Cabinet Ministers

S.No Cabinet Ministers Portfolio Constituency

Prime Minister and also in-charge of: Ministry of Personnel,
Public Grievances and Pensions; Department of Atomic
1. Narendra Modi Varansai, Uttar Pradesh
Energy; Department of Space; and All important policy issues;
and all other portfolios not allocated to any Ministers
2. Raj Nath Singh Minister of Defence Lucknow, UP
3. Amit Shah Nitin Minister of Home Affairs Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat
Minister of Road Transport and Highways; and Minister of
4. Jairam Gadkari Nagpur, Maharashtra
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
D.V. Sadananda
5. Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers Bangalore North, Karnatka
Gowda
6. Nirmala Sitharaman Minister of Finance; and Minister of Corporate Affairs Rajya Sabha (Karnatka)
7. Ramvilas Paswan Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution Not contested in election
Narendra Singh Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Minister of Rural
8. Morena, M.P
Tomar Development; and Minister of Panchayati Raj

Minister of Law and Justice; Minister of Communications; and

9. Ravi Shankar Prasad Patna Sahib, Bihar
Minister of Electronics and Information Technology

Harsimrat Kaur
10. Minister of Food Processing Industries Bathinda, Punjab
Badal
Shri Thaawar Chand
11. Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment Rajya Sabha (M.P)
Gehlot
Subrahmanyam
12. Minister of External Affairs Not contested in election
Jaishankar
Ramesh Pokhriyal
13. Minister of Human Resource Development Hardwar, Uttarakhand
'Nishank'
14. Arjun Munda Minister of Tribal Affairs Khunti, Jharkhand
Minister of Women and Child Development; and Minister of
15. Smriti Zubin Irani Amethi, U.P
Textiles
Minister of Health and Family Welfare; Minister of Science and
16. Dr. Harsh Vardhan Chandni Chowk, New Delhi
Technology; and Minister of Earth Sciences
Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change; and
17. Prakash Javadekar Rajya Sabha (M.P)
Minister of Information and Broadcasting
18. Piyush Goyal Minister of Railways; and Minister of Commerce and Industry Rajya Sabha (Maharashtra)
Dharmendra
19. Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas; and Minister of Steel Rajya Sabha (M .P)
Pradhan
Mukhtar Abbas
20. Minister of Minority Affairs Rajya Sabha (Jharkhand)
Naqvi
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs; Minister of Coal; and
21. Pralhad Joshi Dhannuad, Karnatka
Minister of Mines
Dr. Mahendra Nath
22. Minister of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Chandauli, U.P
Pandey
Arvind Ganpat Mumbai South,
23. Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprise
Sawant Maharashtra
24. Giriraj Singh Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying, and Fisheries Begusarai, Bihar
 Gajendra Singh
25. Minister of Jal Shakti Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Shekhawat

Minister of State (Independent Charge)

S.No Minister of State Portfolio Constituency
Santosh Kumar Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of labour
1. Bareilly, U.P
Gangwar and Employment
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of
2. Rao Inderjit Singh Statistics and Programme Implementation; and Minister of Gurgaon, Haryana
State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Planning
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of
Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and
3. Shripad Yesso Naik North Goa, Goa
Homoeopathy (AYUSH); and Minister of State in the Ministry of
Defence
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of
Development of NorthEastern Region; Minister of State in the
Prime Minister's Office; Minister of State in the Ministry of
4. Dr. Jitendra Singh Udhampur, J&K
Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Minister of State
in the Department of Atomic Energy; and Minister of State in
the Department of Space
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Youth
Arunachal West, Arunachal
5. Kiren Rijiju Affairs and Sports; and Minister of State in the Ministry of
Pradesh
Minority Affairs
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of
Prahalad Singh
6. Culture; and Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Damoh, M.P
Patel
Ministry of Tourism
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of
Power; Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry
7. Raj Kumar Singh Arrah in Bihar
of New and Renewable Energy; and Minister of State in the
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of
Housing and Urban Affairs; Minister of State (Independent
8. Hardeep Singh Puri Lost in Lok Sabha election
Charge) of the Ministry of Civil Aviation; and Minister of State in
the Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of
Mansukh L.
9. Shipping; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Chemicals and Rajya Sabha, Gujarat
Mandaviya
Fertilizers

Minister of State:
S.No Minister of State Portfolio Constituency
Faggansingh
1. Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel Mandla, M.P
Kulaste
Ashwini Kumar
2. Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Buxar, Bihar
Choubey
Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs; and
3. Arjun Ram Meghwal Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Bikaner, Rajasthan
Enterprises
General (Retd.) V. Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and
4. Ghaziabad, U.P
K.Singh Highways
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and
5. Krishan Pal Faridabad, Haryana
Empowerment
Danve Raosaheb Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and
6. Jalna, Maharashtra
Dadarao Public Distribution
7. G. Kishan Reddy Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs Secunderabad, Telangana
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
8. Parshottam Rupala Rajya Sabha (Gujarat)
Welfare
Minister of State in the Ministry of Social Justice and
9. Ramdas Athawale Rajya Sabha (Maharashtra)
Empowerment
 Sadhvi Niranjan
10. Minister of State in the Ministry of Rural Development Fatehpur, U.P
Jyoti
Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and
11. Babul Supriyo Asansol, West Bengal
Climate Change
Sanjeev Minister of State in the Ministry of Animal Husbandry, Dairying
12. Mujjafarnagar, U.P
KumarBalyan and Fisheries
Minister of State in the Ministry of Human Resource
Dhotre Sanjay Development; Minister of State in the Ministry of
13. Akola, Maharashtra
Shamrao Communications; and Minister of State in the Ministry of
Electronics and Information Technology
Anurag Singh Minister of State in the Ministry of Finance; and Minister of
14. Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh
Thakur State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs
Angadi
15. SureshChannabasa Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways Belgaum, Karnataka
ppa
16. Nityanand Rai Minister of State in the Ministry of Home Affairs Ujiarpur, Bihar
Minister of State in the Ministry of JalShakti; and Minister of
17. Rattan Lal Kataria Ambala, Haryana
State in the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs; and Minister
18. V. Muraleedharan Vadakara, Kerala
of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
19. Renuka SinghSaruta Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs Surguja, Chhattisgarh
20. Som Parkash Minister of State in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry Hoshiarpur, Punjab
21. Rameswar Teli Minister of State in the Ministry of Food Processing Industries Dibrugarh, Assam
Minister of State in the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium
Pratap Chandra
22. Enterprises; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Animal Balasore, Odisha
Sarangi
Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries
Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
23. Kailash Choudhary Barmer, Rajasthan
Welfare
Sushri Debasree Minister of State in the Ministry of Women and Child
24. Raiganj, West Bengal
Chaudhuri Development
 IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELID
W.P.(C) 3549/2018

SUNIL KUMAR TYAGI ..... Petitioner

Through: Ms. Asha Jain Madan, Advocate with
Mr. Mukesh Jain, Advocate.
versus
UNION OF INDIA AND ANR ..... Respondents
Through: Ms Archana Gaur and Ms Ridhima
Gaur, Advocates for UOI.

CORAM:
JUSTICE S.MURALIDHAR
JUSTICE I.S.MEHTA

ORDER
01.05.2019

1. There are three prayers in this writ petition - one is for a direction to the Respondents to grant the
Petitioner the benefit of the first Assured Career Progression ('ACP') Scheme with effect from October, 1999,
when the Petitioner had actually completed 12 years of service instead of 30th December, 2000. The second
is that the benefit of the MACP should be granted with effect from October, 2007 (instead of 1'1 September,
2008), when the Petitioner completed 20 years of service. The third prayer is that the benefit of the MACP
should be given by placing the Petitioner in the scale of Sub Inspector ('SI') i.e. Rs.5500-9000 (pre-revised).

2. As far as the first prayer is concerned, the same has already been granted by the Respondents to the
Petitioner. As far as the second prayer is concerned, the issue is covered in favour of the Petitioner by the
judgment dated 8th December, 2017 of the Supreme Court in Union of India v. Balbir Singh Turn (2018) I I
SCC 99. The Supreme Court has in the above judgment clarified that the benefit of the MACP which was on
the basis of the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission to be extended with effect from 1st
January, 2006 and not from 1st September, 2008, as was directed by the Respondents.

3. As regards the fixing of the correct pay scale of the Petitioner, it is seen that in BSF/General Duty, there is
no post of ASI/General Duty in the pay scale of Rs.4000-100-6000 (pre-revised) which had been converted
into Pay Band-I i.e. 5200-20200 in the grade pay of Rs.2800 having pay band of 8560 with the total pay
(basic pay) of Rs.11360. Thus, in the case of the Petitioner, the second financial upgradation was required to
be given in the pay scale of Rs.5500-9000 (pre-revised). Since this was not granted to other similarly placed
as the Petitioner, writ petitions were filed in this Court. A series of judgments have been passed by this Court
in those writ petitions, as a result of which the Respondents extended the benefit of financial upgradation in
the pay scale of Rs.5500-9000 to all personnel who had completed 24 years of regular service during the
period 9th August, 1999 to 31st August, 2008.

4. The counter affidavit of the Respondents does not dispute the applicability of the judgment of the Supreme
Court in Union of India v Balbir Singh Turn (supra) or the applicability of the other orders of this Court,
including the order dated 18th December, 2015 in W.P.(C) No.11725 (Digamber Singh ASI v UOI) concerning
the appropriate pay scale for the purposes of grant of the MACP benefits.

5. Consequently, this Court directs as under:

i. The Petitioner would be given the benefit of the MACP with effect from October, 2007 instead of 1st
September, 2008; and
ii. The above benefit will be given by placing the Petitioner in the pay scale of of Sub Inspector i.e. 5500-9000
(pre-revised).
iii. The appropriate orders will be issued and the arrears will be paid to the Petitioner within a period of 12 weeks
from today, failing which the Respondents will be liable to pay simple interest @ 6% per annum on the
arrears for the period of delay.
6. The petition is disposed of in above terms. No costs.

S. MURALIDHAR, J.

I.S.MEHTA, J.

MAY 01, 2019ujj

In a nutshell, the buyer or the seller may seek breach-of-contract money damages when the other party fails
to complete the sale. If a seller defaults, he must return all deposits, plus added reasonable expenses, to the
buyer. The other party may also seek to compel the erring party to complete the deal under specific
performance. From a buyer's point of view, it is advisable to get the sale agreement registered.

No transfer can be made (1) insofar as it is opposed to the nature of the interest affected thereby, or (2) for an
unlawful object or consideration within the meaning of Section 23 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (9 of 1872), or
(3) to a person legally disqualified to be transferee

Section 73 of the Act provides that "When a contract has been broken, the party who suffers by
such breach is entitled to receive, from the party who has broken the contract, compensation for any
loss or damage caused to him thereby, which naturally arose in the usual course of things from
such breach, or which the .

Section 73 in The Indian Contract Act, 1872

Section 11 of the Consumer Protection Act states: "(2) A complaint shall be instituted in a District
Forum within the local limits of whose jurisdiction," (a) the opposite party or each of the opposite
parties, where there are more than one, at the time of the institution of the complaint, actually and
voluntarily resides or 2 [carries on business or has a branch office or] personally works for gain, or
(b) any of the opposite parties, where there are more than one, at the time of the institution of the
complaint, actually and voluntarily resides, or 3 [carries on business or has a branch office], or
personally works for gain, provided that in such case either the permission of the District Forum is
given, or the opposite parties who do not reside, or 4 [carry on business or have a branch office], or
personally work for gain, as the case may be, acquiesce in such institution; or (c) the cause of
action, wholly or in part, arises.

The Real Estate Development and Regulatory Act 2016 has come up with a solution to
provide quick resolution to the real estate property dispute. It made a provision for establishing a
separate forum, dedicated to RERA matters only.

The Act instructed all the states to establish a forum for accepting RERA complaints. The forum will
provide a solution within 60 days unless there is a specific reason for such a delay.

RERA follows a specified rule for application and procedure, which a property consultant shall
guide you in. Reach them on +91-9811782573 or send a mailrequesting for a callback.

APPLICATION

Complaints can be filed under Sec. 31 of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) ACt 2016,
either with the Real Estate Regulatory Authority or the adjudicating officer.

A complaint must be in the form prescribed as per the respective state government’s rules. If a
buyer’s rights are violated or any provisions of the Act is contravened then a complaint can be filed
under RERA in the format provided by the respective state government.

The complaint can be filed if the complainant is facing one or more of the following issues:

 Charged higher than the agreed amount.

 Did not give a receipt against the paid amount.
 Delivered a poor quality construction.
 Delivered a house that does not comply with the specifications agreed upon.
 Did not provide for free parking space within the compound/complex.
 Did not form co-operative housing society and handed it over to its members.
 Did not provide for the water storage tank.
 Did not provide for enough ventilation and light.
 Did not deliver the house within the agreed time limit. If time limit not mentioned, it is
assumed that the construction will be finished within a maximum of 2 years from the date
of start of work.
 Did not give accounts for the expenses against which the builder has collected money, i.e.
maintenance, electrical installations (transformer)
This list is not exhaustive, there can be several issues, for which the complaint can be filed against
promoters, allottees and/or real estate agents.

The application fees are decided by the State Legislature, the Central does not have any COntrol on
it.

THE IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE MENTIONED

Now, we know that we can file for an application before the forum, but the question remains
regarding the format of the application and the content of it.
Here is the points which are to be mentioned in the application which is to be formatted in a
specified way by your real estate property lawyer:

 Name of the complainant and details - address, identification and profession

 Accused name and details - address, identification and PAN number provided in the sale
deed of the flat or any receipt of the flat
 If it was registered under RERA, the registration number, or if it was under process, then
the temporary number.
 Flat number, address and other relevant details
 The total amount which has been invested on the flat
 The total cost of the flat to be brought or has been brought.
 If the possession is taken, then the date of possession, and if it is a matter of delay in
possession, then the promised date of possession.
 Any communication, if made to the builder personally or through legal notice.
 The relief sought
 The referral of any pending case regarding the project.
Anyhow the State Legislature is responsible to enact the procedure to file a case.

RERA IS USEFUL

The best part of the Act is that it is consumer friendly and looks into real estate cases only. It is more
competent to understand the relief a consumer may need and chances are high that the dispute is
resolved at the earliest.

These are some of the benefits of filing a complaint under RERA:

 Chances of expeditious disposal of complaints.

 The requirement of financial discipline by the promoters.
 Transparency.
 No ambiguity in area measurements.
 Promoters are liable for compensation for delayed delivery.
 Adjudicating mechanism to be in place.
It is relatively easy to file a complaint in states where there is a functioning authority with a website.
There is no specified list of documents required for filing but the agreement to sell, conveyance deed
(if any) and application form is essential.

If you have a complaint against the builder, send a notice to him in writing. Do not worry if he
refuses to accept your notice as only proof of sending is required. Send the notice by registered post
or Under Postal certificate. Retain the proof of sending.

You can simply contact +91-9811782573 or send a mail and let the real estate property experts of an
area handle the matter efficiently. The consultant shall take care of every legal proceeding, starting
from sending the legal notice to the successfully presenting the case before the forum.

RERA can provide imprisonment to an errant developer up to three years, or prescribe a fine, or
both; whereas consumer forum cannot imprison a developer, can only award a fine.

The real estate regulatory tribunal is the appellate body of the real estate regulatory authority;
whereas, for consumer forums, the civil courts are the appellate body, and further the case can be
taken to the High Court as well as to the Supreme Court.

Sir/Madam,

Reference is made to your Booking Cancellation Letter (Plot C-156) dated 17 Mar 2019.
As per above letter you office refunded me Rs=183720/- against Rs=229650/- after deduction of 20%.

As you said in your letter that the 20% amount is deducted as per mutual discussion. For your kind information
let me tell you that there was no mutual discussion regarding 20% of deposited amount, for this you may refer
my trailing mails between you and Highway Greens. Every times I, opposed for deduction and reminded as per
Agreement either in mails or conversation.

As there is a breach-of-contract Agreement and also your good office have cheated us,

We may initiate a legal action against you Dev Ganga Constructions Pvt. Ltd. and your Marketing Partners e.g.
Highway Greens under The Indian Contract Act, 1872. IPC Section 420. Consumer Protection Act and Real Estate
Development and Regulatory Act 2016.

waiting for your reply....

Anjana Maurya

W/o Virendra Maurya

Procedure, format and standards for issuance of TDS Certificate Form 16 Part B through TRACES: Income
Tax Notification 09/2019

F. No. Pr. DGIT(S)/CPC(TDS)/Notification/Part-B Form16/2019-20

Government of India
Ministry of Finance
Central Boa rd of Direct Taxes
Directorate of Income-tax (Systems) New Delhi

Notification No. 09/2019

New Delhi, 06th, May, 2019
Subject: Procedure, format and standards for issuance of certificate for tax deducted at
source in Part B of Form No. 16 in accordance with the provisions of section 203 of the
Income-tax Act, 1961 read with the Rule 31 of the Income-tax Rules, 1962 through
TRACES- reg.

Section 203 of the Income-tax Act.1961 ("the Act") read with the Rule 31 of the Income-tax Rules 1962 ("the
Rules") stipulates furnishing of certificate of tax deduction at source (TDS) by the deductor to the deductee
specifying therein the prescribed particulars such as amount of TDS, valid permanent account number (PAN)
of the deductee, tax deduction and collection account number (TAN) of the deductor, etc. The relevant forn1
for TDS certificate in case of deduction under section 192 of Chapter XVII-B of the Act is Forn1 No. 16 which
is to be issued annually. TDS Certificate in Form No 16 has two parts viz. Part A and Part B (Annexure). Part
A contains details of tax deduction and deposit and Part B (Annexure) contains details of income.

2. Vide Central Board of Direct Taxes Notification No. 36/2019 dated 12.04.2019, 'Pait B (Annexure) of Form
16' and 'Annexure II of Form no. 24Q' in Appendix II to the Income tax Rules, 1962 have been amended.
3. In exercise of the powers delegated by the Central Board of Direct Taxes, under sub-rule (6A) of Rule 31
of the Income-tax Rules, 1962, the Principal Director General of Income-tax (Systems) hereby specifies the
procedure, formats and standards for the purposes of generation and download of certificates from "TDS
Reconciliation Analysis and Cqrrection Enabling System" or (https://www.tdscpc.gov.in) (hereinafter called
TRACES Portal), as below:

3.1 ISSUE OF PART b OF FORM NO. 16 FOR DEDUCTION OF TAX AT SOURCE MADE ON OR AFTER
1st day of April, 2018:

All deductors (including Government deductors who deposit TDS in the Central Govemrnent Account through
book entry) shall be able to issue the TDS certificate in Part B of Form No. 16 (by •gel1eraticm and download
through TRACES Portal) in respect of all sums deducted on_or after the 1st day of April, 2018 under the
provisions of section 192 of Chapter XVll-B provided that the relevant TDS statement for the fourth quarter
i.e. Form 24Q is furnished alongwith duly filled in Annexure II of Form 24Q as substituted vide Central Board
of Direct Taxes Notification No. 36/2019 dated 12.04.2019. To ensure generation of accurate TDS certificate
in Part B of Form No. 16, the deductor(s) need to report correct data in Annexure II of Form 24Q. The
TRACES generated Form No. 16 shall have a unique TDS certificate number.

3.2 AUTHENTICATION OF TDS CERTIFICATE IN FORM NO. 16:

The deductor, issuing the TDS certificate in Form No. 16 by downloading it from the TRACES Portal, shall,
before issuing to the deductee authenticate the correctness of contents mentioned therein and verify the
same either by using manual signature or by using digital signature in accordance with sub-rule (6) of Rule
31.

3.3 'Part B (Annexure)' of Form No. 16 item nos. 2(f) and 10(k):

The item nos. 2(f) and 10(k) in Part B (Annexure) of Form 16 required to be filled-in by the deductor manually
shall be made available at the bottom of the TRACES generated Form 16 (Part B) and the deductor shall duly
fill details, where available, in item numbers 2(f) and 10(k) before furnishing of Part B (Annexure) to the
employee. The deductors who opt to authenticate Part B of Form No. 16 manually will be provided with the
download of the Part B of Form No. 16 alongwith these item nos. 2(f) and 10(k) appearing at the bottom of
the Form. The deductor shall duly fill details, where applicable, in item numbers 2(f) and 10(k) before
furnishing of Part B (Annexure) to the employee. The deductors who opt to authenticate Part B of Form No.
16 using Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) will be provided with the download of Part B of Form No. 16
without item nos. 2(f) and 10(k) and therefore these details shall be required to be prepared by the employer
and issued to the employee, where applicable, before furnishing of Part B to the employee.
3.4 Sub rule (3) of Rule 31 of the Income tax Rules, 1962 prescribes the time limit for issuance of Form 16 by
the deductor to the employee. Currently, Form 16 should be issued by 15'th June of the Financial Year
immediately following the financial year in which income was paid and tax deducted.
4. This issues with approval of the Principal Director General of Income-tax (Systems).

(Ravi Kant Choudhary)

JCIT (OSD) (CPC-TDS),
O!o the Pr. Director General oflncome-tax (Systems),
New Delhi

The agricultural crop year in India is from July to June.

 The Indian cropping season is classified into two main seasons- (i) Kharif and (ii) Rabi based on
the monsoon.
 The kharif cropping season is from July –October during the south-west monsoon and the Rabi
cropping season is from October-March (winter).

Radha Mohan Singh is the current Agriculture Minister of India.

Also Know About the Constituencies of Cabinet Ministers
CROPPING SEASONS IN INDIA
India has many growing seasons due to prevalence of high temperature through a long period.
Different crop seasons are:
(a) Kharif: Crops are sown at the beginning of the south-west monsoon and harvested at the end
of the south-west monsoon.
 Sowing seasons – May to July
 Harvesting season – September to October
 Important crops: Jowar, bajra, rice, maize, cotton, groundnut, jute, hemp, sugarcane, tobacco,
ete.
(b) Rabi: Crops need relatively cool climate during the period of growth but warm climate during
the germination of their seed and maturation.
 Sowing season – October to December
 Harvesting season – February to April
 Important crops: wheat, barley, gram, linseed, mustard, masoor, pea~ and potatoes.
(c) Zaid: Besides the kharif and rabi crops, there are certain crops which are being raised
throughout the year due to artificial irrigation.
 Zaid kharif crops are sown in August-September and harvested in December-January.
 Important crops: rice, jowar, rapeseed, cotton, oilseeds.
 Zaid rabi crops are sown in February-March. Harvesting is in April-May.
 Important crops: watermelon, toris, cucumber, leafy and other vegetables.
KNOW EVERYTHING ABOUT TYPES OF SOILS IN INDIA
Fact about Indian Agriculture
 India ranks second in agricultural output and India is in top five positions for about 80 percent
of products produced from farm.
 The main food grain of India is rice. India ranks second worldwide in rice production. West
Bengal is the top state in rice production followed by Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab,
and Bihar. Central rice research institute is located in Cuttack, Odisha.
 India ranks fourth in wheat production. Uttar Pradesh is the highest wheat producing state of
India.
 Some of the millets produced in India are Bajra, Jowar, Ragi. Maharashtra is the highest Jowar
producer in India. In Bajra production Rajasthan and in Ragi production Karnataka ranks first.
 India is the second most tea producing country and in India Assam is the most tea producing
state. Karnataka is the highest coffee producing state.
 Sugarcane is one of the main crops produced by India. Uttar Pradesh is the key state in
producing sugarcane. Central research centre for sugarcane in located in Lucknow.
 Cotton and Jute are the main fiber crops produced in India. Maharashtra is the largest
producer of cotton and West Bengal is the largest producer of Jute.
 A leading program of Ministry of Agriculture is the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, which
was launched in 2007 on the recommendations of the National Development Council of
India. This program sought to improve the overall state of agriculture in India by providing
stronger planning, better co-ordination and greater funding to improve productivity and overall
output.

What is UNESCO?
Unesco World Heritage Sites in India-The United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). UNESCO has
195 member states and nine associate members. Most of its field offices are “cluster” offices covering
three or more countries; national and regional offices also exist.
UNESCO’s AIM
UNESCO’s aim is “to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable
development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication
and information“.
A World Heritage Site is a landmark which has been officially recognized by the United Nations,
specifically by the UNESCO. Sites are selected on the basis of having cultural, historical, scientific or
some other form of significance, and they are legally protected by international treaties.

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA

1. NATURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA
S Natural World Year of Area (In
No. Heritage Site State Notification Km2)

Kaziranga National
1 Park Assam 1985 429.96

Keoladeo Ghana
2 National Park Rajasthan 1985 28.73

Manas Wildlife
3 Sanctuary Assam 1985 391.00

Nanda Devi National

Park and Valley of 1982 630.00
4 Flowers Uttarakhand 2005 87.50

Sunderbans National
5 Park West Bengal 1984 1,330.10
 Maharashtra,
Goa,
Karnataka,
Tamil Nadu
and
6 Western Ghats Kerala 2012 1,60,000.00

Great Himalayan Himachal

7 National Park Pradesh 2014 905.4

2. CULTURAL WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA

Name of Cultural World Year of
S No. Heritage Site State Notification

1 Agra Fort Uttar Pradesh 1983

2 Ajanta Caves Maharashtra 1983

3 Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh 1989

Champaner-Pavagadh
4 Archaeological Park Gujarat 2004

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

5 (Formerly Victoria Terminus) Maharashtra 2004

6 Churches and Convents of Goa Goa 1986

7 Elephanta Caves Maharashtra 1987

8 Ellora Caves Maharashtra 1983

9 Fatehpur Sikri Uttar Pradesh 1986

10 Great Living Chola Temples Tamil Nadu 1987

11 Group of Monuments at Hampi Karnataka 1986

Group of Monuments at
12 Mahabalipuram Tamil Nadu 1984

Group of Monuments at
13 Pattadakal Karnataka 1987

Rajasthan
14 Hill Forts of Rajasthan (Chittorgarh, 2013
 Kumbhalgarh,
Ranthambhore,
Amber Sub-Cluster,
Jaisalmer, Gagnon)

15 Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi Delhi 1993

Khajuraho Group of
16 Monuments Madhya Pradesh 1986

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at

17 Bodh Gaya Bihar 2002

18 Mountain Railways of India Tamil Nadu 1999

Qutb Minar and its

19 Monuments, Delhi Delhi 1993

Rani-Ki-Van (the Queen’s

20 Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat Gujarat 2014

21 Red Fort Complex Delhi 2007

22 Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh 2003

23 Sun Temple, Konarak Orissa 1984

24 Taj Mahal Uttar Pradesh 1983

25 The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur Rajasthan 2010

Archaeological Site of Nalanda

Mahavihara (Nalanda
26 University) at Nalanda Bihar 2016

The Architectural Work of Le

Corbusier, an Outstanding
Contribution to the Modern
27 Movement Chandigarh 2016

Gothic and Art Deco

28 architecture Mumbai 2018

3. MIXED WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN INDIA

Name of Mixed World Year of
S No. Heritage Site State Notification
 Khangchendzonga National
1 Park Sikkim 2016

Major ports in India

Name of the Sea Port Coast State

Kandla Western Coast Gujarat

Mumbai Western Coast Maharashtra

Jawaharlal Nehru Western Coast Maharashtra

Marmugoa Western Coast Goa

Mangalore Western Coast Karnataka

Cochin Western Coast Kerala

Haldia Eastern Coast West Bengal

Paradip Eastern Coast Odisha

Vishakapatnam Eastern Coast Andhra Pradesh

Chennai Eastern Coast Tamil Nadu

Ennore Eastern Coast Tamil Nadu

Tuticorin Eastern Coast Tamil Nadu

Interesting Facts about Major Ports of India

 Kandla Port is located on the Gulf of Kutch. It is the largest port of India by volume of cargo
handled.
 Mormugao Port is the leading iron ore exporting port of India with an annual throughput of
around 27.33 million tonnes of iron ore traffic.
 Panambur is the site of seaport called New Mangalore Port.
 Paradip Port is an artificial and deep-water port.
 Ennore Port officially renamed Kamarajar Port Limited, is the only corporatized major port
and is registered as a company.
 Jawaharlal Nehru Port is the largest container port in India. It was formerly known as Nhava
Sheva port.
 New Mangalore Port is a deep-water all-weather port and the only major port of Karnataka.
 Tuticorin Port is an artificial deep-sea harbour of India.
 Madras Port is the one of the oldest port in India and the second largest port in the country.
 Mumbai Port handles one-fifth of India’s foreign trade with predominance in dry cargo and
mineral oil from the Gulf countries.
 Tuticorin Port is officially known as VO Chidambaranar Port.

There are Five Inland Waterways in India.

Inland
Waterway Stretch Rivers Length

Ganges-
National Allahabad – Bhagirathi-
Waterway – 1 Haldia Stretch Hooghly River 1620 Km

National Sadiya Dhubri Brahmaputra

Waterway – 2 Stretch River 891 Km

West Coast Canal

Kollam- and Champakara
National Kottapuram and Udyogmandal
Waterway – 3 Stretch canals 205 Km

Kakinada –
National Pondicherry Godavari and
Waterway – 4 Stretch Krishna 1095 Km

National Talcher – Dhamra Matai and

Waterway – 5 Stretch Mahanadi 623 Km
National Waterway 6 is the proposed waterway in Assam state and will connect Lakhimpur to
Bhangra in river Barak. The 121 km long waterway will help in trading between the town of Silchar
to Mizoram State.

Advantages of Inland Waterways

 Least transport cost for heavy and bulky cargos.
 The risks of accidents and breakdowns, in this form of transport, are minimum as compared to
any other form of transport.
 The capability of transporting a large number of cargos in one time from one destination to
another.
 A fuel efficient and environmentally friendly mode of transportation.
 It provides much more flexible service than railways and can be adjusted to individual
requirements.
 No need of huge investment for the infrastructure like other modes of transport and less annual
cost for maintenance of river channels.
 The cheapest means of transporting raw materials and finished goods of various industries
along the river banks.
 Attracts Tourists and also generated income for local people.
 Huge potential for the employment of a large number of people.

List of International Airports in India

Name of the Airport City State

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

International Airport Kolkata West Bengal

Lal Bahadur Shastri International

Airport Varanasi Uttar Pradesh

Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport Lucknow Uttar Pradesh

Tiruchirapalli International Airport Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu

Civil Aerodrome Coimbatore Tamil Nadu

Chennai International Airport Chennai Tamil Nadu

Jaipur International Airport Jaipur Rajasthan

Zaruki International Airport Shillong Meghalaya

Pune Airport Pune Maharashtra

Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar International

Airport Nagpur Maharashtra
Chhatrapati Shivaji International
Airport Mumbai Maharashtra

Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport Indore Madhya Pradesh

Raja Bhoj Airport Bhopal Madhya Pradesh

Trivandrum International Airport Thiruvananthapuram Kerala

Calicut International Airport Kozhikode Kerala

Cochin International Airport Kochi Kerala

Mangalore Airport Mangalore Karnataka

Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru Karnataka

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International

Airport Ahmedabad Gujarat

Andaman and the Nicobar

Veer Savarkar International Airport Port Blair Islands

Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi Delhi

Gaya Airport Gaya Bihar

Biju Patnaik International Airport Bhubaneshwar Odisha

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi

International Airport Guwahati Assam

Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International

Airport Amritsar Punjab

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad Telangana

 Indian Cities and Their Nicknames
City State Nickname/Nicknames

Agra Uttar Pradesh Taj Nagari

Ahmedabad Gujarat  Boston of India

 Manchester of India

 Abode of the God

Allahabad Uttar Pradesh  Sangam City
 City of Prime Ministers

Amritsar Punjab Golden City

Asansol West Bengal Land of Black Diamond

 Electronic City of India

 Garden City of India
 Silicon Valley of India
 Pensioners Paradise
 Space City
Bengaluru Karnataka  Science city of India
 IT Capital of India

Bhagalpur Bihar The Silk City of India

Bhopal Madhya Pradesh City of Lakes

Indore Madhya Pradesh Mini Mumbai

Bhubaneswar Odisha Temple City of India

Chandigarh Chandigarh The City Beautiful

 Gateway of South India

 Detroit of Asia
Chennai Tamil Nadu  Auto Hub of India
 Health Capital of India
 City State Nickname/Nicknames

 Textile City of India

Coimbatore Tamil Nadu  Manchester of South India
 The Pump City

Coorg Karnataka Scotland of India

Darjeeling West Bengal The Queen of the Hills

Dhanbad Jharkhand The Coal Capital of India

Shillong Meghalaya Scotland of East

Dibrugarh Assam Tea City of India

Durgapur West Bengal Ruhr of India

Gandhinagar Gujarat Green city

Guwahati Assam Gateway of North East India

Nilgiri Tamil Nadu Blue Mountains

 City of Pearls
 City of Nizams
Hyderabad Telangana  World Capital of Biryani
 HITECH City

 Pink City
Jaipur Rajasthan  Paris of India
 City of Palaces

Jaisalmer Rajasthan Golden City of India

Jamshedpur Jharkhand  Steel City of India

 Pittsburgh of India
 City State Nickname/Nicknames

Kanpur Uttar Pradesh  Leather City of the World

 Manchester of North India

Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir Switzerland of India

Kochi Kerala  Gateway to Kerala

 Queen of the Arabian Sea

 City of Joy
 City of Palaces
 Cultural Capital of India
Kolkata West Bengal  Gateway of Eastern India
 Heaven of the Aged

Kolhapur Maharashtra City of Wrestlers

 Prince of Arabian sea

Kollam Kerala  Cashew Capital of the World
 Gateway to Backwaters

 Shiraz-e-Hind
 Constantinople of the East
Lucknow Uttar Pradesh  The Golden City of India
 City of Nawabs

 Athens of the East

 City of Festivals
 City of Four Junctions
Madurai Tamil Nadu  Temple city
 Sleepless City

Malda West Bengal Mango City

 Rome of the East

Mangalore Karnataka  Cradle of Indian Banking
 Gateway of Karnataka

 City of Seven Islands

 Financial Capital of India
 Maya Nagari
 City of Dreams
Mumbai Maharashtra  Gateway of India
 Hollywood of India
 City State Nickname/Nicknames

 Maximum City

Mundi Madhya Pradesh Power Hub City

Mussoorie Uttarakhand Queen of the Mountains

Mysore Karnataka  Heritage City

 Green City

Nagpur Maharashtra Orange City

Nainital Uttarakhand City of Lakes

New Delhi Delhi City of Rallies

Patiala Punjab Royal City

Panipat Haryana  City of Weavers

 City of Handloom

Pondicherry Puducherry Paris of the East

Prayag Uttar Pradesh Abode of the God

Pune Maharashtra Queen of Deccan

Purulia West Bengal Manbhum City

Rishikesh Uttrakhand  City of Sages

 Yoga City

Siliguri West Bengal  Gateway to the Dooars

 City of Hospitality
 City State Nickname/Nicknames

Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir City of lakes

Tezpur Assam City of Blood

Thane Maharashtra City of Lakes

 Rock Fort City

 Energy equipment and
Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu fabrication capital of India
 Tucker Trichy

 City of Paddy fields

Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu  Oxford city of South India
 Halwa city of India

 White City
Udaipur Rajasthan  City of Lakes
 Venice of the East

 Spiritual capital of India

 Religious capital of India
 City of Lights
 City of Temples
 City of Learning
Varanasi Uttar Pradesh  Oldest living city on Earth
 Holy City

Jodhpur Rajasthan  Blue City

 Sun City

 Wine capital of India

Nasik Maharashtra  Grape city of India
 California of India

 Diamond City Of India

Surat Gujarat  City Of Diamonds
 Textile city Of India

 Cultural City Of India

 Sayaji Nagari
Vadodara Gujarat  Banyan City
 World Capital Of Garba
 City State Nickname/Nicknames

Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh City Of Destiny

Kakinada Andhra Pradesh  Pensioners Paradise

 City of Kaja

Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh The Place of Victory

Bhimavaram Andhra Pradesh  Second Bardoli of India

 City of Prawns

Rajahmundry Andhra Pradesh Cultural City

Guntur Andhra Pradesh City of Chillies

Vaniyambadi Tamil Nadu Leather city of South India

 City of Lakes
Warangal Telangana  City of Temples
 Second city of Nizam

Zunheboto Nagaland Land Of Warriors

Download – All the Nicknames of Indian Cities Indian Cities and Nick Names

Also Read – Complete List of Old and New Names of Cities and Countries