Andi Bagus Rahmawan

081711733013
Teknik Biomedis

Tugas Fisika Medis

1. We design an ultrasound transducer to operate at 1.5MHz and it has a radius of 5mm.
Using the derivations given in section 7.3.1 estimate the fall of intensity of the ultrasound
beam between distances of 10 and 15cm along the axis of the beam. Express your answer
in dB?
Answer : Radius transduser (a) < (r)
∝sin ka2
So, P(r,0) 4r
2π
K= λ
V = 1500 m s−1
λ = 1 mm
•If At r=10 cm
sin2π103 ×25×10−6
P10= =0.383
4×10−1
•If At r=15 cm
sin2π103 ×25×10−6
P15= =0.259
6×10−1
20log P15
So, fall of intensity of the ultrasound = = − 3.4 dB
P10

2. We are to use an ultrasound transducer of diameter 15 mm, operated at 1.5 MHz to

obtain a Doppler signal from the aortic arch. The intention is to use this to measure
cardiac output. If the distance between the probe and the blood vessel is 10 cm then
calculate the width of the ultrasound beam at the blood vessel. Would the beam width
be sufficient to completely insonate the cross-section of the blood vessel if the diameter
of the vessel is 16 mm?
Answer :
Ultrasound beam will diverge in the far field with a half angle given by sin−1(0.61λ/a),
where λ is the wavelength and a is the radius of the transducer. In our case the
wavelength is 1 mm if the velocity of sound is assumed to be 1500 m s−1. Therefore, the
0,61 ×10−3
half angle of the beam is given by sin-1( 7,5 ×10−3 ) = 4,670
a2
The far field starts at r = =56 mm.
λ
The beam width = 100 mm is given by 15+2(100− 56).tan(4.67◦) = 22.2 mm

3. We are usually concerned with light entering the eye, but what happens when sound
enters the eye? Calculate the reflection coefficient at each interface between the
air/cornea/aqueous humor/eye lens/vitreous humor. The speeds of sound in the aqueous
humor, eye lens (crystalline lens), and vitreous humor are 1,510, 1,630, and 1,540 m/s,
respectively. Assume that the density of each medium in the eye is 1 g/cm and that the
cornea and eye lens have the same properties?
Answer :

a. Reflective Coefficient of air/cornea

𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 ∙ 𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑟 − 𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑎 ∙ 𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑎
= 0,99
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 ∙ 𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑟 + 𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑎 ∙ 𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑎

b. Reflective Coefficient of cornea/aqueous humor

𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑎 ∙ 𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑎 − 𝜌𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 ∙ 𝑣𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟
= −0,038
𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑎 ∙ 𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑎 + 𝜌𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 ∙ 𝑣𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟

c. Reflective Coefficient of aqueous humor/lens

𝜌𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 ∙ 𝑣𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 − 𝜌𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠 ∙ 𝑣𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠
= 0,038
𝜌𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 ∙ 𝑣𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 + 𝜌𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠 ∙ 𝑣𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠

d. Reflective Coefficient of lens/vitreus humor

𝜌𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠 ∙ 𝑣𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠 − 𝜌𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 ∙ 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 = −0,0284

𝜌𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠 ∙ 𝑣𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠 + 𝜌𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟 ∙ 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑟