2015 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks

Design of Microstrip Low pass filter with Defected Ground Structure

Vivek Singh Kushwah
Dept. of Electronics,
Amity School of Engineering &
Technology, Gwalior, India
vivek_kushwah@rediffmail.com
Sarita Singh Bhadauria Geetam Singh Tomar
Dept. of Electronics, Machine Intelligence Research Labs,
Madhav Institute of Technology Thatipur, Gwalior, 474011 India
& Science, Gwalior, India gstomar@ieee.org
Saritamits61@gmail.com

Abstract — In this paper, a microstrip low pass filter has been also be designed using slotted structures on the line having
designed having circular shaped defects on ground structure defected microstrip structures [16]. Defected microstrip
(DGS). For obtaining the proposed defected ground structure, structure (DMS) resonator played a very important role for
two circular shaped defected ground structure are connected realization of microstrip filter by etching an open ring in the
by slot in the ground plane and three such defects are used for
microstrip line to eliminate the spurious response [17]. A lot
obtaining the design. The cut-off frequency of the designed
filter is 1.6 GHz which is useful for the purpose of L-Band of research is continuously going on in this field by
cellular communication. The highest insertion loss of the employing various novel techniques in DGS or DMS, so
proposed filter is 31 dB and maximum return loss of 79 dB is that these techniques may also be applied in many RF or
obtained. IE3D 14.1 simulation software is used for obtaining microwave applications such as microstrip antenna and
the result. filters[18],[19].
Keywords- Microstrip Low Ppass Filters, DGS, Return loss, In this paper, a new circular shape DGS is proposed
IE3D EM Simulation, Insertion loss for the Microstrip Low Pass Filter design. The application
of circular shape DGS unit is to provide sharp cut off
I. INTRODUCTION frequency response as well as a good performance in the
Defected ground structure has turned into one of the most pass band and the stopband.
interesting field of research in millimeter, microwave and
II. DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP LOW PASS FILTER
Radio Frequency wave applications [1], [2]. It is being used
USING CIRCULAR SHAPE DEFECTED GROUND
in RF and microwave circuit design such as microstrip
STRUCTURE
antennas, microstrip filters, and power dividers. The
minimum loss, high selectivity, high elimination and low The proposed DGS unit is obtained by etching a slot
spurious frequency band are main features of such designs. between two circular shapes defected ground structure in the
A large number of microstrip filters have been proposed and ground plane, as shown in Figure 1.
designed for obtaining the desired parameters [11].
Different types of DGS are designed by etching slot (s) on
the ground plane [7]. DGS design have good resonant
character of the structure and its resonant frequency can be
altered by changing the shape and size of the slot. There is
an enormous development in terms of defected shapes such
as L-shaped, dumbbell, periodic, fractal, circular and spiral
[4], [9]. The microstrip low-pass filter with U-Shaped DGS
had tried to provide compact size and to improve transition
sharpness with some improvement in insertion loss by using
three cascaded structure [5]. The microstrip low pass filter
using double equilateral U-shaped defected ground structure
has also been proposed with wide Stop band [6]. A
technique was developed for controlling the stop band of
microstrip low pass filter using a new multi ring defected
ground structures which has two square close-ring
resonators[8]. Defected microstrip structures have also used
in construction of microstrip UWB bandpass filter [13].
Such type of UWB filter consists of a cascade connection of
new bandpass DMS resonators. Broadband filters had been
designed by using suitably chosen impedances of
Figure1. A constituent of circular shaped defected ground structure and its
transmission lines. Microstrip hairpin band pass filter had equivalent circuit
also designed using defected ground structure and open
stubs [14]. Stop band properties of DGS and open stubs DGS unit has slot length 10 mm, slot width 1 mm and
offer broad stop band nature of filter. Microstrip filters can the radius of the circular shape structure is 2 mm. The

978-1-5090-0076-0/15 $31.00 © 2015 IEEE 12

DOI 10.1109/CICN.2015.11
resonant characteristics of the circular DGS are mainly Width of resonators= 1mm.
affected by its radius. Figure 1 represents proposed DGS Characteristic impedance 50Ω line width=2.9 mm.
cell and its equivalent resonant circuit. If ω0 is the angular Characteristic impedance 50Ω line length=5 mm.
resonance frequency, Z0 is the characteristic impedance of Defected ground structure Dimensions of the filter
the microstrip transmission line and ωc is the 3-dB cutoff Radius of the circle shape DGS (r) = 2 mm,
frequency. Then the corresponding resonant (L-C-R) Slot length (lc) of middle DGS=3 mm,
parameters of the proposed structure are calculated as given Slot length (l) of corner DGS=10 mm
below [2]. Slot width (s) of all three DGS=1 mm

= ()
2 ( −  )
1
= ()
4(
 ) 
2
= ()

1 1
− 2   −  − 1
| ( )| 

The circular shaped DGS has been used for low pass filter
design and spurious pass band suppression, though such
structures experience slow cutoff characteristic in certain
frequency bands [21]. To overcome this, H-shape open
stubs have been employed in single DGS cell to enhance
coupling capacitance between the microstrip line and the
circular DGS. Hence reduce the size of microstrip low pass
filter and improve the stop band characteristics. By adding
additional DGS cells for improving the out of band
suppression.
III. GENERAL IE3D DESIGN LAYOUT OF DGS
MICROSTRIP FILTER AND SIMULATED RESULTS
Figure 2(a) and 2(b) represents the top and ground
layer IE3D design layout of proposed microstrip low pass
filter. The equivalent circuit of the proposed microstrip low Figure 2(a). Outer layer of the proposed microstrip low pass filter
pass filter is shown in Figure 2(c) with optimized
dimensions based on the analysis of unit cell. The simulated
result of simple microstrip low pass filter without any
defected ground structure (DGS) is illustrated in Figure 3
and the simulated performance of microstrip low pass filter
with three circular shaped DGS is shown in Figure 4. The
length of stub is directly proportional to its parallel
equivalent capacitance. While increasing the length of stub,
capacitance increased. Due to such type of larger
capacitance, the out of band suppression will turn into lower
and the pass band to stop band attenuation slop will be
converted into sharper. Microstrip filter is fabricated on an
FR4 dielectric substrate having following design
parameters.
Dielectric constant=4.4
Substrate thickness=1.6 mm.
Cut-off frequency=1.6 GHz
Top structure Dimensions of the filter:
Total length of Filter (L) = 13.5 mm. Figure 2(b). Ground layer of the proposed microstrip low pass filter
Total width of Filter (W) = 8 mm.
Spacing between resonators = 3.5 mm.
Length of resonators=8 mm.

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 Figure 2(c). Equivalent RLC Circuit of the proposed low pass filter

Figure 3 and Figure 4 represent the comparison of Simple

and proposed Defected Ground (DGS) design It is clear
from the results obtained from simulation that DGS Figure 4.Simulated result of the proposed microstrip low pass filter with
structure exhibits more sharp and accurate response as DGS
compared to simple design. The maximum insertion loss of .
the simple microstrip filter is 20 dB and maximum return
loss is 72 dB as shown in Figure 3 whereas the highest
insertion loss of the proposed microstrip filter using DGS
structure is 31 dB and maximum return loss is 79 dB as
shown in Figure 4. Hence it is clearly distinguished that
DGS design is much better as compared to simple design.
Figure 5 exhibits the phase response of the proposed DGS
design which shows the phase or group delay properties of
the DGS design. Smith Chart of the proposed DGS filter
design is shown in Figure 6 which shows the impedance
matching properties of the proposed DGS microstrip
lowpass filter.

Figure 5.Phase Response of the proposed microstrip low pass filter

Figure 3.Simulated result of simple microstrip low pass filter without DGS

Figure 6.Smith Chart of the proposed microstrip low pass filter

IV. CONCLUSION
It is obvious from the performance graph of the
proposed design of microstrip filter that the half power cut-

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