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This report contains the compilation of the RJNA –Phase 01 actions in the state of Jammu &
Kashmir, India in the aftermath of the incessant rains in catchments of river Jhelum and Ravi, and
the subsequent embankment breaches which caused massive floods in first week of September
2014 affecting close to 5 million people in Kashmir valley and half a million in the Jammu region.
This is the worst flood the state has witnessed in the past 60 years.
Joint Rapid Needs Assessment Report: Jammu and Kashmir Floods 2014
Disclaimer:
The interpretations, data, views and opinions expressed in this report are collected from Govt. of
Kashmir, Inter-agency field assessments (RJNA), individual aid agencies assessments and from
media sources are being presented in the Document. It does not necessarily carry the views and
opinion of individual aid agencies, NGOs or Sphere India platform (Coalition of humanitarian
organisations in India) directly or indirectly.
Note:
The report may be quoted, in part or full, by individuals or organisations for academic or Advocacy
and capacity building purposes with due acknowledgements. The material in this Document should
not be relied upon as a substitute for specialized, legal or professional advice In connection with any
particular matter. The material in this document should not be construed as legal advice and the user
is solely responsible for any use or application of the material in this document.
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Joint Rapid Needs Assessment Report: Jammu and Kashmir Floods 2014
Contents
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Joint Rapid Needs Assessment Report: Jammu and Kashmir Floods 2014
1. Executive Summary
Jammu and Kashmir experienced heavy monsoon rains that began on September 2, 2014 and lead to
unprecedented widespread flooding and landslides across the state. Banks of the river Jhelum,
Chenab, Tawi and many other streams were burst. The worst affected districts are Srinagar,
Anantnag, Baramulla, Pulwama, Ganderbal, Kulgam, Budgam, Rajouri, Poonch and Reasi. Links of
Kashmir Valley were disrupted and the 300- km- long national highway was closed for vehicular traffic
th
from the 7 September as a result of landslides and floods. As many as 60 major and minor roads
have been cut off and over 30 bridges washed away, hampering the relief and rescue operations.
Except for connectivity between Srinagar and North Kashmir’s Ganderbal district, all other districts of
the valet including Anantnag, Pulwama, Kulgam, Shopian, Badgam, Baramulla and Bandipora were
cut off.
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Joint Rapid Needs Assessment Report: Jammu and Kashmir Floods 2014
2. Background
Flood waters from Jhelum River breached embankments in many low-lying areas in Kashmir, including
the capital Srinagar and Tawi River in Jammu forcing people to move to safer places.
As of 16 September 2014, 190 people and 78 people have been reported dead in Jammu and
Kashmir division respectively. As per the preliminary information of Government 9,814 residential
houses were fully damaged and 23,763 partially in Jammu region. The preliminary information
available from Kashmir says that 103,938 pucca houses are fully damaged, 64,176 pucca houses are
partially damaged, 7,372 kuccha houses are fully and 9,220 kuccha houses are partially damaged.
Over 234 relief camps were installed in the state and 23,900 people were rehabilitated from the
Jammu region only.
10,136,063
Population Affected: Communication, Accessibility, Availability of Supplies, Agriculture, Livestock, Assets Losses
8,186,273 1,949,790
Indirectly Affected Directly Affected (tangible and intangible)
Impact on roads, access, local 659,737 Direct loss of 1,290,052+ Displaced by 280+ deaths
economy, markets, availability household assets, flooding and shelter 53,082+ persons
of food, food price increases, livelihood, damage injured/ sick
contamination of water Psychosocial 121,124+ houses un- 226,000+
sources, public infrastructure 97,159+ houses flooded inhabitable Evacuated
574,209+ Population 715,841+ Population
shelter partially damaged shelter fully damaged
The Govt. has started over 87 camps in Jammu and over 147 (excluding Srinagar, Banidipora and
Kupwara) in Kashmir division. Distributed 250 tents, 250 blankets and 700 Qtls of rice in Baramula,
546 tents, 36 bundles (blankets) and 92 Qtls of rice in Budgam, 1 tent, 517 blankets, 40 Qtls of rice,
1.60 Qtls of pulses in Shopian, 1800 blankets in Ganderbal, 423 tents, 9125 blankets in Anantnag, 03
ton of ration and 3000 tarpaulin in Rajouri, Utensils, Food, Milk, Books, Pencils in Udhampur, 35-50
kg. atta to affected community in Jammu District. Over 20908 people were evacuated and 23900
were rehabilitated in the Jammu region. India Army rescued persons at the earliest through airlifting
and supported with Boats, Pumps, JCB, Constructed 3-4 floating bridges, repaired roads and supplied
water in Jammu region. Relief measure by NGO: URS matrix attached as Annex
It was found that carpet weaving, carpentry and handicrafts are the skills that exist within the
community members mainly among women and girls. Although the tools have been lost for carpet
weaving, carpentry and handicrafts, once the tools are available, the work can be resumed. The
assessment teams found that there is community willingness to address WASH under proper
guidance. Even the school teachers are willing to start the education as soon as school buildings are
cleaned and repaired. There is a practice of storing rice at home for a long time, and this helped the
communities to survive when they were trapped at various places before they could be rescued. In
some parts of urban areas like Srinagar, some of the affected households have their savings which
will help them recover. People who are dependent on tourism are expecting speedy recovery.
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5. Field Assessment:
The Joint Rapid Needs Assessment (JRNA) covered 108 villages from the worst affected districts of
Jammu and Kashmir. Out of 108 villages assessed by the team, water level was more than 3 feet in
62 villages and has entered into the houses in 87 villages. Team reported that the 86% of the wards
are affected and major damages to shelter, water and sanitation facilities, crop/agriculture land and
education.
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Joint Rapid Needs Assessment Report: Jammu and Kashmir Floods 2014
Assessment Findings
a. Food Security:
82.3% of families reported that their stocks were severely destroyed
77.7 % of families reported that their remaining food stocks will last for less than a week,
which can result in less food consumption.
77.7 % of families reported that household will not be able to cook food/boil water. This is due
to lack of utensils and fuel to cook food or boil water.
68.3 % of women are without safe and private places to breastfeed putting children in risk of
improper breastfeeding.
38 respondents ( 57.3%) mentioned that their food stocks got destroyed because of the floods
16 respondents said that the damages caused due to disaster were severe and 24
respondents rated it as moderate, and that their stocks will last for less than a week.
27 respondents said that there was a significant decrease in food that females eat and 25
respondents mentioned same for males and Children.
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b. Food Consumption:
The data is showing an alarming rate of change in food consumption. In total almost 86%
respondents from Kashmir, including men, women and children responded decrease of food
consumption after floods. In 5 districts almost 100% respondents mentioned that their food
consumption level decreased after the floods.
In Jammu, 35.7% of villages saw decrease in food consumption for children under the age of
five, and 59.3% for chdren as compared with the normal situation.
ICDS facilities need to be equipped with malnutrition monitoring tools like MUAC tapes in
order to keep check on issue of malnutrition among women and children especially.
c. Agricultural produce
Floods arrived at the most crucial time since it was time for harvesting of rice and apples. Of
the 68 villages, consistent data was available for 49 villages on the agricultural produce that
was damaged.
About 139,413 kanals of land or 17,426 acres was completely destroyed in the floods.
Of the 68 villages, 57 reported that paddy to be one of the most important crops for them. Of
these 57 villages, 15 villages reported paddy as the single most important crop for them.
These were in Anantnag, Bandipora, Kulgam and Pulwama.
The other crops mentioned as important have apples, vegetables and maize. 11 villages
mentioned apples as one of the main crops along with rice.
Vegetables were reported as important crops alongside paddy and/or apples in 31 villages,
particularly Shopian, Anantang and Budgam.
Loss of walnut trees was mentioned in 5 villages- 2 in Anantnag and one each in Budgam,
Shopian and Kulgam.
Other produce that was mentioned as affected were potatoes, mustard, pulses and pears. But
these were reported in only some villages leading to an inference that these are not staple
foods, but are choices of some farmers in some of the sample villages.
e. Livestock:
The analysis shows that more deaths to livestock happened in Kashmir division compared to
Jammu division. 42.6 % respondents said that thy witness los of livestock compared to 7.5%
in Jammu division.
73.5 % respondents in Kashmir division said that availability of fodder for domestic animals
has been affected severely. 55% respondents in Jammu division said the same.
There are indications of rice being charged at 50 INR/kg and cylinder at 450 INR in Srinagar.
Further most of the line departments indicated that they have not received any such GO in
this regard, and hence its not free and its only 35 kgs and not 50 kgs even.
For 84.8 % of the assessed population markets where inaccessible.
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450
400 Women without safe and private places to
350 breastfed
300
Household not able to cook food/boil water
250
200
Access to food stocks will last less than a
150
week
100
50 Stocks of food severely destroyed
0
Total responses
Figure 2: Impact of flooding on food stocks overall in assessed villages (% of villages with)
600
Average
500
Cost of Food increased Cost of Food
Increased
400
markets inaccessible
300
Markets without stocks
200
Market not functioning
100
Total response
140.00% Fodder
120.00% Damaged
100.00%
Cost of Food 30% 80.00%
Loss of
Increased 60.00%
livestock
Not affected 40.00%
20.00%
70%
0.00%
Jammu Kashmir
Figure 4: Impact on costs of food (% of villages Figure 5: Impact of flooding on livestock and
affected) flooding
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450
400
350
300 Food consumption of under-5 children.
decreased
250
Food consumption decreased (Children)
200
150 Food consumption decreased (Female)
100
50 Food Consumption decreased (Male)
Situation Analysis
The major water sources are bore well, natural springs, pipe water supply.
The common bore well uses Mark – II hand pump; there are also popular – VI hand pumps in
the valley. All of which were submerged completely in water logged areas – for example in
South Kashmir districts (Anantnag and Pulwama) and Srinagar.
The other type of water source is government supply system through pipelines which are
presently dysfunctional due to inundation and clogging.
The third type of source is underground aquifer with boring and natural flow of water to
surface without motor pump; the turbidity of some of these sources is found to be high.
Large sections of flood affected areas continue to be waterlogged.
Sanitation is a main issue in Srinagar city and northern affected districts especially when
people have already started cleaning their houses
In Srinagar the entire water filtration and distribution systems in all major hospitals was
paralysed and yet to be fully functional. As administrative offices were also under water, the
debris cleaning process started very slow and later. This has a severe potential for health
hazards
Assessment Findings
53% of villages indicated that water sources had been damaged. Before the flood 63% of
villages used piped water as the primary source of water, whereas after the flooding this was
down to 17%. Currently 13% of villages use wells, 29% ponds, 30% tubewells, and 12%
other sources.
85% of villages indicated that sanitation facilities had been damaged and 59% of the villages
are primarily practicing open defecation.
In a smaller sample of villages where water testing was done in South Kashmir, turbidity of
water in hand pumps and boring underground water is very high, between 50 NTU to 300
NTU. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) is found to be in the range of 394 to 550 – in higher side.
Iron content is high in some hand pumps.
Drinking water has been distributed by unaffected communities from neighbouring villages,
Public Health Engineering Department (PHE) and Army. Turbidity is found to be within the
acceptable level in such water supply. The water distributed by PHE and army for drinking
purpose are not chlorinated. However, chlorine tablets for high volume of water are reported
to be distributed by the department. A variety of water treatment systems (chlorine and
halogen) are being provided to the communities
The public water distribution system is yet to be restored in most affected villages in three
South Kashmir districts. PHE department is likely to take at least a month to restore the major
distribution systems. In Sri Nagar, many pockets are attained restored water supply line but
the cut off where major breaches occurred (during the floods and post) will need around 2-3
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weeks before proper supply is restored – (areas like Kursu, Natipora, Rajbagh etc.) the
residual chlorine levels in the official water supply lines has improved (25-27 Sept)
General practices of storing water are: in metal pitchers (Kolshi), Jerry can, plastic bottles and
buckets and other household utensils. Water handling practice is observed to be not entirely
safe as it is exposed to contamination through various means. Some households have small
water tank. No water treatments are being used or available to households at present. The
water distribution through tankers is also likely to get contaminated during unsafe handling.
53% of villages indicated that they did not have enough water storage containers.
Across the urban pockets, most shelters had latrine structures, which are now damaged or
washed away. There are no temporary latrines are available to affected population who are
still in their villages. Latrines in the camps are not sufficient and after use for longer period,
many of those are filled up. Open defecation is being practiced now widely due to
unavailability of facilities, especially in low lying villages in Pulwama, Anantnag and also in
affected areas of Bandipora and Baramulla. For women particularly this is problem and issue
of dignity.
Some households have built temporary bathing spaces but most people do not have.
The major challenges are cleaning the houses, pumping of the stagnant water and debris
cleaning and disposal. People have started cleaning their houses after water receded. They
are washing the household items especially the furnishing in flood waters. However, the
villages which are low lying will need extensive debris cleaning and sometime with machines.
There is no initiative from government at present for debris cleaning. Hundreds of carcasses
of poultry, stray dogs and other animals are in the water in Srinagar.
Field assessments across the city of Sri Nagar, in Kursu, Hamdania colony, Lasjan, Bemna
colony, Natipura, Naugam, Kinhama showed that most of the septic tanks were silted, the
households have not had the time or the technical support to inspect such structures as they
are busy with other critical actions of debris clearing and washing of the premises, once the
electricity and water supply is restored, the use of the latrines and household water based
usage will substantially increase putting a very heavy load on the drainage and sewerage
structures. This is coming out as a very critical need as the availability of bowzers to clear out
the faeces is limited and with the winter less than one month away this is a critical action.
Most of the affected urban pockets due to the high density have had water source
contamination due to the mixing of the over flowing sewerage and hence most of the
assessed water sources were compromised.
Hand washing materials are not available at present. During interviews women had
expressed need for sanitary pad which they do not have access to currently. There is also
need for soap, and diapers for children. Women accessing food and sanitation facilities in
Army camps expressed that they do not feel comfortable to go there to use latrine and
bathing places.
Some parts of Srinagar (Lalchowk, Jowaharnagar, Bemina) district continue to water logged
even after 17 days of the floods and at risk of disease outbreak. Flood water is stagnated and
receding slowly in many low lying villages in South Kashmir; however some parts of affected
North Kashmir districts and Srinagar are still under water.
Siltation has occurred in villages near to the River Jhelum. Due to the heavy deposition of silt,
which is up to 3 feet in few villages in Pulwama district, clearing of debris is posing a major
problem. Village level institutions like schools have also not started in most villages due to
debris deposited in the establishments. Many local shops and business are under water for
more than two weeks now. Besides the current humanitarian needs, people are worried about
the long term impact of this disaster in their lives.
Poor menstrual hygiene – use of cloth mostly now; bathing & toilets is a problem in camps
and in water logged areas. A WASH Surveillance grid needs to be put up urgently to alert any
disease outbreak especially in the close urban pockets and the remote areas as both these
clusters are in high risk of rapid spread and no reporting respectively. In the sample villages,
59% of women use cloth, and 38% use sanitary napkins for menstraul hygiene.
Urgent needs
A growing, number of people do not have access to safe water are in urgent need of a range
of WASH support, including clean water, hygiene kits, purification materials and various
WASH NFIs. Disease surveillance continues to point towards a rising trend of diarrheal
disease, skin infection and respiratory disease in affected areas. As in most other sectors,
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WASH needs are particularly acute in Srinagar city, Baramola and Bandipora in North
Kashmir and also in South Kashmir.
One women in a camp in Rajouri district said “The immediate need for us right now is food,
latrine and bathing facilities. Although we have not faced any problem, we do not feel
comfortable going to camps for taking bath or use the latrines. There is no privacy and we
don’t feel safe in camps. Our children can’t go to school in these conditions. We don’t know
what our future is, how long we will be here in the camps.” Both men and women expressed
that they want to cook food, but they do not have utensils and fuel for cooking.
Government continues to pump out water from water logged areas the flooded areas.
Additional pumps have been installed across the city- although the field assessment clearly
indicated the need for more.
Debris cleaning is a major concern and problem within the communities, especially in urban
and peri-urban areas of Srinagar.
100%
80%
N/A
60% Many (more than 50%)
Some (25-50%)
40%
A few (1-25%)
None (0%)
20%
0%
Without Access to safe water Have water containers With female access to a toilet
6.3 Health:
Situation Analysis:
The overall health infrastructure and system in Kashmir region is badly affected. Equitable
access to health facilities is a big concern.
The lack of access to healthcare from PHC, AWC, Rural Health Providers, attributed to
facilities being affected and reduced staffing levels as staff and their families themselves
being affected.
Health camps are concentrated in urban pockets of Srinagar, the appropriate and equitable
health services not available.
Drugs and essential medical reserves have been affected; the supplies in general are in
shortage in Kashmir valley and in medical camps due to lack of coordination and effective
supply chain management for medical camps.
Health surveillance is largely missing. The organised and unorganised medical camps are not
in coordination loop and information on health surveillance and utilisation status is not being
maintained.
Poor water, sanitation and hygiene conditions are increasing health risks for spread of
communicable diseases and epidemics. The appropriate measures for information and
awareness of people to prevent communicable diseases are not in place.
Institutional deliveries are high, and most pregnant women deliver in the private or the Govt.
Hospitals, large number of which are affected and thereby increasing the load on facilities that
are operational
The routine immunization and neo born care is also under pressure in existing health
facilities.
SRH services, RH supplies, emergency obstetric and new born care, prevention of gender
based violence and prevention of HIV/AIDs
High incidence of UTI reported among women by Anganwadi workers.
Assessment findings:
In the GB Pant Hospital, the flood waters, which stayed on for 10 days, have damaged key
equipment, especially ventilators, radian warmers, incubators and oxygen concentrator.
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Disruption of electricity led to failure of most systems, leading to the death of 20 neonates
before they could be transported elsewhere. The Hospital is otherwise well staffed.
However, the District Hospital, which suffered no damage is now overloaded. From an
average of 10 deliveries per day, the Hospital is witnessing upwards of 100 deliveries per day,
the wards are crowded, and at least babies each are on the 2 functioning radiant warmers.
The Sick Neonatal Care Unit is barely functional, with limited staff and equipment.
These two Hospitals, especially GB Pant Hospital, meet the requirements of skilled obstetric
and neonatal care in the Kashmir Valley.
60%
within 15 days Damage to building
40% Supplies shortage
within 30 days
Beyond 30 days 20% Inaccessibility
Figure : % of villages with estimated time until Figure : % of villages and reason for non-
health facilities will be functional functionality of health facilities
12% 8%
88% 92%
70% 30%
Outpat.conslt
60% 25%
People injured
50% Antenatal /post natal
20% check-ups
Dead bodies
(people/animals) 40%
Routine
15%
Communicable 30% Immunization
disease
10% Basic essential Obst.
Ante-natal Care 20% Care
6.4 Shelter
Situation Analysis
Shelter has emerged as one of the greatest concern of the affected communities as the winter
season is approaching and weather in this region gets extremely cold. Almost all houses in
assessed villages report extensive damage- either total or partial. Most of the structures are
made using mud and brick with timber frame and CGI sheets. Due to water logging in the
villages for 12-15 days, even the houses that have not fallen yet are not very safe. Most of the
houses have become unsafe. The affected people are afraid of living in such houses as they
are not sure when such buildings might fall.
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Assessment Findings
The traditional way of outer brick mortar with internal mud is facing a severe test with the
flooding, moreover the houses still standing may not be very effective once the winter sets in,
the vulnerable home owners indicated the fear of increase snowing this year and expressed
apprehensions about the load carrying capacity of the damages roofs
In houses made using cement and concrete that have suffered lesser or no damage, there is
enormous deposit of silt due to flood water. There is a need for cleaning debris and silt
deposits.
53% of assessed villages indicated that shelter was severely damaged by the flooding, 80%
of villages expressed concern about th rain and snow. Of the surveyed villages 53% of the
population were displaced.
79% of villages surveyed had flooding into the houses, and 54% had flooding into the villages.
The sample included severely affected fillages and moderately affected villages. In 53% of
villages the water level rose above 3 feet, 30% of villages the water level was between 1-3
feet.
The displaced people have concerns about exposure to rain, cold & snow as the winter is
very harsh. People who have lost their houses are taking shelter in religious places, school
buildings, at their relatives’ houses in some other village or in open area making some
makeshift temporary shelter. Many kids and elderly have been sent to live with relatives in
other areas not affected by floods.
In Anantnag block, assessment was carried out in 5 villages. Out of a total of 1635 houses,
250 are fully damaged and 958 have been partially damaged but no more livable due to
cracks on walls, plinth and floors. In Bijbehara block (Anantnag), in all the 7 assessed
villages, many houses have been completely damaged or on the verge of being collapsed
with the impact being most severe in Tawalia, Aarwani, Jablipura. The displaced people are
staying in community shelter. Significant loss in non food items in particular- beddings, and
household items.
Urgent Needs
In Shopian, 62 households are displaced and in need of immediate shelter, 1307 houses
severely damaged, and at risk of collapse, 19 huts were also damaged.
In Baramulla district, as per DC Office, 1755 residential structures damaged. 695 non –
residential. Many villages are still completely submerged in water.
In Sambha (Jammu) there is an urgent need for temporary shelter for affected HH (fully
damaged 627 houses and partially 2777). CGI sheets for 1000 HH are required as per the
District Administration. Immediate shelter support is also required in the districts of Reasi,
Poonch, Rajouri and Udhampur.
40% 20%
30% Concerned about
Cold
20%
Concerned about
10% other
0% 80%
None (0%) A few (1-25%) Some (25- Many (more
50%) than 50%)
Figure : % of villages showing need of shelter Figure : % of villages with concern about rain/
snow, cold
6.5 Protection:
Assessment findings:
Dignity and privacy for women and girls have emerged as an issue in relief camps.
Lack of access and availability of safe and private latrines, especially for women and girls,
have forced them for open defecation and situation is worse during flood as they remain more
vulnerable.
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Due to unprecedented and large scale displacement, children do not have access to school;
hence, remain cut off from their peers. This creates stress and increases burden from psycho-
social aspects.
Assessment Findings
Villagers have been seen pro-active in helping each other in spite of the discrimination which
is otherwise observed in non-disaster times (especially ethnicity based discrimination).
rd
However, 1/3 communities reported lack of adequate physical protection in camps.
72% reported loss of legal documents while protection concerns of persons with disabilities
largely unaddressed (68%)
28% perceive threat to their survived livestock, which will multiply the risk to their food
security livelihoods as the loss to only crop of the year is very high.
As schools are closed due to destruction caused by the floods, children remain vulnerable to
abuse and exploitation. However, 10% communities expressed that the children are exposed
to physical, sexual and emotional abuse.
In the affected villages, some of the families were split during evacuation and relocation; as a
result 10% communities reported there have been incidences of unaccompanied
childrenAdolescent girls in Anantnag shared their concern that they might be sent outside
their village in search of work like house maid.
Average of 5-7% Women headed households in villages of Baramulla. They are poor, mostly
labourers, houseless.
Women and girls from displaced families shared that they feel safe at home; anxieties around
living in camps especially from police and other “onlookers” from other villages.
Some women reported alcoholism and gambling among men in villages in Baramulla
Additional observations from assessment/visit to Phulwama district of Kashmir, 6 worst
affected village’s i.e Sail, Chessor, Beigipora, Parigam, Lalhar & Kakapora.
The issue of migrant labourers from the states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Bangladesh also
emerged. They lived on the roads, since they are considered "outsiders" and are therefore,
not accepted and discriminated by the people. Instances of being thrown out of the schools
where reported when they took refuge in temporary shelters.
Due to their migrant status, despite living in Kashmir since 10 to 12 years, they can’t avail any
facilities of the state government.
Urgent Needs
Provision of cubicles for women and adolescent girls for privacy during bathing and for
menstrual hygiene practices.
Creating Child Friendly Spaces to ensure protection of children.
Seek support from existing Child Protection Committees (wherever functional) to support
activities of CFS as well monitoring on day to day basis.
Provide psychosocial counselling services and/or referrals for both children and adults
Report any missing, unclaimed and unaccompanied and unsupervised children to the missing
child help line (18002002325).
Figure : % of villages with need for Counselling Figure : % of villages where children are in a
and Psychosocial support state of stress
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6.6 Education:
Situation Analysis
A significant proportion of children affected by disaster are out-of-school. Achieving Education
for All requires that we ensure learning opportunities for these children and youth affected by
emergencies. Disaster-affected communities themselves prioritize the provision of education
for their children, often even before more immediate material needs. Education can save and
sustain lives, offering physical, cognitive and psychosocial protection when delivered in safe,
neutral spaces. Education restores routine and gives people hope for the future; it can also
serve as a channel both for meeting other basic humanitarian needs and communicating vital
messages that promote safety and well-being.
While ensuring that the education is restored in emergencies it is also important to ensure
quality of education. Quality education can increase children’s earning potential, enable them
to keep their families healthier and improve their ability to break out of the poverty cycle.
Assessment Findings
On the basis of Joint Rapid Needs Assessment collected from various sources such as
affected families, government departments, children through one to one interactions, focused
group discussions, key informant interviews and also physical verification of assessment
team. However, this represents only a representatives sampling of assessment and multi-
sectoral in depth assessment gives more acute and broader pictures on impact of current
disaster on education and children.
In Reasi, it is only 30% secondary schools are functional after disaster.nts in all the assessed
areas reported that the educational institutions are closed as schools are used for temporary
shelter, community kitchen and in some places connecting roads are cut off / submerged with
flood waters etc.
Children have informed that the schools are closed as they are being used as shelter and
children are unable to attend due to in accessibility of roads
Almost 100% of the children of the assessed areas in Poonch reported that they have lost
education material such as books, bags, uniform etc.
There is a marginal decrease of school attendance of girl children in all the assessed districts
of Jammu.
In all the affected districts, most of the children, teachers and PRI members reported that the
Mid Day Meal has been stopped as schools are defunct which has a huge impact on
nutritional status of the children.
In Poonch, Rajouri, Samba, Reasi Districts some of the children have lost their text books,
note books and school bags. Teachers have also reported that Teaching Learning Materials,
Teaching Aids got wet/washed out and are not useful.
Children of the abvoe districts have also reported that the schools are running in open places
due to fully or partially damages and also relief camps are running in schools.
Dropout children, wherever schools are functioning, shared that they are supporting in
cleaning and reviving the houses and it will be continued few more day.
In Poonch dist, flood affected schools reported infrastructure damages, especially teaching
learning material.
More than 75% villages have reported some sort of loss of educational materials
More than 25% of assessed villages reported that schools in their localities will not be
functional in the next fifteen days and some parts of the poonch reported that it may take
30days.
Urgent Needs
Need to establish Temporary Learning/ Education Centres
Provide education material/kits including school bags, uniform for children who lost education
material
Establish child clubs at school and community level to include children out of school, orphans
are enrolled again in education system
Advocacy:
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7. Recommendations
7.2 WASH:
7.3 Health:
7.4 Shelter
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7.5 Protection:
7.6 Education
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8. Assessment Methodology:
Sphere India as a collaborative effort has facilitated JRNA in Jammu and Kashmir which was earlier
tested and followed in Odisha and UP floods 2014. As the accessibility was an issue, rapid
assessment report version I and II was released on respectively before actual JRNA to provide a
common understanding of impact of floods and landslides.
8.1 Tools
A debriefing at Srinagar was organised on 24th and at Jammu on 25th September, 2014.
Joint Rapid Needs Assessment Report: Jammu and Kashmir Floods 2014
9. Annexures:
26. Where are people living in Spontaneous settlement (outside homes/ in clusters on high lands)
the affected villages since Pre-disaster location (original home)
1 Please add the GP/ village list and the demographic details as annexure
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the disaster? (Tick all that Collective center/public building / community structures
apply; If other, please Pre-disaster location (original village, but not original home, house damaged)
specify) Formal Camps
Other………………………………………………………………………..
Run By Numbers People residing
Govt Run
27. How many camps are operational in
NGO run
the district
Informal
Other groups run
28. Has accessibility to the affected area been
29. Type of accessibility reduced: (If other, please specify)
reduced by the disaster?
Road Telecommunications Bridge Market
Not accessible partially accessible
Power/ Electricity Other……………
30. How many livestock are affected by disaster? (Please tick one
31. Provide details of the livestock losses
category):
0% = None 1-25% (Up to approximately ¼ of the population
Dead__________ Missing________
26-50% (Between ¼ and ½ of the population)
Injured__________ Displaced________
50% - 100% (More than ½ of the population)
D. POST DISASTER SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT
Normal Heavy Rain Very cold
32. What are the present weather conditions:
Windy Hot Humid
(If other, please specify)
Cloudy Other…………………………………
33. In the coming two weeks, the situation in the disaster Stay the same Improve Worsen
affected area is most likely to:
Continuous heavy rain Water level rising
34. What factors could make the situation for affected
Aftershock Disease Outbreak
people worse?
No rain Water logging
(If other, please specify)
Caste/ ethnic violence Other……………………….
35. Health Facilities at district level:
No. of Doctor Facilities available in the hospital
No. of paramedical staff
OT (operation theatre)
Ward Facilities
36. In the worst case scenario, how many people and Population Livestock
livestock might this affect?
E. AVAILABLE RESOURCES, COPING STRATEGIES AND SUPPORT REQUIRED
37. Outline resources available at the district level in the following sectors:
Is extra assistance
Sector Comment on what assistance is required.
required?
Yes
a) WASH No
Inf.
unavailable
Yes
No
b) Shelter and non-food items
Inf.
unavailable
Yes
c) Food No
Inf.
unavailable
Yes
d) Livelihoods No
Inf.
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unavailable
Yes
e) Education No
Inf.
unavailable
Yes
f) Health No
Inf.
unavailable
Yes
g) Protection ( Gender Based
No
Violence, Dalit issues and
Inf.
children)
unavailable
Yes
h) Nutrition -relates to No
Sufficiency etc Inf.
unavailable
38. How many NGOs are working in the district?
Serious need of assistance
39. How would the assessment team describe
Some need of assistance
the immediate overall relief needs in this
Needs can be managed with resources available at Gram
District (needs in coming days and weeks):
Panchyat/ Block level
Water Sanitation
Shelter Bedding and blankets
40. Which appear to be the highest priority for
Clothing Food (nutrition?)
immediate assistance? (rank up to, but no
Livelihoods Education
more than three)
Livestock
Health Protection/security?
41. How would you describe the recovery needs Serious need of assistance
in this District (needs in coming three or more Some need of assistance
months): Block/ GP and communities coping strategies will be enough
Any further comments or observations:
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19. Please provide the disaggregated data in numbers for the affected population (if possible- based on Secondary data
etc)
2 th th
Children Women Men P/Cwd Women Pregnant (7 to 9 month) and Minorities SC/ST
nursing (0-6 months)
20. How far has the waters entered within the village into the houses
21. How long will the waters stay less than 3 days more than 3 days
22. How high is the water logging 1-3 ft above 3 ft
23. Which are the Six worst affected Wards? i.______________ ii. ___________________
(Please write their names, please add if more) iii.______________ iv. __________________
v.______________ vi. ___________________
OR all Wards are equally badly affected (If so, tick box)
Comments/ Suggestions/ Additional Information:
B. WASH
24. Has water supply been damaged/adversely affected? Yes No Inf. unavailable
(If No or Inf. unavailable, skip to Q.30)
25. What are the sources of drinking Open well (erstwhile used for drinking water purposes) Springs
water which have been damaged? Pond with embankment breached Pipe water supply Tube well
26. What is the current water source? Wells Ponds/ Open Water bodies Tube wells/ hand pumps
Piped Water Supply Any other _______________________________
27. Approximate % of total population of the Village without access to safe None
drinking water due to disaster? A few
0% = None1-25% (Up to approximately ¼ of the population) = A few26-50% Some
(Between ¼ and ½ of the population) = Some50% - 100% (More than ½ of the Many
population) = Many Inf. unavailable
28. Access to water for all people with Yes No Inf. unavailable
disabilities/ST/SC/Minorities (Post disaster)?
29. Is the water available at the source enough for Sufficient for Short term (for 1 weeks) Partly (for 2 weeks)
short-term and longer-term needs for all groups Long term sufficiency (beyond 3 weeks) Inf.
in the population? unavailable
30. Do people have enough water containers of None A few Some Many Inf. unavailable
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C. SHELTER
37. Is shelter an issue as a result of the disaster? Yes No Inf. unavailable
(If No or Inf. unavailable, skip to Q43)
38. Approximate number of households in need of immediate shelter? None A few
0% = None1-25% (Up to approximately ¼ of the population = A few26-50% Some Many
(Between ¼ and ½ of the population) = Some50% - 100% (More than ½ of the Inf. unavailable
population) = Many
39. What are the exposure elements that concern Rains/Snow Cold Mosquitos Darkness Heat
you? Snakebites Wild Animals Others______________
40. Are alternative places available to people who require shelter (e.g. Yes No Inf. unavailable
community shelters or buildings that can be used as collective centers)?
41. Number and nature of operational Govt. shelters? (specific number)
42. Land availability and shelter damage both partial and complete
43. Availability of NFI Yes No Inf. unavailable
Comments/ Suggestions/ Additional Information:
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Yes/No If yes, Name different food groups How many times per day do you
feed the child
Amount consumed has increased
Amount consumed has decreased
Amount consumed is same
Do not Know
49. Has the cost of food has increased post disaster – yes/no Yes No only marginally
50. Did the community (pre-cyclone / flood/pre disaster) have
access to ICDS and health center? If no why (Probe - distance
is a problem, transportation, bad road, access cut off etc.).
Has the ICDS and health center is affected by disaster?
3
51. Do people have access to the Supplementary nutrition provided by ICDS centers
following nutrition programmes Growth monitoring and identification of SAM child
post disaster? Referral mechanism of SAM
Facility based management of SAM / Nutrition Rehabilitation center
None
52. Are households able to cook food/boil water since the Yes- majority can cook
disaster? No, few can cook
Inf. unavailable
53. Do the households have enough supports to cook/ make food Yes- majority have items/ implements
(utensils, fuel, stoves) No, few need supports
Inf. unavailable
54. Are there safe and private places for women to breastfeed? Yes No Inf. unavailable
55. what is the staple food, (before/ after): Rice Wheat ___________ ___________ ____________
56. Is there a PDS shop in the village and is it operational with Available Unavailable
stocks Functional Dysfunctional
57. Are markets in the affected area functioning? Fully Partly Not functioning Inf. unavailable
58. Do markets have stocks of food? Yes No Inf. unavailable
59. Are markets generally accessible by the local community? Yes No Inf. unavailable
60. % of community who can afford to buy food from market? 0% 1-25% 26-50% 50-100%
61. In your community which family member manages purchases? Female Male
62. Which Female Male
livelihoo Non-agricultural day labour Non-agricultural day labour
ds are Agricultural day labour Agricultural day labour
likely to Small and marginal farmers Small and marginal farmers
be most Medium and big farmers Medium and big farmers
affected Others Others
and for (Artisans, Petty Shops, SM Entrepreneurs etc.) (Artisans, Petty Shops, SM Entrepreneurs etc.)
how Sharecroppers Sharecroppers
long? Livestock dependant Livestock dependant
(If Loans of SHG Loans of SHG (women)
others, MNREGA Works MNREGA Works
please Fisher folk (& Allied activities) Fisher folk (& Allied activities)
specify) (Specify)………………………………………… (Specify)…………………………………………
for 30 days for 60 days Beyond 60 days for 30 days for 60 days Beyond 60 days
63. What is the severity of damage of the major crop/crops? Severe Moderate
Low No damage
Inf. unavailable
64. What are important crops that are damaged?
65. Total agricultural land affected
66. Have there been losses to agricultural inputs and equipment Severe Moderate
and other livelihoods assets? Low No loss
Inf. unavailable
67. What is level of death or loss of livestock (animals and Severe Moderate
poultry)? Low No loss or death
3 Has infant formula (dried or ready to use) or other milk products (e.g., dried whole, semi-skimmed or skimmed milk powder, ready to use
milk) and/or baby bottles/teats been distributed since the emergency started?
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E. EDUCATION
69. Number of children availing facility in schools/ education institutions Primary High school
70. How many schools/education institutions are not functioning because Primary High school
of the disaster?
71. What are the main reasons for No teachers No students
schools/education institutions not Infrastructure damage No Midday Meal
functioning post disaster? (tick all Study materials damaged School not accessible
that apply) Schools used as shelter Inf. unavailable
72. What proportion of children are going to school Before After
before and after (disaster) % Boys
Girls
73. Assessment of loss of educational material of children at HH – books, text books, None A few
note books, bags -0% = None1-25% (Up to approximately ¼ of the population = A Some Many
few26-50% (Between ¼ and ½ of the population) = Some 50% - 100% (More than Inf. unavailable
½ of the population) = Many
74. How soon will the schools become functional? within 15 days within 30 days Beyond 30 days
Comments/ Suggestions/ Additional Information:
F. HEALTH
75. Status of health facilities/ Numbers (pre disaster) Affected
service providers in the PHC
Village Anganwadi
Rural Health Providers
Ambulance
Mobile clinic
Health camps
76. How soon will the health facilities be functional? within 15 days within 30 days Beyond 30 days
77. What are the main reasons for Staff shortage Damage to building
health facilities not functioning? Supplies/medicine shortage Inaccessibility
(If other, please specify) Not applicable/all are functioning Other…………………………………
78. Are there any underlying health Malnutrition Communicable diseases
concerns in Village? No underlying concerns Dehydration
(information should come from Diarrhoea Respiratory infection
pre-disaster knowledge) Fever with rashes Other………………………….
79. Are there any health concerns People injured Dead bodies (people/animals)
as a result of the disaster? Communicable disease Ante-natal Care
(If other, please specify) No Other…………………………………………………….
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80. No of pregnant women in 8 month of pregnancy and whether service available for delivery?
81. o p access to the following Outpatient consultations Antenatal /post natal check ups
health services? Routine Immunization Basic essential obstetric care
Emergency essential obstetric care/ Institutional delivery Don’t know
82. Are children in a state of stress due to the disaster? Yes No Inf. unavailable
83. Do People need counseling and support? Yes No Inf. unavailable
Comments/ Suggestions/ Additional Information:
G. PROTECTION
84. Are there major protection concerns (select all that apply)- Note: (Inf. NA) Inf. unavailable
Lack of adequate physical protection Yes No Inf. NA
Breakdown of law and order (looting crime) Yes No Inf. NA
Presence of armed non-state actors Yes No Inf. NA
Violence(s) between members of displaced community and/or host community Yes No Inf. NA
Threat from host community Yes No Inf. NA
Forced return or relocation Yes No Inf. NA
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4 Ration card, voter id, land documents, insurance, immunization cards, ANC cards, health cards (birth registration, marriage, etc.)
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Jammu Division
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Kashmir Division
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End of Document
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