24 Here two capacitance C1 and C2 are connected in series, so equivalent capacitance is
Ceq = C1 C2
C1 + C 2
C1 = ε0 εr1 A
d1
− 12 −6
= 8.85 # 10 # 8 # 500 # 500 # 10
4 # 10− 3
= 442.5 # 10− 11 F

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C2 = ε0 εr2 A
d2
− 12 −6
= 8.85 # 10 # 2 # 500 −3
# 500 # 10
2 # 10
= 221.25 # 10− 11 F
− 11 − 11
Ceq = 442.5 # 10 − 11 # 221.25 # 10− 11
442.5 # 10 + 221.25 # 10
= 147.6 # 10− 11
- 1476 pF
MCQ 1.25 A coil of 300 turns is wound on a non-magnetic core having a mean circumference
of 300 mm and a cross-sectional area of 300 mm2. The inductance of the coil
corresponding to a magnetizing current of 3 A will be
(Given that μ0 = 4π # 10 - 7 H/m)
(A) 37.68 μH (B) 113.04 μH
(C) 3.768 μH (D) 1.1304 μH
SOL 1.25 Hence (B) is correct option.
Circumference l = 300 mm
no. of turns n = 300
Cross sectional area A = 300 mm2
μ n2 A
Inductance of coil L = 0
l
4π # 10− 7 # (300) 2 # 300 # 10− 6
=
(300 # 10− 3)
= 113.04 μH
MCQ 1.26 In the circuit shown in the figure, the value of the current i will be given by
(A) 0.31 A (B) 1.25 A

(C) 1.75 A (D) 2.5 A
SOL 1.26 By writing node equations at node A and B
Va − 5 + Va − 0 = 0
1 1
2Va − 5 = 0

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& Va = 2.5 V
Similarly
Vb − 4Vab ++Vb − 0 = 0
3 1
Vb − 4 (Va − Vb)
+ Vb = 0
3
Vb − 4 (2.5 − Vb) + 3Vb = 0
8Vb − 10 = 0
& Vb = 1.25 V
Current i = Vb = 1.25 A
1
MCQ 1.27 Two point charges Q1 = 10 μC and Q2 = 20 mC are placed at coordinates (1,1,0)
and (− 1, − 1, 0) respectively. The total electric flux passing through a plane z = 20
will be
(A) 7.5 μC (B) 13.5 μC
(C) 15.0 μC (D) 22.5 μC
MCQ 1.28 Given a sequence x [n], to generate the sequence y [n] = x [3 − 4n], which one of the
following procedures would be correct ?
(A) First delay x (n) by 3 samples to generate z1 [n], then pick every 4th sample of
z1 [n] to generate z2 [n], and than finally time reverse z2 [n] to obtain y [n].
(B) First advance x [n] by 3 samples to generate z1 [n], then pick every 4th sample of
z1 [n] to generate z2 [n], and then finally time reverse z2 [n] to obtain y [n]
(C) First pick every fourth sample of x [n] to generate v1 [n], time-reverse v1 [n] to
obtain v2 [n], and finally advance v2 [n] by 3 samples to obtain y [n]
(D) First pick every fourth sample of x [n] to generate v1 [n], time-reverse v1 [n] to
obtain v2 [n], and finally delay v2 [n] by 3 samples to obtain y [n]
SOL 1.28 In option (A)
z1 [n] = x [n − 3]
z2 [n] = z1 [4n] = x [4n − 3]
y [n] = z2 [− n] = x [− 4n − 3] =
Y x [3 − 4n]
In option (B)
z1 [n] = x [n + 3]
z2 [n] = z1 [4n] = x [4n + 3]
y [n] = z2 [− n] = x [− 4n + 3]
In option (C)
v1 [n] = x [4n]
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v2 [n] = v1 [− n] = x [− 4n]
y [n] = v2 [n + 3] = x [− 4 (n + 3)] =
Y x [3 − 4n]
In option (D)
v1 [n] = x [4n]
v2 [n] = v1 [− n] = x [− 4n]
y [n] = v2 [n − 3] = x [− 4 (n − 3)] =
Y x [3 − 4n]
MCQ 1.29 A system with x (t) and output y (t) is defined by the input-output relation :
#
- 2t
y (t) = x (t) dτ
-3
The system will be
(A) Casual, time-invariant and unstable
(B) Casual, time-invariant and stable
(C) non-casual, time-invariant and unstable
(D) non-casual, time-variant and unstable
SOL 1.29 Input-output relation
#- 3x (τ) dτ
- 2t
y (t) =
Causality :
Since y (t) depends on x (− 2t), So it is non-causal.
Time-variance :
#- 3x (τ − τ0) dτ =Y y (t − τ0)
- 2t
y (t) =
So this is time-variant.
Stability :
Output y (t) is unbounded for an bounded input.
For example
Let x (τ) = e - τ (bounded)
- τ - 2t
y (t) = e - τ dτ = 8 e B $ Unbounded
#
- 2t
-3 − 1 -3
A signal x (t) = sinc (αt) where α is a real constant ^sinc (x) = πx h is the input
sin (πx)
MCQ 1.30
to a Linear Time Invariant system whose impulse response h (t) = sinc (βt), where
β is a real constant. If min (α, β) denotes the minimum of α and β and similarly,
max (α, β) denotes the maximum of α and β, and K is a constant, which one of the
following statements is true about the output of the system ?
(A) It will be of the form Ksinc (γt) where γ = min (α, β)
(B) It will be of the form Ksinc (γt) where γ = max (α, β)
(C) It will be of the form Ksinc (αt)
(D) It can not be a sinc type of signal
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SOL 1.30 Output y (t) of the given system is

y (t) = x (t) ) h (t)
Or Y (jω) = X (jω) H (jω)
given that
x (t) = sinc (αt)
h (t) = sinc (βt)
Fourier transform of x (t) and h (t) are
X (jω) = F [x (t)] = π rect` ω j, − α < ω < α
α 2α
H (jω) = F [h (t)] = π rect` ω j, − β < ω < β
β 2β
Y (jω) = π rect` ω j rect` ω j
2
αβ 2α 2β
So, Y (jω) = K rect ` ω j

2γ
Where γ = min (α, β)
And y (t) = K sinc (γt)
MCQ 1.31 Let x (t) be a periodic signal with time period T , Let y (t) = x (t − t0) + x (t + t0) for
some t0 . The Fourier Series coefficients of y (t) are denoted by bk . If bk = 0 for all
odd k , then t0 can be equal to
(A) T/8 (B) T/4
(C) T/2 (D) 2T
SOL 1.31 Let ak is the Fourier series coefficient of signal x (t)
Given y (t) = x (t − t0) + x (t + t0)
Fourier series coefficient of y (t)
bk = e - jkωt ak + e jkωt ak
0 0
bk = 2ak cos kωt0

bk = 0 (for all odd k )
kωt0 = π , k " odd
2
k 2π t0 = π
T 2

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For k = 1, t0 = T
4
MCQ 1.32 H (z) is a transfer function of a real system. When a signal x [n] = (1 + j) n is the
input to such a system, the output is zero. Further, the Region of convergence
(ROC) of ^1 − 12 z - 1h H(z) is the entire Z-plane (except z = 0 ). It can then be
inferred that H (z) can have a minimum of
(A) one pole and one zero (B) one pole and two zeros
(C) two poles and one zero (D) two poles and two zeros
SOL 1.32 Hence ( ) is correct option.
MCQ 1.33 Given X (z) = z with z > a , the residue of X (z) zn - 1 at z = a

(z − a) 2
for n $ 0 will be
(A) an - 1 (B) an
(C) nan (D) nan - 1
Given that X (z) = z , z >a
(z − a) 2
Residue of X (z) zn - 1 at z = a is
= d (z − a) 2 X (z) zn - 1 z = a
dz
= d (z − a) 2 z zn - 1
dz (z − a) 2 z=a
= d z n
dz z = a
= nzn - 1 z = a = nan - 1
MCQ 1.34 Consider function f (x) = (x2 − 4) 2 where x is a real number. Then the function has
(A) only one minimum (B) only tow minima
(C) three minima (D) three maxima
SOL 1.34 Given function
f (x) = (x2 − 4) 2
f' (x) = 2 (x2 − 4) 2x
To obtain minima and maxima
f' (x) = 0
4x (x − 4) = 0
2
x = 0, x2 − 4 = 0 & x = ! 2
So, x = 0, + 2, − 2
f'' (x) = 4x (2x) + 4 (x2 − 4)
= 12x2 − 16

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For x = 0, f'' (0) = 12 (0) 2 − 16 =− 16 < 0 (Maxima)

x =+ 2, f'' (2) = 12 (2) 2 − 16 = 32 > 0 (Minima)
x =− 2, f'' (− 2) = 12 (− 2) 2 − 16 = 32 > 0 (Minima)
So f (x) has only two minima
MCQ 1.35 Equation ex − 1 = 0 is required to be solved using Newton’s method with an initial
guess x0 =− 1. Then, after one step of Newton’s method, estimate x1 of the solution
will be given by
(A) 0.71828 (B) 0.36784
(C) 0.20587 (D) 0.00000
SOL 1.35 An iterative sequence in Newton-Raphson method can obtain by following expression
f (xn)
xn + 1 = xn −
f' (xn)
We have to calculate x1 , so n = 0
f (x 0)
x1 = x 0 − , Given x 0 =− 1
f' (x 0)
f (x 0) = ex − 1 = e− 1 − 1
0
=− 0.63212
f' (x 0) = ex = e− 1
0
= 0.36787
(− 0.63212)
So, x1 =− 1 −
(0.36787)
=− 1 + 1.71832
= 0.71832
MCQ 1.36 A is m # n full rank matrix with m > n and I is identity matrix. Let matrix
A' = (AT A) - 1 AT , Then, which one of the following statement is FALSE ?
(A) AA'A = A (B) (AA') 2
(C) A'A = I (D) AA'A = A'
SOL 1.36 Hence (D) is correct option
A' = (AT A) − 1 AT
= A− 1 (AT ) − 1 AT
= A− 1 I
Put A' = A− 1 I in all option.
option (A) AA'A = A

AA− 1 A = A

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A = A (true)
option (B) (AA') 2 = I

(AA− 1 I) 2 = I
(I) 2 = I (true)
option (C) A'A = I

−1
A IA = I
I = I (true)
option (D) AA'A = A'

AA− 1 IA = A =
Y A' (false)
MCQ 1.37 A differential equation dx/dt = e - 2t u (t), has to be solved using trapezoidal rule of
integration with a step size h = 0.01 s. Function u (t) indicates a unit step function.
If x (0 -) = 0 , then value of x at t = 0.01 s will be given by
(A) 0.00099 (B) 0.00495
(C) 0.0099 (D) 0.0198
SOL 1.37 Hence (C) is correct option
dx = e− 2t u (t)
dt
x = # e− 2t u (t) dt
1
x = # e− 2t dt
0
1
x = # f (t) dt ,
0
t = .01 s
From trapezoid rule

t + nh
# f (t) dt = h 6f (0) + f (.01)@
0
t0 2
2 6
#0 f (t) dt = .01 e0 + e− .02@, h = .01
1
= .0099
MCQ 1.38 Let P be a 2 # 2 real orthogonal matrix and x is a real vector [x1, x2] T with length
x = (x12 + x22) 1/2 . Then, which one of the following statements is correct ?
(A) Px # x where at least one vector satisfies Px < x
(B) Px # x for all vector x
(C) Px $ x where at least one vector satisfies Px > x
(D) No relationship can be established between x and Px
SOL 1.38 P is an orthogonal matrix So PPT = I

PUBLISHING FOR GATE
cos θ − sin θ
Let assume P = >
sin θ cos θ H
cos θ − sin θ
PX = >
sin θ cos θ H8 1 2B
x x T
cos θ − sin θ x1
=>
sin θ cos θ H>x2H
x1 cos θ − x2 sin θ
=>
x1 sin θ + x2 cos θH
PX = (x1 cos θ − x2 sin θ) 2 + (x1 sin θ + x2 cos θ) 2

= x 12 + x 22
PX = X
MCQ 1.39 Let x (t) = rect^t − 12 h (where rect (x) = 1 for − 12 # x # 12 and zero otherwise. If
sin (πx)
sinc (x) = πx , then the Fourier Transform of x (t) + x (− t) will be given by
(A) sinc` ω j (B) 2 sinc` ω j
2π 2π
(C) 2 sinc` ω j cos ` ω j (D) sinc` ω j sin ` ω j

2π 2 2π 2
SOL 1.39 Given signal
x (t) = rect `t − 1 j
2
1, − 1 # t − 1 # 1 or 0 # t # 1
So, x (t) = * 2 2 2
0, elsewhere
Similarly
x (− t) = rect`− t − 1 j
2
1, − 1 # − t − 1 # 1 or − 1 # t # 0
x (− t) = * 2 2 2
0, elsewhere
#- 3 x (t) e- jωt dt + #- 3 x (− t) e- jωt dt

3 3
F [x (t) + x (− t)] =
#0 (1) e- jωt dt + #- 1 (1) e- jωt dt

1 0
=
- jω t 1 - jω t 0
= ; e E +; e E
− jω 0 − jω - 1
= 1 (1 − e - jω) + 1 (e jω − 1)
jω jω

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- j ω /2 j ω /2
=e (e jω/2 − e - jω/2) + e (e jω/2 − e - jω/2)
jω jω
(e jω/2 − e - jω/2) (e - jω/2 + e jω/2)

=
jω
= 2 sin ` ω j $ 2 cos ` ω j
ω 2 2
= 2 cos ω sinc` ω j
2 2π
MCQ 1.40 Two perfectly matched silicon transistor are connected as shown in the figure
assuming the β of the transistors to be very high and the forward voltage drop in
diodes to be 0.7 V, the value of current I is
(A) 0 mA (B) 3.6 mA

(C) 4.3 mA (D) 5.7 mA
SOL 1.40 Hence (C) is correct option.
This is a current mirror circuit. Since β is high so IC1 = IC2, IB1 = IB2
VB = (− 5 + 0.7)
=− 4.3 volt
Diode D1 is forward biased.
So, current I is,
I = IC2 = IC1
0 − (− 4.3)
= = 4.3 mA
1
MCQ 1.41 In the voltage doubler circuit shown in the figure, the switch ‘S ’ is closed at t = 0

PUBLISHING FOR GATE
. Assuming diodes D1 and D2 to be ideal, load resistance to be infinite and initial

capacitor voltages to be zero. The steady state voltage across capacitor C1 and C2
will be
(A) Vc1 = 10 V,Vc2 = 5 V (B) Vc1 = 10 V,Vc2 =− 5 V

(C) Vc1 = 5 V,Vc2 = 10 V (D) Vc1 = 5 V,Vc2 =− 10 V
SOL 1.41 In positive half cycle of input, diode D1 is in forward bias and D2 is off, the
equivalent circuit is
Capacitor C1 will charge upto + 5 volt. VC1 =+ 5 volt

In negative halt cycle diode D1 is off and D2 is on.
Now capacitor VC2 will charge upto − 10 volt in opposite direction.

Hence (D) is correct option
MCQ 1.42 The block diagrams of two of half wave rectifiers are shown in the figure. The
transfer characteristics of the rectifiers are also shown within the block.
It is desired to make full wave rectifier using above two half-wave rectifiers. The
resultants circuit will be

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SOL 1.42 Let input Vin is a sine wave shown below
According to given transfer characteristics of rectifiers output of rectifier P is.

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Similarly output of rectifier Q is
Output of a full wave rectifier is given as
To get output V0
V0 = K (− VP + VQ) K − gain of op-amp
So, P should connected at inverting terminal of op-amp and Q with non-inverting
terminal
Hence (D) is correct Option
MCQ 1.43 A 3-line to 8-line decoder, with active low outputs, is used to implement a 3-variable
Boolean function as shown in the figure
The simplified form of Boolean function F (A, B, C) implemented in ‘Product of

Sum’ form will be
(A) (X + Z) (X + Y + Z ) (Y + Z)
(B) (X + Z ) (X + Y + Z) (Y + Z )
(C) (X + Y + Z) (X + Y + Z) (X + Y + Z) (X + Y + Z )
(D) (X + Y + Z) (X + Y + Z ) (X + Y + Z) (X + Y + Z )

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SOL 1.43 In SOP form, F is written as

F = Σm (1, 3, 5, 6)
= X Y Z + X YZ + XY Z + XYZ
Solving from K- map
F = X Z + Y Z + XYZ
In POS form
F = (Y + Z) (X + Z) (X + Y + Z )
since all outputs are active low so each input in above expression is complemented
F = (Y + Z ) (X + Z ) (X + Y + Z)
MCQ 1.44 The truth table of monoshot shown in the figure is given in the table below :
Two monoshots, one positive edge triggered and other negative edge triggered, are
connected shown in the figure, The pulse widths of the two monoshot outputs Q1
and Q2 are TON and TON respectively.
1 2
The frequency and the duty cycle of the signal at Q1 will respectively be
(A) f = 1 , D= 1
TON + TON
1
5
2
1 TON
(B) f = , D= 2
TON
1
+ TON2
TON + TON 1 2
TON
(C) f = 1 , D = 1
TON TON + TON

1 1 2

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TON
(D) f = 1 , D = 1
TON 2
TON + TON 1 2
SOL 1.44 In this case

f = 1
TON1 + TON 2
TON 2
and, D =
TON1 + TON 2
MCQ 1.45 The content of some of the memory location in an 8085 accumulator based system
are given below
Address Content
g g
26FE 00
26FF 01
2700 02
2701 03
2702 04
g g
The content of stack (SP), program counter (PC) and (H,L) are 2700 H, 2100 H
and 0000 H respectively. When the following sequence of instruction are executed.
2100 H: DAD SP
2101 H: PCHL
the content of (SP) and (PC) at the end of execution will be
(A) PC = 2102 H, SP = 2700 H (B) PC = 2700 H, SP = 2700 H
(C) PC = 2800 H, SP = 26FE H (D) PC = 2A02 H, SP = 2702 H
SOL 1.45 Given that
SP = 2700 H
PC = 2100 H
HL = 0000 H
Executing given instruction set in following steps,
DAD SP &Add register pair (SP) to HL register
HL = HL + SP
HL = 0000 H + 2700 H
HL = 2700 H
PCHL & Load program counter with HL contents
PC = HL = 2700 H
So after execution contents are,
PC = 2700 H, HL = 2700 H

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MCQ 1.46 A waveform generator circuit using OPAMPs is shown in the figure. It produces a
triangular wave at point ‘P’ with a peak to peak voltage of 5 V for Vi = 0 V .
If the voltage Vi is made + 2.5 V, the voltage waveform at point ‘P’ will become
SOL 1.46 Hence ( ) is correct option.

MCQ 1.47 A 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, single-phase induction motor is rotating in the clockwise
(forward) direction at a speed of 1425 rpm. If the rotor resistance at standstill is
7.8 Ω, then the effective rotor resistance in the backward branch of the equivalent
circuit will be
(A) 2 Ω (B) 4 Ω
(C) 78 Ω (D) 156 Ω
SOL 1.47 Given: 230 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole, 1-φ induction motor is rotating in
clock-wise(forward) direction
Ns = 1425 rpm
Rotar resistance at stand still(R2 ) = 7.8 Ω
So

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Ns = 120 # 50 = 1500
4
Slip(S ) = 1500 − 1425 = 0.05
1500
Resistance in backward branch rb = R2
2−S
= 7.8
2 − 0.05
=4Ω
MCQ 1.48 A 400 V, 50 Hz 30 hp, three-phase induction motor is drawing
50 A current at 0.8 power factor lagging. The stator and rotor copper losses are 1.5
kW and 900 W respectively. The friction and windage losses are 1050 W and the
core losses are 1200 W. The air-gap power of the motor will be
(A) 23.06 kW (B) 24.11 kW
(C) 25.01 kW (D) 26.21 kW
SOL 1.48 Given: a 400 V, 50 Hz, 30 hp, 3-φ induction motor
Current = 50 A at 0.8 p.f. lagging
Stator and rotor copper losses are 1.5 kW and 900 W
fraction and windage losses = 1050 W
Core losses = 1200 W = 1.2 kW
So,
Input power in stator = 3 # 400 # 50 # 0.8
= 27.71 kW
Air gap power = 27.71 − 1.5 − 1.2
= 25.01 kW
MCQ 1.49 The core of a two-winding transformer is subjected to a magnetic flux variation as
indicated in the figure.
The induced emf (ers) in the secondary winding as a function of time will be of the
form

PUBLISHING FOR GATE

dφ
Induced emf in secondary =− N2
dt
During −0 < t < 1
dφ
E1 =− (100) =− 12 V
dt
E1 and E2 are in opposition
E2 = 2E1 = 24 V
During time 1 < t < 2
dφ
= 0 , then E1 = E2 = 0
dt
During 2 < t < 2.5
dφ
E1 =− (100) =− 24 V
dt
Then
E2 =− 0 − 48 V
MCQ 1.50 Voltages phasors at the two terminals of a transmission line of length 70 km have
a magnitude of 1.0 per unit but are 180 degree out of phase. Assuming that the
maximum load current in the line is 1/5th
of minimum 3-phase fault current. Which one of the following transmission line
protection schemes will not pick up for this condition ?
(A) Distance protection using ohm relay with zoen-1 set to 80% of the line
impedance.

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(B) Directional over current protection set to pick up at 1.25 times the maximum
load current
(C) Pilot relaying system with directional comparison scheme
(D) Pilot relaying system with segregated phase comparison scheme
MCQ 1.51 A loss less transmission line having Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) of 2280 MW
is provided with a uniformly distributed series capacitive compensation of 30%.
Then, SIL of the compensated transmission line will be
(A) 1835 MW (B) 2280 MW
(C) 2725 MW (D) 3257 MW
SOL 1.51 SIL has no effect of compensation
So SIL = 2280 MW
MCQ 1.52 A loss less power system has to serve a load of 250 MW. There are tow generation (
G 1 and G 2 ) in the system with cost curves C1 and C2 respectively defined as follows
;
C1 (PG1) = PG1 + 0.055 # PG1
2
C2 (PG2) = 3PG2 + 0.03 # PG2

2
Where PG1 and PG2 are the MW injections from generator G 1 and G 2 respectively.
Thus, the minimum cost dispatch will be
(A) PG1 = 250 MW; PG2 = 0 MW (B) PG1 = 150 MW; PG2 = 100 MW
(C) PG1 = 100 MW; PG2 = 150 MW (D) PG1 = 0 MW; PG2 = 250 MW
SOL 1.52 Hence (C) is correct option
Given PG1 + PG2 = 250 MW ...(1)
C1 (PG1) = PG1 + 0.055PG12
and 4 ...(2)
C2 (PG2) = 3PG2 + 0.03PG22
from equation (2)
dC1 = 1 + 0.11PG1 ...(3a)
dPG1
and dC2 = 3 + 0.06PG2 ...(3b)
dPG2
Since the system is loss-less
Therefore dC1 = dC2
dPG1 dPG2
So from equations (3a) and (3b)
We have 0.11PG1 − 0.06PG2 = 2 ...(4)
Now solving equation (1) and (4), we get
PG1 = 100 MW

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PG2 = 150 MW
MCQ 1.53 A loss less single machine infinite bus power system is shown below :
The synchronous generator transfers 1.0 per unit of power to the infinite bus. The
critical clearing time of circuit breaker is 0.28 s. If another identical synchronous
generator is connected in parallel to the existing generator and each generator is
scheduled to supply 0.5 per unit of power, then the critical clearing time of the
circuit breaker will
(A) reduce to 0.14 s (B) reduce but will be more than 0.14 s
(C) remain constant at 0.28 s (D) increase beyond 0.28 s
SOL 1.53 After connecting both the generators in parallel and scheduled to supply 0.5 Pu of
power results the increase in the current.
` Critical clearing time will reduced from 0.28 s but will not be less than 0.14 s for
transient stability purpose.
MCQ 1.54 Single line diagram of a 4-bus single source distribution system is shown below.
Branches e1, e2, e3 and e4 have equal impedances. The load current values indicated
in the figure are in per unit.
Distribution company’s policy requires radial system operation with minimum loss.
This can be achieved by opening of the branch
(A) e1 (B) e2
(C) e3 (D) e4

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SOL 1.54 Given that the each section has equal impedance.
Let it be R or Z , then by using the formula
line losses = / I2 R
On removing (e1); losses = (1) 2 R + (1 + 2) 2 R + (1 + 2 + 5) 2 R
= R + 9R + 64R = 74R
Similarly,
On removing e2 ;losses = 52 R + (5 + 2) 2 R + (5 + 2 + 1) 2 R
= 138R
lossess on removing e 3 = (1) 2 R + (2) 2 R + (5 + 2) 2 R
= 1R + 4R + 49R
= 54R
on removing e 4 lossless = (2) 2 R + (2 + 1) 2 R + 52 R
= 4R + 9R + 25R
= 38R
So, minimum losses are gained by removing e 4 branch.
Hence (D) is correct option
MCQ 1.55 A single phase fully controlled bridge converter supplies a load drawing constant
and ripple free load current, if the triggering angle is 30c, the input power factor
will be
(A) 0.65 (B) 0.78
(C) 0.85 (D) 0.866
SOL 1.55 Given α = 30c, in a 1-φ fully bridge converter
we know that,
Power factor = Distortion factor # cos α
D.f. (Distortion factor) = Is(fundamental) /Is = 0.9
power factor = 0.9 # cos 30c
= 0.78
Hence (B) is correct option
MCQ 1.56 A single-phase half controlled converter shown in the figure feeding power to highly
inductive load. The converter is operating at a firing angle of 60c.
If the firing pulses are suddenly removed, the steady state voltage (V0) waveform
of the converter will become

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SOL 1.56 Output of this
Here the inductor makes T1 and T3 in ON because current passing through T1 and

PUBLISHING FOR GATE
T3 is more than the holding current.

MCQ 1.57 A 220 V 20 A, 1000 rpm, separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance of
2.5 Ω. The motor is controlled by a step down chopper with a frequency of 1 kHz.
The input dc voltage to the chopper is 250 V. The duty cycle of the chopper for the
motor to operate at a speed of 600 rpm delivering the rated torque will be
(A) 0.518 (B) 0.608
(C) 0.852 (D) 0.902
MCQ 1.58 A 220 V, 1400 rpm, 40 A separately excited dc motor has an armature resistance of
0.4 Ω. The motor is fed from a single phase circulating current dual converter with
an input ac line voltage of 220 V (rms). The approximate firing angles of the dual
converter for motoring operating at 50% of rated torque and 1000 rpm will be
(A) 43c, 137c (B) 43c, 47c
(C) 39c, 141c (D) 39c, 51c
MCQ 1.59 A single phase source inverter is feeding a purely inductive load as shown in the
figure
The inverter is operated at 50 Hz in 180c square wave mode. Assume that the load
current does not have any dc component. The peak value of the inductor current
i0 will be
(A) 6.37 A (B) 10 A

(C) 20 A (D) 40 A
SOL 1.59 Input is given as
Here load current does not have any dc component

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`Peak current occur at (π/ω)

` Vs = L di
dt
200 = 0.1 # di
dt
Here di = a π kb 1 l = 1
2π 50 100
So di(max) = 200 # 1 # 1 = 20 A
100 0.1
MCQ 1.60 A 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, 1400 rpm, star connected squirrel cage induction motor has
the following parameters referred to the stator:
R'r = 1.0 Ω, Xs = X'r = 1.5 Ω
Neglect stator resistance and core and rotational losses of the motor. The motor is
controlled from a 3-phase voltage source inverter with constant V/f control. The
stator line-to-line voltage(rms) and frequency to obtain the maximum torque at
starting will be :
(A) 20.6 V, 2.7 Hz (B) 133.3 V, 16.7 Hz
(C) 266.6 V, 33.3 Hz (D) 323.3 V, 40.3 Hz
SOL 1.60 Given 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole, 1400 rpm star connected squirrel cage induction motor.
R = 1.00 Ω, Xs = Xlr = 1.5 Ω
So,
for max. torque slip
Sm = Rlr
Xsm + Xlrm
for starting torque Sm = 1
Then
Xsm + Xlrm = Rlr
2πfm Ls + 0.2πfm Llr = 1
Frequency at max. torque
fm = 1
2π (Ls + Llr )
Ls = Xs = 1.5
2π # 50 2π # 50
Llr = 1.5
2π # 50
fm = 1 = 50
1. 5 + 1. 5 3
50 50
fm = 16.7 Hz
In const V/f control method

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V1 = 400 = 8
f1 50
a V2 = 8
f1
So
V2 = f2 # 8
= 16.7 # 8
V2 = 133.3 V
MCQ 1.61 A single phase fully controlled converter bridge is used for electrical braking of a
separately excited dc motor. The dc motor load is represented by an equivalent
circuit as shown in the figure.
Assume that the load inductance is sufficient to ensure continuous and ripple free
load current. The firing angle of the bridge for a load current of I0 = 10 A will be
(A) 44c (B) 51c
(C) 129c (D) 136c
SOL 1.61 Here for continuous conduction mode, by Kirchoff’s voltage law, average load
current
V − 2Ia + 150 = 0
Ia = V + 150
2
` I1 = 10 A, So
V =− 130 V
2Vm cos α =− 130
π
2# 2 # 230 cos α =− 130c
π

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α = 129c
MCQ 1.62 A three phase fully controlled bridge converter is feeding a load drawing a constant
and ripple free load current of 10 A at a firing angle of 30c. The approximate Total
harmonic Distortion (%THD) and the rms value of fundamental component of
input current will respectively be
(A) 31% and 6.8 A (B) 31% and 7.8 A
(C) 66% and 6.8 A (D) 66% and 7.8 A
SOL 1.62 Hence (B) is correct option.
Total rms current Ia = 2 10 = 8.16 A
3#
Fundamental current Ia1 = 0.78 # 10 = 7.8 A
THD = 1 −1
DF2
where
DF = Ia1 = 0.78 # 10 = 0.955
Ia 0.816 # 10
b 0.955 l − 1 = 31%
` THD = 1 2
MCQ 1.63 In the circuit shown in the figure, the switch is operated at a duty cycle of 0.5. A
large capacitor is connected across the load. The inductor current is assumed to be
continuous.
The average voltage across the load and the average current through the diode will
respectively be
(A) 10 V, 2 A (B) 10 V, 8 A
(C) 40 V 2 A (D) 40 V, 8 A
SOL 1.63 Hence (C) is correct option.

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In the given diagram

when switch S is open I 0 = IL = 4 A, Vs = 20 V
when switch S is closed ID = 0, V0 = 0 V
Duty cycle = 0.5 so average voltage is Vs
1−δ
Average current = 0 + 4 = 2 amp

2
Average voltage = 20 = 40 V
1 − 0.5
MCQ 1.64 The transfer function of a linear time invariant system is given as
G (s) = 2 1
s + 3s + 2
The steady state value of the output of the system for a unit impulse input applied
at time instant t = 1 will be
(A) 0 (B) 0.5
(C) 1 (D) 2
SOL 1.64 Given transfer function
G (s) = 1
s2 + 3s + 2
Input r (t) = δ (t − 1)
R (s) = L [δ (t − 1)] = e− s
Output is given by
Y (s) = R (s) G (s)
−s
Y (s) = 2 e
s + 3s + 2
Steady state value of output
lim y (t) = lim sY (s)
t"3 s"0
= lim se− s =0
s " 0 s + 3s + 2
2

MCQ 1.65 The transfer functions of two compensators are given below :
10 (s + 1)
C1 = , C2 = s + 10
(s + 10) 10 (s + 1)
Which one of the following statements is correct ?
(A) C1 is lead compensator and C2 is a lag compensator
(B) C1 is a lag compensator and C2 is a lead compensator
(C) Both C1 and C2 are lead compensator
(D) Both C1 and C2 are lag compensator
SOL 1.65 For C1 Phase is given by

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θC = tan− 1 (ω) − tan− 1 a ω k

1
10
Jω − ω N
−1 K 10 O
θC1 = tan
KK ω2
O
1+ O
L 10 P
θC1 = tan c ω
10 + ω2 m
−1 9 > 0 (Phase lead)
Similarly for C2 , phase is

θC2 = tan− 1 a ω k − tan− 1 (ω)
10
J ω − ωN
− 1 K 10 O
= tan
KK ω2
O
1+ O
L 10 P
= tan c − ω
10 + ω2 m
−1 9 < 0 (Phase lag)

MCQ 1.66 The asymptotic Bode magnitude plot of a minimum phase transfer function is
shown in the figure :
This transfer function has

(A) Three poles and one zero (B) Two poles and one zero
(C) Two poles and two zero (D) One pole and two zeros
SOL 1.66 From the given bode plot we can analyze that:
Slope − 40 dB/decade"2 poles
Slope − 20 dB/decade (Slope changes by + 20 dB/decade)"1 Zero
Slope 0 dB/decade (Slope changes by + 20 dB/decade)"1 Zero
So there are 2 poles and 2 zeroes in the transfer function.
MCQ 1.67 Figure shows a feedback system where K > 0

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The range of K for which the system is stable will be given by

(A) 0 < K < 30 (B) 0 < K < 39
(C) 0 < K < 390 (D) K > 390
SOL 1.67 Characteristic equation for the system
1+ K =0
s (s + 3) (s + 10)
s (s + 3) (s + 10) + K = 0
s3 + 13s2 + 30s + K = 0
Applying Routh’s stability criteria

s3 1 30
s2 13 K
s1 (13 # 30) − K
13
s0 K
For stability there should be no sign change in first column
So, 390 − K > 0 & K < 390
K >0
0 < K < 90
MCQ 1.68 The transfer function of a system is given as
100
s + 20s + 100
2
The system is
(A) An over damped system (B) An under damped system
(C) A critically damped system (D) An unstable system
SOL 1.68 Given transfer function is
H (s)) = 100
s2 + 20s + 100
Characteristic equation of the system is given by
s2 + 20s + 100 = 0
ωn2 = 100 & ωn = 10 rad/sec.
2ξωn = 20
or ξ = 20 = 1
2 # 10

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(ξ = 1) so system is critically damped.

MCQ 1.69 Two sinusoidal signals p (ω1, t) = A sin ω1 t and q (ω2 t) are applied to X and Y inputs
of a dual channel CRO. The Lissajous figure displayed on the screen shown below :
The signal q (ω2 t) will be represented as
(A) q (ω2 t) = A sin ω2 t, ω2 = 2ω1 (B) q (ω2 t) = A sin ω2 t, ω2 = ω1 /2

(C) q (ω2 t) = A cos ω2 t, ω2 = 2ω1 (D) q (ω2 t) = A cos ω2 t, ω2 = ω1 /2
fY meeting points of horizontal tangents

Frequency ratio =
fX meeting points of vertical tangents
fY
=2
fX 4
fY = 1 (fX )
2
ω2 = ω1 /2
Since the Lissajous figures are ellipse, so there is a phase difference of 90c exists
between vertical and horizontal inputs.
So q (ω2 t) = A cos ω2 t, ω2 = ω1 /2
MCQ 1.70 The ac bridge shown in the figure is used to measure the impedance Z .

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If the bridge is balanced for oscillator frequency f = 2 kHz, then the impedance Z
will be
(A) (260 + j0) Ω (B) (0 + j200) Ω
(C) (260 − j200) Ω (D) (260 + j200) Ω
SOL 1.70 Impedance of different branches is given as
ZAB = 500 Ω
ZBC = 1 + 300 Ω
j # 2π # 2 # 103 # 0.398 μF
- (− 200j + 300) Ω
ZAD = j # 2π # 2 # 103 # 15.91 mH + 300 Ω
- (200j + 300) Ω
To balance the bridge

ZAB ZCD = ZAD ZBC
500Z = (200j + 300) (− 200j + 300)
500Z = 130000
Z = (260 + j0) Ω
Common Data for Questions 71, 72 and 73:

Consider a power system shown below:
Given that: Vs1 = Vs2 = 1 + j0 p.u ;

The positive sequence impedance are
Zs1 = Zs2 = 0.001 + j0.01 p.u and ZL = 0.006 + j0.06 p.u
3-phase Base MVA = 100
voltage base = 400 kV(Line to Line)
Nominal system frequency = 50 Hz.

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The reference voltage for phase ‘a’ is defined as V (t) = Vm cos (ωt).
A symmetrical three phase fault occurs at centre of the line, i.e. point ‘F’ at time ‘t 0
’. The positive sequence impedance from source S1 to point ‘F’ equals 0.004 + j0.04
p.u. The wave form corresponding to phase ‘a’ fault current from bus X reveals that
decaying d.c. offset current is negative and in magnitude at its maximum initial
value, Assume that the negative sequence impedances are equal to postive sequence
impedance and the zero sequence impedances are three times positive sequence
impedances.
MCQ 1.71 The instant (t0) of the fault will be
(A) 4.682 ms (B) 9.667 ms
(C) 14.667 ms (D) 19.667 ms
SOL 1.71 Given
V (t) = Vm cos (ωt)
For symmetrical 3 − φ fault, current after the fault
i (t) = Ae− (R/L) t + 2 Vm cos (ωt − α)
Z
At the instant of fault i.e t = t 0 , the total current i (t) = 0
` 0 = Ae− (R/L) t + 2 Vm cos (ωt 0 − α)
0
Ae− (R/L) t =− 2 Vm cos (ωt 0 − α)

0
Z
Maximum value of the dc offset current
Ae− (R/L) t =− 2 Vm cos (ωt 0 − α)
0
Z
For this to be negative max.
(ωt 0 − α) = 0
or t0 = α ...(1)
ω
and Z = 0.004 + j0.04
Z = Z +α = 0.0401995+84.29c
` α = 84.29cor 1.471 rad.
From equation (1)
t0 = 1.471 = 0.00468 sec
(2π # 50)
t 0 = 4.682 ms
MCQ 1.72 The rms value of the component of fault current (If ) will be
(A) 3.59 kA (B) 5.07 kA
(C) 7.18 kA (D) 10.15 kA

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SOL 1.72
Since the fault ‘F’ is at mid point of the system, therefore impedance seen is same
from both sides.
Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
Z1 (Positive sequence) = Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
also Z1 = Z2 = Z 0 (for 3-φ fault)
` I f (pu) = 1+0c = 1+0c

Z1 0.0201+84.29c
So magnitude If (p.u.)
= 49.8
` Fault current I f = 49.8 # 100

3 # 400
= 7.18 kA
MCQ 1.73 Instead of the three phase fault, if a single line to ground fault occurs on phase ‘a’
at point ‘F’ with zero fault impedance, then the rms of the ac component of fault
current (Ix) for phase ‘a’ will be
(A) 4.97 p.u (B) 7.0 p.u
(C) 14.93 p.u (D) 29.85 p.u
SOL 1.73 If fault is LG in phase ‘a’
Z1 = Z = 0.0201+84.29c
2
Z2 = Z1 = 0.0201+84.29c
and Z 0 = 3Z1 = 0.0603+84.29c

PUBLISHING FOR GATE
Then
Ia /3 = Ia1 = Ia2 = Ia0
` Ia1 (pu) = 1.0+0c

Z1 + Z 2 + Z 0
and Ia1 = 1. 0 = 9.95 pu
(0.0201 + 0.0201 + 0.0603)
Fault Current I f = Ia = 3Ia1 = 29.85 pu
So Fault current I f = 29.85 # 100

3 # 400
= 4.97 kA
Common Data for Questions 74 and 75:

A 3-phase, 440 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole slip ring induction motor is feed from the rotor side
through an auto-transformer and the stator is connected to a variable resistance as
shown in the figure.
The motor is coupled to a 220 V, separately excited d.c generator feeding power
to fixed resistance of 10 Ω. Two-wattmeter method is used to measure the input
power to induction motor. The variable resistance is adjusted such the motor runs
at 1410 rpm and the following readings were recorded W1 = 1800 W, W2 =− 200 W.
MCQ 1.74 The speed of rotation of stator magnetic field with respect to rotor structure will be
(A) 90 rpm in the direction of rotation
(B) 90 rpm in the opposite direction of rotation
(C) 1500 rpm in the direction of rotation
(D) 1500 rpm in the opposite direction of rotation
SOL 1.74 Given 3-φ, 440 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole slip ring motor

PUBLISHING FOR GATE
Motor is coupled to 220 V

N = 1410 rpm, W1 = 1800 W, W2 = 200 W
So,
120f
Ns =
P
= 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm
4
Relative speed = 1500 − 1410
= 90 rpm in the direction of rotation.
MCQ 1.75 Neglecting all losses of both the machines, the dc generator power output and the
current through resistance (Rex) will respectively be
(A) 96 W, 3.10 A (B) 120 W, 3.46 A
(C) 1504 W, 12.26 A (D) 1880 W, 13.71 A
SOL 1.75 Neglecting losses of both machines
Slip(S ) = Ns − N
Ns
= 1500 − 1410 = 0.06
1500
total power input to induction motor is
Pin = 1800 − 200 = 1600 W
Output power of induction motor
Pout = (1 − S) Pin
= (1 − 0.06) 1600
= 1504 W
Losses are neglected so dc generator input power = output power
= 1504 W
So,
I2 R = 1504
I = 1504 = 12.26 A
10
Linked Answer Questions: Q.76 to Q.85 carry two marks each.
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 76 and 77:

The current i (t) sketched in the figure flows through a initially uncharged 0.3 nF

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capacitor.
MCQ 1.76 The charge stored in the capacitor at t = 5 μs , will be

(A) 8 nC (B) 10 nC
(C) 13 nC (D) 16 nC
SOL 1.76 Charge stored at t = 5 μ sec
5
Q = # i (t) dt
0
=area under the curve
Q =Area OABCDO
=Area (OAD)+Area(AEB)+Area(EBCD)
= 1#2#4+1#2#3+3#2
2 2
= 4+3+6
= 13 nC

PUBLISHING FOR GATE
MCQ 1.77 The capacitor charged upto 5 ms, as per the current profile given in the figure,
is connected across an inductor of 0.6 mH. Then the value of voltage across the
capacitor after 1 μs will approximately be
(A) 18.8 V (B) 23.5 V
(C) − 23.5 V (D) − 30.6 V
SOL 1.77 Initial voltage across capacitor
Q
V0 = o = 13 nC
C 0.3 nF
= 43.33 Volt
When capacitor is connected across an inductor it will give sinusoidal esponse as
vc (t) = Vo cos ωo t
where ωo = 1
LC
= 1
0.3 # 10 # 0.6 # 10− 3
−9
= 2.35 # 106 rad/sec

at t = 1 μ sec
So, vc (t) = 43.33 cos (2.35 # 106 # 1 # 10− 6)
= 43.33 # (− 0.70)
=− 30.44 V
Statement for Linked Answer Question 78 and 79.

The state space equation of a system is described by Xo = AX + Bu,Y = CX where
X is state vector, u is input, Y is output and
0 1 0
A == G, B = = G, C = [1 0]
0 −2 1
MCQ 1.78 The transfer function G(s) of this system will be
(A) s (B) s + 1
(s + 2) s (s − 2)
(C) s (D) 1
(s − 2) s (s + 2)
SOL 1.78 State space equation of the system is given by,
Xo = AX + Bu
Y = CX
Taking Laplace transform on both sides of the equations.
sX (s) = AX (s) + BU (s)
(sI − A) X (s) = BU (s)
X (s) = (sI − A) − 1 BU (s)
` Y (s) = CX (s)

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So Y (s) = C (sI − A) − 1 BU (s)
Y (s)
T.F = = C (sI − A) − 1 B
U (s)
s 0 0 1 s −1
(sI − A) = > H − > H =>
0 s 0 −2 0 s + 2H
(sI − A) − 1 = 1 >s + 2 1H
s (s + 2) 0 s
R V
S1 1 W
s s (s + 2)W
= SS 1 W
0
S (s + 2) W
T X
Transfer function
R V R V
S1 1 W S 1 W
s s (s + 2)W 0 Ss (s + 2)W
G (s) = C [sI − A] − 1 B = 81 0BSS 1 W>1H = 81 0BS 1 W
S0 (s + 2) W S (s + 2) W
1T X T X
=
s (s + 2)
MCQ 1.79 A unity feedback is provided to the above system G (s) to make it a closed loop
system as shown in figure.
For a unit step input r (t), the steady state error in the input will be
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
SOL 1.79 Steady state error is given by,
sR (s)
ess = lim = G
s " 0 1 + G (s) H (s)
Here R (s) = L [r (t)] = 1 (Unit step input)

s
G (s) = 1
s (s + 2)
H (s) = 1 (Unity feed back)
R V
S sb 1 l W
s
So, ess = lim S W
s"0S 1 W
S1 +
s (s + 2) W
T s (s + 2) X
= lim = G
s " 0 s (s + 2) + 1

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=0
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 80 and 81.

A general filter circuit is shown in the figure :
MCQ 1.80 If R1 = R2 = RA and R3 = R4 = RB , the circuit acts as a

(A) all pass filter (B) band pass filter
(C) high pass filter (D) low pass filter
SOL 1.80 For low frequencies,
ω " 0 , so 1 " 3
ωC
Equivalent circuit is,
By applying node equation at positive and negative input terminals of op-amp.

vA − vi + vA − vo = 0
R1 R2
2vA = vi + vo ,
a R1 = R 2 = R A
Similarly,
vA − vi + vA − 0 = 0
R3 R4

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2vA = vin , a R 3 = R 4 = RB
So, vo = 0
It will stop low frequency signals.
For high frequencies,
ω " 3 , then 1 " 0
ωC
Equivalent circuit is,
Output, vo = vi
So it will pass high frequency signal.
This is a high pass filter.
MCQ 1.81 The output of the filter in Q.80 is given to the circuit in figure :
The gain v/s frequency characteristic of the output (vo) will be
SOL 1.81 In Q.80 cutoff frequency of high pass filter is given by,
ωh = 1
2πRA C
PUBLISHING FOR GATE
Here given circuit is a low pass filter with cutoff frequency,

ωL = 1 = 2
R
2π A C 2 π RAC
2
ωL = 2ωh
When both the circuits are connected together, equivalent circuit is,
So this is is Band pass filter, amplitude response is given by.
MCQ 1.82 A 240 V, dc shunt motor draws 15 A while supplying the rated load at a speed of
80 rad/s. The armature resistance is 0.5 Ω and the field winding resistance is 80 Ω.
The net voltage across the armature resistance at the time of plugging will be
(A) 6 V (B) 234 V
(C) 240 V (D) 474 V
SOL 1.82 Given: V = 240 V , dc shunt motor
I = 15 A
Rated load at a speed = 80 rad/s
Armature Resistance = 0.5 Ω
Field winding Resistance = 80 Ω
So,
E = 240 − 12 # 0.5
E = 234
Vplugging = V + E
= 240 + 234
= 474 V
MCQ 1.83 The external resistance to be added in the armature circuit to limit the armature
current to 125% of its rated value is
(A) 31.1 Ω (B) 31.9 Ω
(C) 15.1 Ω (D) 15.9 Ω]

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SOL 1.83
External Resistance to be added in the armature circuit to limit the armature
current to 125%.
So Ia = 12 # 1.25 = 474
Ra + R external
Ra + R external = 31.6
R external = 31.1 Ω

A synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus at 1.0 pu voltage and draws
0.6 pu current at unity power factor. Its synchronous reactance is 1.0 pu resistance
is negligible.
MCQ 1.84 The excitation voltage (E ) and load angle (δ) will respectively be
(A) 0.8 pu and 36.86c lag (B) 0.8 pu and 36.86c lead
(C) 1.17 pu and 30.96c lead (D) 1.17 pu and 30.96c lag
SOL 1.84 A synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus at 1.0 p.u. voltage and 0.6
p.u. current at unity power factor. Reactance is 1.0 p.u. and resistance is negligible.
So,
V = 1+0c p.u.
Ia = 0.6+0c p.u.
Zs = Ra + jXs = 0 + j1 = 1+90c p.u.
V = E+δ + Ia Zs = 1+0c − 0.6+0c # 1+90c
E+δ = 1.166+ − 30.96c p.u.
Excitation voltage = 1.17 p.u.
Load angle (δ) = 30.96c(lagging)
MCQ 1.85 Keeping the excitation voltage same, the load on the motor is increased such that
the motor current increases by 20%. The operating power factor will become
(A) 0.995 lagging (B) 0.995 leading
(C) 0.791 lagging (D) 0.848 leading

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Answer Sheet
1. (A) 19. (D) 37. (C) 55. (B) 73. (A)
2. (A) 20. (D) 38. (B) 56. (A) 74. (A)
3. (D) 21. (C) 39. (C) 57. (*) 75. (C)
4. (C) 22. (C) 40. (C) 58. (*) 76. (C)
5. (D) 23. (A) 41. (D) 59. (C) 77. (D)
6. (A) 24. (B) 42. (D) 60. (B) 78. (D)
7. (D) 25. (B) 43. (B) 61. (C) 79. (A)
8. (A) 26. (B) 44. (B) 62. (B) 80. (C)
9. (A) 27. (*) 45. (B) 63. (C) 81. (D)
10. (*) 28. (B) 46. (*) 64. (A) 82. (D)
11. (D) 29. (D) 47. (B) 65. (A) 83. (A)
12. (B) 30. (A) 48. (C) 66. (C) 84. (D)
13. (D) 31. (B) 49. (A) 67. (C) 85. (D)
14. (D) 32. (*) 50. (*) 68. (C)
15. (D) 33. (D) 51. (B) 69. (D)
16. (B) 34. (B) 52. (C) 70. (A)
17. (A) 35. (A) 53. (B) 71. (A)
18. (D) 36. (D) 54. (D) 72. (C)
**********

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13 Electric Motors 101

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GATE EE

Q.1 - Q.20 carry one mark each.

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Constant term in impedance indicates that there is a resistance in the circuit.

So output of the system is given as

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SOL 1.4 X is uniformly distributed between 0 and 1

Multiply both sides by P− 1

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So Q will have 4 linearly independent rows and flour independent columns.

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SOL 1.8 Assume the diode is in reverse bias so equivalent circuit is

Output voltage V0 = 10 sin ωt # 10 = 5 sin ωt

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The transformer connecting will be represented by

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(A) 0c < α < 45c (B) 45c < α < 135c

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SOL 1.17 Hence (A) is correct option.

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single-phase transformer. The following wattmeters are available in a laboratory:

Q.21 to Q.75 carry two marks each.

(A) 1/9 s (B) 1/4 s

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(A) 1 rad/s (B) 2 rad/s

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(A) 0.31 A (B) 1.25 A

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SOL 1.30 Output y (t) of the given system is

So, Y (jω) = K rect ` ω j

bk = 2ak cos kωt0

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MCQ 1.33 Given X (z) = z with z > a , the residue of X (z) zn - 1 at z = a

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For x = 0, f'' (0) = 12 (0) 2 − 16 =− 16 < 0 (Maxima)

option (A) AA'A = A

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option (B) (AA') 2 = I

option (C) A'A = I

option (D) AA'A = A'

From trapezoid rule

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PX = (x1 cos θ − x2 sin θ) 2 + (x1 sin θ + x2 cos θ) 2

(C) 2 sinc` ω j cos ` ω j (D) sinc` ω j sin ` ω j

#- 3 x (t) e- jωt dt + #- 3 x (− t) e- jωt dt

#0 (1) e- jωt dt + #- 1 (1) e- jωt dt

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(e jω/2 − e - jω/2) (e - jω/2 + e jω/2)

(A) 0 mA (B) 3.6 mA

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. Assuming diodes D1 and D2 to be ideal, load resistance to be infinite and initial

(A) Vc1 = 10 V,Vc2 = 5 V (B) Vc1 = 10 V,Vc2 =− 5 V

Capacitor C1 will charge upto + 5 volt. VC1 =+ 5 volt

Now capacitor VC2 will charge upto − 10 volt in opposite direction.

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SOL 1.42 Let input Vin is a sine wave shown below

According to given transfer characteristics of rectifiers output of rectifier P is.

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Similarly output of rectifier Q is

Output of a full wave rectifier is given as