第 13 組

Week 9
Question 1

The following are seven students’ average exam scores and preparation time.

A B C D E F G
Average 90 85 64 78 88 74 67
Time 12 8 3 4 10 7 5

(a) Find a regression line between average exam scores and preparation time.

(b) Please calculate the correlation coefficient r.

(c) In α = 0.05, test if the regression coefficient 𝛽 is different from 0 significantly.

Answer 1

̂𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑋𝑖 .
First assume the regression line is 𝑌

𝑎 = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏𝑋̅
(a) The formula for a and b is { ∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅)(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌̅). 𝑋̅ = 78, 𝑌̅ = 7
𝑏 = ∑(𝑋 ̅ 2 𝑖 −𝑋)

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅)(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌̅) 12∙5+7∙1+(−14)∙(−4)+0∙(−3)+10∙3+(−4)∙0+(−11)∙(−2) 175

𝑏= ∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅)2
= = ≅ 0.28
144+49+196+0+100+16+121 626

175
a = 𝑌̅ − 𝑏𝑋̅ = 7 − × 78 ≅ −14.81
626

̂𝑖 = −14.81 + 0.28𝑋𝑖 .
∴ The regression line is 𝑌

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅)(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌̅)

(b) The correlation coefficient 𝑟 = .
√∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅)2 ∑(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌̅)2

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅)(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌̅) 175

𝑟= = ≅ 0.87
√∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅)2 ∑(𝑌𝑖 −𝑌̅)2 626×64

𝐻 : 𝛽=0
(c) { 0 , α = 0.05.
𝐻1 : 𝛽 ≠ 0
̂ −0
𝛽
𝑀𝑆𝐸
~𝑡(𝑛 − 2)
√𝑆
𝑥𝑥

𝑆𝑆𝐸 ̂𝑖 )2
∑(𝑌𝑖 − 𝑌
MSE = =
𝑛−2 𝑛−2

1
 A B C D E F G
𝑋𝑖 90 85 64 78 88 74 67
𝑌𝑖 12 8 3 4 10 7 5
̂𝑖
𝑌 10.39 8.99 3.11 7.03 9.83 5.91 3.95

̂𝑖 )2 1.612 + 0.992 + 0.112 + 3.032 + 0.172 + 1.092 + 1.052

∑(𝑌𝑖 − 𝑌
MSE = = ≅ 3.02
𝑛−2 7−2
𝑆𝑋𝑋 = ∑(𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅)2 = 626

𝛽̂ − 0 0.28 − 0
= ≅ 4.03
𝑀𝑆𝐸
√ √3.02
𝑆𝑥𝑥 626
𝑡0.05⁄2 (7 − 2) = 𝑡0.05⁄2 (5) ≅ 2.571 < 4.03

∴ We can reject 𝐻0 and conclude that 𝛽 is different from 0 significantly.