Terminologia Neuroanatomica

TERMINOLOGIA NEUROANATOMICA
International Neuroanatomical Terminology
FIPAT
The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology
A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA)
Bibliographic Reference Citation:

FIPAT. Terminologia Neuroanatomica. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for
Anatomical Terminology, February 2017
Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019).
License:
The publication of Terminologia Neuroanatomica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives
4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license
The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part
of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this
terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by
users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other
works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a
derivative work.
Preface
The TNA is a recent revision of the terminology on the Central Nervous System (CNS; Systema
nervosum centrale), the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS; Systema nervosum periphericum) and the
Sensory Organs (Organa sensuum) [1]. These were abstracted from the Terminologia Anatomica [2] and
the Terminologia Histologica [3] and were extensively updated by the FIPAT Neuroanatomy Working
Group, and merged to form a Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA). Because of its clinical and functional
significance, the TNA includes the blood supply to the CNS (Vasa sanguinea encephali and Vasa
sanguinea medullae spinalis) to ensure it contains a more or less complete list of terms for the human
nervous system. The document is divided into three chapters (see below). The official FIPAT terms are in
Latin. This enables translation into any vernacular, in the present instance English. The Latin terms have
been reviewed by members of the FIPAT Latin Subcommittee.
The following general notes outline the major changes in the CNS Section:
(1) Throughout the document, the subdivision of Neurons proposed by Bota and Swanson [4] is used,
following the Brain Architecture Management System (BAMS; http://brancusi.usc.edu/bkms), and
including Sensory neurons, Interneurons (Short and Long) and Motoneurons. The Short interneurons are
subdivided into Excitatory and Inhibitory interneurons. The category Interneuron longiaxonicum comprises
the Interneurons that are usually described as Projection, Commissural and Association neurons.
(2) For the White matter tracts, the Foundation Model of Connectivity [5] is followed for a better
presentation. The following subdivision is used: (a) Radices centrales (Central roots) for the Cranial and
Spinal nerve roots within the CNS; (b) Tractus proprii (Intrinsic tracts) remaining within a certain
compartment of the CNS such as the Spinal cord;( c) Tractus commissurales (Commissural connections);
and (d) Tractus longi (Longitudinal tracts) divided into Tractus ascendentes, Tractus efferentes cerebelli
and Tractus descendentes.
(3) A Section Vasa sanguinea is added, a modernized version of the relevant part of the TA Section
Systema cardiovasculare. Clinical subdivisions of the Arteria carotis interna (C1-C7), Arteria cerebri
anterior (A1-A5), Arteria cerebri media (M1-M4), Arteria vertebralis (V1-V4) and Arteria cerebri posterior
(P1-P4) are added. For consistency, it is advocated to return to PNA/NA terms for the Arteriae cerebelli
and the Venae cerebri.
(4) For the Spinal cord, the order of presentation is changed from Posterior (Dorsal) to Anterior (Ventral)
to be consistent with the presentation of the Rexed layers from I-X, and for consistency with other
sections. The known Typi neurales (Neuron types) are added and the Substantia alba (White matter) is
subdivided into Radices centrales, Tractus proprii and Tractus longi (Tractus ascendentes and Tractus
descendentes).
(5) For the Brain stem, the various nuclei are rearranged according to their connectivity, following the third
edition of Olszewski and Baxter [6]: Nuclei somatosensorii, Nuclei viscerosensorii, Nuclei vestibulares,
Nuclei acustici, Nuclei somatomotorii, Nuclei branchiomotorii, Nuclei visceromotorii, Nuclei reticulares,
Nuclei neuromodulatorii (Serotonergic, Adrenergic, Noradrenergic, Cholinergic and Dopaminergic cell
groups), Nuclei limbici and Nuclei precerebellares. The TA Section Aggregationes cellularum
chemergicarum is replaced to where these terms belong: Brain stem, Diencephalon, Hypothalamus,
Basal forebrain and Olfactory bulb. The Substantia alba is subdivided into Radices centrales, Tractus
proprii and Tractus longi (Tractus ascendentes, Tractus efferentes cerebelli and Tractus descendentes).
(6) For the Mesencephalon, the following subdivision is used: Pedunculus cerebri (the Long corticofugal
fibres), Tegmentum mesencephali (including the Substantia nigra and the Ventral tegmental area),
Substantiae centrales mesencephali and Tectum mesencephali.
(7) In the Section Cerebellum, the terminology of the Lobuli is simplified, the Zonal, sagittal organization
of Corticonuclear projections is introduced and the composition of the Pedunculi cerebellares is added.
(8) A more natural hierarchical classification of brain structures is used for the Prosencephalon
(Forebrain) as implemented in the revised version of the Terminologia Embryologica (TE2). The Forebrain
is subdivided into the Caudal prosencephalon, giving rise to the Caudal diencephalon (Pretectum,
Thalamus with Epithalamus, and Prethalamus), and a Rostral prosencephalon, giving rise to the
Hypothalamus (Rostral diencephalon) and the entire Telencephalon. The Telencephalon is divided into
the Pallium and the Subpallium (Striatum, Pallidum, Basal forebrain and Preoptic area). For practical
FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA 2
reasons, the Preoptic area is listed following the Hypothalamus.
(9) The Diencephalon in its classic, columnar view was divided into four dorsoventrally arranged columns
separated by ventricular sulci: the Epithalamus, the Dorsal thalamus, the Ventral thalamus and the
Hypothalamus. Extensive embryological studies made it clear that the thalamic ‘columns’ are derived from
transversely oriented zones, the Prosomeres (see TE2). Currently, the (Caudal) Diencephalon is
subdivided into three segmental units, which from caudal to rostral, contain in their alar domains the
Pretectum (Prosomere 1 or P1), the Epithalamus and the Thalamus (P2) and the Ventral thalamus or
Prethalamus (P3). The diencephalic basal plate (P1-P3) contains the rostral part of the Substantia nigra –
VTA complex and the Nucleus interstitialis (Nucleus of Cajal), the Nucleus interstitialis rostralis fasciculi
longitudinalis medialis, and the Nucleus ellipticus (Nucleus of Darkschewitsch), collectively forming the
Diencephalic or Prerubral tegmentum between the Mesencephalon and the Hypothalamus. The entire
Hypothalamus arises from the alar and basal components of the Secondary prosencephalon. The
Preoptic area is one of the subpallial developmental domains.
(10) For the Thalamic nuclei, a new subdivision based on Hirai and Jones [7] and updated by Morel et al.
[8] is introduced.
(11) The description of the Morphologia externa (External features) of the Cerebral hemisphere is
extended, including many newly discovered subdivisions. Macroscopically visible Olfactory structures are
included here. A more extensive discussion of the Allocortex is provided.
(12) The description of the Morphologia interna (Internal features) of the Cerebral cortex follows the
embryological subdivision of the Pallium into four parts. The Pallium dorsale gives rise to the Isocortex or
Neocortex, the Pallium laterale to the Claustro-insular complex, the Pallium mediale to the Formatio
hippocampi and the Pallium ventrale to the Olfactory cortex and the Pallial amygdala. Where possible,
Typi neurales are added, starting from the TH terminology. Isocortical neurons are subdivided into
Pyramidal neurons (Projection, Commissural and Association neurons) and Excitatory and Inhibitory
interneurons. For the Inhibitory, mainly GABAergic, interneurons, the Petilla terminology [9] is introduced.
The terminology of Fibrae associationes telencephali has been modernized, implementing DTI studies.
(13) Under the heading Subpallium, the Corpus amygdaloideum, the Pars basalis telencephali proprii and
the Nuclei basales are listed with Typi neurales and Substantia alba.
The following general notes outline the major changes in the PNS Section:
(1) The Terminationes effectoriae (Effector nerve endings) and Receptores sensorii (Sensory receptors)
were added to the Nomina generalia of PNS, and not treated as a separate Section. Some terms were
taken from the Section Integumentum commune or the Systema musculare.
(2) All Communicating branches that are readily apparent and all those known to have functional
significance are included. Any Communicating branches that are difficult to demonstrate or have no
known function are deleted. The Communicating branches are listed as branches of the nerve at their
central (proximal) end. Following the proposal of the Informatics Working Group [10], their naming is
simplified, eliminating prepositions (ad and cum); TA terms are added as Related terms.
(3) Branches of Parasympathetic ganglia are listed in the Section Divisio autonomica (Autonomic nervous
system), although some are mixed nerves.
(4) To the Section Pars thoracolumbalis, the Pars sympathica of the Divisio autonomica, two additional
Subsections are added to include other parts of the Autonomic division that contain sympathetic neurons
and postganglionic sympathetic fibres: (a) The Ganglia paravertebralia of the Thorax and Abdomen; and
(b) Perivascular plexuses and their branches that contain postganglionic fibres.
(5) The Section Pars craniosacralis, the Pars parasympathica of the Divisio autonomica, includes three
subdivisions that contain parasympathetic ganglia and nerve branches that contain parasympathetic
fibres to visceral organs: (a) Cranial parasympathetic ganglia and their branches; (b) the two Vagal trunks
and their branches; and (c) the Pelvic splanchnic nerves. The Pelvic ganglia are replaced in the Section
Plexus viscerales because they are not classic parasympathetic ganglia.
(6) The Section Plexus viscerales includes Visceral plexuses that contain sympathetic and
parasympathetic fibres and small ganglia associated with these plexuses. These ganglia were formerly
considered parasympathetic ganglia, but have been shown to contain also many neurons that are not
classically sympathetic or parasympathetic.
(7) The Plexus entericus was separated from the Plexus viscerales et ganglia visceralia of TA because
this intramural plexus of the digestive canal is usually considered a nervous system separate from the
Autonomic or Peripheral nervous system: the Systema nervosum entericum (Enteric nervous system). As
this Plexus is located within organs of the Digestive system.
References
1. Ten Donkelaar HJ et al, 2017. Towards a Terminologia Neuroanatomica. Clin Anat, in press.
2. FCAT. 1998. Terminologia Anatomica. Stuttgart: Thieme.
3. FICAT. 2008. Terminologia Histologica. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
4. Bota M, Swanson LW 2007. The neuron classification problem. Brain Res Rev 56:79-88
5. Swanson LW, Bota M 2010. Foundation model of structural connectivity in the nervous system
with a schema for wiring diagrams, connectome, and basic plan architecture. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 107:20610-20617
6. Büttner-Ennever JA, Horn AKE, eds, 2014. Olszewski and Baxter’s Cytoarchitecture of the Human
Brainstem, 3rd ed. Karger, Basel
7. Hirai T, Jones EG 1989. A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical
staining. Brain Res Rev 14:1-34
8. Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D 1997. Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human
thalamus. J Comp Neurol 387:618-677
9. DeFelipe J et al. 2013 New insights into the classification and nomenclature of cortical GABAergic
interneurons. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:557-568
10. Neumann PE, Baud R, Sprumont P 2017. Human anatomy nomenclature rules for the computer
age. Clin Anat, in press
Hans J ten Donkelaar

Coordinator TNA
Acknowledgements
Financial
FIPAT wishes to thank the Dalhousie University Libraries for covering the costs of publication, and all the
institutions, sections, departments, Societies and Associations that materially and financially supported its
members in their work.
Academic
FIPAT meetings were held in conjunction with and thus assisted by the 18th Congress of the International
Federation of Associations of Anatomists [Beijing, August 8-10, 2014], the 24th International Symposium
on Morphological Sciences [Istanbul, September 2-6, 2015] and the 111th Meeting of the Anatomische
Gesellschaft [Göttingen, September 21-24, 2016].
FIPAT wishes to thank the following Experts/Consultants who assisted the TNA Working Group during its
deliberations: Karl Zilles, Heiko Braak, Jean A. Büttner-Ennever, Axel Brehmer and Jürgen Mai
[Germany]; Jan Voogd, Henk J. Groenewegen, Tom J.H. Ruigrok, Ronald Bleys, Hans Cruysberg and
Rudolf Nieuwenhuys [The Netherlands]; Jean Schoenen [Belgium]; Gunnar Grant [Sweden]; Ricardo
Insausti [Spain]; Marina Quartu and Roberto Fadda [Italy]; Rastislav Druga and David Kachlik [Czech
Republic]; Marco Catani [UK]; Andras Csillag [Hungary]; Maciej Ciolkowski [Poland]; Clifford B. Saper,
Duane E. Haines, Matthew Carlson and Gordon M. Shepherd [USA]; Frank Smith and Rob Brownstone
[Canada]; with the aid and support of the Officers of FIPAT [John Fraher (Chairman), Pierre Sprumont
(Secretary) and Paul E. Neumann (Deputy Secretary)] and the Latin Subcommittee [John Fraher
(Ireland), Paul E. Neumann, Pierre Sprumont (Switzerland), and Alessandro Riva].
While the individuals acknowledged here gave expert advice, the final Terminology is the responsibility of
FIPAT
Neuroanatomy Working Group

Hans J. ten Donkelaar, Coordinator [The Netherlands]
Jonas Broman [Sweden]
Paul E. Neumann [Canada]
Luis Puelles [Spain]
Alessandro Riva [Italy]
R. Shane Tubbs [USA]
Contents
Front-Matter
• Title
• License
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• User Guide
Caput I: Systema nervosum centrale Chapter 1: Central nervous system

• Textus nervosus • Nervous Tissue
• Meninges • Meninges
• Vasa sanguinea cerebrospinalia • Blood supply of brain and spinal cord
• Medulla spinalis • Spinal cord
• Encephalon • Brain
Truncus encephali Brain stem
Cerebellum Cerebellum
Prosencephalon Forebrain
Caput II: Systema nervosum periphericum Chapter 2: Peripheral nervous system

• Nervi craniales • Cranial nerves
• Nervi spinales • Spinal nerves
• Divisio autonomica • Autonomic division
Caput III: Organa sensuum Chapter 3: Sense organs

• Organum olfactorium • Olfactory organ
• Organum visuale (Oculus) • Visual organ (Eye)
• Organum vestibulocochleare (Auris) • Vestibulocochlear organ (Ear)
• Organum gustatorium • Gustatory organ
User Guide
In accordance with the decision at the Istanbul meeting of FIPAT (2015), and as with the other FIPAT
terminologies, a new, 6-column format has been adopted. The six columns comprise the official Latin
term, Latin synonym(s) where relevant, English (UK and US) terms and English synonym(s) where
relevant. The final column includes related terms, eponyms, directional notes, and references to
endnotes. The endnotes are placed in a separate section at the end of each Chapter.
Each term is in the singular, except where it is a heading of a list, in which case the plural is appropriate.
Parentheses are used to enclose terms for structurres which are inconstant. Where a structure is
sexually dimorphic, the female homolog is identified by ♀ and the male homolog by ♂.
Indenting and styles of heading are used to indicate the relations of terms to one another (see below).
Headings 5, 7, 8 and 9 are only used where more than five hierarchical levels of headings is required.
Top Heading
Heading 2
Heading 3
HEADING 4
HEADING 5
Heading 6
Heading 7
Heading 8
Heading 9
Non-term heading
Term
Term
Term
FIPAT
TNA, Chapter I
Contents
Caput I: Systema nervosum centrale Chapter 1: Central nervous system

Textus nervosus Nervous Tissue
Meninges Meninges
Vasa sanguinea cerebrospinalia Blood supply of brain and spinal cord
Medulla spinalis Spinal cord
Encephalon Brain

FIPAT. Terminologia Neuroanatomica. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017
Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019)
Creative Commons License:

The publication of Terminologia Neuroanatomica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license
The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use
the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA
member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the
Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work.
Caput I: SYSTEMA NERVOSUM CENTRALE Chapter 1: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Latin term Latin synonym UK English US English English synonym Other

1 Systema nervosum Nervous system Nervous system
2 Textus nervosus Nervous tissue Nervous tissue
3 TEXTUS NERVOSUS TISSUE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS TISSUE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS For Textus nervosus periphericus
CENTRALIS SYSTEM SYSTEM see Nomina generalia of PNS..
4 Substantia grisea Grey matter Gray matter Grey substance; Gray
substance
5 Nucleus Nucleus Nucleus
6 Nucleus nervi cranialis Nucleus of cranial nerve Nucleus of cranial nerve
7 Nucleus originis Nucleus of origin Nucleus of origin
8 Nucleus terminationis Terminal nucleus Terminal nucleus
9 Nucleus nervi spinalis Nucleus of spinal nerve Nucleus of spinal nerve
10 Columna Column Column
11 Lamina Stratum Lamina Lamina Layer
12 Cortex Cortex Cortex
13 Neuropilus Neuropil Neuropil
14 Substantia alba White matter White matter White substance
15 Funiculus Funiculus Funiculus
16 Tractus Tract Tract
17 Tractus commissuralis Commissural tract Commissural tract
18 Tractus proprius Intrinsic tract Intrinsic tract
19 Tractus associationis Association tract Association tract
20 Tractus longus Tractus projectionis Long tract Long tract Projection tract
21 Tractus ascendens Ascending tract Ascending tract
22 Tractus descendens Descending tract Descending tract
23 Stria Stria Stria
24 Fasciculus Fasciculus Fasciculus Fascicle
25 Lemniscus Lemniscus Lemniscus
26 Decussatio Decussation Decussation
27 Commissura Commissure Commissure
28 Neurofibrae centrales Central nerve fibres Central nerve fibers
29 Neurofibra centralis afferens Afferent central nerve fibre Afferent central nerve fiber
30 Neurofibra centralis efferens Efferent central nerve fibre Efferent central nerve fiber
31 Neurofibra associationis Association nerve fibre Association nerve fiber
32 Neurofibra commissuralis Commissural nerve fibre Commissural nerve fiber
33 Neurofibra projectionis Projection nerve fibre Projection nerve fiber
34 Neurofibra internuncialis Internuncial nerve fibre Internuncial nerve fiber
35 Formatio reticularis Reticular formation Reticular formation
36 Ependyma Ependyma Ependyma
37 CELLULAE TEXTUS NERVOSI CELLS OF NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS OF NERVOUS TISSUE

38 Neura Neurons Neurons
FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 9

39 Neura sensoria Sensory neurons Sensory neurons
40 Neuron unipolare Unipolar neuron Unipolar neuron
41 Neuron pseudounipolare Pseudo-unipolar neuron Pseudounipolar neuron
42 Processus peripheralis Peripheral process Peripheral process
43 Processus centralis Central process Central process
44 Neuron bipolare Bipolar neuron Bipolar neuron
45 Interneura Neura internuncialia Interneurons Interneurons Internuncial neurons
46 Interneuron breviaxonicum Neuron multipolare breviaxonicum Interneuron with short axon Interneuron with short axon Local circuit interneuron; Multipolar Golgi type II neuron
neuron with short axon
47 Interneuron excitatorium Excitatory interneuron Excitatory interneuron
48 Interneuron inhibitorium Inhibitory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron
49 Interneuron longiaxonicum Neuron multipolare longiaxonicum Interneuron with long axon Interneuron with long axon Multipolar neuron with long axon Golgi type I neuron
Endnote 1
50 Neuron projectionis Projection neuron Projection neuron
51 Neuron commissurale Commissural neuron Commissural neuron
52 Neuron associationis Association neuron Association neuron
53 Motoneura Neura motoria Motor neurons Motor neurons Motoneurons
54 Motoneuron somaticum Somatic motor neuron Somatic motor neuron Somatic motoneuron;
Somatomotoneuron
55 Motoneuron branchiale Branchial motor neuron Branchial motor neuron Branchial motoneuron;
Branchiomotoneuron
56 Motoneuron viscerale Motoneuron autonomicum Visceral motor neuron Visceral motor neuron Visceral motoneuron; For Ganglionic parasympathetic
Visceromotoneuron; Autonomic and sympathetic motoneurons, see
motoneuron Nomina generalia of PNS.
57 Motoneuron parasympathicum Motoneuron parasympathicum Cranial parasympathetic motor Cranial parasympathetic motor Cranial parasympathetic
craniale craniale preganglionare neuron neuron motoneuron; Preganglionic cranial
parasympathetic motoneuron
58 Motoneuron parasympathicum Motoneuron parasympathicum Spinal parasympathetic motor Spinal parasympathetic motor Spinal parasympathetic
spinale spinale preganglionare neuron neuron motoneuron; Preganglionic spinal
59 Motoneuron sympathicum Motoneuron sympathicum Spinal sympathetic motor Spinal sympathetic motor Spinal sympathetic motoneuron;
spinale preganglionare neuron neuron Preganglionic sympathetic
motoneuron
60 Motoneuron neuroendocrinum Neuroendocrine motor neuron Neuroendocrine motor neuron Neuroendocrine motoneuron
61 Motoneuron neuroendocrinum Magnocellular neuroendocrine Magnocellular neuroendocrine Magnocellular neuroendocrine
magnocellulare motor neuron motor neuron motoneuron
62 Motoneuron neuroendocrinum Parvocellular neuroendocrine Parvocellular neuroendocrine Parvocellular neuroendocrine
parvocellulare motor neuron motor neuron motoneuron
63 Neuron afferens Afferent neuron Afferent neuron
64 Neuron efferens Efferent neuron Efferent neuron
65 Neuron secretorium Secretory neuron Secretory neuron
66 Substantia neurosecretoria Neurosecretory material Neurosecretory material
67 Vesicula neurosecretoria Neurosecretory vesicle Neurosecretory vesicle
68 Neuron pigmentosum Pigmented neuron Pigmented neuron
69 Neuron melaniferum Neuromelanocytus Neuromelanin cell Neuromelanin cell
70 Neuron Neuron Neuron

71 Neurolemma Neurolemma Neurolemma Neurilemma
72 Perikaryon Soma Nerve cell body Nerve cell body Neurosoma; Corpus neuronis
73 Gemmula somatica Somatic spine Somatic spine
74 Colliculus axonalis Axon hillock Axon hillock
75 Neurofibrilla Neurofibril Neurofibril
76 Neurofilamentum Neurofilament Neurofilament
77 Microtubulus neuralis Neurotubulus Neural microtubule Neural microtubule Neurotubule
78 Substantia chromatophilica Chromatophilic substance Chromatophilic substance
79 Processus neuralis Neuritus Neuronal process Neuronal process Neurite
80 Axon Axon Axon
81 Axolemma Axolemma Axolemma
82 Axoplasma Axoplasm Axoplasm
83 Segmentum initiale Initial segment Initial segment
84 Densitas subaxolemmalis Subaxolemmal density Subaxolemmal density
85 Ramus collateralis axonis Axon collateral Axon collateral
86 Ramus collateralis recurrens Recurrent axon collateral Recurrent axon collateral
axonis
87 Varicositas axonalis Axon varicosity Axon varicosity
88 Bulbus preterminalis Preterminal bouton Preterminal bouton Bouton en passant
89 Segmentum intervaricosum Intervaricose segment Intervaricose segment
90 Telodendron Terminal arborization Terminal arborization
91 Pes terminalis Terminal pedicle Terminal pedicle
92 Bulbulus terminalis Terminal bouton Terminal bouton
93 Terminatio calycealis axonis Calyx terminalis axonis Calyceal axonal ending Calyceal axonal ending Calciform terminal
94 Dendritum Dendrite Dendrite
95 Rami dendritici Dendritic branches Dendritic branches Dendritic shafts
96 Ramus dendriticus primarius Primary dendritic branch Primary dendritic branch
97 Ramus dendriticus secundarius Secondary dendritic branch Secondary dendritic branch
98 Ramus dendriticus tertiarius Tertiary dendritic branch Tertiary dendritic branch
99 Appendices dendriticae Dendritic appendages Dendritic appendages Dendritic appendices
100 Varicositas dendritica Dendritic varicosity Dendritic varicosity
101 Gemmulae dendriticae Dendritic spines Dendritic spines
102 Gemmula dendritica Dendritic spine Dendritic spine
103 Apparatus gemmularis Spine apparatus Spine apparatus
104 Gemmula sessilis Sessile spine Sessile spine Stubby spine
105 Gemmula longa Thin-necked spine Thin-necked spine
106 Caput gemmulae Spine head Spine head
107 Stipes gemmulae Spine stalk Spine stalk
108 Gemmula ramosa Branched spine Branched spine
109 Gemmula uncinata Crooked spine Crooked spine
110 Spinula dendritica Dendritic spinule Dendritic spinule
111 Terminatio calycealis Calyx terminalis dendriti Calyceal dendritic ending Calyceal dendritic ending
112 Terminationes neurales Nerve endings Nerve endings
113 Terminationes receptoriae Receptor nerve endings Receptor nerve endings
114 Terminatio neuralis libera Free nerve ending Free nerve ending
115 Terminatio neuralis tecta Encapsulated nerve ending Encapsulated nerve ending

116 Terminatio effectoria Effector nerve ending Effector nerve ending
117 Neuroglia Neuroglia Neuroglia

118 Gliocytus Glial cell Glial cell Gliocyte
119 Corpus gliocyticum Glial cell body Glial cell body
120 Processus gliocyticus Glial process Glial process
121 Pigmentum gliae Glial pigment Glial pigment
122 Gliocyti centrales Central glial cells Central glial cells Gliocytes
123 Ependymocyti Ependymal cells Ependymal cells Ependymocytes
124 Ependymocytus columnaris Columnar ependymal cell Columnar ependymal cell Columnar ependymocyte
125 Ependymocytus ciliatus Ciliated ependymal cell Ciliated ependymal cell Ciliated ependymocyte
126 Ependymocytus choroideus Choroid ependymal cell Choroid ependymal cell Choroid ependymocyte
127 Cellula supraependymalis Supra-ependymal cell Supraependymal cell
128 Tanycytus Tanycyte Tanycyte
129 Astrocyti Astroglia Astrocytes Astrocytes Astroglia
130 Astrocytus Astrocyte Astrocyte
131 Gliofilamentum Glial filament Glial filament
132 Astrocytus protoplasmicus Protoplasmic astrocyte Protoplasmic astrocyte
133 Astrocytus fibrosus Fibrous astrocyte Fibrous astrocyte
134 Processus pialis Pial process Pial process
135 Membrana limitans glialis Limiting membrane of Limiting membrane of
superficialis superficial glia superficial glia
136 Processus vascularis Vascular process Vascular process
137 Membrana limitans glialis Limiting membrane of Limiting membrane of
perivascularis perivascular glia perivascular glia
138 Oligodendrocyti Oligodendroglia Oligodendrocytes Oligodendrocytes Oligodendroglia
139 Oligodendrocytus Oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocyte
140 Processus myelinopoieticus Myelinating process Myelinating process
141 Oligodendrocytus Interfascicular oligodendrocyte Interfascicular oligodendrocyte
interfascicularis
142 Oligodendrocytus Intrafascicular oligodendrocyte Intrafascicular oligodendrocyte
intrafascicularis
143 Oligodendrocytus perifascicularis Perifascicular oligodendrocyte Perifascicular oligodendrocyte
144 Oligodendrocytus perivascularis Perivascular oligodendrocyte Perivascular oligodendrocyte
145 Oligodendrocytus satellitus Oligodendrocytus perineuronalis Satellite oligodendrocyte Satellite oligodendrocyte Perineural oligodendrocyte
146 Microgliocytus Microglia Microglial cell Microglial cell Microgliocyte
147 Gliocyti peripherici Peripheral glial cells Peripheral glial cells
148 Gliocytus ganglionicus Satellite cell Satellite cell Satellite glial cell
149 Schwannocyti Schwann cells Schwann cells Neurolemmocytus
(Neurolemmocyte)
150 Schwannocytus nonmyelinatus Nonmyelinating Schwann cell Nonmyelinating Schwann cell Neurolemmocytus nonmyelinatus
(Nonmyelinating neurolemmocyte)
151 Mesaxon Mesaxon Mesaxon
152 Schwannocytus myelinatus Myelinating Schwann cell Myelinating Schwann cell Neurolemmocytus myelinatus
(Myelinating neurolemmocyte)
153 Schwannocytus terminalis Cellula teloglialis Terminal Schwann cell Terminal Schwann cell Terminal glial cell Neurolemmocytus terminalis

(Terminal neurolemmocyte)
154 Tegumentum neuronale Neuronal sheath Neuronal sheath

155 Spatium periaxonale Periaxonal space Periaxonal space
156 Mesoaxon internum Inner mesaxon Inner mesaxon
157 Stratum myelini Myelin sheath Myelin sheath
158 Lamella myelini Myelin lamella Myelin lamella
159 Linea densa major Major dense line Major dense line
160 Fissura lineae densae majoris Fissure of major dense line Fissure of major dense line
161 Linea densa minor Linea intraperiodica Minor dense line Minor dense line Intraperiod line
162 Fissura lineae intraperiodicae Fissura intraperiodica Fissure of intraperiod line Fissure of intraperiod line Intraperiod gap
163 Mesaxon externum Outer mesaxon Outer mesaxon
164 Incisura myelini Myelin cleft Myelin cleft Myelin incisure Cleft of Schmidt-Lantermann
165 Nodus interruptionis myelini Myelin sheath gap Myelin sheath gap Node of Ranvier
166 Interdigitatio nodalis Nodal interdigitation Nodal interdigitation
167 Fissura nodalis Nodal gap Nodal gap
168 Substantia fissurae nodalis Nodal gap substance Nodal gap substance
169 Intumescentia nodalis axonis Nodal axon enlargement Nodal axon enlargement
170 Densitas axolemmalis nodi Axolemmal density Axolemmal density
171 Regio paranodalis Paranodal region Paranodal region
172 Manica lamellaris terminalis Terminal lamellar sleeve Terminal lamellar sleeve
173 Divisio lineae densae majoris Split of major dense line Split of major dense line
174 Divisio lineae interperiodicae Split of intraperiod line Split of intraperiod line Split of intermediate line
175 Infundibulum paranodale Paranodal pocket Paranodal pocket
176 Constrictio paranodalis axonis Paranodal constriction of axon Paranodal constriction of axon
177 Segmentum internodale Internodal segment Internodal segment
178 Synapses Synapses Synapses

179 Synapsis nonvesicularis Synapsis electrica Nonvesicular synapse Nonvesicular synapse Electrical synapse
180 Nexus Macula communicans Gap junction Gap junction
181 Synapses vesiculares Synapses chemicae Vesicular synapses Vesicular synapses Chemical synapses
182 Synapsis vesicularis Vesicular synapse Vesicular synapse
183 Pars presynaptica Presynaptic region Presynaptic region
184 Vesiculae synapticae Vesiculae presynapticae Synaptic vesicles Synaptic vesicles Presynaptic vesicles
185 Vesicula synaptica Vesicula presynaptica Synaptic vesicle Synaptic vesicle Presynaptic vesicle
186 Vinculum vesiculae Synaptic vesicle linking Synaptic vesicle linking
synapticae strand strand
187 Vesicula lucida rotunda Round clear vesicle Round clear vesicle Round electrolucent vesicle
188 Vesicula lucida plana Flat clear vesicle Flat clear vesicle Flat electrolucent vesicle
189 Vesicula densonuclearis Small dense-core vesicle Small dense-core vesicle
parva
190 Vesicula densonuclearis Large dense-core vesicle Large dense-core vesicle
magna
191 Neurotransmittens Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter
192 Zona activa Active zone Active zone
193 Cribrum presynapticum Presynaptic grid Presynaptic grid

194 Protuberantia conica Conical projection Conical projection
195 Membrana presynaptica Presynaptic membrane Presynaptic membrane
196 Densitas presynaptica Presynaptic density Presynaptic density
197 Fissura synaptica Synaptic cleft Synaptic cleft
198 Substantia intrafissuralis Synaptic cleft material Synaptic cleft material
199 Pars postsynaptica Postsynaptic region Postsynaptic region
200 Membrana postsynaptica Postsynaptic membrane Postsynaptic membrane Subsynaptic membrane
201 Densitas postsynaptica Postsynaptic density Postsynaptic density
202 Apparatus postsynapticus Postsynaptic apparatus Postsynaptic apparatus
203 Trama subsynaptica Subsynaptic web Subsynaptic web
204 Synapsis fasciolaris Ribbon synapse Ribbon synapse
205 Corpusculum synapticum Synaptic body Synaptic body
206 Fasciolus synapticus Synaptic ribbon Synaptic ribbon
207 Sphaera synaptica Synaptic sphere Synaptic sphere
208 Synapsis symmetrica Symmetrical synapse Symmetrical synapse Type 1 synapse Gray type 1 synapse
209 Synapsis asymmetrica Asymmetrical synapse Asymmetrical synapse Type 2 synapse Gray type 2 synapse
210 Synapsis alternans Reciprocal synapse Reciprocal synapse
211 Synapsis preteriens Synapse en passant Synapse en passant
212 Glomerulus synapticus Synaptic glomerule Synaptic glomerule
213 Synaptosoma Synaptosome Synaptosome
214 Synapses neuroneuronales Synapses interneuronales Neuroneuronal synapses Neuroneuronal synapses Interneuronal synapses
215 Synapsis axoaxonalis Axo-axonal synapse Axoaxonal synapse
216 Synapsis axodendritica Axodendritic synapse Axodendritic synapse
217 Synapsis axosomatica Axosomatic synapse Axosomatic synapse
218 Synapsis dendrodendritica Dendrodendritic synapse Dendrodendritic synapse
219 Synapsis somatodendritica Somatodendritic synapse Somatodendritic synapse
220 Synapsis somatosomatica Somatosomatic synapse Somatosomatic synapse
221 Synapsis excitatoria Excitatory synapse Excitatory synapse
222 Synapsis inhibitoria Inhibitory synapse Inhibitory synapse
223 Synapsis afferens Afferent synapse Afferent synapse
224 Synapsis efferens Efferent synapse Efferent synapse
225 Synapsis neuromuscularis Junctio neuromuscularis Neuromuscular synapse Neuromuscular synapse Neuromuscular junction; Motor end
plate
226 Synapsis neuroglialis Neuroglial synapse Neuroglial synapse
227 Synapses neuroglandulares Neuroglandular synapses Neuroglandular synapses
228 Synapsis extraparenchymatica Extraparenchymal synapse Extraparenchymal synapse Epilemmal synapse
229 Synapsis parenchymatica Parenchymal synapse Parenchymal synapse Hypolemmal synapse
230 Synapsis neurovascularis Neurovascular synapse Neurovascular synapse
231 Synapsis neurohaemalis Neurohaemal synapse Neurohemal synapse
232 Pars centralis Systema nervosum Central nervous system Central nervous system
centrale
233 Meninges Meninges Meninges
234 DURA MATER Pachymeninx DURA MATER DURA MATER Pachymeninx
235 Dura mater cranialis Dura mater encephali Cranial dura mater Cranial dura mater
236 Laminae Layers Layers

237 Pars periostea durae matris Endocranium Periosteal cranial dura mater Periosteal cranial dura mater Endocranium
cranialis
238 Pars meningea durae matris Meningeal cranial dura mater Meningeal cranial dura mater .
cranialis
239 Lamina neurothelialis durae Dural border cell layer Dural border cell layer
matris
240 Processus durae matris cranialis Processes of cranial dura mater Processes of cranial dura mater
241 Falx cerebri Falx cerebri Falx cerebri Cerebral falx
242 Tentorium cerebelli Tentorium cerebelli Tentorium cerebelli Cerebellar tentorium
243 Incisura tentorii Tentorial notch Tentorial notch Incisure of tentorium
244 Plica petroclinoidea anterior Anterior petroclinoid fold Anterior petroclinoid fold Endnote 2
245 Plica petroclinoidea posterior Posterior petroclinoid fold Posterior petroclinoid fold Endnote 3
246 Ligamentum petroclinoideum Ligamentum sphenopetrosum Petroclinoid ligament Petroclinoid ligament Superior sphenopetrous ligament Ligament of Gruber;
superius Endnote 4
247 Canalis nervi abducentis Abducens nerve canal Abducens nerve canal Canal of Dorello;
Endnote 5
248 Falx cerebelli Falx cerebelli Falx cerebelli Cerebellar falx
249 Diaphragma sellae Diaphragma sellae Diaphragma sellae Sellar diaphragm
250 Foramen diaphragmatis sellae Foramen of diaphragma sellae Foramen of diaphragma sellae Foramen of Pacchioni
251 Cavum trigeminale Trigeminal cave Trigeminal cave Trigeminal cavity Cavity of Meckel;
Endnote 6
252 Ligamentum petrolinguale Ligamentum sphenopetrosum Petrolingual ligament Petrolingual ligament Inferior sphenopetrous ligament
inferius
253 Porus trigeminus Trigeminal opening Trigeminal opening
254 Spatia Spaces Spaces
255 (Spatium epidurale) (Spatium extradurale) (Epidural space) (Epidural space) (Epidural space)
256 (Spatium subdurale) (Subdural space) (Subdural space) Endnote 7
257 Compartimentum supratentoriale Supratentorial compartment Supratentorial compartment
258 Compartimentum infratentoriale Infratentorial compartment Infratentorial compartment
259 Dura mater spinalis Spinal dura mater Spinal dura mater
260 Spatium epidurale Spatium peridurale Epidural space Epidural space Peridural space
261 Saccus durae matris spinalis Dural sac Dural sac Thecal sac
262 LEPTOMENINX LEPTOMENINX LEPTOMENINX

263 Arachnoidea mater Arachnoid Arachnoid Arachnoid mater
264 Lamina neurothelialis claustri Arachnoid barrier cell layer Arachnoid barrier cell layer
arachnoidei
265 Spatium subarachnoideum Spatium leptomeningeum Subarachnoid space Subarachnoid space Leptomeningeal space Endnote 8
266 Liquor cerebrospinalis Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid
267 Granulatio arachnoidea Arachnoid granulation Arachnoid granulation Granulation of Pacchioni
268 Macula cellularis Cellular macula Cellular macula
269 Colliculus cellularis Cellular colliculus Cellular colliculus
270 Trabecula arachnoidea Arachnoid trabecula Arachnoid trabecula
271 Protrusio neurothelialis Neurothelial protrusion Neurothelial protrusion
272 Villus arachnoideus Arachnoid villus Arachnoid villus
273 Capsula villi Capsule of villus Capsule of villus Villous capsule

274 Cupula apicalis Apical cap Apical cap
275 Cellula arachnoidea cupularis Arachnoid cap cell Arachnoid cap cell
276 Stratum cellularum Arachnoid cap cell layer Arachnoid cap cell layer
arachnoidearum cupularium
277 Cumulus cellularum Arachnoid cap cell cluster Arachnoid cap cell cluster
arachnoidearum cupularium
278 Cervix villi Collum villi Neck of arachnoid villus Neck of arachnoid villus
279 Centrum trabeculare villi Central core Central core
280 Arachnoidea mater cranialis Arachnoidea mater encephali Cranial arachnoid Cranial arachnoid Cranial arachnoid mater
281 Spatium subarachnoideum craniale Cranial subarachnoid space Cranial subarachnoid space
282 Cisternae subarachnoideae Subarachnoid cisterns Subarachnoid cisterns Endnote 9
283 Membranae intercisternales Intercisternal membranes Intercisternal membranes Endnote 10
284 Membrana intercisternalis Basal intercisternal membrane Basal intercisternal membrane
basalis
285 Cisternae infratentoriae Infratentorial cisterns Infratentorial cisterns Posterior fossa cisterns
286 Cisternae basales caudales Caudal basal cisterns Caudal basal cisterns
287 Cisterna premedullaris Premedullary cistern Premedullary cistern
288 Cisterna prepontina Prepontine cistern Prepontine cistern
289 Cisterna interpeduncularis Interpeduncular cistern Interpeduncular cistern
290 Cisternae laterales caudales Caudal lateral cisterns Caudal lateral cisterns
291 Cisterna cerebellomedullaris Lateral cerebellomedullary Lateral cerebellomedullary
lateralis cistern cistern
292 Cisterna cerebellopontina Cerebellopontine cistern Cerebellopontine cistern Cisterna pontocerebellaris
293 Cisterna meati acustici interni Cistern of internal acoustic Cistern of internal acoustic
meatus meatus
294 Cisterna ambiens Cisterna ambiens Cisterna ambiens Ambient cistern
295 Cisternae dorsales caudales Caudal dorsal cisterns Caudal dorsal cisterns
296 Cisterna cerebellomedullaris Cisterna magna Posterior cerebellomedullary Posterior cerebellomedullary Cisterna magna
posterior cistern cistern
297 Cisterna cerebellaris superior Superior cerebellar cistern Superior cerebellar cistern
298 Cisternae supratentoriae Supratentorial cisterns Supratentorial cisterns
299 Cisternae basales rostrales Rostral basal cisterns Rostral basal cisterns
300 Cisterna hypophysialis Hypophysial cistern Hypophysial cistern
301 Cisterna chiasmatica Chiasmatic cistern Chiasmatic cistern
302 Cisterna laminae terminalis Cistern of lamina terminalis Cistern of lamina terminalis
303 Cisternae laterales rostrales Rostral lateral cisterns Rostral lateral cisterns
304 Cisterna carotica Carotid cistern Carotid cistern
305 Cisterna olfactoria Olfactory cistern Olfactory cistern
306 Cisterna fossae lateralis cerebri Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa Cistern of lateral cerebral fossa Sylvian cistern
307 Cisterna valleculae cerebri Cistern of cerebral vallecula Cistern of cerebral vallecula
308 Cisterna sulci centralis Cistern of central sulcus Cistern of central sulcus
309 Cisternae dorsales rostrales Rostral dorsal cisterns Rostral dorsal cisterns
310 Cisterna quadrigeminalis Cisterna venae cerebri magnae Quadrigeminal cistern Quadrigeminal cistern Cistern of great cerebral vein Superior cistern; Waterbed of
Hilton
311 Cisterna fissurae transversae Cisterna veli interpositi Cistern of transverse fissure Cistern of transverse fissure Cistern of velum interpositum
312 Cisterna pericallosa Pericallosal cistern Pericallosal cistern

313 Arachnoidea mater spinalis Spinal arachnoid Spinal arachnoid Spinal arachnoid mater
314 Spatium subarachnoideum spinale Spinal subarachnoid space Spinal subarachnoid space
315 Septum subarachnoideum Dorsal subarachnoid septum Dorsal subarachnoid septum .
dorsale
316 Cisterna lumbalis Lumbar cistern Lumbar cistern
317 Pia mater Pia mater Pia mater

318 Pia mater cranialis Pia mater encephali Cranial pia mater Cranial pia mater
319 Lamina externa piae matris Lamina externa of pia mater Lamina externa of pia mater
320 Lamina interna piae matris Lamina interna of pia mater Lamina interna of pia mater
321 Spatium subpiale Subpial space Subpial space
322 Tela choroidea Tela choroidea Tela choroidea
323 Tela choroidea ventriculi quarti Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle
324 Tela choroidea ventriculi tertii Tela choroidea of third ventricle Tela choroidea of third ventricle
325 Velum interpositum Velum interpositum Velum interpositum
326 Plexus choroideus Choroid plexus Choroid plexus
327 Epithelium choroideum Choroid epithelium Choroid epithelium
328 Epitheliocytus choroideus Choroid epitheliocyte Choroid epitheliocyte
329 Cellula epiplexalis Epiplexus cell Epiplexus cell Cell of Kolmer
330 Psammoma Inclusion body Inclusion body Inclusion body of Biondi
331 Claustrum hematoliquorosum Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier Blood-liquor barrier
332 Plexus choroideus ventriculi Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
quarti
333 Fruticulus Flower basket Flower basket Flower basket of Bochdalek
334 Plexus choroideus ventriculi tertii Choroid plexus of third ventricle Choroid plexus of third ventricle
335 Plexus choroideus ventriculi Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle
lateralis
336 Claustrum hematoencephalicum Blood-brain barrier Blood-brain barrier
337 Glomus choroideum Choroidal enlargement Choroidal enlargement
338 Pia mater spinalis Spinal pia mater Spinal pia mater
339 Linea splendens Linea splendens Linea splendens
340 Ligamentum denticulatum Denticulate ligament Denticulate ligament
341 Septum cervicale intermedium Intermediate cervical septum Intermediate cervical septum
342 FILUM TERMINALE FILUM TERMINALE FILUM TERMINALE Terminal filum

343 Pars spinalis fili terminalis Spinal part of filum terminale Spinal part of filum terminale
344 Pars duralis fili terminalis Ligamentum coccygeum; Filum Dural part Dural part Coccygeal ligament; Filum
terminale externum terminale externum
345 Pars pialis fili terminalis Filum terminale internum Pial part Pial part Filum terminale internum
346 Vasa sanguinea cerebrospinalia Blood supply of brain and spinal Blood supply of brain and spinal
cord cord
347 VASA SANGUINEA ENCEPHALI BLOOD SUPPLY OF BRAIN BLOOD SUPPLY OF BRAIN Endnote 11
348 ARTERIAE ENCEPHALI ARTERIES OF BRAIN ARTERIES OF BRAIN
349 Circulus arteriosus cerebri Cerebral arterial circle Cerebral arterial circle Cicle of Willis
350 Arteria carotis interna Internal carotid artery Internal carotid artery

351 Arteria cerebri anterior Anterior cerebral artery Anterior cerebral artery
352 Arteria communicans anterior Anterior communicating artery Anterior communicating artery
353 Arteria communicans posterior Posterior communicating artery Posterior communicating artery
354 Arteria basilaris Basilar artery Basilar artery
355 Arteria cerebri posterior Posterior cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery
356 Systema caroticum Carotid system Carotid system

357 Arteria carotis interna Internal carotid artery Internal carotid artery Endnote 12
358 Pars cervicalis Segmentum C1 Cervical part Cervical part C1 segment
359 Sinus caroticus Carotid sinus Carotid sinus
360 (Arteria hypoglossa persistens) (Persistent hypoglossal artery) (Persistent hypoglossal artery) Endnote 13
361 Pars petrosa Segmentum C2 Petrous part Petrous part C2 segment
362 Arteriae caroticotympanicae Caroticotympanic arteries Caroticotympanic arteries
363 Arteria canalis pterygoidei Artery of pterygoid canal Artery of pterygoid canal Vidian artery
364 (Arteria trigemina persistens) (Persistent trigeminal artery) (Persistent trigeminal artery) Endnote 13
365 (Arteria stapedia persistens) (Persistent stapedial artery) (Persistent stapedial artery) Endnote 13
366 (Arteria otica persistens) (Persistent otic artery) (Persistent otic artery) Endnote 13
367 Pars lacera Segmentum C3 Lacerum part Lacerum part C3 segment
368 Pars cavernosa Segmentum C4 Cavernous part Cavernous part C4 segment
369 Truncus caroticocavernosus Truncus posterior Posterior caroticocavernous trunk Posterior caroticocavernous trunk Posterior trunk
posterior
370 Ramus meningeus Meningeal branch Meningeal branch
371 Arteria caroticocavernosa Medial caroticocavernous artery Medial caroticocavernous artery
medialis
372 Ramus basalis tentorii Tentorial basal branch Tentorial basal branch
373 Ramus fossae hypophysialis Branch to fossa hypophysialis Branch to fossa hypophysialis
374 Ramus dorsi sellae Branch to dorsum sellae Branch to dorsum sellae
375 Rami clivales Clival branches Clival branches
376 Ramus sinus cavernosi Medial branch of cavernous Medial branch of cavernous
medialis sinus sinus
377 Arteria caroticocavernosa Posterior caroticocavernous Posterior caroticocavernous
posterior artery artery
378 Rami clivales Clival branches Clival branches
379 Ramus canalis abducentis Branch to abducens canal Branch to abducens canal
380 Rami petrosi posteriores Posterior petrosal branches Posterior petrosal branches
381 Arteria caroticocavernosa Superior caroticocavernous Superior caroticocavernous
superior artery artery
382 Rami petrosi anteriores Anterior petrosal branches Anterior petrosal branches
383 Rami petrosi posteriores Posterior petrosal branches Posterior petrosal branches
384 Rami pori trigemini Branches to trigeminal opening Branches to trigeminal opening
385 Ramus sinus cavernosi Lateral branch of cavernous Lateral branch of cavernous
lateralis sinus sinus
386 Truncus caroticocavernosus Truncus lateralis Lateral caroticocavernous trunk Lateral caroticocavernous trunk Lateral trunk
lateralis
387 Ramus marginalis tentorii Tentorial marginal branch Tentorial marginal branch Eponym: Bernasconi and
Cassinari.

388 Ramus anteromedialis Anteromedial branch Anteromedial branch
389 Ramus anterolateralis Anterolateral branch Anterolateral branch
390 Arteria hypophysialis inferior Inferior hypophysial artery Inferior hypophysial artery
391 Rami ganglionares trigeminales Branches to trigeminal ganglion Branches to trigeminal ganglion
392 Rami nervorum Branches to nerves Branches to nerves
393 Pars clinoidea Segmentum C5 Clinoid part Clinoid part C5 segment
394 Pars ophthalmica Segmentum C6 Ophthalmic part Ophthalmic part C6 segment
396 Arteria ophthalmica Ophthalmic artery Ophthalmic artery
397 Rami perforantes Perforating branches Perforating branches
398 Rami chiasmatici Branches to optic chiasm Branches to optic chiasm Branches to optic chiasma
399 Rami nervi optici Branches to optic nerve Branches to optic nerve
400 Rami tractus optici Branches to optic tract Branches to optic tract
401 Pars communicans Segmentum C7 Communicating part Communicating part C7 segment
403 Arteria choroidea anterior Anterior choroidal artery Anterior choroidal artery
404 Arteria hypophysialis superior Superior hypophysial artery Superior hypophysial artery
407 Ramus corticalis Cortical branch Cortical branch
408 Arteria uncalis Uncal artery Uncal artery
409 Sipho caroticus Carotid syphon Carotid syphon Carotid siphon Endnote 14
410 Arteria choroidea anterior Anterior choroidal artery Anterior choroidal artery
411 Rami choroidei ventriculi lateralis Choroidal branches to lateral Choroidal branches to lateral
ventricle ventricle
412 (Rami choroidei ventriculi tertii) (Choroidal branches to third (Choroidal branches to third
ventricle) ventricle)
414 Rami substantiae perforatae Branches to anterior perforated Branches to anterior perforated
anterioris substance substance
415 Rami chiasmatici Branches to optic chiasm Branches to optic chiasm Branches to optic chiasma
417 Rami corporis geniculati lateralis Branches to lateral geniculate Branches to lateral geniculate
body body
418 Rami radiationis opticae Branches to optic radiation Branches to optic radiation
419 Rami capsulae internae Branches to internal capsule Branches to internal capsule
420 Rami genus Branches to genu Branches to genu
421 Rami cruris posterioris Branches to posterior limb Branches to posterior limb
422 Rami partis retrolentiformis Branches to retrolentiform part Branches to retrolentiform part
423 Rami globi pallidi Branches to globus pallidus Branches to globus pallidus
424 Rami caudae nuclei caudati Branches to tail of caudate Branches to tail of caudate
nucleus nucleus
425 Rami hippocampales Branches to hippocampus Branches to hippocampus Endnote 15
426 Rami gyri dentati Branches to gyrus dentatus Branches to gyrus dentatus
427 Rami fornicis Branches to fornix Branches to fornix
428 (Rami uncales) (Branches to uncus) (Branches to uncus)

429 Rami corticis piriformis Branches to piriform cortex Branches to piriform cortex
430 Rami corporis amygdaloidei Branches to amygdaloid body Branches to amygdaloid body
431 (Rami tuberis cinerei) (Branches to tuber cinereum) (Branches to tuber cinereum)
432 (Rami nucleorum hypothalami) (Branches to hypothalamic nuclei) (Branches to hypothalamic nuclei)
433 Rami nucleorum thalami Branches to thalamic nuclei Branches to thalamic nuclei
434 Rami substantiae nigrae Branches to substantia nigra Branches to substantia nigra
435 Rami nuclei rubri Branches to red nucleus Branches to red nucleus
436 Rami cruris cerebri Branches to crus cerebri Branches to crus cerebri
437 Arteriae hypophysiales Accessory hypophysial arteries Accessory hypophysial arteries
accessoriae
438 Arteria cerebri anterior Anterior cerebral artery Anterior cerebral artery
439 Pars precommunicans Segmentum A1 Precommunicating part Precommunicating part A1 segment
440 Arteriae centrales anteromediales Anteromedial central arteries Anteromedial central arteries
441 Rami striati breves Short striate branches Short striate branches Endnote 16
442 Ramus supraopticus Supra-optic branch Supraoptic branch
443 Rami perforantes anteriores Anterior perforating branches Anterior perforating branches
444 Rami preoptici Preoptic branches Preoptic branches
445 Arteria communicans anterior Anterior communicating artery Anterior communicating artery
446 Arteriae centrales Anteromedial central arteries Anteromedial central arteries
anteromediales
447 Ramus suprachiasmaticus Suprachiasmatic branch Suprachiasmatic branch
448 Ramus commissuralis Median commissural branch Median commissural branch
medianus
449 Ramus callosus medianus Median callosal branch Median callosal branch
450 Pars postcommunicans Postcommunicating part Postcommunicating part
451 Pars infracallosa Segmentum A2 Infracallosal segment Infracallosal segment A2 segment
452 Arteria striata longa Arteria centralis longa Long striate artery Long striate artery Long central artery Recurrent artery of Heubner
453 Arteria orbitofrontalis medialis Medial orbitofrontal artery Medial orbitofrontal artery Arteria frontobasalis medialis
454 Arteria orbitofrontalis posterior Posterior orbitofrontal artery Posterior orbitofrontal artery Endnote 17
455 Arteria polaris frontalis Frontopolar artery Frontopolar artery
456 Rami perforantes Perforant branches Perforant branches
457 Rami hypothalamici Hypothalamic branches Hypothalamic branches
458 Rami septi pellucidi Branches to septum pellucidum Branches to septum pellucidum
459 Rami commissurae anterioris Branches to anterior commissure Branches to anterior commissure
460 Rami fornicis Branches to fornix Branches to fornix
461 Rami striati breves Short striate branches Short striate branches
462 (Arteria subcallosa) (Subcallosal artery) (Subcallosal artery) Arteria precallosa;
Endnote 18
463 Arteria pericallosa Pericallosal artery Pericallosal artery
464 Rami corporis callosi breves Short branches to corpus Short branches to corpus
callosum callosum
465 Rami corporis callosi longi Long branches to corpus Long branches to corpus
callosum callosum
466 Pars precallosa Segmentum A3 Precallosal part Precallosal part A3 segment
467 Arteria callosomarginalis Callosomarginal artery Callosomarginal artery
468 Ramus frontalis anteromedialis Anteromedial frontal branch Anteromedial frontal branch

469 Ramus frontalis Intermediomedial frontal branch Intermediomedial frontal branch
intermediomedialis
470 Ramus frontalis posteromedialis Posteromedial frontal branch Posteromedial frontal branch
471 Ramus cingularis Cingular branch Cingular branch
472 (Rami paracentrales) (Paracentral branches) (Paracentral branches)
473 Pars supracallosa Segmentum A4 Supracallosal part Supracallosal part A4 segment
474 Rami paracentrales Paracentral branches Paracentral branches
475 Rami precuneati Precuneate branches Precuneate branches
476 Pars postcallosa Segmentum A5 Postcallosal part Postcallosal part A5 segment
477 Rami parietales superiores Superior parietal branches Superior parietal branches
478 Rami parietales inferiores Inferior parietal branches Inferior parietal branches
479 Rami parietooccipitales Parieto-occipital branches Parietooccipital branches
480 Rami corporis callosi inferiores Inferior callosal branches Inferior callosal branches
481 Arteria cerebri media Middle cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery Sylvian artery
482 Pars sphenoidalis Segmentum M1 Sphenoid part Sphenoid part M1 segment Pars horizontalis (Horizontal part)
483 Arteriae centrales anterolaterales Anterolateral central arteries Anterolateral central arteries Lenticulostriate arteries Endnote 19
484 Arteriae lenticulostriatae Medial lenticulostriate arteries Medial lenticulostriate arteries
mediales
485 Arteriae lenticulostriatae laterales Lateral lenticulostriate arteries Lateral lenticulostriate arteries
486 Arteria polaris temporalis Polar temporal artery Polar temporal artery
487 Arteria temporalis anterior Anterior temporal artery Anterior temporal artery
488 Arteria uncalis Uncal artery Uncal artery
489 Pars insularis Segmentum M2 Insular part Insular part M2 segment
490 Arteriae insulares Insular arteries Insular arteries
491 Pars opercularis Segmentum M3 Opercular part Opercular part M3 segment
492 Pars corticalis Segmentum M4 Cortical part Cortical part M4 segment
493 Pars corticalis inferior Rami corticales inferiores Inferior cortical part Inferior cortical part Inferior cortical branches Rami terminales inferiores
494 Arteria temporalis anterior Anterior temporal artery Anterior temporal artery
495 Arteria temporalis media Middle temporal artery Middle temporal artery
496 Arteria temporalis posterior Posterior temporal artery Posterior temporal artery
497 Arteria temporooccipitalis Temporo-occipital artery Temporooccipital artery
498 Arteria gyri angularis Artery to angular gyrus Artery to angular gyrus
499 Pars corticalis superior Rami corticales superiores Superior cortical part Superior cortical part Superior cortical branches Rami terminales superiores
500 Arteria orbitofrontalis lateralis Lateral orbitofrontal artery Lateral orbitofrontal artery Arteria frontobasalis lateralis
501 Arteria prefrontalis Prefrontal artery Prefrontal artery
502 Arteria sulci precentralis Artery of precentral sulcus Artery of precentral sulcus
503 Arteria sulci centralis Artery of central sulcus Artery of central sulcus
504 Arteria sulci postcentralis Artery of postcentral sulcus Artery of postcentral sulcus
505 Arteria parietalis anterior Anterior parietal artery Anterior parietal artery
506 Arteria parietalis posterior Posterior parietal artery Posterior parietal artery
508 Arteriae centrales posterolaterales Posterolateral central arteries Posterolateral central arteries
509 Rami anteriores Anterior branches Anterior branches
510 Rami posteriores Posterior branches Posterior branches
511 Ramus chiasmaticus Chiasmatic branch Chiasmatic branch
512 Arteria tuberis cinerei Artery of tuber cinereum Artery of tuber cinereum

513 Rami mediales Medial branches Medial branches
514 Rami laterales Lateral branches Lateral branches
515 Arteria tuberothalamica Tuberothalamic artery Tuberothalamic artery Premamillary artery; Arteria thalamotuberalis
Premammillary artery
516 Ramus hypothalamicus Hypothalamic branch Hypothalamic branch
517 Rami mammillares Rami mamillares Mamillary branches Mammillary branches
518 Ramus nervi oculomotorii Branch to oculomotor nerve Branch to oculomotor nerve
519 Systema vertebrobasilare Vertebrobasilar system Vertebrobasilar system

520 Arteria vertebralis Vertebral artery Vertebral artery
521 Pars prevertebralis Segmentum V1 Prevertebral part Prevertebral part V1 segment
522 Pars cervicalis Segmentum V2 Cervical part Cervical part V2 segment Pars transversaria
523 Rami spinales Spinal branches Spinal branches
524 Rami radiculares Radicular branches Radicular branches
525 Arteria medullaris segmentalis Segmental medullary artery Segmental medullary artery
526 Rami musculares Muscular branches Muscular branches
527 Pars atlantica Segmentum V3 Atlantic part Atlantic part V3 segment
528 Ramus meningeus Meningeal ramus Meningeal ramus Arteria meningea posterior
529 (Arteria proatlantica) (Pro-atlantic artery) (Proatlantic artery)
531 Pars intracranialis Segmentum V4 Intracranial part Intracranial part V4 segment
532 Rami meningei Meningeal branches Meningeal branches
533 Arteria cerebelli inferior posterior Posterior inferior cerebellar artery Posterior inferior cerebellar artery Arteria inferior posterior cerebelli
534 Arteria spinalis posterior Posterior spinal artery Posterior spinal artery
535 Rami corticales cerebelli Cerebellar cortical branches Cerebellar cortical branches
536 Ramus vermis inferior Inferior vermian branch Inferior vermian branch
537 Ramus tonsillae cerebelli Cerebellar tonsillar branch Cerebellar tonsillar branch
538 Rami choroidei ventriculi quarti Choroidal branches to fourth Choroidal branches to fourth
ventricle ventricle
539 (Ramus meningeus) (Meningeal branch) (Meningeal branch)
540 Arteria spinalis anterior Anterior spinal artery Anterior spinal artery
541 Rami medullares mediales Medial medullary branches Medial medullary branches Paramedian medullary branches Endnote 20
542 Rami medullares anteromediales Anteromedial medullary Anteromedial medullary
branches branches
543 Rami medullares anterolaterales Anterolateral medullary branches Anterolateral medullary branches
544 Rami medullares laterales Lateral medullary branches Lateral medullary branches Short circumferential medullary
branches
545 Rami medullares posteriores Posterior medullary branches Posterior medullary branches Long circumferential medullary
branches
546 Arteria basilaris Basilar artery Basilar artery
547 Arteria cerebelli inferior anterior Anterior inferior cerebellar artery Anterior inferior cerebellar artery Arteria inferior anterior cerebelli
548 Arteria labyrinthi Labyrinthine artery Labyrinthine artery For further subdivision, see
Organa sensuum
549 Arteria subarcuata Arteria subarcuata Arteria subarcuata
550 Rami corticales cerebelli Cerebellar cortical branches Cerebellar cortical branches
551 Rami perforantes Perforant branches Perforant branches

552 Arteriae pontis Pontine arteries Pontine arteries
553 Rami mediales Medial branches Medial branches Paramedian pontine branches
554 Rami anteromediales Anteromedial branches Anteromedial branches
555 Rami anterolaterales Anterolateral branches Anterolateral branches
556 Rami laterales Lateral branches Lateral branches Short circumferential pontine
branches
557 Rami posteriores Posterior branches Posterior branches Long circumferential pontine
branches
558 Arteriae mesencephalicae Mesencephalic arteries Mesencephalic arteries
559 Rami mediales Medial branches Medial branches
560 Rami anteromediales Anteromedial branches Anteromedial branches
561 Rami anterolaterales Anterolateral branches Anterolateral branches
562 Rami laterales Lateral branches Lateral branches
563 Rami posteriores Posterior branches Posterior branches
564 Arteria cerebelli superior Superior cerebellar artery Superior cerebellar artery Arteria superior cerebelli
565 Ramus medialis Medial branch Medial branch Medial superior cerebellar artery
566 Ramus vermis superior Superior vermian branch Superior vermian branch
567 Ramus lateralis Lateral branch Lateral branch Lateral superior cerebellar artery
568 Arteria cerebri posterior Posterior cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery
569 Pars precommunicans Segmentum P1 Precommunicating part Precommunicating part P1 segment
571 Arteriae centrales posteromediales Posteromedial central arteries Posteromedial central arteries Paramedian arteries
572 Arteriae circumferentiales breves Short circumferential arteries Short circumferential arteries
573 Arteria thalami perforans Thalamoperforating artery Thalamoperforating artery
574 Arteria collicularis Arteria quadrigeminalis Collicular artery Collicular artery Quadrigeminal artery
575 Pars postcommunicans Segmentum P2 Postcommunicating part Postcommunicating part P2 segment
576 Arteriae centrales posteromediales Posteromedial central arteries Posteromedial central arteries
577 Arteria thalamogeniculata Thalamogeniculate artery Thalamogeniculate artery
578 Rami choroidei posteriores Posterior medial choroidal Posterior medial choroidal
mediales branches branches
579 Rami choroidei posteriores Posterior lateral choroidal Posterior lateral choroidal
laterales branches branches
580 Rami pedunculares Peduncular branches Peduncular branches
581 Ramus duralis Dural branch Dural branch
582 Rami corticales Cortical branches Cortical branches
583 Ramus splenialis Splenial branch Splenial branch
584 Arteria calcarina Calcarine artery Calcarine artery
585 Arteriae temporales inferiores Inferior temporal arteries Inferior temporal arteries
586 Arteria temporalis inferior Anterior inferior temporal artery Anterior inferior temporal artery
anterior
587 Arteria temporalis inferior Middle inferior temporal artery Middle inferior temporal artery
media
588 Arteria temporalis inferior Posterior inferior temporal Posterior inferior temporal
589 Arteriae hippocampales Hippocampal arteries Hippocampal arteries
590 Arteria hippocampalis posterior Posterior hippocampal artery Posterior hippocampal artery

591 Arteria hippocampalis media Middle hippocampal artery Middle hippocampal artery
592 Arteria hippocampalis anterior Anterior hippocampal artery Anterior hippocampal artery
593 Pars quadrigeminalis Segmentum P3 Quadrigeminal part Quadrigeminal part P3 segment
594 Arteria parietooccipitalis Parieto-occipital artery Parietooccipital artery
595 Pars corticalis Segmentum P4 Cortical part Cortical part P4 segment
596 Arteria occipitalis lateralis Lateral occipital artery Lateral occipital artery
598 Rami temporales anteriores Anterior temporal branches Anterior temporal branches
599 Rami temporales medii Middle temporal branches Middle temporal branches Rami temporales intermedii
600 Rami temporales posteriores Posterior temporal branches Posterior temporal branches
601 Arteria occipitalis medialis Medial occipital artery Medial occipital artery
602 Ramus corporis callosi dorsalis Dorsal branch to corpus Dorsal branch to corpus
callosum callosum
604 Ramus parietalis Parietal branch Parietal branch
605 Ramus calcarinus Calcarine branch Calcarine branch
606 Ramus occipitotemporalis Occipitotemporal branch Occipitotemporal branch
607 VENAE ENCEPHALI CEREBRAL VEINS CEREBRAL VEINS

608 Venae cerebri superficiales Superficial cerebral veins Superficial cerebral veins Venae superficiales cerebri
609 Venae cerebri superiores Superior cerebral veins Superior cerebral veins Venae superiores cerebri;
Endnote 21
610 Venae orbitofrontales Orbitofrontal veins Orbitofrontal veins
611 Vena frontopolaris Frontopolar vein Frontopolar vein
612 Venae frontales Frontal veins Frontal veins Venae prefrontales
613 Vena precentralis Precentral vein Precentral vein
614 Vena centralis Central vein Central vein Vein of Rolando
615 Vena anastomotica superior Superior anastomotic vein Superior anastomotic vein Vein of Trolard
616 Vena postcentralis Postcentral vein Postcentral vein
617 Venae parietales Parietal veins Parietal veins
618 Venae occipitales Occipital veins Occipital veins
619 Vena cerebri media superficialis Superficial middle cerebral vein Superficial middle cerebral vein Vena media superficialis cerebri
620 Venae frontales Frontal veins Frontal veins Frontosylvian veins
621 Venae parietales Parietal veins Parietal veins Parietosylvian veins
622 Venae temporales Temporal veins Temporal veins Temporosylvian veins
623 Vena anastomotica inferior Inferior anastomotic vein Inferior anastomotic vein Vein of Labbé
624 Venae cerebri inferiores Inferior cerebral veins Inferior cerebral veins Venae inferiores cerebri
625 Vena uncalis Uncal vein Uncal vein
626 Venae temporales Temporal veins Temporal veins
627 Venae temporales basales Basal temporal veins Basal temporal veins
628 Venae occipitales Occipital veins Occipital veins
629 Venae occipitales basales Basal occipital veins Basal occipital veins
630 Venae cerebri profundae Deep cerebral veins Deep cerebral veins Venae profundae cerebri
631 Vena basalis Basal vein Basal vein Vein of Rosenthal
632 Venae cerebri anteriores Anterior cerebral veins Anterior cerebral veins Venae anteriores cerebri

633 Vena cerebri media profunda Deep middle cerebral vein Deep middle cerebral vein Vena media profunda cerebri
634 Venae atriales Atrial veins Atrial veins
635 Vena atrialis media Middle atrial vein Middle atrial vein
636 Vena atrialis lateralis Lateral atrial vein Lateral atrial vein
637 Venae insulares Insular veins Insular veins
638 Venae thalamostriatae inferiores Inferior thalamostriate veins Inferior thalamostriate veins
639 Vena gyri recti Vena olfactoria Vein of straight gyrus Vein of straight gyrus Olfactory vein
640 Vena ventricularis inferior Inferior ventricular vein Inferior ventricular vein
641 Vena choroidea inferior Inferior choroidal vein Inferior choroidal vein
642 Venae nuclei caudati anteriores Anterior caudate veins Anterior caudate veins
643 Venae septales Septal veins Septal veins
644 Venae hippocampales longae Long hippocampal veins Long hippocampal veins
645 Vena hippocampalis longa Anterior long hippocampal Anterior long hippocampal
anterior vein vein
646 Vena hippocampalis longa Posterior long hippocampal Posterior long hippocampal
posterior vein vein
647 Venae pedunculares Peduncular veins Peduncular veins
648 Vena cerebri magna Great cerebral vein Great cerebral vein Vena magna cerebri; Vein of Galen
649 Vena cerebri interna Internal cerebral vein Internal cerebral vein Vena interna cerebri
650 Vena choroidea superior Superior choroidal vein Superior choroidal vein
651 Vena atrialis medialis Middle atrial vein Middle atrial vein
652 Vena thalamostriata superior Superior thalamostriate vein Superior thalamostriate vein
653 Venae septi pellucidi Veins of septum pellucidum Veins of septum pellucidum
654 Vena septi pellucidi anterior Anterior vein of septum Anterior vein of septum
pellucidum pellucidum
655 Vena septi pellucidi posterior Posterior vein of septum Posterior vein of septum
pellucidum pellucidum
656 Vena medialis ventriculi Medial vein of lateral ventricle Medial vein of lateral ventricle
lateralis
657 Vena lateralis ventriculi lateralis Lateral vein of lateral ventricle Lateral vein of lateral ventricle
658 Venae nuclei caudati Veins of caudate nucleus Veins of caudate nucleus
659 Venae directae laterales Lateral direct veins Lateral direct veins
660 Vena corporis callosi posterior Vena corporis callosi dorsalis Posterior vein of corpus callosum Posterior vein of corpus callosum Dorsal vein of corpus callosum
661 Venae trunci encephali Veins of brain stem Veins of brain stem Endnote 21
662 Vena pontomesencephalica Pontomesencephalic vein Pontomesencephalic vein
663 Venae interpedunculares Interpeduncular veins Interpeduncular veins
664 Venae mesencephalicae Anteromedial mesencephalic Anteromedial mesencephalic
anteromediales veins veins
665 Venae mesencephalicae Anterolateral mesencephalic Anterolateral mesencephalic
anterolaterales veins veins
666 Vena intercollicularis Intercollicular vein Intercollicular vein
667 Venae mesencephalicae Posterior mesencephalic veins Posterior mesencephalic veins
posteriores
668 Venae mesencephalicae laterales Lateral mesencephalic veins Lateral mesencephalic veins
669 Venae pontis Pontine veins Pontine veins

670 Vena pontis anteromediana Anteromedian pontine vein Anteromedian pontine vein
671 Venae pontis anteromediales Anteromedial pontine veins Anteromedial pontine veins
672 Venae pontis anterolaterales Anterolateral pontine veins Anterolateral pontine veins
673 Venae pontis transversae Transverse pontine veins Transverse pontine veins
674 Venae pontis laterales Lateral pontine veins Lateral pontine veins
675 Venae medullae oblongatae Veins of medulla oblongata Veins of medulla oblongata
676 Vena medullaris anteromediana Anteromedian medullary vein Anteromedian medullary vein
677 Venae medullares Anteromedial medullary veins Anteromedial medullary veins
anteromediales
678 Venae medullares Anterolateral medullary veins Anterolateral medullary veins
anterolaterales
679 Venae medullares transversae Transverse medullary veins Transverse medullary veins
680 Venae medullares posteriores Posterior medullary veins Posterior medullary veins
681 Vena medullaris posteromediana Posteromedian medullary vein Posteromedian medullary vein
682 Vena recessus lateralis ventriculi Vein of lateral recess of fourth Vein of lateral recess of fourth
quarti ventricle ventricle
683 Vena cisternae cerebellomedullaris Vein of cerebellomedullary cistern Vein of cerebellomedullary cistern
684 Venae cerebelli Cerebellar veins Cerebellar veins Endnote 21

685 Vena vermis superior Superior vein of vermis Superior vein of vermis Vena superior vermis
686 Vena vermis inferior Inferior vein of vermis Inferior vein of vermis Vena inferior vermis
687 Vena retrotonsillaris superior Superior retrotonsillar vein Superior retrotonsillar vein
688 Vena retrotonsillaris inferior Inferior retrotonsillar vein Inferior retrotonsillar vein
689 Venae cerebelli superiores Superior veins of cerebellar Superior veins of cerebellar Venae superiores cerebelli
hemisphere hemisphere
690 Venae cerebelli inferiores Inferior veins of cerebellar Inferior veins of cerebellar Venae inferiores cerebelli
hemisphere hemisphere
691 Vena cerebelli precentralis Precentral cerebellar vein Precentral cerebellar vein Vena precentralis cerebelli
692 Vena petrosa Petrosal vein Petrosal vein Vein of Dandy
693 SINUS DURAE MATRIS DURAL VENOUS SINUSES DURAL VENOUS SINUSES Endnote 22
694 Sinus transversus Transverse sinus Transverse sinus
695 Sinus tentorii Tentorial sinuses Tentorial sinuses
696 Confluens sinuum Confluence of sinuses Confluence of sinuses Torcular of Herophilus
697 Sinus marginalis Marginal sinus Marginal sinus
698 Sinus occipitalis Occipital sinus Occipital sinus
699 (Sinus occipitalis obliquus) (Oblique occipital sinus) (Oblique occipital sinus)
700 Plexus basilaris Basilar plexus Basilar plexus
701 Sinus petrosquamosus Petrosquamous sinus Petrosquamous sinus
702 Sinus sigmoideus Sigmoid sinus Sigmoid sinus
703 Sinus sagittalis superior Superior sagittal sinus Superior sagittal sinus
704 Lacunae laterales Lateral lacunae Lateral lacunae
705 Sinus sagittalis inferior Inferior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus
706 (Plexus venosus falcis) (Venous plexus of falx) (Venous plexus of falx)
707 Sinus rectus Straight sinus Straight sinus
708 Sinus petrosus inferior Inferior petrosal sinus Inferior petrosal sinus

709 Venae labyrinthi Labyrinthine veins Labyrinthine veins
710 Sinus petrosus superior Superior petrosal sinus Superior petrosal sinus
711 Sinus cavernosus Cavernous sinus Cavernous sinus
712 Sinus intercavernosi Intercavernous sinuses Intercavernous sinuses
713 Sinus intercavernosus anterior Anterior intercavernous sinus Anterior intercavernous sinus
714 Sinus intercavernosus posterior Posterior intercavernous sinus Posterior intercavernous sinus
715 (Sinus intercavernosus inferior) (Inferior intercavernous sinus) (Inferior intercavernous sinus)
716 Sinus sphenoparietalis Sphenoparietal sinus Sphenoparietal sinus Sinus of Breschet
717 VENAE DIPLOICAE DIPLOIC VEINS DIPLOIC VEINS Veins of Breschet

718 Vena diploica frontalis Frontal diploic vein Frontal diploic vein
719 Vena diploica temporalis anterior Anterior temporal diploic vein Anterior temporal diploic vein
720 Vena diploica temporalis posterior Posterior temporal diploic vein Posterior temporal diploic vein
721 Vena diploica occipitalis Occipital diploic vein Occipital diploic vein
722 VENAE EMISSARIAE EMISSARY VEINS EMISSARY VEINS

723 Vena emissaria parietalis Parietal emissary vein Parietal emissary vein
724 Vena emissaria mastoidea Mastoid emissary vein Mastoid emissary vein
725 Vena emissaria condylaris Condylar emissary vein Condylar emissary vein
726 Vena emissaria occipitalis Occipital emissary vein Occipital emissary vein
727 Plexus venosus canalis nervi Venous plexus of hypoglossal Venous plexus of hypoglossal
hypoglossi canal canal
728 Plexus venosus foraminis ovalis Venous plexus of foramen ovale Venous plexus of foramen ovale
729 Vena sphenoidalis Sphenoidal vein Sphenoidal vein Vein of Vesalius
730 Plexus venosus caroticus internus Internal carotid venous plexus Internal carotid venous plexus
731 Venae portales hypophysiales Portal veins of hypophysis Portal veins of hypophysis
732 Vena petrosa superficialis Superficial petrosal vein Superficial petrosal vein
733 Vena foraminis caeci Vein of foramen caecum Vein of foramen cecum
734 Venae foraminis laceri Veins of foramen lacerum Veins of foramen lacerum
735 Venae clivales Clival veins Clival veins
736 VASA SANGINEA MEDULLAE BLOOD SUPPLY OF SPINAL BLOOD SUPPLY OF SPINAL
SPINALIS CORD CORD
737 Arteriae medullae spinalis Arteries of spinal cord Arteries of spinal cord Endnote 23
738 Arteria spinalis anterior Anterior spinal artery Anterior spinal artery
739 Arteria centralis Central artery Central artery
740 Arteriae spinales posteriores Posterior spinal arteries Posterior spinal arteries
741 Plexus pialis Corona vasorum Pial plexus Pial plexus Vasa corona
742 Rami spinales Spinal branches Spinal branches
743 Arteria radicularis anterior Anterior radicular artery Anterior radicular artery
744 Arteria radicularis magna Great radicular artery Great radicular artery Artery of Adamkiewicz
745 Arteriae radiculares posteriores Posterior radicular arteries Posterior radicular arteries
746 Arteria medullaris segmentalis Anterior segmental medullary Anterior segmental medullary
anterior artery artery
747 Arteria medullaris segmentalis Posterior segmental medullary Posterior segmental medullary

748 Venae medullae spinalis Veins of spinal cord Veins of spinal cord Endnote 24
749 Venae perimedullares Perimedullary veins Perimedullary veins
750 Vena spinalis anterior Anterior spinal vein Anterior spinal vein
751 Vena centralis anterior Anterior central vein Anterior central vein
752 Venae spinales posteriores Posterior spinal veins Posterior spinal veins
753 Vena centralis posterior Posterior central vein Posterior central vein
754 Venae radiculares Radicular veins Radicular veins
755 Venae intervertebrales Intervertebral veins Intervertebral veins
756 Venae columnae vertebralis Veins of vertebral column Veins of vertebral column
757 Plexus venosi vertebrales Vertebral venous plexuses Vertebral venous plexuses Plexus of Batson
758 Plexus venosus vertebralis Anterior internal vertebral venous Anterior internal vertebral venous
internus anterior plexus plexus
759 Venae basivertebrales Basivertebral veins Basivertebral veins
760 Plexus venosus vertebralis Posterior internal vertebral Posterior internal vertebral
internus posterior venous plexus venous plexus
761 Plexus venosi vertebrales externi External vertebral venous External vertebral venous
plexuses plexuses
762 Plexus venosus vertebralis Anterior external vertebral Anterior external vertebral
externus anterior venous plexus venous plexus
763 Plexus venosus vertebralis Posterior external vertebral Posterior external vertebral
externus posterior venous plexus venous plexus
764 Plexus venosus suboccipitalis Suboccipital venous plexus Suboccipital venous plexus
765 Medulla spinalis Spinal cord Spinal cord

766 Morphologia externa External features External features
767 Intumescentia cervicalis Cervical enlargement Cervical enlargement
768 Intumescentia lumbosacralis Lumbosacral enlargement Lumbosacral enlargement
769 Conus medullaris Conus medullaris Conus medullaris Medullary cone
770 Sulcus medianus posterior Sulcus medianus dorsalis Posterior median sulcus Posterior median sulcus Dorsal median sulcus
771 Septum medianum posterius Septum medianum dorsale Posterior median septum Posterior median septum Dorsal median septum
772 Sulcus posterolateralis Sulcus dorsolateralis Posterolateral sulcus Posterolateral sulcus Dorsolateral sulcus
773 Sulcus intermedius posterior Sulcus intermedius dorsalis Posterior intermediate sulcus Posterior intermediate sulcus Dorsal intermediate sulcus
774 Sulcus anterolateralis Sulcus ventrolateralis Anterolateral sulcus Anterolateral sulcus Ventrolateral sulcus
775 Fissura mediana anterior Fissura mediana ventralis Anterior median fissure Anterior median fissure Ventral median fissure
776 Pars cervicalis Segmenta cervicalia 1-8 Cervical part Cervical part Cervical segments 1-8
777 Pars thoracica Segmenta thoracica 1-12 Thoracic part Thoracic part Thoracic segments 1-12
778 Pars lumbalis Segmenta lumbalia 1-5 Lumbar part Lumbar part Lumbar segments 1-5
779 Pars sacralis Segmenta sacralia 1-5 Sacral part Sacral part Sacral segments 1-5
780 Pars coccygea Segmenta coccygea 1-3 Coccygeal part Coccygeal part Coccygeal segments 1-3
781 Morphologia interna Internal features Internal features

782 SUBSTANTIA GRISEA GREY MATTER GRAY MATTER Grey substance; Gray substance
783 Columna posterior Columna dorsalis Posterior column Posterior column Dorsal column
784 Cornu posterius Cornu dorsale Posterior horn Posterior horn Dorsal horn Endnote 25

785 Lamina spinalis I Zona marginalis Spinal lamina I Spinal lamina I Marginal zone Apex; Layer of Rexed
786 Lamina spinalis II Substantia gelatinosa Spinal lamina II Spinal lamina II Gelatinous substance Head; substance of Rolando
787 Laminae spinales III-IV Nucleus proprius Spinal laminae III and IV Spinal laminae III and IV Nucleus proprius Neck
788 Lamina spinalis V Spinal lamina V Spinal lamina V
789 Lamina spinalis VI Spinal lamina VI Spinal lamina VI Base
790 Processus reticularis Reticular process Reticular process Reticular process of von
Lenhossék; Endnote 26
791 Nucleus cervicalis lateralis Lateral cervical nucleus Lateral cervical nucleus
792 Nucleus spinalis lateralis Nucleus posterior funiculi lateralis Lateral spinal nucleus Lateral spinal nucleus Posterior nucleus of lateral
funiculus
793 Typi neurales Neuron types Neuron types Endnote 27
794 Neura cornus posterioris Neura cornus dorsalis Posterior horn neurons Posterior horn neurons Dorsal horn neurons
795 Interneura cornus posterioris Interneura cornus dorsalis Posterior horn interneurons Posterior horn interneurons Dorsal horn interneurons Endnote 28
797 Cellula centralis transiens Transient central cell of spinal Transient central cell of spinal
laminae spinalis II lamina II lamina II
798 Cellula radialis laminae spinalis Radial cell of spinal lamina II Radial cell of spinal lamina II
II
799 Cellula verticalis laminae Vertical cell of spinal lamina II Vertical cell of spinal lamina II
spnialis II
801 Cellula insularis laminae Islet cell of spinal lamina II Islet cell of spinal lamina II
spinalis II
802 Cellula centralis tonica laminae Tonic central cell of spinal Tonic central cell of spinal
spinalis II lamina II lamina II
803 Interneuron inhibitorium Ib Ib-inhibitory interneuron of Ib-inhibitory interneuron of
laminae spinalis VI spinal lamina VI spinal lamina VI
804 Neura projectionis Neura funicularia spinale Projection neurons Projection neurons Spinal tract neurons
805 Neuron marginale laminae Marginal neuron of spinal lamina Marginal neuron of spinal lamina Cell of Waldeyer
spinalis I I I
806 Cellula originis tractus Cell of origin of spinocervical Cell of origin of spinocervical
spinocervicalis tract tract
807 Cellula originis tractus Cell of origin of spinoreticular Cell of origin of spinoreticular
spinoreticularis tract tract
808 Cellula originis tractus Cell of origin of Cell of origin of
spinomesencephalici spinomesencephalic tract spinomesencephalic tract
809 Cellula originis tractus Cell of origin of spinothalamic Cell of origin of spinothalamic
spinothalamici tract tract
810 Cellula originis fibrae Cell of origin of postsynaptic Cell of origin of postsynaptic Cell of origin of postsynaptic dorsal
postsynapticae tractus funiculi dorsal funicular tract dorsal funicular tract column tract
dorsalis
811 Neuron associationis Neuron propriospinale Association neuron Association neuron Propriospinal neuron
812 Neuron propriospinale breve Short propriospinal neuron of Short propriospinal neuron of
laminae spinalis V spinal lamina V spinala lmina V
813 Neuron propriospinale laminae Short propriospinal neuron of Short propriospinal neuron of
spinalis VI spinal lamina VI spinal lamina VI

814 Columna intermedia Zona intermedia Intermediate column Intermediate column Intermediate zone
815 Lamina spinalis VII Spinal lamina VII Spinal lamina VII
816 Substantia intermedia centralis Central intermediate substance Central intermediate substance
817 Nucleus thoracicus posterior Nucleus dorsalis Posterior thoracic nucleus Posterior thoracic nucleus Dorsal nucleus Nucleus of Clarke; Nucleus of
Stilling-Clarke
818 Nucleus cervicalis centralis Central cervical nucleus Central cervical nucleus Nucleus cervicalis medialis
819 Nucleus intermediomedialis Intermediomedial nucleus Intermediomedial nucleus
820 Nucleus intercalatus spinalis Spinal intercalated nucleus Spinal intercalated nucleus Endnote 29
821 Substantia intermedia lateralis Lateral intermediate substance Lateral intermediate substance
822 Nucleus parasympathicus Sacral parasympathetic nucleus Sacral parasympathetic nucleus
sacralis
823 Cornu laterale Lateral horn Lateral horn
824 Nucleus intermediolateralis Intermediolateral nucleus Intermediolateral nucleus Endnote 29
825 Pars principalis Principal part Principal part
826 Pars funicularis Funicular part Funicular part
827 Centrum ciliospinale Ciliospinal centre Ciliospinal center Centre of Budge
828 Typi neurales Neuron types Neuron types
829 Neura zonae intermediae Intermediate zone neurons Intermediate zone neurons
830 Interneura zonae intermediae Intermediate zone interneurons Intermediate zone interneurons Endnote 30
833 Interneuron inhibitorium Ia Ia-inhibitory interneuron of Ia-inhibitory interneuron of
laminae spinalis VII spinal lamina VII spinal lamina VII
834 Interneuron inhibitorium Recurrent inhibitory Recurrent inhibitory Renshaw cell
recurrens laminae spinalis VII interneuron of spinal lamina VII interneuron of spinal lamina VII
835 Neura projectionis Neura funicularia spinale Projection neurons Projection neurons Spinal tract neurons
836 Cellula originis tractus Cell of origin of spinocerebellar Cell of origin of spinocerebellar
spinocerebellaris tract tract
837 Cellula originis tractus Cell of origin of spinoreticular Cell of origin of spinoreticular
spinoreticularis tract tract
838 Cellula originis tractus Cell of origin of Cell of origin of
spinomesencephalici spinomesencephalic tract spinomesencephalic tract
839 Cellula originis tractus Cell of origin of spinothalamic Cell of origin of spinothalamic
spinothalamici tract tract
840 Neura associationis Neura propriospinalia Association neurons Association neurons Propriospinal neurons Endnote 31
841 Neuron propriospinale breve Short propriospinal neuron of Short propriospinal neuron of
842 Neuron propriospinale Intermediate propriospinal Intermediate propriospinal
intermedium laminae spinalis VII neuron of spinal lamina VII neuron of spinal lamina VII
843 Neuron propriospinale longum Long propriospinal neuron of Long propriospinal neuron of
844 Motoneuron zonae intermediae Motor neuron of intermediate zone Motor neuron of intermediate zone Motoneuron of intermediate zone
845 Motoneuron parasympathicum Motoneuron parasympathicum Spinal parasympathetic motor Spinal parasympathetic motor Spinal parasympathetic
spinale spinale preganglionare neuron neuron motoneuron; Preganglionic spinal
846 Motoneuron sympathicum Motoneuron sympathicum Spinal sympathetic motor neuron Spinal sympathetic motor neuron Spinal sympathetic motoneuron;
spinale preganglionare Preganglionic sympathetic

motoneuron
847 Columna anterior Columna ventralis Anterior column Anterior column Ventral column
848 Cornu anterius Cornu ventrale Anterior horn Anterior horn Ventral horn
849 Lamina spinalis VIII Spinal lamina VIII Spinal lamina VIII
850 Lamina spinalis IX Nuclei motorii Spinal lamina IX Spinal lamina IX Motor nuclei
851 Nuclei motorii mediales Medial motor nuclei Medial motor nuclei
852 Nucleus anteromedialis Nucleus ventromedialis Anteromedial nucleus Anteromedial nucleus Ventromedial nucleus
853 Nucleus posteromedialis Nucleus dorsomedialis Posteromedial nucleus Posteromedial nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus
854 Nuclei motorii laterales Lateral motor nuclei Lateral motor nuclei
855 Nucleus centralis Central nucleus Central nucleus
856 Nucleus anterior Nucleus ventralis Anterior nucleus Anterior nucleus Ventral nucleus
857 Nucleus anterolateralis Nucleus ventrolateralis Anterolateral nucleus Anterolateral nucleus Ventrolateral nucleus
858 Nucleus posterolateralis Nucleus dorsolateralis Posterolateral nucleus Posterolateral nucleus Dorsolateral nucleus
859 Nucleus retroposterolateralis Nucleus retrodorsolateralis Retroposterolateral nucleus Retroposterolateral nucleus Retrodorsolateral nucleus
860 Nucleus nervi accessorii Nucleus of accessory nerve Nucleus of accessory nerve Spinal accessory nucleus
861 Nucleus nervi phrenici Nucleus of phrenic nerve Nucleus of phrenic nerve Phrenic nucleus
862 Nucleus nervi pudendi Nucleus of pudendal nerve Nucleus of pudendal nerve Nucleus of Onuf (from Onufrowicz)
863 Aggregatio motoneurorum Motor pool Motor pool
865 Neura cornus anterioris Neura cornus ventralis Anterior horn neurons Anterior horn neurons Ventral horn neurons
866 Interneura cornus anterioris Interneura cornus ventralis Anterior horn interneurons Anterior horn interneurons Ventral horn interneurons
869 Neuron projectionis Neuron funiculare spinale Projection neuron Projection neuron Spinal tract neuron
870 Cellula marginalis spinalis Spinal border cell of spinal Spinal border cell of spinal
laminae spinalis IX lamina IX lamina IX
871 Neuron associationis Neuron propriospinale Association neuron Association neuron Propriospinal neuron
872 Neuron propriospinale longum Long propriospinal neuron of Long propriospinal neuron of
laminae spinalis VIII spinal lamina VIII spinal lamina VIII
873 Motoneuron somaticum cornus Motoneuron somaticum cornus Anterior horn motor neuron Anterior horn motor neuron Ventral horn motor neuron;
anterioris ventralis Anterior horn motoneuron; Ventral
horn motoneuron
874 Motoneuron epaxiale Epaxial motor neuron Epaxial motor neuron Epaxial motoneuron
875 Motoneuron hypaxiale Hypaxial motor neuron Hypaxial motor neuron Hypaxial motoneuron
876 Motoneuron appendiculare Appendicular motor neuron Appendicular motor neuron Appendicular motoneuron
877 Motoneuron α Motor neuron α Motor neuron α Motoneuron α
878 Motoneuron β Motor neuron β Motor neuron β Motoneuron β
879 Motoneuron γ Motor neuron γ Motor neuron γ Motoneuron γ
880 SUBSTANTIA ALBA WHITE MATTER WHITE MATTER White substance

881 Funiculus posterior Funiculus dorsalis Posterior funiculus Posterior funiculus Dorsal funiculus; Dorsal column
882 Radices centrales Central roots Central roots Spinal parts
883 Fasciculus gracilis Gracile fasciculus Gracile fasciculus Tract of Goll
884 Fasciculus cuneatus Cuneate fasciculus Cuneate fasciculus Tract of Burdach
885 Tractus proprii Fasciculi proprii Intrinsic tracts Intrinsic tracts Propriospinal tracts Endnote 32

886 Fasciculus proprius posterior Fasciculus proprius dorsalis Posterior fasciculus proprius Posterior fasciculus proprius Dorsal fasciculus proprius;
Posterior ground bundle; Dorsal
ground bundle
887 Fasciculus septomarginalis Septomarginal fasciculus Septomarginal fasciculus Tracts of Flechsig; Philippe-
Gombault
888 Fasciculus interfascicularis Fasciculus semilunaris Interfascicular fasciculus Interfascicular fasciculus Comma tract Comma tract of Schultze
889 Fasciculus cornucommissuralis Cornucommissural fasciculus Cornucommissural fasciculus
890 Tractus longi Long tracts Long tracts
891 Tractus ascendentes Ascending tracts Ascending tracts
892 Fibrae spinocuneatae Spinocuneate fibres Spinocuneate fibers
893 Fibrae spinograciles Spinogracile fibres Spinogracile fibers
894 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts
895 Fibrae cuneospinales Cuneospinal fibres Cuneospinal fibers
896 Fibrae gracilispinales Gracilespinal fibres Gracilespinal fibers
897 Fasciculus posterolateralis Fasciculus dorsolateralis Posterolateral tract Posterolateral tract Dorsolateral tract Tractus posterolateralis; Zone of
Lissauer
898 Zona ingressionis radicis Zona ingressionis radicis dorsalis Posterior root entry zone Posterior root entry zone Dorsal root entry zone Endnote 33
posterioris
899 Pars lateralis Lateral component Lateral component
900 Pars medialis Medial component Medial component
901 Fibrae afferentes somatosensoriae Somatosensory afferent fibres Somatosensory afferent fibers
902 Fibrae afferentes proprioceptivae Proprioceptive afferent fibres Proprioceptive afferent fibers
903 Fibrae afferentes viscerosensoriae Viscerosensory afferent fibres Viscerosensory afferent fibers
904 Funiculus lateralis Lateral funiculus Lateral funiculus

905 Tractus proprii Fasciculi proprii Intrinsic tracts Intrinsic tracts Propriospinal tracts
906 Fasciculus proprius lateralis Lateral fasciculus proprius Lateral fasciculus proprius Lateral ground bundle
907 Tractus spinocervicalis Spinocervical tract Spinocervical tract
909 Tractus ascendentes Ascending tracts Ascending tracts Spinal parts
910 Tractus anterolateralis Systema anterolateralis; Anterolateral tract Anterolateral tract Anterolateral system; Spinal Endnote 34
Lemniscus spinalis lemniscus
911 Tractus spinoreticularis Spinoreticular tract Spinoreticular tract
912 Tractus spinoparabrachialis Spinoparabrachial tract Spinoparabrachial tract
913 Tractus spinomesencephalicus Spinomesencephalic tract Spinomesencephalic tract
914 Tractus spinothalamicus lateralis Lateral spinothalamic tract Lateral spinothalamic tract Tract of Edinger
915 Tractus spinohypothalamicus Spinohypothalamic tract Spinohypothalamic tract Endnote 35
916 Tractus cervicothalamicus Cervicothalamic tract Cervicothalamic tract
917 Tractus spinoolivaris Spino-olivary tract Spinoolivary tract Endnote 36
918 Tractus spinovestibularis Spinovestibular tract Spinovestibular tract
919 Tractus spinocerebellares Spinocerebellar tracts Spinocerebellar tracts
920 Tractus spinocerebellaris Tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis Posterior spinocerebellar tract Posterior spinocerebellar tract Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Tract of Flechsig
posterior
921 Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior Tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis Anterior spinocerebellar tract Anterior spinocerebellar tract Ventral spinocerebellar tract Tract of Gowers
922 Tractus cuneocerebellaris Cuneocerebellar tract Cuneocerebellar tract
923 Tractus spinocerebellaris Rostral spinocerebellar tract Rostral spinocerebellar tract

rostralis
924 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Spinal parts
925 Tractus corticospinalis lateralis Lateral corticospinal tract Lateral corticospinal tract
926 Tractus rubrospinalis Rubrospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Tract of von Monakow
927 Tractus reticulospinalis lateralis Tractus bulboreticulospinalis Lateral reticulospinal tract Lateral reticulospinal tract Medullary reticulospinal tract; Endnote 37
Bulboreticulospinal tract
928 Tractus fastigiospinalis Fastigiospinal tract Fastigiospinal tract
929 Tractus interpositospinalis Interpositospinal tract Interpositospinal tract
930 Tractus caeruleospinalis Caeruleospinal tract Caeruleospinal tract Coeruleospinal tract
931 Tractus hypothalamospinalis Hypothalamospinal tract Hypothalamospinal tract
932 Tractus raphespinalis lateralis Lateral raphespinal tract Lateral raphespinal tract
933 Tractus solitariospinalis Solitariospinal tract Solitariospinal tract
934 Tractus trigeminospinalis Trigeminospinal tract Trigeminospinal tract
935 Funiculus anterior Funiculus ventralis Anterior funiculus Anterior funiculus Ventral funiculus
936 Tractus proprii Fasciculi proprii Propriospinal tracts Propriospinal tracts Intrinsic tracts
937 Fasciculus proprius anterior Fasciculus proprius ventralis Anterior fasciculus proprius Anterior fasciculus proprius Ventral fasciculus proprius;
Anterior ground bundle; Ventral
ground bundle
938 Fasciculus sulcomarginalis Sulcomarginal fasciculus Sulcomarginal fasciculus Bundle of Marie
940 Tractus ascendentes Ascending tracts Ascending tracts Spinal parts
941 Tractus spinothalamicus anterior Tractus spinothalamicus ventralis Anterior spinothalamic tract Anterior spinothalamic tract Ventral spinothalamic tract Tract of Dejerine
942 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Spinal parts
943 Tractus corticospinalis anterior Tractus corticospinalis ventralis Anterior corticospinal tract Anterior corticospinal tract Ventral corticospinal tract Tract of Türck
944 Tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis Lateral vestibulospinal tract Lateral vestibulospinal tract
945 Tractus vestibulospinalis medialis Medial vestibulospinal tract Medial vestibulospinal tract
946 Tractus reticulospinalis medialis Tractus pontoreticulospinalis Medial reticulospinal tract Medial reticulospinal tract Pontine reticulospinal tract;
Pontoreticulospinal tract
947 Tractus interstitiospinalis Interstitiospinal tract Interstitiospinal tract
948 Tractus tectospinalis Tectospinal tract Tectospinal tract Bundle of Held
949 Tractus raphespinalis anterior Tractus raphespinalis ventralis Anterior raphespinal tract Anterior raphespinal tract Ventral raphespinal tract
950 STRUCTURAE CENTRALES CENTRAL CORD STRUCTURES CENTRAL CORD STRUCTURES

MEDULLAE SPINALIS
951 Area spinalis X Spinal area X Spinal area X
952 Commissura grisea anterior Commissura grisea ventralis Anterior grey commissure Anterior gray commissure Ventral grey commissure; Ventral
gray commissure
953 Commissura grisea posterior Commissura grisea dorsalis Posterior grey commissure Posterior gray commissure Dorsal grey commissure; Dorsal
gray commissure
954 Commissura alba anterior Commissura alba ventralis Anterior white commissure Anterior white commissure Ventral white commissure
955 Commissura alba posterior Commissura alba dorsalis Posterior white commissure Posterior white commissure Dorsal white commissure
956 Canalis centralis Central canal Central canal
957 Ventriculus terminalis Terminal ventricle Terminal ventricle
958 Encephalon Brain Brain

959 TRUNCUS ENCEPHALI BRAIN STEM BRAIN STEM
960 MYELENCEPHALON Medulla oblongata; Bulbus MYELENCEPHALON MYELENCEPHALON Medulla oblongata; Bulb
962 Obex Obex Obex
963 Sulcus medianus posterior Sulcus medianus dorsalis Posterior median sulcus Posterior median sulcus Dorsal median sulcus
964 Tuberculum gracile Gracile tubercle Gracile tubercle
965 Tuberculum cuneatum Cuneate tubercle Cuneate tubercle
966 Tuberculum trigeminale Trigeminal tubercle Trigeminal tubercle
967 Sulcus posterolateralis Sulcus dorsolateralis Posterolateral sulcus Posterolateral sulcus Dorsolateral sulcus
968 Oliva Inferior olive Inferior olive
969 Area retroolivaris Retro-olivary area Retroolivary area
970 Sulcus retroolivaris Retro-olivary groove Retroolivary groove
971 Sulcus preolivaris Pre-olivary groove Preolivary groove
972 Pyramis medullae oblongatae Pyramis bulbi Pyramid Pyramid
973 Sulcus anterolateralis Sulcus ventrolateralis Anterolateral sulcus Anterolateral sulcus Ventrolateral sulcus
974 Foramen caecum medullae Foramen caecum of medulla Foramen cecum of medulla
oblongatae oblongata oblongata
975 Fissura mediana anterior Fissura mediana ventralis Anterior median fissure Anterior median fissure Ventral median fissure

977 Substantia grisea Grey matter Gray matter Grey substance; Gray substance Endnote 38
978 Nuclei somatosensorii Somatosensory nuclei Somatosensory nuclei
979 Nucleus gracilis Gracile nucleus Gracile nucleus Nucleus of Goll
980 Pars centralis Central part Central part Cell nest region
981 Pars rostralis Rostral part Rostral part Shell region
982 Subnucleus rostrodorsalis Rostrodorsal subnucleus Rostrodorsal subnucleus Cell group Z
983 Nucleus parvocellularis compactus Compact parvocellular nucleus Compact parvocellular nucleus Endnote 39
984 Nucleus cuneatus Cuneate nucleus Cuneate nucleus Nucleus of Burdach;
Endnote 40
985 Pars caudalis Caudal part Caudal part
986 Pars rotunda Round part Round part
987 Pars triangularis Triangular part Triangular part
988 Pars rostralis Rostral part Rostral part
989 Nucleus cuneatus accessorius Nucleus cuneatus externus Accessory cuneate nucleus Accessory cuneate nucleus External cuneate nucleus Nucleus of von Monakow
990 Nucleus precuneatus accessorius Pre-accessory cuneate nucleus Preaccessory cuneate nucleus Cell group X
991 Nucleus pericuneatus medialis Medial pericuneate nucleus Medial pericuneate nucleus
992 Nucleus pericuneatus lateralis Lateral pericuneate nucleus Lateral pericuneate nucleus
993 Nucleus endolemniscalis Endolemniscal nucleus Endolemniscal nucleus
994 Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
995 Subnucleus caudalis Caudal subnucleus Caudal subnucleus
996 Lamina trigeminalis I Lamina zonalis Trigeminal lamina I Trigeminal lamina I Zonal layer
997 Lamina trigeminalis II Lamina gelatinosa Trigeminal lamina II Trigeminal lamina II Gelatinous layer
998 Laminae trigeminales III-IV Lamina magnocellularis Trigeminal laminae III and IV Trigeminal laminae III and IV Magnocellyular layer
999 Subnucleus interpolaris Interpolar subnucleus Interpolar subnucleus
1000 Nucleus peritrigeminalis Peritrigeminal nucleus Peritrigeminal nucleus
1001 Nuclei viscerosensorii Viscerosensory nuclei Viscerosensory nuclei

1002 Area postrema Area postrema Area postrema
1003 Nuclei tractus solitarii Nuclei of solitary tract Nuclei of solitary tract Solitary nuclei
1004 Nucleus parasolitarius Parasolitary nucleus Parasolitary nucleus
1005 Nucleus solitarius commissuralis Commissural solitary nucleus Commissural solitary nucleus Nucleus commissuralis
1006 Nucleus solitarius gelatinosus Gelatinous solitary nucleus Gelatinous solitary nucleus Nucleus gelatinosus solitarius
1007 Nucleus solitarius intermedius Intermediate solitary nucleus Intermediate solitary nucleus Nucleus intermedius solitarius
1008 Nucleus solitarius interstitialis Interstitial solitary nucleus Interstitial solitary nucleus Nucleus interstitialis solitarius
1009 Nucleus solitarius medialis Medial solitary nucleus Medial solitary nucleus Nucleus medialis solitarius
1010 Nucleus solitarius Paracommissural solitary Paracommissural solitary Nucleus paracommissuralis
paracommissuralis nucleus nucleus solitarius
1011 Nucleus solitarius posterior Nucleus solitarius dorsalis Posterior solitary nucleus Posterior solitary nucleus Dorsal solitary nucleus
1012 Nucleus solitarius Nucleus solitarius dorsolateralis Posterolateral solitary nucleus Posterolateral solitary nucleus Dorsolateral solitary nucleus
posterolateralis
1013 Nucleus solitarius anterior Nucleus solitarius ventralis Anterior solitary nucleus Anterior solitary nucleus Ventral solitary nucleus
1014 Nucleus solitarius anterolateralis Nucleus solitarius ventrolateralis Anterolateral solitary nucleus Anterolateral solitary nucleus Ventrolateral solitary nucleus
1015 Nuclei vestibulares Vestibular nuclei Vestibular nuclei
1016 Nucleus vestibularis inferior Inferior vestibular nucleus Inferior vestibular nucleus Descending vestibular nucleus
1017 Pars magnocellularis nuclei Magnocellular part of inferior Magnocellular part of inferior Cell group F
vestibularis inferioris vestibular nucleus vestibular nucleus
1018 Nucleus vestibularis medialis Medial vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Nucleus of Schwalbe
1019 Pars magnocellularis Magnocellular part Magnocellular part
1020 Pars parvocellularis Parvocellular part Parvocellular part
1021 Nucleus marginalis corporis Marginal nucleus of restiform body Marginal nucleus of restiform body Cell group Y
restiformis
1022 Nuclei acustici Nuclei auditorii Auditory nuclei Auditory nuclei Endnote 41
1023 Nucleus cochlearis posterior Nucleus cochlearis dorsalis Posterior cochlear nucleus Posterior cochlear nucleus Dorsal cochlear nucleus
1024 Lamina molecularis Molecular layer Molecular layer
1025 Lamina granularis Granular layer Granular layer
1026 Lamina profunda Deep layer Deep layer
1028 Neuron projectionis Neuron principale Projection neuron Projection neuron Principal neuron
1029 Neuron fusiforme Fusiform cell Fusiform cell
1030 Neuron giganteum Giant cell Giant cell
1032 Neuron granulosum Granule cell Granule cell
1034 Neuron verticale Vertical cell Vertical cell
1035 (Cellula rotiformis) (Cartwheel cell) (Cartwheel cell) Endnote 42
1036 Nucleus cochlearis anterior Nucleus cochlearis ventralis Anterior cochlear nucleus Anterior cochlear nucleus Ventral cochlear nucleus
1037 Pars anterior Anterior part Anterior part
1038 Pars posterior Posterior part Posterior part
1039 Pars cupularis Cap region Cap region
1042 Neuron stellatum Stellate cell Stellate cell T-multipolar cell.
1043 Neuron fruticosum Spherical bushy cell Spherical bushy cell

spheroideum
1044 Neuron fruticosum globulare Globular bushy cell Globular bushy cell
1045 Neuron octopodiforme Octopus cell Octopus cell
1047 Neuron multipolare Multipolar cell Multipolar cell D-multipolar cell.
1048 Nuclei somatomotorii Somatomotor nuclei Somatomotor nuclei
1049 Nucleus nervi hypoglossi Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve
1050 Nuclei branchiomotorii Branchiomotor nuclei Branchiomotor nuclei
1051 Nucleus supraspinalis Supraspinal nucleus Supraspinal nucleus
1052 Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus ambiguus Nucleus ambiguus Ventral nucleus of vagus nerve
1053 Nuclei visceromotorii Visceromotor nuclei Visceromotor nuclei
1054 Nucleus posterior nervi vagi Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
1055 Nucleus salivatorius inferior Inferior salivatory nucleus Inferior salivatory nucleus Nucleus of Kohnstamm;
Endnote 43
1056 Nuclei reticulares Reticular nuclei Reticular nuclei
1057 Nucleus reticularis centralis Central reticular nucleus Central reticular nucleus Central nucleus of medulla
oblongata
1058 Pars dorsalis Dorsal part Dorsal part
1059 Pars ventralis Ventral part Ventral part Nucleus reticularis medialis
1060 Nucleus gigantocellularis Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Gigantocellular reticular nucleus
1061 Nucleus gigantocellularis proper Proper gigantocellular nucleus Proper gigantocellular nucleus
1062 Pars alpha Pars alpha Pars alpha Pars alpha of Meessen-Olszewski
1063 Nucleus gigantocellularis anterior Nucleus gigantocellularis ventralis Anterior gigantocellular reticular Anterior gigantocellular reticular Ventral gigantocellular nucleus
nucleus nucleus
1064 Nucleus paragigantocellularis Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus
lateralis
1065 Nucleus reticularis parvocellularis Parvocellular reticular nucleus Parvocellular reticular nucleus
1066 Nucleus paragigantocellularis Nucleus paragigantocellularis Posterior paragigantocellular Posterior paragigantocellular Dorsal paragigantocellular reticular
posterior dorsalis reticular nucleus reticular nucleus nucleus
1067 Zona reticularis intermedia Nucleus reticularis intermedius Intermediate reticular zone Intermediate reticular zone Intermediate reticular zone Endnote 44
1068 Centrum respiratorium ventrale Rostral ventral respiratory group Rostral ventral respiratory group
rostrale
1069 Centrum respiratorium ventrale Caudal ventral respiratory group Caudal ventral respiratory group
caudale
1070 Centrum expiratorium medullae Medullary expiratory centre Medullary expiratory center Bötzinger group of expiratory
neurons
1071 Centrum generans motuum Centre generating respiratory Center generating respiratory Pre-Bötzinger cells, generating
respiratorium rhythm rhythm respiratory rhythm
1072 Centrum vasomotorium medullae Rostral ventrolateral medullary Rostral ventrolateral medullary
ventrolaterale rostrale vasomotor neurons vasomotor neurons
1073 Centrum vasomotorium medullae Caudal ventrolateral medullary Caudal ventrolateral medullary
ventrolaterale caudale vasomotor neurons vasomotor neurons
1074 Nuclei neuromodulatorii Neuromodulatory nuclei Neuromodulatory nuclei
1075 Nuclei raphes Cellulae serotonergicae Raphe nuclei Raphe nuclei Serotonergic cell groups Raphe medullae oblongatae
1076 Nucleus raphes pallidus Cellulae serotonergicae B1 Raphe pallidus nucleus Raphe pallidus nucleus Serotonergic cell group B1 Pallidal raphe nucleus
1077 Nucleus raphes obscurus Cellulae serotonergicae B2 Raphe obscurus nucleus Raphe obscurus nucleus Serotonergic cell group B2 Obscurus raphe nucleus
1078 Nucleus raphes magnus Cellulae serotonergicae B3 Raphe magnus nucleus Raphe magnus nucleus Serotonergic cell group B3 Magnus raphe nucleus

1079 Cellulae adrenergicae Adrenergic cells Epinephric cells
1080 Cellulae adrenergicae medullae Cellulae adrenergicae C1, C2 Adrenergic cells in medulla Epinephric cells in medulla Adrenergic cell groups C1, C2;
oblongatae oblongata oblongata Epinephric cells C1, C2
1081 Cellulae noradrenergicae Noradrenergic cells Norepinephric cells
1082 Cellulae noradrenergicae medullae Cellulae noradrenergicae A1, A2 Noradrenergic cells in medulla Norepinephric cells in medulla Noradrenergic cell groups A1, A2;
oblongatae oblongata oblongata Norepinephric cell groups A1, A2
1083 Nuclei limbici Limbic nuclei Limbic nuclei
1084 Nucleus retroambiguus Retroambiguus nucleus Retroambiguus nucleus
1085 Nuclei precerebellares Precerebellar nuclei Precerebellar nuclei
1086 Complexus olivaris inferior Nuclei olivares inferiores Inferior olivary complex Inferior olivary complex Inferior olivary nuclei
1087 Nucleus olivaris principalis Principal olivary nucleus Principal olivary nucleus
1088 Lamella posterior Lamella dorsalis Posterior lamella Posterior lamella Dorsal lamella
1089 Lamella anterior Lamella ventralis Anterior lamella Anterior lamella Ventral lamella
1090 Lamella lateralis Lateral lamella Lateral lamella
1091 Hilum nuclei olivaris inferioris Hilum of inferior olivary nucleus Hilum of inferior olivary nucleus
1092 Nucleus olivaris accessorius Nucleus olivaris accessorius Posterior accessory olivary Posterior accessory olivary Dorsal accessory olivary nucleus
posterior dorsalis nucleus nucleus
1093 Nucleus olivaris accessorius Medial accessory olivary nucleus Medial accessory olivary nucleus
medialis
1094 Nucleus reticularis lateralis Lateral reticular nucleus Lateral reticular nucleus
1097 Pars subtrigeminalis Subtrigeminal part Subtrigeminal part
1098 Nuclei perihypoglossales Perihypoglossal nuclei Perihypoglossal nuclei
1099 Nucleus subhypoglossalis Subhypoglossal nucleus Subhypoglossal nucleus Nucleus of Roller
1100 Nucleus intercalatus Intercalated nucleus Intercalated nucleus Nucleus of Staderini
1101 Nucleus prepositus Prepositus nucleus Prepositus nucleus Nucleus of Marburg
1102 Nucleus arcuatus Arcuate nucleus Arcuate nucleus
1103 Nucleus conterminalis Conterminal nucleus Conterminal nucleus Endnote 45
1104 Nucleus interfascicularis nervi Interfascicular nucleus of Interfascicular nucleus of
hypoglossi hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerve
1105 Nucleus pontobulbaris Pontobulbar nucleus Pontobulbar nucleus
1106 Nuclei tractus paramediani Paramedian tract nuclei Paramedian tract nuclei Endnote 46
1107 Nucleus interfascicularis Medullary interfascicular nucleus Medullary interfascicular nucleus PMT cell group 1
medullae
1108 Nuclei pararapheales Pararaphe nuclei Pararaphe nuclei PMT cell group 2
1109 Nucleus paramedianus posterior Nucleus paramedianus dorsalis Posterior paramedian nucleus Posterior paramedian nucleus Dorsal paramedian nucleus Nucleus funiculi anterioris;
Nucleus of Jacobsohn; Endnote 47

1111 Radices centrales Central roots Central roots Medullary parts
1112 Fasciculus gracilis Gracile fasciculus Gracile fasciculus Tract of Goll
1113 Fasciculus cuneatus Cuneate fasciculus Cuneate fasciculus Tract of Burdach
1114 Tractus solitarius Solitary tract Solitary tract
1115 Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve

1117 Tractus ascendentes medullae Ascending tracts from spinal Ascending tracts from spinal Medullary parts
spinalis cord cord
1118 Tractus anterolateralis Lemniscus spinalis Anterolateral tract Anterolateral tract Spinal lemniscus
1119 Fibrae spinobulbares Spinobulbar fibres Spinobulbar fibers
1120 Fibrae spinoreticulares bulbi Bulbar spinoreticular fibres Bulbar spinoreticular fibers
1121 Tractus cervicothalamicus Cervicothalamic tract Cervicothalamic tract
1122 Tractus spinoolivaris Spino-olivary tract Spinoolivary tract
1123 Fibrae spinovestibulares Spinovestibular fibres Spinovestibular fibers
1124 Tractus ascendentes trunci Ascending tracts from brain Ascending tracts from brain Medullary parts
encephalici stem stem
1125 Lemniscus medialis Medial lemniscus Medial lemniscus
1126 Fibrae arcuatae internae Internal arcuate fibres Internal arcuate fibers
1127 Decussatio lemniscorum Decussation of medial lemnisci Decussation of medial lemnisci Sensory decussation
medialium
1128 Tractus trigeminothalamici Trigeminothalamic tracts Trigeminothalamic tracts Endnote 48
1129 Tractus trigeminothalamicus Tractus trigeminothalamicus Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Anterior trigeminothalamic tract Ventral trigeminothalamic tract;
anterior ventralis; Lemniscus trigeminalis Trigeminal lemniscus
1130 Tractus trigeminothalamicus Lateral trigeminothalamic tract Lateral trigeminothalamic tract
lateralis
1131 Connexus cerebelli Cerebellar connections Cerebellar connections Medullary parts
1132 Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior Inferior cerebellar peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle
1133 Corpus restiforme Restiform body Restiform body
1134 Tractus spinocerebellaris Tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis Posterior spinocerebellar tract Posterior spinocerebellar tract Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Tract of Flechsig
posterior
1135 Tractus spinocerebellaris Rostral spinocerebellar tract Rostral spinocerebellar tract
rostralis
1136 Fibrae cuneocerebellares Cuneocerebellar fibres Cuneocerebellar fibers
1137 Fibrae arcuatae externae Fibrae arcuatae externae dorsales Posterior external arcuate Posterior external arcuate Dorsal external arcuate fibres;
posteriores fibres fibers Dorsal external arcuate fibers
1138 Fibrae arcuatae externae Fibrae arcuatae externae ventrales Anterior external arcuate fibres Anterior external arcuate fibers Ventral external arcuate fibres;
anteriores Ventral external arcuate fibers
1139 Fibrae trigeminocerebellares Trigeminocerebellar fibres Trigeminocerebellar fibers
1140 Tractus olivocerebellaris Olivocerebellar tract Olivocerebellar tract
1141 Fibrae nucleocerebellares Nucleocerebellar fibres Nucleocerebellar fibers
1142 Fibrae raphecerebellares Raphecerebellar fibres Raphecerebellar fibers

1143 Corpus juxtarestiforme Juxtarestiform body Juxtarestiform body
1144 Fibrae vestibulocerebellares Vestibulocerebellar fibres Vestibulocerebellar fibers
1145 Fibrae vestibulocerebellares Primary vestibulocerebellar Primary vestibulocerebellar
primariae fibres fibers
1146 Fibrae vestibulocerebellares Secondary vestibulocerebellar Secondary vestibulocerebellar
secundariae fibres fibers
1147 Fibrae cerebellovestibulares Cerebellovestibular fibres Cerebellovestibular fibers
1148 Fibrae fastigiobulbares Fastigiobulbar fibres Fastigiobulbar fibers
1149 Fibrae fastigiospinales Fastigiospinal fibres Fastigiospinal fibers
1150 Tractus spinocerebellaris anterior Tractus spinocerebellaris ventralis Anterior spinocerebellar tract Anterior spinocerebellar tract Ventral spinocerebellar tract Tract of Gowers
1151 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Medullary parts

1152 Tractus pyramidalis Pyramidal tract Pyramidal tract
1153 Fibrae corticospinales Corticospinal fibres Corticospinal fibers
1154 Fibrae corticonucleares bulbi Bulbar corticonuclear fibres Bulbar corticonuclear fibers
1155 Fibrae corticoreticulares Corticoreticular fibres Corticoreticular fibers
1156 Decussatio pyramidum Decussation of pyramids Decussation of pyramids Motor decussation
1157 Fibrae amygdalotegmentales Amygdalotegmental fibres Amygdalotegmental fibers
1159 Tractus tegmentalis medialis Medial tegmental tract Medial tegmental tract
1160 Tractus pretectoolivaris Pretecto-olivary tract Pretectoolivary tract
1161 Tractus prerubroolivaris Prerubro-olivary tract Prerubroolivary tract
1162 Tractus tectobulbaris Tectobulbar tract Tectobulbar tract
1163 Fibrae tectoreticulares Tectoreticular fibres Tectoreticular fibers
1164 Fibrae tectoolivares Tecto-olivary fibres Tectoolivary fibers
1166 Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis Medial longitudinal fasciculus Medial longitudinal fasciculus
1168 Tractus vestibulospinalis medialis Medial vestibulospinal tract Medial vestibulospinal tract
1169 Fasciculus longitudinalis posterior Fasciculus longitudinalis dorsalis Posterior longitudinal fasciculus Posterior longitudinal fasciculus Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Bundle of Schütz
1171 Tractus tegmentalis centralis Central tegmental tract Central tegmental tract
1172 Tractus rubroolivaris Rubro-olivary tract Rubroolivary tract
1173 Amiculum olivare Amiculum of olive Amiculum of olive
1175 Tractus cerebellospinales Cerebellospinal tracts Cerebellospinal tracts
1176 Tractus fastigiospinalis Fastigiospinal tract Fastigiospinal tract
1177 Tractus interpositospinalis Interpositospinal tract Interpositospinal tract
1178 Tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis Lateral vestibulospinal tract Lateral vestibulospinal tract
1179 Tractus reticulospinales Reticulospinal tracts Reticulospinal tracts
1180 Tractus reticulospinalis lateralis Tractus bulboreticulospinalis Lateral reticulospinal tract Lateral reticulospinal tract Medullary reticulospinal tract;
Bulboreticulospinal tract
1181 Tractus reticulospinalis medialis Tractus pontoreticulospinalis Medial reticulospinal tract Medial reticulospinal tract Pontine reticulospinal tract; Tractus reticulospinalis anterior
1182 Tractus raphespinales Raphespinal tracts Raphespinal tracts
1183 Tractus raphespinalis lateralis Lateral raphespinal tract Lateral raphespinal tract
1184 Tractus raphespinalis anterior Tractus raphespinalis ventralis Anterior raphespinal tract Anterior raphespinal tract Ventral raphespinal tract
1185 Tractus solitariospinalis Solitariospinal tract Solitariospinal tract
1186 PONS PONS PONS Endnote 49

1188 Angulus pontocerebellaris Cerebellopontine angle Cerebellopontine angle
1189 Sulcus basilaris Basilar sulcus Basilar sulcus
1190 Sulcus bulbopontinus Medullopontine sulcus Medullopontine sulcus

1192 Pars basilaris pontis Basal part of pons Basal part of pons
1193 Substantia grisea Grey matter Gray matter Grey substance; Gray substance

1194 Nuclei pontis Pontine nuclei Pontine nuclei
1195 Nucleus anterior Nucleus ventralis Anterior nucleus Anterior nucleus Ventral nucleus
1196 Nucleus lateralis Lateral nucleus Lateral nucleus
1197 Nucleus medianus Median nucleus Median nucleus
1198 Nucleus paramedianus Paramedian nucleus Paramedian nucleus
1199 Nucleus peduncularis Peduncular nucleus Peduncular nucleus
1200 Nucleus posterior Nucleus dorsalis Posterior nucleus Posterior nucleus Dorsal nucleus
1201 Nucleus posterior lateralis Nucleus dorsalis lateralis Posterolateral nucleus Posterolateral nucleus Dorsolateral nucleus
1202 Nucleus posterior medialis Nucleus dorsalis medialis Posteromedial nucleus Posteromedial nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus
1204 Fibrae pontis longitudinales Longitudinal pontine fibres Longitudinal pontine fibers
1206 Fibrae corticonucleares pontis Pontine corticonuclear fibres Pontine corticonuclear fibers
1208 Fibrae corticopontinae Corticopontine fibres Corticopontine fibers
1209 Fibrae frontopontinae Frontopontine fibres Frontopontine fibers Tract of Arnold
1210 Fibrae occipitopontinae Occipitopontine fibres Occipitopontine fibers
1211 Fibrae parietopontinae Parietopontine fibres Parietopontine fibers
1212 Fibrae temporopontinae Temporopontine fibres Temporopontine fibers Tract of Türck
1213 Fibrae pontis transversae Fibrae pontocerebellares Transverse pontine fibres Transverse pontine fibers Pontocerebellar fibres;
Pontocerebellar fibers
1214 Tegmentum pontis Pontine tegmentum Pontine tegmentum

1217 Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
1218 Subnucleus oralis Oral subnucleus Oral subnucleus
1219 Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini Principal sensory nucleus of Principal sensory nucleus of
trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerve
1220 Nucleus posteromedialis Nucleus dorsomedialis Posteromedial nucleus Posteromedial nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus
1221 Nucleus anterolateralis Nucleus ventrolateralis Anterolateral nucleus Anterolateral nucleus Ventrolateral nucleus
1222 Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi Mesencephalic nucleus of Mesencephalic nucleus of
trigemini trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerve
1223 Nuclei viscerosensorii Viscerosensory nuclei Viscerosensory nuclei
1224 Nucleus ovalis Rostrum nuclei solitarii Oval nucleus Oval nucleus Rostral tip of solitary nucleus
1225 Nuclei vestibulares Vestibular nuclei Vestibular nuclei
1226 Nucleus vestibularis medialis Medial vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Nucleus of Schwalbe
1229 Nucleus vestibularis lateralis Lateral vestibular nucleus Lateral vestibular nucleus Nucleus of Deiters
1230 Pars parvocellularis Parvocellular part Parvocellular part Cell group L
1231 Nucleus vestibularis superior Superior vestibular nucleus Superior vestibular nucleus Nucleus of von Bechterew
1234 Nucleus interstitialis nervi Interstitial nucleus of vestibular Interstitial nucleus of vestibular
vestibularis nerve nerve

1235 Nuclei acustici Nuclei auditorii Auditory nuclei Auditory nuclei For the cochlear nuclei, see
Myelencephalon.
1236 Complexus olivaris superior Superior olivary complex Superior olivary complex
1237 Nucleus olivaris superior lateralis Lateral superior olivary nucleus Lateral superior olivary nucleus
1238 Nucleus olivaris superior medialis Medial superior olivary nucleus Medial superior olivary nucleus
1239 Nuclei periolivares Periolivary nuclei Periolivary nuclei
1240 Nuclei mediales Medial nuclei Medial nuclei
1241 Nuclei laterales Lateral nuclei Lateral nuclei
1242 Nucleus corporis trapezoidei Nucleus of trapezoid body Nucleus of trapezoid body Endnote 50
1243 Nuclei lemnisci lateralis Nuclei of lemniscus lateralis Nuclei of lemniscus lateralis
1244 Nucleus dorsalis lemnisci Nucleus posterior lemnisci lateralis Dorsal nucleus of lemniscus Dorsal nucleus of lemniscus Posterior nucleus of lemniscus
lateralis lateralis lateralis lateralis
1245 Nucleus ventralis lemnisci Nucleus anterior lemnisci lateralis Ventral nucleus of lemniscus Ventral nucleus of lemniscus Anterior nucleus of lemniscus
lateralis lateralis lateralis lateralis
1247 Nucleus nervi abducentis Nucleus of abducens nerve Nucleus of abducens nerve Endnote 51
1248 Nucleus nervi trochlearis Nucleus of trochlear nerve Nucleus of trochlear nerve
1249 Nuclei branchiomotorii Branchiomotor nuclei Branchiomotor nuclei
1250 Nucleus retrofacialis Nucleus facialis accessorius Retrofacial nucleus Retrofacial nucleus Accessory facial nucleus Endnote 52
1251 Nucleus nervi facialis Motor nucleus of facial nerve Motor nucleus of facial nerve
1252 Nucleus retrotrigeminalis Nucleus trigeminalis accessorius Retrotrigeminal nucleus Retrotrigeminal nucleus Accessory trigeminal nucleus Endnote 53
1253 Nucleus motorius nervi trigemini Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
1254 Nuclei visceromotorii Visceromotor nuclei Visceromotor nuclei
1255 Nucleus salivatorius superior Superior salivatory nucleus Superior salivatory nucleus Nucleus of Kohnstamm
1257 Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis Caudal pontine reticular nucleus Caudal pontine reticular nucleus Endnote 54
1258 Formatio reticularis pontis Paramedian pontine reticular Paramedian pontine reticular
paramedianus formation formation
1259 Nucleus raphes interpositus Interposed raphe nucleus Interposed raphe nucleus
1260 Nucleus reticularis pontis oralis Nucleus reticularis pontis rostralis Oral pontine reticular nucleus Oral pontine reticular nucleus Rostral pontine reticular nucleus
1261 Nucleus paralemniscalis Paralemniscal nucleus Paralemniscal nucleus
1263 Nuclei raphes Cellulae serotonergicae Raphe nuclei Raphe nuclei Serotonergic cell groups Raphe pontis
1264 Nucleus raphes magnus Cellulae serotonergicae B3 Raphe magnus nucleus Raphe magnus nucleus Serotonergic cell group B3 Magnus raphe nucleus
1265 Nucleus raphes pontis Cellulae serotonergicae B5 Pontine raphe nucleus Pontine raphe nucleus Serotonergic cell group B5
1266 Nucleus raphes medianus Cellulae serotonergicae B6 Median raphe nucleus Median raphe nucleus Serotonergic cell group B6 Superior central nucleus
1267 Nucleus raphes dorsalis Cellulae serotonergicae B7 Dorsal raphe nucleus Dorsal raphe nucleus Serotonergic cell group B7 Nucleus raphes posterior
(Posterior raphe nucleus)
1268 Cellulae serotonergicae areae Cellulae serotonergicae B4 Serotonergic cells of vestibular Serotonergic cells of vestibular Serotonergic cell group B4
vestibularis area area
1269 Nuclei noradrenergici Noradrenergic nuclei Norepinephric nuclei
1270 Nucleus caeruleus Nucleus noradrenergicus A6 Caerulean nucleus Caerulean nucleus Coerulean nucleus; Noradrenergic
nucleus A6; Norepinephric nucleus
A6; Locus coeruleus
1271 Nucleus subcaeruleus Subcaerulean nucleus Subcaerulean nucleus Subcoerulean nucleus
1272 Cellulae noradrenergicae Cellulae noradrenergicae A4 Noradrenergic cells of superior Norepinephric cells of superior Noradrenergic cell group A4;
pedunculi cerebellaris superioris cerebellar peduncle cerebellar peduncle Norepinephric cell group A4

1273 Cellulae noradrenergicae pontis Cellulae noradrenergicae A5 Noradrenergic cells in caudolateral Norepinephric cells in caudolateral Noradrenergic cell group A5;
caudales laterales pons pons Norepinephric cell group A5
1274 Cellulae noradrenergicae nuclei Cellulae noradrenergicae A7 Noradrenergic cells in nucleus of Norepinephric cells in nucleus of Noradrenergic cell group A7;
lemnisci lateralis lateral lemniscus lateral lemniscus Norepinephric cell group A7
1275 Nuclei cholinergici Cholinergic nuclei Cholinergic nuclei
1276 Nucleus tegmentalis dorsolateralis Nucleus tegmentalis Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Lateroposterior tegmental nucleus;
posterolateralis; Nucleus Cholinergic nucleus Ch6
cholinergicus Ch6
1277 Nucleus tegmentalis Nucleus cholinergicus Ch5 Pedunculopontine tegmental Pedunculopontine tegmental Cholinergic nucleus Ch5
pedunculopontinus nucleus nucleus
1278 Pars compacta Compact part Compact part
1279 Pars dissipata Dissipated part Dissipated part
1281 Nuclei parabrachiales Parabrachial nuclei Parabrachial nuclei
1282 Nucleus parabrachialis lateralis Lateral parabrachial nucleus Lateral parabrachial nucleus
1283 Pars lateralis Subnucleus lateralis Lateral part Lateral part Lateral subnucleus
1284 Pars medialis Subnucleus medialis Medial part Medial part Medial subnucleus
1285 Pars posterior Pars dorsalis Posterior part Posterior part Dorsal part
1286 Pars anterior Pars ventralis Anterior part Anterior part Ventral part
1287 Nucleus parabrachialis medialis Medial parabrachial nucleus Medial parabrachial nucleus
1288 Pars medialis Subnucleus medialis Medial part Medial part Medial subnucleus
1289 Pars lateralis Subnucleus lateralis Lateral part Lateral part Lateral subnucleus
1290 Nucleus subparabrachialis Subparabrachial nucleus Subparabrachial nucleus Nucleus of Kölliker-Fuse
1291 Centrum micturitionis Regio M Pontine micturition centre Pontine micturition center M-region Nucleus of Barrington;
Endnote 55
1292 Regio L L-region L-region
1293 Nucleus tegmentalis ventralis Nucleus tegmentalis anterior Ventral tegmental nucleus Ventral tegmental nucleus Anterior tegmental nucleus Nucleus of von Gudden
1294 Nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis Nucleus tegmentalis posterior Dorsal tegmental nucleus Dorsal tegmental nucleus Posterior tegmental nucleus Nucleus of von Gudden
1296 Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis Reticulotegmental nucleus Reticulotegmental nucleus Eponym: von Bechterew
1297 Nucleus supralemniscalis Supralemniscal nucleus Supralemniscal nucleus
1298 Nuclei tractus paramediani Paramedian tract nuclei Paramedian tract nuclei Endnote 46
1299 Nucleus supragenualis Supragenual nucleus Supragenual nucleus PMT cell group 3
1300 Cupula rostralis nuclei nervi Rostral cap of abducens nucleus Rostral cap of abducens nucleus PMT cell group 4a
abducentis
1301 Subnucleus dorsalis nuclei Dorsal subnucleus of nucleus Dorsal subnucleus of nucleus PMT cell group 5b + 5c
raphes pontis raphes pontis raphes pontis
1302 Nucleus intrafascicularis areae Intrafascicular nucleus of Intrafascicular nucleus of PMT cell group 5a Nuclei interstitiales fasciculi
preabducentis preabducent area preabducent area longitudinalis medialis.
1303 Cellulae pontinae medianae Dorsal midline pontine group Dorsal midline pontine group PMT cell group 6
dorsales
1305 Radices centrales Central roots Central roots Pontine parts
1306 Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve
1307 Tractus mesencephalicus nervi Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal
trigemini nerve nerve
1308 Genu nervi facialis Genu of facial nerve Genu of facial nerve

1309 Decussatio fibrarum nervorum Decussation of trochlear nerves Decussation of trochlear nerves
trochlearium
1310 Tractus proprii Intrinsic tracts Intrinsic tracts
1311 Tractus olivocochlearis Olivocochlear bundle Olivocochlear bundle Bundle of Rasmussen
1313 Tractus ascendentes medullae Ascending tracts from spinal Ascending tracts from spinal Pontine parts
spinalis cord cord
1315 Fibrae spinopontinae Spinopontine fibres Spinopontine fibers
1316 Fibrae spino-reticulares Pontine spinoreticular fibres Pontine spinoreticular fibers
pontinae
1317 Fibrae spinofaciales Spinofacial fibres Spinofacial fibers
1318 Fibrae spinoparabrachiales Spinoparabrachial fibres Spinoparabrachial fibers
1319 Tractus ascendentes trunci Ascending tracts from brain Ascending tracts from brain Pontine parts
1321 Tractus trigeminothalamici Trigeminothalamic tracts Trigeminothalamic tracts
lateralis
1324 Tractus trigeminothalamicus Tractus trigeminothalamicus Posterior trigeminothalamic tract Posterior trigeminothalamic tract Dorsal trigeminothalamic tract Tract of Wallenberg
posterior dorsalis
1325 Fibrae gustatoriae Ascending gustatory fibres Ascending gustatory fibers
1326 Tractus vestibulomesencephalici Vestibulomesencephalic tracts Vestibulomesencephalic tracts Endnote 56
1327 Tractus Medial vestibulomesencephalic Medial vestibulomesencephalic
vestibulomesencephalicus medialis tract tract
1328 Tractus Lateral vestibulomesencephalic Lateral vestibulomesencephalic
vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis tract tract
1329 Tractus Ventral vestibulomesencephalic Ventral vestibulomesencephalic
vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis tract tract
1330 Tractus vestibulothalamicus Vestibulothalamic tract Vestibulothalamic tract Endnote 57
1331 Projectiones auditoriae Auditory projections Auditory projections
1332 Corpus trapezoideum Trapezoid body Trapezoid body
1333 Striae cochleares Acoustic striae Acoustic striae
1334 Stria cochlearis anterior Stria cochlearis ventralis Anterior acoustic stria Anterior acoustic stria Ventral acoustic stria
1335 Stria cochlearis intermedia Intermediate acoustic stria Intermediate acoustic stria
1336 Stria cochlearis posterior Stria cochlearis dorsalis Posterior acoustic stria Posterior acoustic stria Dorsal acoustic stria
1337 Lemniscus lateralis Lateral lemniscus Lateral lemniscus
1338 Commissura nucleorum Commissure of dorsal nuclei of Commissure of dorsal nuclei of Commissure of Probst
dorsalium lemniscorum lateralium lateral lemniscus lateral lemniscus
1339 Fibrae ascendentes Ascending monoaminergic fibres Ascending monoaminergic fibers
monoaminergicae
1340 Fibrae ascendentes Ascending serotonergic fibres Ascending serotonergic fibers
serotonergicae
1341 Fibrae ascendentes Ascending noradrenergic fibres Ascending noradrenergic fibers
noradrenergicae

1342 Tractus efferentes cerebelli Cerebellar efferent tracts Cerebellar efferent tracts Pontine parts
1343 Pedunculus cerebellaris medius Middle cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle
1344 Pedunculus cerebellaris superior Superior cerebellar peduncle Superior cerebellar peduncle
1345 Brachium conjunctivum Brachium conjunctivum Brachium conjunctivum
1346 Ramus ascendens Ascending branch Ascending branch
1347 Ramus descendens Descending branch Descending branch
1348 Fasciculus uncinatus cerebelli Uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum Uncinate fasciculus of cerebellum Bundle of Russell
1349 Fibrae cerebelloolivares Fibrae nucleoolivares Cerebello-olivary fibres Cerebelloolivary fibers Nucleo-olivary fibres; Nucleoolivary
fibers
1350 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Pontine parts
1351 Fibrae amygdalotegmentales Amygdalotegmental fibres Amygdalotegmental fibres
1358 Fibrae rubrocerebellares Rubrocerebellar fibres Rubrocerebellar fibers
1359 Fibrae rubrofaciales Rubrofacial fibres Rubrofacial fibers
1363 Tractus reticulospinales Reticulospinal tracts Reticulospinal tracts
1364 Tractus reticulospinalis medialis Tractus pontoreticulospinalis Medial reticulospinal tract Medial reticulospinal tract Pontine reticulospinal tract;
1365 MESENCEPHALON MESENCEPHALON MESENCEPHALON Midbrain

1367 Lamina quadrigemina Lamina tecti Quadrigeminal plate Quadrigeminal plate Tectal plate
1368 Colliculus inferior Inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus
1369 Colliculus superior Superior colliculus Superior colliculus
1370 Trigonum lemnisci lateralis Trigone of lateral lemniscus Trigone of lateral lemniscus
1371 Sulcus lateralis mesencephali Lateral groove Lateral groove
1372 Pedunculus cerebri Crus cerebri Cerebral peduncle Cerebral peduncle Cerebral crus Endnote 58
1373 Sulcus nervi oculomotorii Oculomotor sulcus Oculomotor sulcus
1374 Fossa interpeduncularis Interpeduncular fossa Interpeduncular fossa
1375 Substantia perforata posterior Posterior perforated substance Posterior perforated substance Fossa of Tarin

1377 Pedunculus cerebri Crus cerebri Cerebral peduncle Cerebral peduncle Cerebral crus
1378 Tractus pyramidalis Pyramidal tract Pyramidal tract Mesencephalic parts
1379 Fibrae corticomesencephalicae Corticomesencephalic fibres Corticomesencephalic fibers
1380 Fibrae corticorubrales Corticorubral fibres Corticorubral fibers
1381 Tractus corticopontini Corticopontine tracts Corticopontine tracts Mesencephalic parts
1382 Tractus frontopontinus Frontopontine tract Frontopontine tract
1383 Tractus occipitoparieto- Occipitoparietotemporopontine Occipitoparietotemporopontine

temporopontinus tract tract
1384 Tegmentum mesencephali Mesencephalic tegmentum Mesencephalic tegmentum

1387 Nucleus intercollicularis Intercollicular nucleus Intercollicular nucleus Endnote 59
1388 Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi Mesencephalic nucleus of Mesencephalic nucleus of
trigemini trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerve
1389 Nuclei acustici Nuclei auditorii Auditory nuclei Auditory nuclei
1390 Nucleus saguli Sagulum Sagulum nucleus Sagulum nucleus Nucleus of Ziehen
1391 Nucleus brachii colliculi inferioris Nucleus of brachium of inferior Nucleus of brachium of inferior
colliculus colliculus
1392 Nucleus subbrachialis Subbrachial nucleus Subbrachial nucleus
1393 Nuclei visuales Visual nuclei Visual nuclei
1394 Nucleus terminalis lateralis Lateral terminal nucleus Lateral terminal nucleus Endnote 60
1396 Nucleus nervi oculomotorii Nucleus of oculomotor nerve Nucleus of oculomotor nerve Endnote 61
1397 Nucleus caudalis centralis Central caudal nucleus Central caudal nucleus Nucleus of Tsuchida
1398 Nucleus interoculomotorius Interoculomotor nucleus Interoculomotor nucleus Nucleus of Perlia
1399 Nuclei visceromotorii Visceromotor nuclei Visceromotor nuclei Endnote 62
1400 Nuclei accessorii nervi oculomotorii Accessory nuclei of oculomotor Accessory nuclei of oculomotor
nerve nerve
1401 Pars preganglionica Preganglionic part Preganglionic part
1402 Pars nonganglionica Nonganglionic, projecting part Nonganglionic, projecting part
1403 Nucleus anteromedialis Anterior medial nucleus Anterior medial nucleus Ventral medial nucleus Medial accessory oculomotor
nucleus
1405 Nucleus cuneiformis Cuneiform nucleus Cuneiform nucleus Endnote 63
1406 Regio locomotoria Mesencephalic locomotor region Mesencephalic locomotor region
mesencephalica
1407 Formatio reticularis mesencephali Mesencephalic reticular formation Mesencephalic reticular formation Central tegmental field
1408 Nucleus intracuneiformis Intracuneiform nucleus Intracuneiform nucleus
1410 Nuclei raphes Cellulae serotonergicae Raphe nuclei Raphe nuclei Serotonergic cell groups
1411 Nucleus raphes dorsalis Cellulae serotonergicae B7 Dorsal raphe nucleus Dorsal raphe nucleus Serotonergic cell group B7 Nucleus raphes posterior
1412 Nucleus raphes linearis Cellulae serotonergicae B8 Linear raphe nucleus Linear raphe nucleus Serotonergic cell group B8 Nucleus linearis inferior;
Endnote 64
1413 Nuclei dopaminergici Dopaminergic nuclei Dopaminergic nuclei
1414 Cellulae dopaminergicae Cellulae dopaminergicae A8 Dopaminergic cells in retrorubral Dopaminergic cells in retrorubral Dopaminergic cell group A8
retrorubrales area area
1415 Cellulae dopaminergicae partis Cellulae dopaminergicae A9 Dopaminergic cells in compact part Dopaminergic cells in compact part Dopaminergic cell group A9
compactae substantiae nigrae of substantia nigra of substantia nigra
1416 Cellulae dopaminergicae areae Cellulae dopaminergicae A10 Dopaminergic cells in ventral Dopaminergic cells in ventral Dopaminergic cell group A10
tegmentalis ventralis tegmental area tegmental area
1417 Substantia nigra Substantia nigra Substantia nigra Substance of von Soemmering
1418 Pars compacta Compact part Compact part Endnote 65
1419 Pars dorsalis Pars posterior Dorsal part Dorsal part Posterior part; Dorsal tier

1420 Subnucleus dorsolateralis Subnucleus posterolateralis Dorsolateral subnucleus Dorsolateral subnucleus Posterolateral subnucleus
1421 Subnucleus dorsomedialis Subnucleus posteromedialis Dorsomedial subnucleus Dorsomedial subnucleus Posteromedial subnucleus
1422 Pars ventralis Pars anterior Ventral part Ventral part Anterior part; Ventral tier
1423 Subnucleus ventrolateralis Subnucleus anterolateralis Ventrolateral subnucleus Ventrolateral subnucleus Anterolateral subnucleus
1424 Subnucleus Subnucleus anterointermedius Ventro-intermediate Ventrointermediate Antero-intermediate subnucleus;
ventrointermedius subnucleus subnucleus Anterointermediate subnucleus
1425 Subnucleus ventromedialis Subnucleus anteromedialis Ventromedial subnucleus Ventromedial subnucleus Anteromedial subnucleus
1426 Pars lateralis Lateral part Lateral part
1427 Pars medialis Medial part Medial part
1428 Pars reticulata Reticular part Reticular part Pars reticularis
1429 Nuclei tegmentales ventrales Nuclei tegmentales anteriores Ventral tegmental nuclei Ventral tegmental nuclei Anterior tegmental nuclei Ventral tegmental area of Tsai;
Endnote 66
1430 Nucleus linearis caudalis Nucleus linearis inferior Caudal linear nucleus Caudal linear nucleus Inferior linear nucleus
1431 Nucleus linearis rostralis Nucleus linearis superior Rostral linear nucleus Rostral linear nucleus Superior linear nucleus
1432 Nucleus paranigralis Paranigral nucleus Paranigral nucleus
1433 Nucleus interfascicularis Interfascicular nucleus Interfascicular nucleus
1434 Nucleus parabrachialis Parabrachial pigmented nucleus Parabrachial pigmented nucleus
pigmentosus
1435 Nucleus parapeduncularis Parapeduncular nucleus Parapeduncular nucleus
1436 Nuclei cholinergici Cholinergic nuclei Cholinergic nuclei
1437 Nucleus tegmentalis Nucleus cholinergicus Ch5 Pedunculopontine tegmental Pedunculopontine tegmental Cholinergic nucleus Ch5
pedunculopontinus nucleus nucleus
1438 Nucleus parabigeminalis Nucleus cholinergicus Ch8 Parabigeminal nucleus Parabigeminal nucleus Cholinergic nucleus Ch8
1440 Nucleus interpeduncularis Interpeduncular nucleus Interpeduncular nucleus Ganglion of von Gudden
1441 Nucleus peripeduncularis Peripeduncular nucleus Peripeduncular nucleus
1443 Nucleus ruber Red nucleus Red nucleus
1446 Pars posteromedialis Pars dorsomedialis Posteromedial part Posteromedial part Dorsomedial part Nucleus of von Bechterew
1448 Radices centrales Central roots Central roots Mesencephalic parts
1449 Tractus mesencephalicus nervi Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal
trigemini nerve nerve
1451 Tractus ascendentes medullae Ascending tracts from spinal Ascending tracts from spinal Mesencephalic parts
spinalis cord cord
1453 Fibrae spinomesencephalicae Spinomesencephalic fibres Spinomesencephalic fibers
1454 Fibrae spinointercolliculares Spino-intercollicular fibres Spinointercollicular fibers
1455 Tractus ascendentes trunci Ascending tracts from brain Ascending tracts from brain Mesencephalic parts

1459 Tractus vestibulomesencephalici Vestibulomesencephalic tracts Vestibulomesencephalic tracts
1460 Tractus Medial vestibulomesencephalic Medial vestibulomesencephalic
vestibulomesencephalicus medialis tract tract
1461 Tractus Lateral vestibulomesencephalic Lateral vestibulomesencephalic
vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis tract tract
1462 Tractus Ventral vestibulomesencephalic Ventral vestibulomesencephalic
vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis tract tract
1463 Tractus vestibulothalamicus Vestibulothalamic tract Vestibulothalamic tract
1464 Fibrae nigrostriatales Nigrostriatal fibres Nigrostriatal fibers
1465 Tractus efferentes cerebelli Cerebellar efferent tracts Cerebellar efferent tracts Mesencephalic parts
1467 Brachium conjunctivum Brachium conjunctivum Brachium conjunctivum
1468 Decussatio pedunculorum Decussation of superior Decussation of superior Decussation of Wernekinck
cerebellarium superiorum cerebellar peduncles cerebellar peduncles
1469 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Mesencephalic parts
1470 Fibrae striatonigrales Striatonigral fibres Striatonigral fibers
1471 Fibrae pallidofugales Pallidofugal fibres Pallidofugal fibers
1472 Fibrae amygdalotegmentales Amygdalotegmental fibres Amygdalotegmental fibers
1475 Decussatio tegmentalis ventralis Decussatio tegmentalis anterior Decussation of rubrospinal tracts Decussation of rubrospinal tracts Ventral tegmental decussation; Decussation of Forel
Anterior tegmental decussation
1482 Tractus rubroolivaris Rubro-olivary tract Rubroolivary tract
1483 Structurae centrales Central mesencephalic Central mesencephalic

mesencephali structures structures
1485 Substantia grisea periaqueductalis Periaqueductal grey substance Periaqueductal gray substance Substantia grisea centralis
1486 Cellulae dopaminergicae Cellulae dopaminergicae A11 Dopaminergic cells of Dopaminergic cells of Dopaminergic cell group A11
periaqueductales periaqueductal grey periaqueductal gray
1489 Tracus ascendentes medullae Ascending tracts from spinal Ascending tracts from spinal Central mesencephalic part
spinalis cord cord
1491 Fibrae spinoperiaqueductales Spinoperiaqueductal fibres Spinoperiaqueductal fibers
1492 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Central mesencephalic part
1494 Aqueductus mesencephali Aqueductus cerebri Mesencephalic aqueduct Mesencephalic aqueduct Cerebral aqueduct Aqueduct of Sylvius

1495 Tectum mesencephali Mesencephalic tectum Mesencephalic tectum
1497 Colliculus inferior Inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus Endnote 67
1498 Nucleus centralis Central nucleus Central nucleus
1499 Nucleus externus Cortex externus External nucleus External nucleus External cortex
1500 Nucleus pericentralis Cortex dorsalis Pericentral nucleus Pericentral nucleus Dorsal cortex
1501 Stratum I corticis dorsalis Layer I of dorsal cortex Layer I of dorsal cortex
1502 Stratum II corticis dorsalis Layer II of dorsal cortex Layer II of dorsal cortex
1503 Stratum III corticis dorsalis Layer III of dorsal cortex Layer III of dorsal cortex
1504 Stratum IV corticis dorsalis Layer IV of dorsal cortex Layer IV of dorsal cortex
1505 Colliculus superior Superior colliculus Superior colliculus
1506 Stratum zonale Lamina I Zonal layer Zonal layer Layer I
1507 Stratum griseum superficiale Lamina II Superficial grey layer Superficial gray layer Layer II
1508 Stratum opticum Lamina III Optic layer Optic layer Layer III
1509 Stratum griseum intermedium Lamina IV Intermediate grey layer Intermediate gray layer Layer IV
1510 Stratum medullare intermedium Lamina V Intermediate white layer Intermediate white layer Layer V
1511 Stratum griseum profundum Lamina VI Deep grey layer Deep gray layer Lamina VI
1512 Stratum medullare profundum Lamina VII Deep white layer Deep white layer Layer VII
1514 Tractus commissurales Commissural tracts Commissural tracts
1515 Commissura colliculi inferioris Commissure of inferior colliculus Commissure of inferior colliculus
1516 Commissura colliculi superioris Commissure of superior colliculus Commissure of superior colliculus
1518 Tractus ascendentes medullae Ascending tracts from spinal Ascending tracts from spinal Tectal parts
spinalis cord cord
1520 Fibrae spinotectales Spinotectal fibres Spinotectal fibers
1521 Tractus ascendentes trunci Ascending tracts from brain Ascending tracts from brain Tectal parts
1523 Brachium colliculi inferioris Brachium of inferior colliculus Brachium of inferior colliculus
1524 Brachium colliculi superioris Brachium of superior colliculus Brachium of superior colliculus
1525 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Tectal parts
1527 Decussation tegmentalis dorsalis Decussatio tegmentalis posterior Decussation of tectobulbospinal Decussation of tectobulbospinal Dorsal tegmental decussation; Decussation of Meynert
tracts tracts Posterior tegmental decussation
1528 Tractus tectospinalis Tectospinal tract Tectospinal tract
1529 VENTRICULUS QUARTUS FOURTH VENTICLE FOURTH VENTICLE

1530 Tegmen ventriculi quarti Roof of fourth ventricle Roof of fourth ventricle
1531 Apertura mediana Median aperture Median aperture Aperture of Magendie
1532 Recessus lateralis Lateral recess Lateral recess
1533 Apertura lateralis Lateral aperture Lateral aperture Aperture of Luschka
1535 Tela choroidea Choroid membrane Choroid membrane
1536 Velum medullare inferius Inferior medullary velum Inferior medullary velum

1537 Fastigium Fastigium Fastigium
1538 Velum medullare superius Superior medullary velum Superior medullary velum Valve of Vieussens
1539 Frenulum veli medullaris Frenulum of superior medullary Frenulum of superior medullary
superioris velum velum
1540 Fossa rhomboidea Rhomboid fossa Rhomboid fossa Floor of fourth ventricle
1541 Sulcus medianus Median sulcus Median sulcus
1542 Sulcus limitans Sulcus limitans Sulcus limitans Sulcus of His
1543 Fovea superior Fovea superior Fovea superior
1544 Fovea inferior Fovea inferior Fovea inferior
1545 Funiculus separans Funiculus separans Funiculus separans
1546 Taenia cinerea Grey line Gray line Taenia cinerea; Tenia cinerea
1547 Trigonum nervi vagi Trigonum vagale Vagal trigone Vagal trigone Trigone of vagal nerve Trigone of Arnold
1548 Trigonum nervi hypoglossi Hypoglossal trigone Hypoglossal trigone Trigone of hypoglossal nerve
1549 Striae medullares ventriculi quarti Medullary striae of fourth Medullary striae of fourth Striae of Piccolomini
ventricle ventricle
1550 Area vestibularis Vestibular area Vestibular area
1551 Tuberculum acusticum Acoustic tubercle Acoustic tubercle
1552 Colliculus facialis Facial colliculus Facial colliculus
1553 Eminentia medialis Medial eminence Medial eminence
1554 Locus caeruleus Locus caeruleus Locus caeruleus Locus coeruleus
1555 CEREBELLUM CEREBELLUM CEREBELLUM

1557 Vermis cerebelli Vermis of cerebellum Vermis of cerebellum
1558 Hemispherium cerebelli Cerebellar hemisphere Cerebellar hemisphere Hemisphere of cerebellum
1559 Vallecula cerebelli Vallecula of cerebellum Vallecula of cerebellum
1560 Fissura cerebellomedullaris Cerebellomedullary fissure Cerebellomedullary fissure
1561 Fissura cerebellopontina Cerebellopontine fissure Cerebellopontine fissure
1562 Fissura cerebello-mesencephalica Cerebello-mesencephalic fissure Cerebello-mesencephalic fissure
1563 Fissurae interlobares cerebelli Interlobar fissures Interlobar fissures
1564 Fissura prima Fissura preclivalis Primary fissure Primary fissure Preclival fissure
1565 Fissura posterolateralis Posterolateral fissure Posterolateral fissure
1566 Corpus cerebelli Body of cerebellum Body of cerebellum

1567 Lobus anterior cerebelli Anterior lobe of cerebellum Anterior lobe of cerebellum
1568 Pars anterior vermis Anterior part of vermis Anterior part of vermis
1569 Lingula cerebelli Lobulus I Lingula Lingula Lobule I
1570 Lobulus centralis Central lobule Central lobule
1571 Lobulus II Lobule II Lobule II
1572 Lobulus III Lobule III Lobule III
1573 Culmen Culmen Culmen
1574 Lobulus IV Lobule IV Lobule IV
1575 Lobulus V Lobule V Lobule V
1576 Fissurae lobi anterioris cerebelli Fissures of anterior lobe Fissures of anterior lobe
1577 Fissura precentralis Fissura postlingualis Precentral fissure Precentral fissure Postlingual fissure
1578 Fissura postcentralis Fissura preculminalis Postcentral fissure Postcentral fissure Preculminate fissure

1579 Fissura intraculminalis Intraculminate fissure Intraculminate fissure
1580 Pars anterior hemispherii Anterior part of of cerebellar Anterior part of of cerebellar
cerebelli hemisphere hemisphere
1581 Vincingulum lingulae Lobulus HI Vincingulum Vincingulum Lobule HI Endnote 68
1582 Ala lobuli centralis Wing of central lobule Wing of central lobule
1583 Lobulus HII Lobule HII Lobule HII
1584 Lobulus HIII Lobule HIII Lobule HIII
1585 Lobulus quadrangularis anterior Anterior quadrangular lobule Anterior quadrangular lobule
1586 Lobulus HIV Lobule HIV Lobule HIV
1587 Lobulus HV Lobule HV Lobule HV
1588 Lobus posterior cerebelli Posterior lobe of cerebellum Posterior lobe of cerebellum
1589 Pars posterior vermis Posterior part of vermis Posterior part of vermis
1590 Declive Lobulus VI Declive Declive Lobule VI
1591 Folium vermis Lobulus VIIA Folium of vermis Folium of vermis Lobule VIIA
1592 Tuber Lobulus VIIB Tuber Tuber Lobule VIIB
1593 Pyramis Lobulus VIII Pyramis Pyramis Lobule VIII
1594 Lobulus VIIIA Lobule VIIIA Lobule VIIIA
1595 Lobulus VIIIB Lobule VIIIB Lobule VIIIB
1596 Uvula Lobulus IX Uvula Uvula Lobule IX
1597 Fissurae lobi posterioris Fissures of posterior lobe Fissures of posterior lobe
cerebelli
1598 Fissura posterior superior Fissura postclivalis Superior posterior fissure Superior posterior fissure Postclival fissure Posterior superior fissure
1599 Fissura horizontalis Fissura intercruralis Horizontal fissure Horizontal fissure Intercrural fissure
1600 Fissura lunogracilis Fissura ansoparamediana Lunogracile fissure Lunogracile fissure Ansoparamedian fissure
1601 Fissura prebiventralis Fissura prepyramidalis Prebiventral fissure Prebiventral fissure Prepyramidal fissure
1602 Fissura intrabiventralis Intrabiventral fissure Intrabiventral fissure Fissura anterior inferior
1603 Fissura secunda Fissura postpyramidalis Secondary fissure Secondary fissure Postpyramidal fissure
1604 Pars posterior hemispherii Posterior part of cerebellar Posterior part of cerebellar
cerebelli hemisphere hemisphere
1605 Lobulus quadrangularis posterior Lobulus simplex; Lobulus HVI Posterior quadrangular lobule Posterior quadrangular lobule Simple lobule; Lobule HVI
1606 Lobuli semilunares Lobulus ansiformis; Lobulus HVIIA Semilunar lobules Semilunar lobules Ansiform lobule; Lobule HVIIA Lobule of Bolk
1607 Lobulus semilunaris superior Crus I lobuli ansiformis; Lobulus Superior semilunar lobule Superior semilunar lobule Crus I of Lobule HVIIA; Lobule Crus primum
HVIIAa HVIIAa
1608 Lobulus semilunaris inferior Crus II lobuli ansiformis; Lobulus Inferior semilunar lobule Inferior semilunar lobule Crus II of Lobule HVIIA; Lobule Crus secundum
HVIIAb HVIIAb
1609 Lobulus gracilis Lobulus HVIIB Gracile lobule Gracile lobule Lobule HVIIB Lobus paramedianus
1610 Lobulus biventer Lobulus HVIII Biventral lobule Biventral lobule Lobule HVIII
1611 Pars lateralis lobuli biventralis Lobulus HVIIIA Lateral part Lateral part Lobule HVIIIA Pars copularis lobuli paramediana
1612 Pars medialis lobuli biventralis Lobulus HVIIIB Medial part Medial part Lobule HVIIB
1613 Tonsilla cerebelli Lobulus HIX Tonsil of cerebellum Tonsil of cerebellum Lobule HIX Endnote 69
1614 Paraflocculus accessorius Accessory paraflocculus Accessory paraflocculus
1615 Lobus flocculonodularis Flocculonodular lobe Flocculonodular lobe

1616 Nodulus Lobulus X Nodule Nodule Lobule X
1617 Flocculus Lobulus HX Flocculus Flocculus Lobule HX

1619 Folium cerebelli Cerebellar folium Cerebellar folium
1621 Cortex cerebelli Cerebellar cortex Cerebellar cortex
1622 Strata corticis cerebelli Layers of cerebellar cortex Layers of cerebellar cortex
1623 Stratum granulare Granular layer Granular layer
1624 Stratum purkinjense Purkinje cell layer Purkinje cell layer
1625 Stratum moleculare Molecular layer Molecular layer
1626 Typi neurales cerebelli Cerebellar neuron types Cerebellar neuron types
1628 Neuron purkinjense Purkinje cell Purkinje cell
1629 Interneura cerebelli Cerebellar interneurons Cerebellar interneurons
1631 Neuron granulare Granule cell Granule cell
1632 Glomerulus cerebelli Glomerulus of cerebellum Glomerulus of cerebellum
1633 Dendritum neuri granulare Granule cell dendrite Granule cell dendrite
1634 Neurofibra parallela Parallel fibre Parallel fiber
1635 Neuron penicillatum Unipolar brush cell Unipolar brush cell
1637 Neuron fusiforme horizontale Fusiform horizontal cell Fusiform horizontal cell Cell of Lugaro
1638 Neuron golgiense magnum Large Golgi cell Large Golgi cell Endnote 70
1639 Neuron golgiense parvum Small Golgi cell Small Golgi cell
1640 Axon neuri golgiensis Golgi cell axon Golgi cell axon
1641 Neuron corbiforme Basket cell Basket cell
1642 Neuron stellatum superficiale Superficial stellate cell Superficial stellate cell
1643 Neuron stellatum profundum Deep stellate cell Deep stellate cell
1644 Astrocyti cerebelli Cerebellar astrocytes Cerebellar astrocytes
1645 Astrocytus radians cerebelli Radial astrocyte of cerebellum Radial astrocyte of cerebellum Bergmann glia
1646 Astrocytus epithelialis cerebelli Epithelial astrocyte of cerebellum Epithelial astrocyte of cerebellum
1647 Processus radians astrocyti Radial fibre Radial fiber Bergmann fibre
epithelialis cerebelli
1648 Astrocytus pennatus Feathered astrocyte Feathered astrocyte Feather cell of Fañanas
1649 Subdivisio cerebelli Subdivision of cerebellum Subdivision of cerebellum
1650 Vestibulocerebellum Vestibulocerebellum Vestibulocerebellum Archicerebellum
1651 Spinocerebellum Spinocerebellum Spinocerebellum Paleocerebellum
1652 Pontocerebellum Pontocerebellum Pontocerebellum Neocerebellum
1653 Zonae sagittales cerebelli Zonal organization of Zonal organization of
corticonuclear projections corticonuclear projections
1654 Zona medialis Medial zone Medial zone
1655 Zona A A-zone A-zone
1656 Zona X X-zone X-zone
1657 Zona B B-zone B-zone
1658 Zona intermedia Intermediate zone Intermediate zone
1659 Zonae C1-C3 C1-C3 zones C1-C3 zones
1660 Zona lateralis Lateral zone Lateral zone
1661 Zona Y Y-zone Y-zone

1662 Zonae D1, D2 D1 and D2 zones D1 and D2 zones
1663 Nuclei cerebelli Cerebellar nuclei Cerebellar nuclei
1664 Nucleus dentatus Nucleus lateralis cerebelli Dentate nucleus Dentate nucleus Lateral cerebellar nucleus
1665 Hilum nuclei dentati Hilum of dentate nucleus Hilum of dentate nucleus
1666 Pars microgyria Microgyric part Microgyric part
1667 Pars macrogyria Macrogyric part Macrogyric part
1668 Nuclei interpositi Interposed nuclei Interposed nuclei
1669 Nucleus emboliformis Nucleus interpositus anterior Emboliform nucleus Emboliform nucleus Anterior interposed nucleus
1670 Nucleus globosus Nucleus interpositus posterior Globose nucleus Globose nucleus Posterior interposed nucleus
1671 Nucleus fastigii Nucleus medialis cerebelli Fastigial nucleus Fastigial nucleus Medial cerebellar nucleus
1673 Neura projectionis Projection neurons Projection neurons
1674 Neuron projectionis magnum Large projection neuron Large projection neuron
1675 Neuron projectionis parvum Neuron nucleoolivare Small projection neuron Small projection neuron Nucleo-olivary neuron;
Nucleoolivary neuron
1676 Interneura inhibitoria Inhibitory interneurons Inhibitory interneurons
1677 Interneuron inhibitorium Glycinergic inhibitory interneuron Glycinergic inhibitory interneuron
glycinergicum
1678 Interneuron inhibitorium GABAergic inhibitory interneuron GABAergic inhibitory interneuron
GABAergicum

1680 Arbor vitae Arbor vitae Arbor vitae
1681 Corpus medullare cerebelli White matter of cerebellum White matter of cerebellum White substance of cerebellum
1682 Lamella medullaris cerebelli Medullary lamella of cerebellum Medullary lamella of cerebellum Lamina alba cerebelli
1683 Neurofibrae afferentes corticis Cerebellar cortical afferent fibres Cerebellar cortical afferent fibers
cerebelli
1684 Neurofibra muscosa Mossy fibre Mossy fiber
1685 Flosculus neurofibrae Mossy fibre rosette Mossy fiber rosette
muscosae
1686 Neurofibra ascendens Climbing fibre Climbing fiber
1687 Neurofibra multistratificata Multilayered fibre Multilayered fiber Monoaminergic fibre;
Monoaminergic fiber
1688 Neurofibra efferens corticis Axon neuri purkinjensis Cerebellar cortical efferent fibre Cerebellar cortical efferent fiber Purkinje cell axon Neurofibra descendens
cerebelli
1690 Commissura cerebelli Cerebellar commissure Cerebellar commissure
1692 Pedunculi cerebellares Cerebellar peduncles Cerebellar peduncles Cerebellar parts
1693 Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior Inferior cerebellar peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle
1694 Pedunculus cerebellaris medius Middle cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle Brachium pontis
1695 Fibrae pontocerebellares Pontocerebellar fibres Pontocerebellar fibers
1697 Brachium conjunctivum Brachium conjunctivum Brachium conjunctivum Bundle of Burdach

1700 Fasciculus uncinatus cerebelli Uncinate fasciculus of Uncinate fasciculus of Tract of Russell
cerebellum cerebellum
1701 Pedunculus flocculi Peduncle of flocculus Peduncle of flocculus Tract of Loewy
1702 PROSENCEPHALON FOREBRAIN FOREBRAIN

1703 DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON Endnote 71
1705 Pretectum Pretectum Pretectum
1706 Commissura posterior Posterior commissure Posterior commissure
1707 Epithalamus Epithalamus Epithalamus
1708 Habenula Habenula Habenula
1709 Commissura habenularum Habenular commissure Habenular commissure
1710 Sulcus habenularis Habenular sulcus Habenular sulcus
1711 Trigonum habenulare Habenular trigone Habenular trigone
1712 Glandula pinealis Pineal gland Pineal gland
1713 Thalamus Thalamus Thalamus Thalamus dorsalis
1714 Tuberculum anterius thalami Anterior thalamic tubercle Anterior thalamic tubercle
1715 Pulvinar thalami Pulvinar Pulvinar
1716 Metathalamus Metathalamus Metathalamus
1717 Corpus geniculatum laterale Lateral geniculate body Lateral geniculate body
1718 Corpus geniculatum mediale Medial geniculate body Medial geniculate body
1719 Prethalamus Prethalamus Prethalamus Ventral thalamus
1720 Eminentia prethalamica Prethalamic eminence Prethalamic eminence
1721 Stria medullaris prethalami Stria medullaris thalami Stria medullaris of prethalamus Stria medullaris of prethalamus Stria medullaris of thalamus
1722 Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus
1723 Corpus mammillare Corpus mamillare Mamillary body Mammillary body
1724 Neurohypophysis Neurohypophysis Neurohypophysis
1725 Infundibulum Infundibulum Infundibulum
1726 Pars nervosa Lobus nervosus Pars nervosa Pars nervosa Neural lobe
1727 Chiasma opticum Optic chiasm Optic chiasm Optic chiasma
1728 Tractus opticus Optic tract Optic tract
1729 Radix lateralis Lateral root Lateral root
1730 Radix medialis Medial root Medial root
1731 Tuber cinereum Tuber cinereum Tuber cinereum
1732 Ventriculus tertius Third ventricle Third ventricle

1733 Foramen interventriculare Interventricular foramen Interventricular foramen Foramen of Monro
1734 Organum subfornicale Subfornical organ Subfornical organ
1735 Taenia thalami Taenia thalami Tenia thalami
1736 Velum interpositum Velum interpositum Velum interpositum
1737 Tela choroidea Choroid membrane Choroid membrane
1739 Recessus suprapinealis Suprapineal recess Suprapineal recess
1741 Recessus pinealis Pineal recess Pineal recess

1743 Organum subcommissurale Subcommissural organ Subcommissural organ
1744 Apertura aqueductus Apertura aqueductus cerebri Opening of aqueduct of midbrain Opening of aqueduct of midbrain Opening of cerebral aqueduct
mesencephali
1745 Recessus infundibuli Infundibular recess Infundibular recess
1746 Eminentia mediana Median eminence Median eminence
1747 Recessus supraopticus Supra-optic recess Supraoptic recess
1748 Lamina terminalis Lamina terminalis Lamina terminalis
1749 Organum vasculosum laminae Vascular organ of lamina terminalis Vascular organ of lamina terminalis
terminalis
1750 Recessus preopticus Preoptic recess Preoptic recess
1751 Columna fornicis Column of fornix Column of fornix
1752 Commissura anterior Anterior commissure Anterior commissure
1753 Sulcus hypothalamicus Hypothalamic sulcus Hypothalamic sulcus Sulcus of Monro
1754 Adhesio interthalamica Massa intermedia Interthalamic adhesion Interthalamic adhesion Massa intermedia

1756 Pretectum Pretectum Pretectum
1758 Area pretectalis Pretectal area Pretectal area
1759 Nuclei pretectales Pretectal nuclei Pretectal nuclei
1760 Nucleus pretectalis anterior Anterior pretectal nucleus Anterior pretectal nucleus
1761 Nucleus tracti optici Nucleus of optic tract Nucleus of optic tract
1762 Nucleus pretectalis olivaris Olivary pretectal nucleus Olivary pretectal nucleus
1763 Nucleus pretectalis posterior Posterior pretectal nucleus Posterior pretectal nucleus
1764 Nucleus commissurae posterioris Nucleus of the posterior Nucleus of the posterior Endnote 72
commissure commissure
1765 Pars principalis Principal part Principal part
1767 Nuclei accessorii tractus optici Accessory nuclei of optic tract Accessory nuclei of optic tract
1768 Nucleus posterior Nucleus dorsalis Posterior nucleus Posterior nucleus Dorsal nucleus
1769 Nucleus lateralis Lateral nucleus Lateral nucleus
1770 Nucleus medialis Medial nucleus Medial nucleus
1775 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Pretectal part
1778 Tegmentum prerubrale Tegmentum diencephali Prerubral tegmentum Prerubral tegmentum Diencephalic tegmentum Endnote 73
1780 Nucleus interstitialis Interstitial nucleus Interstitial nucleus Nucleus of Cajal
1781 Nucleus interstitialis rostralis Rostral interstitial nucleus of Rostral interstitial nucleus of Endnote 74
fasciculi longitudinalis medialis medial longitudinal fasciculus medial longitudinal fasciculus
1782 Nucleus ellipticus Elliptic nucleus Elliptic nucleus Nucleus of Darkschewitsch;

Endnote 72
1785 Tractus efferentes prerubrales Prerubral efferent tracts Prerubral eferent tracts Prerubral parts
1790 Epithalamus Epithalamus Epithalamus

1792 Nucleus habenularis lateralis Lateral habenular nucleus Lateral habenular nucleus
1793 Nucleus habenularis medialis Medial habenular nucleus Medial habenular nucleus
1794 Cellulae cholinergicae Cellulae cholinergicae Ch7 Cholinergic cells of epithalamus Cholinergic cells of epithalamus Cholinergic cell group Ch7
epithalamicae
1799 Tractus efferens epithalami Epithalamic efferent tract Epithalamic efferent tract
1800 Tractus habenulointer-peduncularis Fasciculus retroflexus Habenulo-interpeduncular tract Habenulointer-peduncular tract Fasciculus retroflexus Bundle of Meynert
1801 Thalamus Thalamus Thalamus

1803 Nuclei anteriores thalami Regio anterior thalami Anterior nuclei of thalamus Anterior nuclei of thalamus
1804 Nucleus anterodorsalis Anterodorsal nucleus Anterodorsal nucleus AD
1805 Nucleus anteromedialis Anteromedial nucleus Anteromedial nucleus AM
1806 Nucleus anteroventralis Anteroventral nucleus Anteroventral nucleus AV
1807 Nucleus dorsalis lateralis Laterodorsal nucleus Laterodorsal nucleus LD; Lateral dorsal nucleus; Dorsal
superficial nucleus
1808 Nuclei mediales thalami Regio medialis thalami Medial nuclei of thalamus Medial nuclei of thalamus
1809 Nucleus mediodorsalis Mediodorsal nucleus Mediodorsal nucleus MD; Medial dorsal nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus
1810 Pars parvocellularis Pars lateralis Parvocellular nucleus Parvocellular nucleus MDpc; Lateral nucleus Pars parvocellularis lateralis
1811 Pars magnocellularis Pars medialis Magnocellular nucleus Magnocellular nucleus MDmc; Medial nucleus Pars magnocellularis medialis
1812 Pars paralaminaris Paralaminar part Paralaminar part MDpl
1813 Nuclei intralaminares thalami Intralaminar nuclei Intralaminar nuclei
1814 Nuclei intralaminares anteriores Anterior group of intralaminar Anterior group of intralaminar
nuclei nuclei
1815 Nucleus centralis medialis Central medial nucleus Central medial nucleus CM
1816 Nucleus paracentralis Paracentral nucleus Paracentral nucleus Pc
1817 Nucleus centralis lateralis Central lateral nucleus Central lateral nucleus CL
1818 Nuclei intralaminares centrales Central group of intralaminar Central group of intralaminar
nuclei nuclei
1819 Nucleus centromedianus Centromedian nucleus Centromedian nucleus CMn; Centre médian Nucleus of Luys
1820 Nucleus parafascicularis Parafascicular nucleus Parafascicular nucleus Pf
1821 Nucleus subparafascicularis Subparafascicular nucleus Subparafascicular nucleus SPf

1822 Nuclei intralaminares Posterior group of intralaminar Posterior group of intralaminar
posteriores nuclei nuclei
1823 Nucleus limitans Limitans nucleus Limitans nucleus Lim
1824 Nucleus suprageniculatus Suprageniculate nucleus Suprageniculate nucleus SG
1825 Nuclei laterales thalami Regio lateralis thalami Lateral nuclei of thalamus Lateral nuclei of thalamus
1826 Nucleus ventralis anterior Ventral anterior nucleus Ventral anterior nucleus VA
1827 Pars magnocellularis Magnocellular division Magnocellular division VAmc
1828 Pars principalis Principal division Principal division VAp
1829 Nuclei ventrales laterales Ventral lateral complex Ventral lateral complex VL
1830 Nucleus ventrolateralis anterior Anterior ventrolateral nucleus Anterior ventrolateral nucleus VLa Nucleus anterior ventrolateralis
1831 Nucleus ventrolateralis posterior Posterior ventrolateral nucleus Posterior ventrolateral nucleus VLp Nucleus posterior ventrolateralis
1832 Nuclei ventrales mediales Ventral medial complex Ventral medial complex VM
1833 Nucleus ventromedialis basalis Basal ventromedial nucleus Basal ventromedial nucleus VMb Nucleus basalis ventralis medialis
1834 Nucleus ventromedialis Principal ventromedial nucleus Principal ventromedial nucleus VM Nucleus principalis ventralis
principalis medialis
1835 Nucleus submedialis Submedial nucleus Submedial nucleus
1836 Nucleus ventromedialis posterior Ventromedial posterior nucleus Ventromedial posterior nucleus VMPo Endnote 76
1837 Nuclei ventrobasales Ventroposterior complex Ventroposterior complex VP; Ventrobasal complex
1838 Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis Ventral posterolateral nucleus Ventral posterolateral nucleus VPL
1839 Pars anterior Anterior part Anterior part VPLa
1840 Pars posterior Posterior part Posterior part VPLp
1841 Nucleus ventralis Ventral posteromedial nucleus Ventral posteromedial nucleus VPM
posteromedialis
1842 Pars parvocellularis Parvocellular part Parvocellular part VPMpc
1843 Nucleus ventralis posterior Ventral posterior inferior nucleus Ventral posterior inferior nucleus VPI
inferior
1844 Nuclei periventriculares Periventricular nuclei Periventricular nuclei Midline nuclei
1845 Nucleus parataenialis Parataenial nucleus Paratenial nucleus PT
1846 Nucleus paraventricularis thalami Paraventricular nucleus of Paraventricular nucleus of PV
thalamus thalamus
1847 Nucleus medioventralis Nucleus reuniens Medioventral nucleus Medioventral nucleus MV; Nucleus reuniens; Re
1848 Nuclei posteriores thalami Regio posterior thalami Posterior nuclei of thalamus Posterior nuclei of thalamus
1849 Nucleus lateralis posterior Lateral posterior nucleus Lateral posterior nucleus LP
1850 Nuclei pulvinares Pulvinar nuclei Pulvinar nuclei
1851 Nucleus pulvinaris anterior Anterior pulvinar nucleus Anterior pulvinar nucleus
1852 Nucleus pulvinaris inferior Inferior pulvinar nucleus Inferior pulvinar nucleus
1853 Nucleus pulvinaris lateralis Lateral pulvinar nucleus Lateral pulvinar nucleus
1854 Nucleus pulvinaris medialis Medial pulvinar nucleus Medial pulvinar nucleus
1855 Corpora geniculata Regio geniculata; Metathalamus Geniculate nuclei Geniculate nuclei Metathalamus
1856 Nucleus dorsalis corporis geniculati Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus LGN
lateralis
1857 Strata koniocellularia K1-K6 Koniocellular layers K1-K6 Koniocellular layers K1-K6
1858 Strata magnocellularia M1, M2 Magnocellular layers M1, M2 Magnocellular layers M1, M2 Lamina I parahilaris
magnocellularis, and Lamina II
magnocellularis.
1859 Strata parvocellularia P3-P6 Parvocellular layers P3-P6 Parvocellular layers P3-P6 Lamina III parvocellularis ventralis,
Lamina IV parvocellularis lata,

Lamina V parvocellularis angusta,
and Lamina VI parvocellularis
dorsalis.
1860 Nuclei corporis geniculati medialis Medial geniculate nuclei Medial geniculate nuclei MGN
1861 Nucleus ventralis Ventral principal nucleus Ventral principal nucleus
1862 Nucleus dorsalis Dorsal nucleus Dorsal nucleus
1863 Nucleus medialis magnocellularis Medial magnocellular nucleus Medial magnocellular nucleus
1865 Radices centrales Central roots Central roots
1866 Tractus opticus Optic tract Optic tract
1868 Lamina medullaris lateralis External medullary lamina External medullary lamina
1869 Lamina medullaris medialis Internal medullary lamina Internal medullary lamina
1870 Fibrae intrathalamicae Intrathalamic fibres Intrathalamic fibers
1871 Fibrae periventriculares Periventricular fibres Periventricular fibers
1873 Tractus ascendentes medullae Ascending tracts from spinal Ascending tracts from spinal Thalamic parts
spinalis cord cord
1875 Fibrae spinothalamicae Spinothalamic fibres Spinothalamic fibers
1876 Tractus ascendentes trunci Ascending tracts from brain Ascending tracts from brain Thalamic parts
encephali stem stem
lateralis
1881 Tractus trigeminothalamicus Tractus trigeminothalamicus Posterior trigeminothalamic tract Posterior trigeminothalamic tract Dorsal trigeminothalamic tract Tract of Wallenberg
posterior dorsalis
1882 Tractus vestibulothalamicus Vestibulothalamic tract Vestibulothalamic tract
1883 Brachium colliculi inferioris Brachium of inferior colliculus Brachium of inferior colliculus
1884 Brachium colliculi superioris Brachium of superior colliculus Brachium of superior colliculus
1886 Tractus efferentes telencephali Efferent tracts of telencephalon Efferent tracts of telencephalon Thalamic afferents from Thalamic parts
telencephalon
1887 Fibrae corticothalamicae Corticothalamic fibres Corticothalamic fibers
1888 Ansa lenticularis Ansa lenticularis Ansa lenticularis
1889 Fasciculus lenticularis Lenticular fasciculus Lenticular fasciculus
1890 Fasciculus thalamicus Thalamic fasciculus Thalamic fasciculus
1891 Fasciculus mammillothalamicus Fasciculus mamillothalamicus Mamillothalamic fasciculus Mammillothalamic fasciculus Tract of Vicq d'Azyr
1892 Tractus efferentes thalami Radiationes thalamicae Efferent tracts from thalamus Efferent tracts from thalamus Thalamic radiations Thalamic parts
1893 Radiatio anterior thalami Anterior thalamic radiation Anterior thalamic radiation
1894 Fibrae thalamofrontales Thalamofrontal fibres Thalamofrontal fibers
1895 Radiatio centralis thalami Central thalamic radiation Central thalamic radiation
1896 Fibrae thalamoparietales Thalamoparietal fibres Thalamoparietal fibers

1897 Radiatio inferior thalami Inferior thalamic radiation Inferior thalamic radiation
1898 Fibrae thalamotemporales Thalamotemporal fibres Thalamotemporal fibers
1899 Ansa peduncularis Ansa peduncularis Ansa peduncularis Peduncular loop
1900 Radiatio acustica Acoustic radiation Acoustic radiation
1901 Radiatio posterior thalami Posterior thalamic radiation Posterior thalamic radiation
1902 Radiatio optica Tractus geniculocalcarinus Optic radiation Optic radiation Geniculocalcarine tract Tract of Gratiolet.
1903 Fasciculus anterior Anterior bundle Anterior bundle Loop of Meyer
1904 Fasciculus centralis Central bundle Central bundle
1905 Fasciculus dorsalis Dorsal bundle Dorsal bundle
1906 Prethalamus Prethalamus Prethalamus Ventral tthalamus

1907 Nucleus reticularis prethalami Nucleus reticularis thalami Reticular nucleus of prethalamus Reticular nucleus of prethalamus Reticular nucleus of thalamus
1908 Nucleus ventralis corporis Nucleus pregeniculatus Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Ventral lateral geniculate nucleus Pregeniculate nucleus
geniculati lateralis
1909 Nuclei campi perizonalis Nuclei of perizonal fields Nuclei of perizonal fields Fields of Forel
1910 Nucleus campi medialis Nucleus of medial field Nucleus of medial field H
1911 Nucleus campi dorsalis Nucleus of dorsal field Nucleus of dorsal field H1
1912 Nucleus campi ventralis Nucleus of ventral field Nucleus of ventral field H2
1913 Zona incerta Zona incerta Zona incerta
1914 Cellulae dopaminergicae zonae Cellulae dopaminergicae A13 Dopaminergic cells of zona Dopaminergic cells of zona Dopaminergic cell group A13
incertae incerta incerta
1915 Subthalamus Subthalamus Subthalamus

1916 Nucleus subthalamicus Subthalamic nucleus Subthalamic nucleus Corpus of Luys
1917 Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus

1919 Area hypothalamica anterior Area hypothalamica chiasmatica Anterior hypothalamic area Anterior hypothalamic area Anterior hypothalamic region;
Chiasmatic hypothalamic area
1920 Nucleus anterior hypothalami Anterior hypothalamic nucleus Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
1921 Nucleus periventricularis anterior Anterior periventricular nucleus Anterior periventricular nucleus
1922 Nucleus paraventricularis Paraventricular nucleus Paraventricular nucleus
hypothalami
1923 Nucleus suprachiasmaticus Suprachiasmatic nucleus Suprachiasmatic nucleus
1924 Nucleus supraopticus Supra-optic nucleus Supraoptic nucleus
1925 Pars dorsolateralis Dorsolateral part Dorsolateral part
1926 Pars dorsomedialis Dorsomedial part Dorsomedial part
1927 Pars ventromedialis Ventromedial part Ventromedial part
1928 Pars anterior areae Anterior part of Lateral Anterior part of Lateral
hypothalamicae lateralis hypothalamic area hypothalamic area
1929 Cellulae dopaminergicae areae Cellulae dopaminergicae A14 Dopaminergic cells in anterior Dopaminergic cells in anterior Dopaminergic cell group A14
hypothalamicae anterioris area of hypothalamus area of hypothalamus
1930 Area hypothalamica intermedia Area hypothalamica tuberalis Intermediate hypothalamic area Intermediate hypothalamic area Intermediate hypothalamic region;
Tuberal hypothalamic area
1931 Nucleus dorsomedialis Dorsomedial hypothalamic Dorsomedial hypothalamic
hypothalami nucleus nucleus

1932 Nucleus arcuatus Nucleus infundibularis Arcuate nucleus Arcuate nucleus Infundibular nucleus Nucleus semilunaris
1933 Cellulae dopaminergicae nuclei Cellulae dopaminergicae A12 Dopaminergic cells of arcuate Dopaminergic cells of arcuate Dopaminergic cell group A12
arcuati nucleus nucleus
1934 Nucleus periventricularis Posterior periventricular nucleus Posterior periventricular nucleus
posterior
1935 Area retrochiasmatica Retrochiasmatic area Retrochiasmatic area Retrochiasmatic region
1936 Nuclei tuberales laterales Lateral tuberal nuclei Lateral tuberal nuclei
1937 Nucleus ventromedialis Ventromedial nucleus of Ventromedial nucleus of
hypothalami hypothalamus hypothalamus
1938 Nucleus perifornicalis Perifornical nucleus Perifornical nucleus
1939 Pars tuberalis areae Tuberal part of lateral Tuberal part of lateral
1940 Area hypothalamica posterior Area hypothalamica mammillaria; Posterior hypothalamic area Posterior hypothalamic area Posterior hypothalamic region;
Area hypothalamica mamillaria Mamillary hypothalamic area;
Mammillary hypothalamic area
1941 Pars posterior areae Posterior part of lateral Posterior part of lateral
1942 Nucleus premammillaris dorsalis Nucleus premamillaris dorsalis Dorsal premamillary nucleus Dorsal premammillary nucleus
1943 Nucleus premammillaris ventralis Nucleus premamillaris ventralis Ventral premamillary nucleus Ventral premammillary nucleus
1944 Nucleus tuberomammillaris Nucleus tuberomamillaris Tuberomamillary nucleus Tuberomammillary nucleus
1945 Nucleus mammillaris lateralis Nucleus mamillaris lateralis Lateral mamillary nucleus Lateral mammillary nucleus Lateral nucleus of mammillary
body
1946 Nucleus mammillaris medialis Nucleus mamillaris medialis Medial mamillary nucleus Medial mammillary nucleus Medial nucleus of mammillary body
1947 Nucleus supramammillaris Nucleus supramamillaris Supramamillary nucleus Supramammillary nucleus
1948 Nucleus posterior hypothalami Posterior hypothalamic nucleus Posterior hypothalamic nucleus
1949 Zonae hypothalamicae Zones of hypothalamus Zones of hypothalamus
1950 Zona periventricularis Periventricular zone Periventricular zone
1951 Zona medialis Medial zone Medial zone
1952 Zona lateralis Lateral zone Lateral zone
1955 Fibrae periventriculares Periventricular fibres Periventricular fibers
1957 Commissurae supraopticae Supra-optic commissures Supraoptic commissures Endnote 78
1958 Commissura supraoptica dorsalis Dorsal supra-optic commissure Dorsal supraoptic commissure Commissure of Meynert/Ganser
1959 Commissura supraoptica Ventral supra-optic commissure Ventral supraoptic commissure Commissure of von Gudden
ventralis
1961 Tractus afferentes Afferent tracts Afferent tracts Hypotthalamic parts
1963 Stria terminalis Stria terminalis Stria terminalis
1964 Tractus amygdalofugalis ventralis Ventral amygdalofugal tract Ventral amygdalofugal tract
1965 Fornix Fornix Fornix
1966 Pedunculus mammilaris Pedunculus mamillaris Mamillary peduncle Mammillary peduncle
1967 Tractus retinohypothalamicus Retinohypothalamic tract Retinohypothalamic tract
1968 Fibrae spinohypothalamicae Spinohypothalamic fibres Spinohypothalamic fibers
1969 Tractus efferentes hypothalami Efferent tracts from Efferent tracts from Hypothalamic parts

hypothalamus hypothalamus
1970 Fasciculus mammillaris principalis Fasciculus mamillaris principalis Principle mamillary fasciculus Principle mammillary fasciculus
1971 Fasciculus mammillothalamicus Fasciculus mamillothalamicus Mamillothalamic fasciculus Mammillothalamic fasciculus Tract of Vicq d'Azyr
1972 Fasciculus mammillotegmentalis Fasciculus mamillotegmentalis Mamillotegmental fasciculus Mammillotegmental fasciculus
1973 Fasciculus prosencephali medialis Medial forebrain bundle Medial forebrain bundle Fasciculus medialis telencephali
1974 Fibrae hypothalamocorticales Hypothalamocortical fibres Hypothalamocortical fibers
1975 Tractus hypothalamohypophysiales Hypothalamohypophysial tracts Hypothalamohypophysial tracts
1976 Tractus Paraventriculohypophysial tract Paraventriculohypophysial tract
paraventriculohypophysialis
1977 Tractus supraopticohypophysialis Supra-opticohypophysial tract Supraopticohypophysial tract
1979 Area preoptica Preoptic area Preoptic area

1980 Nucleus preopticus lateralis Lateral preoptic nucleus Lateral preoptic nucleus
1981 Nucleus preopticus medialis Medial preoptic nucleus Medial preoptic nucleus
1982 Nucleus preopticus medianus Median preoptic nucleus Median preoptic nucleus
1983 Nucleus preopticus Periventricular preoptic nucleus Periventricular preoptic nucleus
periventricularis
1984 Nucleus preopticus ventrolateralis Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus VLPO Endnote 79
1985 Nuclei interstitiales hypothalami Interstitial nuclei of anterior Interstitial nuclei of anterior INAH
anteriores hypothalamus hypothalamus
1986 Nucleus dimorphus sexualis Sexual dimorphic nucleus Sexual dimorphic nucleus SDN
1987 Cellulae dopaminergicae areae Cellulae dopaminergicae A15 Dopaminergic cells of preoptic Dopaminergic cells of preoptic Dopaminergic cell group A15
preopticae area area
1988 TELENCEPHALON Cerebrum TELENCEPHALON TELENCEPHALON Cerebrum

1990 Hemispherium cerebri Cerebral hemisphere Cerebral hemisphere
1991 Gyri cerebri Cerebral gyri Cerebral gyri
1992 Lobi cerebri Cerebral lobes Cerebral lobes
1993 Sulci cerebri Cerebral sulci Cerebral sulci
1994 Fissura longitudinalis cerebri Longitudinal cerebral fissure Longitudinal cerebral fissure
1995 Fossa lateralis cerebri Lateral cerebral fossa Lateral cerebral fossa Fossa of Sylvius
1996 Margo superior Superior margin Superior margin
1997 Margo inferomedialis Inferomedial margin Inferomedial margin
1998 Margo inferolateralis Inferolateral margin Inferolateral margin
1999
2000 Facies superolateralis Superolateral surface of cerebral Superolateral surface of cerebral Endnote 80
hemispherii cerebri hemisphere hemisphere
2001 Sulci interlobares Interlobar sulci Interlobar sulci
2002 Sulcus centralis Central sulcus Central sulcus Sulcus of Rolando
2003 Sulcus lateralis Lateral sulcus Lateral sulcus Sulcus of Sylvius
2004 Ramus posterior Posterior ramus Posterior ramus
2005 Ramus ascendens Ascending ramus Ascending ramus
2006 Ramus anterior Anterior ramus Anterior ramus
2007 Sulcus parietooccipitalis Parieto-occipital sulcus Parietooccipital sulcus Sulcus of Gratiolet

2008 Incisura preoccipitalis Pre-occipital notch Preoccipital notch Incisure of Meynert
2009 Lobus frontalis Frontal lobe Frontal lobe
2010 Sulcus frontomarginalis Frontomarginal sulcus Frontomarginal sulcus Endnote 81
2011 Polus frontalis Frontal pole Frontal pole BA10 Endnote 82
2012 Operculum frontale Frontal operculum Frontal operculum
2013 Gyrus frontalis inferior Inferior frontal gyrus Inferior frontal gyrus F3
2014 Pars orbitalis Orbital part Orbital part BA47
2015 Pars triangularis Triangular part Triangular part BA44; Broca's area Area of Broca;
Endnote 83
2016 Pars opercularis Opercular part Opercular part BA45; Broca's area Area of Broca
2017 Sulcus diagonalis Diagonal sulcus Diagonal sulcus Sulcus of Eberstaller
2018 Sulcus frontalis inferior Inferior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal sulcus
2019 Gyrus frontalis medius Middle frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus F2
2020 Cortex prefrontalis Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal cortex
2021 Cortex prefrontalis dorsolateralis Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex BA8, 9, 9/46
2022 Cortex prefrontalis ventrolateralis Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex BA44, 45, 47/12
2023 Cortex premotorius Premotor cortex Premotor cortex Endnote 84
2024 Cortex premotorius dorsalis Dorsal premotor cortex Dorsal premotor cortex BA6
2025 Cortex premotorius ventralis Ventral premotor cortex Ventral premotor cortex BA6
2026 Gyrus precentralis Precentral gyrus Precentral gyrus Primary motor cortex; M1; BA4
2027 Sulcus precentralis Precentral sulcus Precentral sulcus
2028 Sulcus subcentralis anterior Anterior subcentral sulcus Anterior subcentral sulcus
2029 Gyrus subcentralis Subcentral gyrus Subcentral gyrus Endnote 85
2030 Sulcus subcentralis posterior Posterior subcentral sulcus Posterior subcentral sulcus
2031 Gyrus frontalis superior Superior frontal gyrus Superior frontal gyrus F1
2032 Sulcus frontalis superior Superior frontal sulcus Superior frontal sulcus
2033 Lobus parietalis Parietal lobe Parietal lobe
2034 Gyrus postcentralis Postcentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Primary somatosensory cortex; S1;
BA3,1,2
2035 Sulcus postcentralis Postcentral sulcus Postcentral sulcus
2036 Lobulus parietalis superior Superior parietal lobule Superior parietal lobule P1; SPL; BA5, 7 Endnote 86
2037 Sulcus intraparietalis Intraparietal sulcus Intraparietal sulcus Endnote 87
2038 Sulcus intermedius primus First intermediate sulcus First intermediate sulcus Sulcus of Jensen;
Endnote 88
2039 Sulcus intermedius secundus Second intermediate sulcus Second intermediate sulcus Sulcus of Eberstaller
2040 Sulcus parietalis transversus Transverse parietal sulcus Transverse parietal sulcus Sulcus of Brissaud;
Endnote 89
2041 Lobulus parietalis inferior Inferior parietal lobule Inferior parietal lobule P2; IPL Endnote 90
2042 Gyrus angularis Angular gyrus Angular gyrus BA39
2043 Operculum parietale Parietal operculum Parietal operculum
2044 Gyrus supramarginalis Supramarginal gyrus Supramarginal gyrus BA40
2045 Lobus occipitalis Occipital lobe Occipital lobe
2046 Polus occipitalis Occipital pole Occipital pole
2047 Sulcus lunatus Lunate sulcus Lunate sulcus
2048 Sulcus occipitalis transversus Transverse occipital sulcus Transverse occipital sulcus
2049 Gyrus occipitalis superior Superior occipital gyrus Superior occipital gyrus O1

2050 Gyrus occipitalis medius Middle occipital gyrus Middle occipital gyrus O2
2051 Gyrus occipitalis inferior Inferior occipital gyrus Inferior occipital gyrus O3
2052 Gyrus occipitalis descendens Descending occipital gyrus Descending occipital gyrus Gyrus of Ecker
2053 Area striata Striate area Striate area Primary visual cortex; V1; BA17
2054 Areae extrastriatae Extrastriate areas Extrastriate areas Visual cortices V2-V8; BA18, 19
2055 Lobus temporalis Temporal lobe Temporal lobe
2056 Polus temporalis Temporal pole Temporal pole BA38
2057 Gyrus temporalis superior Superior temporal gyrus Superior temporal gyrus T1, BA22 Endnote 91
2058 Pars anterior Anterior part Anterior part Belt area; Secondary auditory
cortex; BA42
2059 Pars posterior Posterior part Posterior part Wernicke's area Area of Wernicke
2060 Operculum temporale Temporal operculum Temporal operculum
2061 Planum polare Polar plane Polar plane
2062 Gyri temporales transversi Transverse temporal gyri Transverse temporal gyri Primary auditory cortex; Core area; Gyri of Heschl
BA41
2063 Gyrus temporalis transversus Anterior transverse temporal Anterior transverse temporal
anterior gyrus gyrus
2064 Gyrus temporalis transversus Posterior transverse temporal Posterior transverse temporal
posterior gyrus gyrus
2065 Planum temporale Temporal plane Temporal plane Endnote 92
2066 Sulci temporales transversi Transverse temporal sulci Transverse temporal sulci
2067 Sulcus temporalis transversus Anterior transverse temporal Anterior transverse temporal
anterior sulcus sulcus
2068 Sulcus temporalis transversus Intermediate transverse temporal Intermediate transverse temporal
intermedius sulcus sulcus
2069 Sulcus temporalis transversus Posterior transverse temporal Posterior transverse temporal
posterior sulcus sulcus
2070 Sulcus temporalis superior Superior temporal sulcus Superior temporal sulcus
2071 Gyrus temporalis medius Middle temporal gyrus Middle temporal gyrus T2; BA21
2072 Sulcus temporalis inferior Inferior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus
2073 Gyrus temporalis inferior Inferior temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus T3; BA20
2074 Insula Lobus insularis Insula Insula Insular lobe Island of Reil
2075 Gyri insulae Insular gyri Insular gyri BA13-16
2076 Gyrus longus insulae Long gyrus of insula Long gyrus of insula
2077 Gyri breves insulae Short gyri of insula Short gyri of insula
2078 Sulcus centralis insulae Central sulcus of insula Central sulcus of insula
2079 Sulcus circularis insulae Circular sulcus of insula Circular sulcus of insula Sulcus of Reil
2080 Limen insulae Junctio frontotemporalis Limen insulae Limen insulae Insular threshold; Frontotemporal
junction
2081 Facies inferomedialis Inferomedial surface of cerebral Inferomedial surface of cerebral

hemispherii cerebri hemisphere hemisphere
2082 Sulci interlobares Interlobar sulci Interlobar sulci
2083 Sulcus corporis callosi Sulcus of corpus callosum Sulcus of corpus callosum
2084 Sulcus cinguli Cingulate sulcus Cingulate sulcus
2085 Ramus marginalis Sulcus marginalis Marginal branch Marginal branch Marginal sulcus
2086 Sulcus subparietalis Subparietal sulcus Subparietal sulcus

2087 Sulcus collateralis Collateral sulcus Collateral sulcus
2088 Sulcus centralis Central sulcus Central sulcus
2089 Lobus frontalis Frontal lobe Frontal lobe
2090 Gyrus frontalis superior Superior frontal gyrus Superior frontal gyrus F1; BA4, 6, 8, 9, 10 Gyrus frontalis medialis
2091 Sulcus paracentralis Paracentral sulcus Paracentral sulcus
2092 Lobulus paracentralis Paracentral lobule Paracentral lobule
2093 Gyrus paracentralis anterior Anterior paracentral gyrus Anterior paracentral gyrus Primary motor cortex; M1; BA4
2094 Cortex prefrontalis Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal cortex
2095 Cortex prefrontalis medialis Medial prefrontal cortex Medial prefrontal cortex BA24, 32
2096 Cortex premotorius Premotor cortex Premotor cortex
2097 Cortex premotorius medialis Medial premotor cortex Medial premotor cortex BA6
2098 Area subcallosa Subcallosal area Subcallosal area Subcallosal gyrus; BA32
2099 Gyrus paraterminalis Paraterminal gyrus Paraterminal gyrus
2100 Area paraolfactoria Paraolfactory area Paraolfactory area BA25
2101 Gyrus paraolfactorius Paraolfactory gyrus Paraolfactory gyrus
2102 Sulci paraolfactorii Paraolfactory sulci Paraolfactory sulci
2103 Sulcus paraolfactorius anterius Anterior paraolfactory sulcus Anterior paraolfactory sulcus
2104 Sulcus paraolfactorius Posterior paraolfactory sulcus Posterior paraolfactory sulcus
posterius
2105 Gyri orbitales Orbital gyri Orbital gyri BA11-13 Endnote 93
2106 Gyrus orbitalis medialis Medial orbital gyrus Medial orbital gyrus
2107 Gyrus orbitalis anterior Anterior orbital gyrus Anterior orbital gyrus
2108 Gyrus orbitalis posterior Posterior orbital gyrus Posterior orbital gyrus
2109 Gyrus orbitalis lateralis Lateral orbital gyrus Lateral orbital gyrus
2110 Sulci orbitales Orbital sulci Orbital sulci Endnote 94
2111 Sulcus orbitalis lateralis Lateral orbital sulcus Lateral orbital sulcus
2112 Sulcus orbitalis transversus Transverse orbital sulcus Transverse orbital sulcus
2113 Sulcus orbitalis medialis Medial orbital sulcus Medial orbital sulcus
2114 Gyrus rectus Straight gyrus Straight gyrus
2115 Sulcus olfactorius Olfactory sulcus Olfactory sulcus
2116 Substantia perforata anterior Substantia perforata rostralis Anterior perforated substance Anterior perforated substance Rostral perforated substance
2117 Structurae olfactoriae Olfactory structures Olfactory structures
2118 Bulbus olfactorius Olfactory bulb Olfactory bulb
2119 Pedunculus olfactorius Olfactory peduncle Olfactory peduncle
2120 Tractus olfactorius Olfactory tract Olfactory tract
2121 Trigonum olfactorium Olfactory trigone Olfactory trigone
2122 Tuberculum olfactorium Olfactory tubercle Olfactory tubercle
2123 Striae olfactoriae Olfactory striae Olfactory striae
2124 Stria olfactoria medialis Medial olfactory stria Medial olfactory stria
2125 Stria olfactoria lateralis Lateral olfactory stria Lateral olfactory stria
2126 Regio retrobulbaris Retrobulbar region Retrobulbar region Endnote 95
2127 Cortex piriformis Cortex olfactorius primarius Piriform cortex Piriform cortex Primary olfactory cortex; BA51 Endnote 96
2128 Pars frontalis Frontal part Frontal part
2129 Pars temporalis Temporal part Temporal part
2130 Lobus parietalis Parietal lobe Parietal lobe
2131 Lobulus paracentralis Paracentral lobule Paracentral lobule

2132 Gyrus paracentralis posterior Posterior paracentral gyrus Posterior paracentral gyrus Primary somatosensory cortex; S1;
BA3,1,2
2133 Sulcus parietalis transversus Transverse parietal sulcus Transverse parietal sulcus Sulcus of Brissaud
2134 Precuneus Precuneus Precuneus P1; BA5, 7
2135 Sulcus subparietalis Subparietal sulcus Subparietal sulcus
2136 Ramus marginalis Sulcus marginalis Marginal branch Marginal branch Marginal sulcus
2137 Lobus occipitalis Occipital lobe Occipital lobe
2138 Cuneus Cuneus Cuneus O6; BA17, 18, 19
2139 Sulcus calcarinus Calcarine sulcus Calcarine sulcus
2140 Gyrus lingualis Lingual gyrus Lingual gyrus O5; BA17, 18, 19 Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis
2141 Gyrus fusiformis Fusiform gyrus Fusiform gyrus O4; BA18, 19, 20, 37 Gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis
2142 Sulcus occipitotemporalis Occipitotemporal sulcus Occipitotemporal sulcus
2143 Area striata Striate area Striate area Primary visual cortex; V1; BA17
2144 Areae extrastriatae Extrastriate areas Extrastriate areas Visual cortices V2-V8; BA18, 19 Area parastriata (BA18), and Area
peristriata (BA19).
2145 Lobus temporalis Temporal lobe Temporal lobe
2146 Gyrus temporalis inferior Inferior temporal gyrus Inferior temporal gyrus T3; BA20, 21, 37 Endnote 97
2147 Sulcus occipitotemporalis Occipitotemporal sulcus Occipitotemporal sulcus Sulcus occipitotemporalis lateralis
2148 Gyrus fusiformis Fusiform gyrus Fusiform gyrus T4; BA20, 36, 37 Gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis
2149 Cortex ectorhinalis Ectorhinal cortex Ectorhinal cortex BA36 Endnote 98
2150 Sulcus collateralis Collateral sulcus Collateral sulcus Sulcus occipitotemporalis medialis
2151 Gyrus parahippocampalis Parahippocampal gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus T5 For subdivision, see Lobus
limbicus.
2152 Lobus limbicus Limbic lobe Limbic lobe
2153 Gyrus limbicus Limbic gyrus Limbic gyrus Outer ring of limbic lobe
2154 Area subcallosa Gyrus subcallosus Subcallosal area Subcallosal area Subcallosal gyrus
2155 Gyrus cinguli Cingulate gyrus Cingulate gyrus Endnote 99
2156 Gyrus cinguli, pars anterior Anterior cingulate cortex Anterior cingulate cortex BA32
2157 Gyrus cinguli, pars media Midcingulate cortex Midcingulate cortex BA24
2158 Gyrus cinguli, pars posterior Posterior cingulate cortex Posterior cingulate cortex BA23, 31
2159 Cortex retrosplenialis Retrosplenial cortex Retrosplenial cortex BA26, 29, 30
2160 Isthmus gyri cinguli Isthmus of cingulate gyrus Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
2161 Gyrus parahippocampalis Parahippocampal gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus T5
2162 Cortex entorhinalis Entorhinal cortex Entorhinal cortex BA28, 34 Endnote 100
2163 Substantia reticularis alba White reticular substance White reticular substance Substance of Arnold;
Endnote 100
2164 Verrucae hippocampi Hippocampal warts Hippocampal warts
2165 Cortex perirhinalis Perirhinal cortex Perirhinal cortex BA35 Endnote 101
2166 Uncus Uncus Uncus Endnote 102
2167 Gyrus ambiens Ambient gyrus Ambient gyrus
2168 Sulcus semianularis Semi-anular sulcus Semianular sulcus
2169 Gyrus semilunaris Semilunar gyrus Semilunar gyrus
2170 Gyrus uncinatus Uncinate gyrus Uncinate gyrus
2171 Limbus fasciae dentatae Band of dentate gyrus Band of dentate gyrus Band of Giacomini
2172 Gyrus intralimbicus Intralimbic gyrus Intralimbic gyrus Uncal apex
2173 Sulcus collateralis Collateral sulcus Collateral sulcus

2174 Sulcus rhinalis Rhinal sulcus Rhinal sulcus
2175 Sulcus intrarhinalis Intrarhinal sulcus Intrarhinal sulcus Endnote 103
2176 Formatio hippocampi Hippocampal formation Hippocampal formation Inner ring of limbic lobe Endnote 104
2177 Pars precommissuralis hippocampi Precommissural part of Precommissural part of
hippocampus hippocampus
2178 Pars supracommissuralis Supracommissural part of Supracommissural part of
hippocampi hippocampus hippocampus
2179 Stria longitudinalis lateralis Lateral longitudinal stria Lateral longitudinal stria Taenia tecta; Stria of Lancisi
2180 Indusium griseum Indusium griseum Indusium griseum
2181 Stria longitudinalis medialis Medial longitudinal stria Medial longitudinal stria Taenia libera; Stria of Lancisi
2182 Pars retrocommissuralis Hippocampus proprius Retrocommissural part of Retrocommissural part of Hippocampus proper
hippocampi hippocampus hippocampus
2183 Sulcus hippocampalis Hippocampal sulcus Hippocampal sulcus
2184 Gyrus dentatus Dentate gyrus Dentate gyrus
2185 Sulcus fimbriodentatus Fimbriodentate sulcus Fimbriodentate sulcus
2186 Fimbria hippocampi Fimbria of hippocampus Fimbria of hippocampus
2187 Dentes subiculi Gyri subspleniales Gyri of Andreas Retzius Gyri of Andreas Retzius Subsplenial gyri Endnote 105
2188 Gyrus fasciolaris Fasciolar gyrus Fasciolar gyrus
2189 Fasciola cinerea Fasciola cinerea Fasciola cinerea
2190 Corpus callosum Corpus callosum Corpus callosum
2191 Rostrum Rostrum Rostrum
2192 Genu Genu Genu
2193 Truncus Corpus Trunk Trunk Body
2194 Splenium Splenium Splenium
2195 Septum pellucidum Septum pellucidum Septum pellucidum
2196 Cavum Cave Cave
2197 Lamina Lamina Lamina

2199 Cortex cerebri Cerebral cortex Cerebral cortex
2200 Pallium Cerebral cortex Cerebral cortex Endnote 106
2201 Pallium dorsale Dorsal pallium Dorsal pallium
2202 Pallium laterale Lateral pallium Lateral pallium
2203 Pallium mediale Medial pallium Medial pallium
2204 Pallium ventrale Ventral pallium Ventral pallium
2205 Allocortex Allocortex Allocortex Endnote 107
2206 Archicortex Archicortex Archicortex Endnote 108
2207 Paleocortex Paleocortex Paleocortex Endnote 109
2208 Isocortex Neocortex Isocortex Isocortex Neocortex
2209 Isocortex granularis Granular isocortex Granular isocortex Endnote 110
2210 Areae sensoriae primariae Primary sensory areas Primary sensory areas
2211 Areae sensoriae unimodales Unimodal sensory areas Unimodal sensory areas
2212 Areae associationis ordinis Areae majores associationis Higher-order association areas Higher-order association areas
magni
2213 Isocortex agranularis Agranular isocortex Agranular isocortex
2214 Area motoria primaria Primary motor area Primary motor area

2215 Areae motoriae nonprimariae Nonprimary motor areas Nonprimary motor areas
2216 Mesocortex Mesocortex Mesocortex Endnote 111
2217 Proisocortex Proisocortex Proisocortex
2218 Periallocortex Periallocortex Periallocortex
2219 Peripaleocortex Peripaleocortex Peripaleocortex
2220 Periarchicortex Periarchicortex Periarchicortex
2221 Isocortex Isocortex Isocortex
2222 Strata isocorticis Layers of isocortex Layers of isocortex
2223 Lamina molecularis Lamina I Molecular layer Molecular layer Layer I
2224 Lamina granularis externa Lamina II External granular layer External granular layer Layer II
2225 Lamina pyramidalis externa Lamina III External pyramidal layer External pyramidal layer Layer III
2226 Lamina granularis interna Lamina IV Internal granular layer Internal granular layer Layer IV
2227 Lamina pyramidalis interna Lamina V Internal pyramidal layer Internal pyramidal layer Layer V
2228 Lamina multiformis Lamina VI Multiform layer Multiform layer Layer VI
2229 Striae fibrarum myelinatarum Striae of fibres in isortex Striae of fibers in isortex
isocorticis
2230 Stria laminae molecularis Lamina 1; Lamina tangentialis Stria of molecular layer Stria of molecular layer Layer 1; Tangential layer Lamina zonalis (Zonal layer)
2231 Sublamina superficialis Sublamina 1a Superficial sublayer Superficial sublayer Sublayer 1a
2232 Sublamina intermedia Sublamina 1b Intermediate sublayer Intermediate sublayer Sublayer 1b Layer of Exner
2233 Sublamina profunda Sublamina 1c Deep sublayer Deep sublayer Sublayer 1c
2234 Lamina dysfibrosa Lamina 2 Dysfibrous layer Dysfibrous layer Layer 2
2235 Lamina suprastriata Lamina 3 Suprastriate layer Suprastriate layer Layer 3
2236 Sublamina superficialis Sublamina 3a Superficial sublayer Superficial sublayer Sublayer 3a Stripe of Kaes-Bechterew
2237 Sublamina intermedia Sublamina 3b Intermediate sublayer Intermediate sublayer Sublayer 3b
2238 Sublamina profunda Sublamina 3c Deep sublayer Deep sublayer Sublayer 3c
2239 Stria laminae pyramidalis externae Lamina 4 Stria of external pyramidal layer Stria of external pyramidal layer Layer 4 External or outer stripe of
Baillarger
2240 Lamina intrastriata Sublamina 5a Intrastriate layer Intrastriate layer Sublayer 5a Infrastriate layer
2241 Stria laminae pyramidalis internae Sublamina 5b Stria of internal pyramidal layer Stria of internal pyramidal layer Sublayer 5b Internal or inner stripe of Baillarger
2242 Lamina substriata et limitans Lamina 6 Substriate and limiting layer Substriate and limiting layer Layer 6
2243 Sublamina substriata Sublamina 6a Substriate layer Substriate layer Sublayer 6a
2244 Sublamina limitans Sublamina 6b Limiting layer Limiting layer Sublayer 6b
2245 Stria verticalis Vertical stria Vertical stria Stria of Kaes
2246 Columna corticalis isocorticis Cortical column of isocortex Cortical column of isocortex .
2247 Cortex visualis primarius Area striata Primary visual cortex Primary visual cortex Striate area
2248 Stria occipitalis Occipital stripe Occipital stripe Occipital line Line of Gennari/Vicq d'Azyr
2249 Columna dominantiae ocularis Ocular dominance column Ocular dominance column
2250 Columna orientationis Orientation column Orientation column
2251 Hypercolumna Hypercolumn Hypercolumn
2252 Typi neurales isocorticis Neuron types of isocortex Neuron types of isocortex Endnote 112
2253 Neuron projectionis Neuron pyramidale Projection neuron Projection neuron Pyramidal neuron
2254 Neuron pyramidale magnum Large pyramidal neuron Large pyramidal neuron
2255 Neuron pyramidale giganteum Giant pyramidal neuron Giant pyramidal neuron Betz cell (for BA4);
Solitary cell of Meynert (for BA17)
2256 Neuron commissurale Commissural neuron Commissural neuron
2257 Neuron pyramidale medium Medium-sized pyramidal neuron Medium-sized pyramidal neuron

2258 Neuron associationis Association neuron Association neuron
2259 Neuron pyramidale parvum Small pyramidal neuron Small pyramidal neuron
2260 Interneura isocorticis Isocortical interneurons Isocortical interneurons
2261 Interneuron excitatorium Interneuron spinosum Excitatory interneuron Excitatory interneuron Spiny interneuron
2262 Neuron stellatum spinosum Spiny stellate neuron Spiny stellate neuron
2263 Interneuron inhibitorium Interneuron leve Inhibitory interneuron Inhibitory interneuron Smooth interneuron Endnote 113
2264 Neuron axodendriticum Axodendritic cell Axodendritic cell
2266 Neuron horizontale Horizontal neuron Horizontal neuron Cajal-Retzius cell
2267 Neuron multiplumosum Multitufted neuron Multitufted neuron Martinotti cell
2268 Neuron neurogliaforme Neuron araneiforme Neurogliaform neuron Neurogliaform neuron Spiderweb cell
2269 Neuron racemiforme Neuron biplumosum Double dendritic bouquet neuron Double dendritic bouquet neuron Bitufted neuron Cajal cell
bifasciculare
2270 Neura axosomatodendriticum Axo-somatodendritic cell Axo-somatodendritic cell
2271 Neuron corbiforme magnum Large basket neuron Large basket neuron
2272 Neuron corbiforme parvum Small basket neuron Small basket neuron
2273 Neuron axoaxonicum Axo-axonic cell Axoaxonic cell
2274 Neuron candelarium Chandelier neuron Chandelier neuron
2275 Complexus claustroinsularis Claustro-insular complex Claustroinsular complex Endnote 114

2276 Claustrum Claustrum Claustrum Endnote 115
2277 Claustrum dorsale Dorsal claustrum Dorsal claustrum Insular claustrum
2278 Claustrum ventrale Nucleus endopiriformis Ventral claustrum Ventral claustrum Endopiriform nucleus
2279 Insula Insula Insula Endnote 116
2280 Cortex insularis agranularis Agranular insular cortex Agranular insular cortex
2282 Neuron bipolare magnum Large bipolar neuron Large bipolar neuron Spindle cell von Economo neuron
2283 Cortex insularis dysgranularis Dysgranular insular cortex Dysgranular insular cortex
2284 Cortex insularis granularis Granular insular cortex Granular insular cortex
2285 Allocortex Allocortex Allocortex Endnote 117

2286 Paleocortex Paleocortex Paleocortex
2287 Bulbus olfactorius Olfactory bulb Olfactory bulb
2288 Strata bulbi olfactorii Layers of olfactory bulb Layers of olfactory bulb
2289 Stratum neurofibrosum Stratum fibrosum Olfactory nerve layer Olfactory nerve layer
2290 Stratum glomerulosum Glomerular layer Glomerular layer
2291 Glomerulus olfactorius Olfactory glomerulus Olfactory glomerulus
2292 Stratum plexiforme externum External plexiform layer External plexiform layer
2293 Stratum mitrale Mitral cell layer Mitral cell layer
2294 Stratum plexiforme internum Internal plexiform layer Internal plexiform layer
2295 Stratum granulare Granular cell layer Granular cell layer
2298 Neuron mitrale Mitral cell Mitral cell
2299 Neuron plumosum Tufted cell Tufted cell
2300 Neuron plumosum externum External tufted cell External tufted cell

2301 Neuron plumosum medium Middle tufted cell Middle tufted cell
2302 Neuron plumosum internum Internal tufted cell Internal tufted cell
2303 Interneura Interneurons Interneurons
2305 Neuron juxtaglomerulare Juxtaglomerular cell Juxtaglomerular cell Short-axon cell Endnote 118
2307 Neuron granulare superficiale Superficial granular cell Superficial granular cell
2308 Neuron granulare intermedium Intermediate granular cell Intermediate granular cell
2309 Neuron granulare profundum Deep granular cell Deep granular cell
2310 Neuron periglomerulare Periglomerular cell Periglomerular cell
2311 Cellulae dopaminergicae bulbi Cellulae dopaminergicae A16 Dopaminergic cells in olfactory Dopaminergic cells in olfactory Dopaminergic cell group A16
olfactorii bulb bulb
2312 Regio retrobulbaris Retrobulbar region Retrobulbar region
2314 Stratum densocellulare Dense cell layer Dense cell layer
2315 Stratum multiforme Multiform layer Multiform layer
2316 Tuberculum olfactorium Olfactory tubercle Olfactory tubercle Endnote 119
2317 Cortex piriformis Piriform cortex Piriform cortex BA51 Endnote 120
2319 Stratum densocellulare Densocellular layer Densocellular layer
2321 Regio periamygdaloidea Periamygdaloid region Periamygdaloid region Endnote 121
2324 Regio peripaleocorticalis Claustral peripaleocortical Claustral peripaleocortical BA16
claustralis region region
2327 Stratum dissecans Dissecting layer Dissecting layer
2329 Archicortex Archicortex Archicortex

2330 Formatio hippocampi Hippocampal formation Hippocampal formation
2331 Hippocampus proprius Cornu ammonis Hippocampus proper Hippocampus proper Ammon's horn
2332 Pes hippocampi Pes hippocampi Pes hippocampi Pes of hippocampus
2333 Digitationes hippocampi Hippocampal digitations Hippocampal digitations
2334 Caput Pars anterior Head Head Anterior segment
2335 Corpus Pars media Body Body Middle segment
2336 Cauda Pars posterior Tail Tail Posterior segment
2337 Dentes subiculi Gyri subspleniales Gyri of Andreas Retzius Gyri of Andreas Retzius Subsplenial gyri Endnote 105
2338 Regiones hippocampi proprii Hippocampal fields Hippocampal fields Endnote 122
2339 Cornu ammonis 1 CA1 CA1 field CA1 field
2342 Cornu ammonis 3h CA3h CA3h field CA3h field CA4
2343 Strata hippocampi Strata cornus ammonis Layers of hippocampus Layers of hippocampus Layers of Ammon's horn

2344 Stratum moleculare et Lacunar-molecular layer Lacunar-molecular layer
substratum lacunosum
2345 Stratum radiatum Radiate layer Radiate layer
2346 Stratum pyramidale Pyramidal layer Pyramidal layer
2347 Stratum oriens Oriens layer Oriens layer
2350 Neuron pyramidale Pyramidal neuron Pyramidal neuron
2351 Interneura hippocampi Hippocampal interneurons Hippocampal interneurons Endnote 123
2353 Neuron corbiforme Basket neuron Basket neuron
2354 Neuron bistratificatum Bistratified neuron Bistratified neuron
2355 Neuron candelarium Chandelier neuron Chandelier neuron Axo-axonic cell; Axoaxonic cell
2356 Substantia alba hippocampi Fibre connections of hippocampus Fiber connections of hippocampus
2357 Tractus perforans Perforant path Perforant path
2358 Neurofibrae muscosa Mossy fibres Mossy fibers
hippocampi proprii
2359 Collaterales axonales Axon collaterals of hippocampus Axon collaterals of hippocampus Schaffer collaterals
hippocampi proprii proper proper
2360 Collaterales axonales hilares Via endofolialis Hilar Schaffer collaterals Hilar Schaffer collaterals Endfolial pathway Endnote 124
hippocampi
2361 Alveus hippocampi Alveus Alveus
2362 Fimbria hippocampi Fimbria Fimbria
2363 Fornix Fornix Fornix
2364 Crus fornicis Crus of fornix Crus of fornix
2365 Commissura hippocampi Psalterium Hippocampal commissure Hippocampal commissure Psalterium Commissura fornicis;
Endnote 125
2366 Corpus fornicis Body of fornix Body of fornix
2367 Columna fornicis Column of fornix Column of fornix
2368 Fibrae precommissurales Precommissural fornix Precommissural fornix
2369 Fibrae postcommissurales Postcommissural fornix Postcommissural fornix
2370 Gyrus dentatus Dentate gyrus Dentate gyrus
2371 Fasciola cinerea Fasciola cinerea Fasciola cinerea
2372 Strata gyri dentati Layers of dentate gyrus Layers of dentate gyrus
2374 Stratum granulare Granular layer Granular layer
2378 Neuron granulare Granule cell Granule cell
2379 Interneura gyri dentati Interneurons of gyrus dentatus Interneurons of gyrus dentatus
2381 Neuron muscosum Neuron stellatum Mossy cell Mossy cell Stellate cell
2383 Neuron corbiforme Pyramidal basket cell Pyramidal basket cell
pyramidale

2384 Neuron candelarium Neuron axoaxonicum Chandelier cell Chandelier cell Axo-axonic cell; Axoaxonic cell
2385 Subiculum Subiculum Subiculum
2387 Stratum pyramidale Pyramidal layer Pyramidal layer
2389 Periarchicortex Periarchicortex Periarchicortex
2390 Presubiculum Presubiculum Presubiculum Endnote 126
2392 Stratum principale externum External principal layer External principal layer
2393 Stratum principale internum Internal principal layer Internal principal layer
2394 Parasubiculum Parasubiculum Parasubiculum
2396 Stratum cellulare Cellular layer Cellular layer
2397 Cortex entorhinalis Entorhinal cortex Entorhinal cortex BA28, 34 Endnote 127
2398 Subcampi Subfields Subfields
2399 Strata Layers Layers
2400 Stratum moleculare Lamina 1 Molecular layer Molecular layer Layer 1
2401 Stratum principale externum External principal layer External principal layer
2402 Stratum stellare Lamina 2 Cell island layer Cell island layer Layer 2
2403 Stratum pyramidale Lamina 3 Pyramidal layer Pyramidal layer Layer 3
2404 Lamina dissecans Lamina 4 Dissecting layer Dissecting layer Layer 4
2405 Stratum principale internum Lamina 5 Internal principal layer Internal principal layer Layer 5
2406 Stratum magnocellulare Sublamina 5a Magnocellular layer Magnocellular layer Sublayer 5a
2407 Stratum parvocellulare Sublamina 5b Parvocellular layer Parvocellular layer Sublayer 5b
2408 Stratum multiforme Sublamina 5c Multiform layer Multiform layer Sublayer 5c
2409 Tractus perforans Perforating tract Perforating tract
2410 Cortex perirhinalis Perirhinal cortex Perirhinal cortex BA35 Endnote 128
2411 Subregio transentorhinalis Transentorhinal subregion Transentorhinal subregion
2412 Cortex retrosplenialis Retrosplenial cortex Retrosplenial cortex Endnote 129
2413 Cortex ectosplenialis Ectosplenial cortex Ectosplenial cortex BA26
2414 Cortex retrosplenialis granularis Granular retrosplenial cortex Granular retrosplenial cortex BA29
2415 Cortex retrosplenialis Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex BA30
dysgranularis
2416 Cortex cingularis Cingulate cortex Cingulate cortex Endnote 130
2417 Substantia alba hemispherii White matter of cerebral White matter of cerebral White substance of cerebral
cerebri hemisphere hemisphere hemisphere
2418 Centrum semiovale Semi-oval center Semioval center Endnote 131
2419 Capsula extrema Extreme capsule Extreme capsule
2420 Capsula externa External capsule External capsule
2421 Fasciculus peduncularis Peduncular fasciculus Peduncular fasciculus
2422 Corona radiata Corona radiata Corona radiata
2423 Capsula interna Internal capsule Internal capsule Internal capsule parts
2424 Crus anterius Anterior limb Anterior limb
2425 Radiatio anterior thalami Anterior thalamic radiation Anterior thalamic radiation

2427 Genu capsulae internae Genu of internal capsule Genu of internal capsule
2428 Fibrae corticonucleares Corticonuclear fibres Corticonuclear fibers
2429 Crus posterius Posterior limb Posterior limb
2430 Radiatio centralis thalami Central thalamic radiation Central thalamic radiation
2436 Fibrae thalamoparietales Thalamoparietal fibres Thalamoparietal fibers
2437 Pars retrolentiformis Crus retrolentiforme Retrolentiform limb Retrolentiform limb Retrolenticular limb Endnote 132
2439 Fibrae occipitotectales Occipitotectal fibres Occipitotectal fibers
2440 Radiatio optica Fibrae geniculocalcarinae Optic radiation Optic radiation Geniculocalcarine fibres; Tract of Gratiolet
Geniculocalcarine fibers
2441 Radiatio posterior thalami Posterior thalamic radiation Posterior thalamic radiation
2442 Pars sublentiformis Crus sublentiforme Sublentiform limb Sublentiform limb Sublenticular limb Endnote 133
2443 Radiatio acustica Fibrae geniculotemporales Acoustic radiation Acoustic radiation Geniculotemporal fibres;
Geniculotemporal fibers
2444 Fibrae corticotectales Corticotectal fibres Corticotectal fibers
2445 Radiatio optica Fibrae geniculocalcarinae Optic radiation Optic radiation Geniculocalcarine fibres;
Geniculocalcarine fibers
2446 Fibrae temporopontinae Temporopontine fibres Temporopontine fibers
2448 Tractus associationis Tractus associationis cerebri Association tracts of Association tracts of Association tracts of cerebrum
telencephali telencephalon telencephalon
2449 Fibrae associationis breves Fibrae U-figuratae Short association fibres Short association fibers U-fibres; U-fibers Fibrae arcuatae cerebri;
Endnote 134
2450 Fibrae associationis longae Long association fibres Long association fibers
2451 Fasciculus arcuatus Arcuate fasciculus Arcuate fasciculus Endnote 135
2452 Segmentum anterius Anterior segment Anterior segment
2453 Segmentum longum Long segment Long segment
2454 Segmentum posterius Posterior segment Posterior segment
2455 Cingulum Cingulum Cingulum
2456 Capsula extrema Extreme capsule Extreme capsule Endnote 136
2457 Fasciculus longitudinalis inferior Inferior longitudinal fasciculus Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
2458 Fasciculus longitudinalis superior Superior longitudinal fasciculus Superior longitudinal fasciculus Endnote 137
2459 Pedunculus temporalis Temporal peduncle Temporal peduncle Temporal stem
2460 Fasciculus uncinatus Uncinate fasciculus Uncinate fasciculus
2461 Fasciculus occipitofrontalis Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus
inferior
2462 Fasciculus occipitofrontalis Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus Superior occipitofrontal fasciculus

superior
2463 Fasciculus subcallosus Subcallosal fasciculus Subcallosal fasciculus Bundle of Muratoff;
Endnote 138
2464 Fasciculus frontalis obliquus Frontal aslant tract Frontal aslant tract Frontal oblique tract Endnote 139
2465 Fasciculus frontalis orbitopolaris Frontal orbitopolar fasciculus Frontal orbitopolar fasciculus
2466 Fasciculus frontomarginalis Frontomarginal tract Frontomarginal tract
2467 Fasciculi occipitales verticales Vertical occipital fasciculi Vertical occipital fasciculi
2468 Fibrae laterales Lateral fibres Lateral fibers
2469 Fibrae caudales Caudal fibres Caudal fibers
2470 Fasciculi occipitales horizontales Transverse occipital fasciculi Transverse occipital fasciculi
2471 Fibrae cuneatae Cuneate fibres Cuneate fibers
2472 Fibrae linguales Lingual fibres Lingual fibers
2473 Tractus commissurales Tractus commissurales cerebri Commissural tracts of Commissural tracts of Commissural tracts of cerebrum
telencephali telencephalon telencephalon
2474 Corpus callosum Corpus callosum Corpus callosum For gross division of Corpus
callosum, see Morphologia
externa.
2475 Fibrae corporis callosi Corpus callosum fibres Corpus callosum fibers
2476 Radiatio corporis callosi Radiation of corpus callosum Radiation of corpus callosum
2477 Forceps minor Forceps frontalis Forceps minor Forceps minor Frontal forceps
2478 Forceps major Forceps occipitalis Forceps major Forceps major Occipital forceps
2479 Tapetum Tapetum Tapetum
2480 Commissura hippocampi Psalterium Hippocampal commissure Hippocampal commissure Psalterium Commissura fornicis
2481 Commissura anterior Anterior commissure Anterior commissure
2482 Pars anterior Anterior part Anterior part
2483 Pars posterior Posterior part Posterior part
2484 Tractus longi telencephali Tractus longi cerebri Long tracts of telencephalon Long tracts of telencephalon
2485 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts Cerebral parts
2486 Fibrae corticostriatales Corticostriatal fibres Corticostriatal fibers
2488 Fibrae corticotectales Corticotectal fibres Corticotectal fibers
2489 Tractus pyramidalis Pyramidal tract Pyramidal tract
2492 Fibrae corticonucleares Corticonuclear fibres Corticonuclear fibers
2494 Fibrae corticopontinae Corticopontine fibres Corticopontine fibers
2497 Fibrae temporopontinae Temporopontine fibres Temporopontine fibers
2499 Subpallium Subpallium Subpallium Endnote 140

2500 Striatum Striatum Striatum
2501 Pallidum Pallidum Pallidum
2502 Area diagonalis Diagonal band area Diagonal band area

2503 Area preoptica Preoptic area Preoptic area
2504 Corpus amygdaloideum Complexus amygdaloideus; Amygdaloid body Amygdaloid body Amygdaloid complex; Amygdala Archistriatum;
Amygdala Endnote 141
2505 Nuclei basolaterales Basolateral nuclear group Basolateral nuclear group
2506 Nucleus basalis lateralis Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus Nucleus amygdalae basalis
amygdalae lateralis
2507 Nucleus basalis medialis Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus Nucleus amygdalae basalis
amygdalae medialis
2508 Area transitionis Amygdaloclaustral transition area Amygdaloclaustral transition area
amygdaloclaustralis
2509 Nucleus lateralis amygdalae Lateral amygdaloid nucleus Lateral amygdaloid nucleus Nucleus amygdalae lateralis
2510 Nuclei centromediales Centromedial nuclear group Centromedial nuclear group
2511 Nucleus centralis amygdalae Central amygdaloid nucleus Central amygdaloid nucleus Nucleus amygdalae centralis
2512 Nucleus medialis amygdalae Medial amygdaloid nucleus Medial amygdaloid nucleus Nucleus amygdalae medialis
2513 Nuclei intercalati amygdalae Intercalated amygdaloid nuclei Intercalated amygdaloid nuclei
2514 Area transitionis amygdalostriatalis Amygdalostriatal transition area Amygdalostriatal transition area
2515 Amygdala extenta Extended amygdala Extended amygdala
2516 Nucleus striae terminalis Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Endnote 142
2517 Divisio lateralis Lateral division Lateral division
2518 Divisio medialis Medial division Medial division
2519 Pars sublenticularis amygdalae Sublenticular extended amygdala Sublenticular extended amygdala
2520 Nucleus interstitialis amygdalae Nucleus interstitialis cruris Interstitial amygdaloid nucleus Interstitial amygdaloid nucleus Interstitial nucleus of posterior limb Nucleus amygdalae interstitialis
posterioris commissurae anterioris of anterior commissure
2521 Amygdala olfactoria Olfactory amygdala Olfactory amygdala Endnote 143
2522 Area amygdaloidea anterior Anterior amygdaloid area Anterior amygdaloid area
2523 Nucleus corticalis anterior Anterior cortical nucleus Anterior cortical nucleus
amygdalae
2524 Nucleus corticalis posterior Posterior cortical nucleus Posterior cortical nucleus
amygdalae
2525 Nucleus corticalis ventralis Ventral cortical nucleus Ventral cortical nucleus
amygdalae
2526 Nucleus tractus olfactorii lateralis Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract
2527 Area transitionis Amygdalohippocampal transition Amygdalohippocampal transition
amygdalohippocampalis area area
2528 Area transitionis Amygdalopiriform transition area Amygdalopiriform transition area
amygdalopiriformis
2529 Cortex periamygdaloideus Area transitionis amygdalopara- Periamygdaloid cortex Periamygdaloid cortex Parahippocampal amygdaloid
hippocampalis transition area
2530 Pars basalis telencephali Prosencephalon basale Basal forebrain proper Basal forebrain proper Endnote 144
proprius
2531 Substantia basalis Basal substance Basal substance
2532 Nucleus basalis Basal nucleus Basal nucleus Basal nucleus of Meynert
2533 Cellulae cholinergicae substantiae Cholinergic cells of basal Cholinergic cells of basal
basalis substance substance
2534 Cellulae cholinergicae nuclei Cellulae cholinergicae Ch1 Cholinergic cells of medial septal Cholinergic cells of medial septal Cholinergic cell group Ch1
septi medialis nucleus nucleus
2535 Cellulae cholinergicae striae Cellulae cholinergicae Ch2 Cholinergic cells of vertical limb Cholinergic cells of vertical limb Cholinegic cell group Ch2

diagonalis verticalis of diagonal band of diagonal band
2536 Cellulae cholinergicae striae Cellulae cholinergicae Ch3 Cholinergic cells of horizontal Cholinergic cells of horizontal Cholinergic cell group Ch3
diagonalis horizontalis limb of diagonal band limb of diagonal band
2537 Cellulae cholinergicae nuclei Cellulae cholinergicae Ch4 Cholinergic cells of basal nucleus Cholinergic cells of basal nucleus Cholinergic cell group Ch4
basalis
2538 Nucleus striae terminalis Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Bed nucleus of stria terminalis
2539 Pars sublenticularis amygdalae Sublenticular extended amygdala Sublenticular extended amygdala
2540 Stria diagonalis Diagonal band Diagonal band Diagonal band of Broca
2541 Crus horizontale Horizontal limb Horizontal limb
2542 Crus verticale Vertical limb Vertical limb
2543 Nucleus striae diagonalis Nucleus of diagonal band Nucleus of diagonal band
2544 Substantia innominata Innominate substance Innominate substance Innominate substance of Reichert
2545 Nuclei septales Septal nuclei Septal nuclei
2546 Nucleus septalis dorsalis Dorsal septal nucleus Dorsal septal nucleus
2547 Nucleus septalis lateralis Lateral septal nucleus Lateral septal nucleus
2548 Nucleus septalis medialis Medial septal nucleus Medial septal nucleus
2549 Nucleus septalis precommissuralis Precommissural septal nucleus Precommissural septal nucleus
2550 Nucleus septofimbrialis Septofimbrial nucleus Septofimbrial nucleus
2551 Nucleus triangularis septi Triangular nucleus of septum Triangular nucleus of septum
2552 Substantia alba White matter of basal forebrain White matter of basal forebrain White substance of basal forebrain
2553 Tractus longi Long tracts Long tracts Basal telencephalic parts
2554 Tractus descendentes Descending tracts Descending tracts
2555 Ansa peduncularis Ansa peduncularis Ansa peduncularis Peduncular loop
2556 Stria terminalis Stria terminalis Stria terminalis
2557 Fasciculus amygdalofugalis Ventral amygdalofugal bundle Ventral amygdalofugal bundle
ventralis
2558 Fibrae amygdalotegmentales Amygdalotegmental Amygdalotegmental
fibres fibers
2559 Nuclei basales Corpus striatum Basal nuclei Basal nuclei Corpus striatum
2560 Nucleus caudatus Caudate nucleus Caudate nucleus
2561 Caput Head Head
2562 Corpus Body Body
2563 Cauda Tail Tail
2564 Nucleus lentiformis Lentiform nucleus Lentiform nucleus Lenticular nucleus
2565 Putamen Putamen Putamen
2566 Lamina medullaris lateralis Lamina medullaris externa Lateral medullary lamina Lateral medullary lamina External medullary lamina
2567 Globus pallidus lateralis Globus pallidus externus Globus pallidus lateral segment Globus pallidus lateral segment Globus pallidus external segment
2568 Lamina medullaris medialis Lamina medullaris interna Medial medullary lamina Medial medullary lamina Internal medullary lamina
2569 Globus pallidus medialis Globus pallidus internus Globus pallidus medial segment Globus pallidus medial segment Globus pallidus internal segment
2570 Pars lateralis Lateral part Lateral part
2571 Lamina medullaris accessoria Accessory medullary lamina Accessory medullary lamina
2572 Pars medialis Medial part Medial part
2573 Striatum Striatum Striatum Neoostriatum
2574 Striatum dorsale Dorsal striatum Dorsal striatum
2575 Nucleus caudatus Caudate nucleus Caudate nucleus Endnote 145
2576 Striosoma Striosome Striosome

2577 Matrix Matrix Matrix
2578 Pontes grisei caudatolenticulares Pontes grisei transcapsulares Caudolenticular grey bridges Caudolenticular gray bridges Transcapsular grey bridges;
Transcapsular gray bridges
2579 Putamen Putamen Putamen
2580 Striatum ventrale Ventral striatum Ventral striatum
2581 Fundus striati Fundus striati Fundus striati Endnote 146
2582 Nucleus accumbens Nucleus accumbens Nucleus accumbens
2583 Pars centralis Regio nuclearis Central part Central part Core region
2584 Pars medialis Regio tegens Medial part Medial part Shell region
2585 Tuberculum olfactorium Olfactory tubercle Olfactory tubercle
2586 Insulae olfactoriae Insulae terminales Olfactory islets Olfactory islets Terminal islands Islands of Calleja
2587 Pallidum Pallidum Pallidum
2588 Pallidum dorsale Globus pallidus Dorsal pallidum Dorsal pallidum Globus pallidus Paleostriatum
2589 Pallidum ventrale Ventral pallidum Ventral pallidum
2591 Striatum Striatum Striatum Endnote 147
2593 Neuron spinosum magnitudinis Medium-sized spiny neuron Medium-sized spiny neuron
mediae
2594 Interneura striatalia Striatal interneurons Striatal interneurons Endnote 148
2596 Interneuron cholinergicum Neuron aspinosum typi II Aspiny, type II, cholinergic Aspiny, type II, cholinergic
striati interneuron interneuron
2598 Interneuron GABAergicum Neuron aspinosum typi I Aspiny, type I, GABAergic Aspiny, type I, GABAergic
striati interneuron interneuron
2599 Globus pallidus Globus pallidus Globus pallidus
2601 Neuron magnum Large cell Large cell
2602 Substantia alba White matter of basal nuclei White matter of basal nuclei White substance of basal nuclei
2603 Tractus striatales Striatal fibre tracts Striatal fiber tracts
2604 Capsula externa External capsule External capsule
2605 Fasciculus subcallosus Subcallosal bundle Subcallosal bundle Bundle of Muratoff
2606 Ansa lenticularis Ansa lenticularis Ansa lenticularis
2607 Fasciculus lenticularis Lenticular fasciculus Lenticular fasciculus
2608 Fasciculus subthalamicus Subthalamic fasciculus Subthalamic fasciculus
2609 Fasciculus thalamicus Thalamic fasciculus Thalamic fasciculus
2610 Connexus striatales Striatal connections Striatal connections
2611 Connexus afferentes Afferent connections Afferent connections
2612 Fibrae corticostriatales Corticostriatal fibres Corticostriatal fibers
2613 Fibrae amygdalostriatales Amygdalostriatal fibres Amygdalostriatal fibers
2614 Fibrae thalamostriatales Thalamostriatal fibres Thalamostriatal fibers
2615 Fibrae nigrostriatales Nigrostriatal fibres Nigrostriatal fibers
2616 Connexus efferentes Efferent connections Efferent connections
2617 Fibrae striatopallidales Striatopallidal fibres Striatopallidal fibers 'Pencil bundles' of Wilson
2618 Fibrae striatonigrales Striatonigral fibres Striatonigral fibers 'Kammsystem' (Comb system) of

Edinger
2619 Connexus pallidales Pallidal connections Pallidal connections
2620 Connexus afferentes Afferent connections Afferent connections
2621 Fibrae striatopallidales Striatopallidal fibres Striatopallidal fibers
2622 Fibrae subthalamopallidales Subthalamopallidal fibres Subthalamopallidal fibers
2623 Connexus efferentes Fibrae pallidofugales Efferent connections Efferent connections Pallidofugal fibres; Pallidofugal
fibers
2624 Fibrae pallidosubthalamicae Pallidosubthalamic fibres Pallidosubthalamic fibers
2625 Fibrae pallidothalamicae Pallidothalamic fibres Pallidothalamic fibers
2626 Fibrae pallidohabenulares Pallidohabenular fibres Pallidohabenular fibers
2627 Fibrae pallidonigrales Pallidonigral fibres Pallidonigral fibers
2628 Fibrae pallidotegmentales Pallidotegmental fibres Pallidotegmental fibers
2629 Ventriculus lateralis Lateral ventricle Lateral ventricle

2630 Cornu frontale Cornu anterius Frontal horn Frontal horn Anterior horn
2631 Foramen interventriculare Interventricular foramen Interventricular foramen Foramen of Monro
2632 Pars centralis Corpus Central part Central part Body
2633 Taenia choroidea Choroid line Choroid line
2634 Fissura choroidea Choroid fissure Choroid fissure
2636 Trigonum collaterale Collateral trigone Collateral trigone
2637 Atrium Atrium Atrium
2638 Eminentia collateralis Collateral eminence Collateral eminence
2639 Glomus choroideum Choroid enlargement Choroid enlargement
2640 Bulbus cornus posterioris Bulb of occipital horn Bulb of occipital horn
2641 Calcar avis Calcarine spur Calcarine spur
2642 Cornu ocipitale Cornu posterius Occipital horn Occipital horn Posterior horn
2643 Cornu temporale Cornu inferius Temporal horn Temporal horn Inferior horn

ENDNOTES
1 Interneuron longiaxonicum. This category comprises the Interneurons, in the sense of all neurons other than motoneurons and sensory neurons, that are usually described as Projection, Commissural and
Association neurons (see Bota M, Swanson LW 2007 The neuron classification problem. Brain Res Rev 56:79-88).
- The Term Neuron projectionis (Projection neuron) is used for those neurons projecting outside a given centre, also known as Tract cells (Spinal tract cells), Relay neurons (Thalamic relay neurons) or Principal
neurons (e.g., Basal ganglia, Hippocampus). See: Shepherd GM 2004 The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed. Oxford University Press, New York, and Chapters therein. The neuromodulatory neurons
(adrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic cells) belong to this group of neurons.
- The term Neuron commissurale (Commissural neuron) is used for the Cells of origin of Commissures such as the Corpus callosum.
- The term Neuron associationis (Association neuron ) is used for the Cells of origin of Association pathways of the Cerebrum. The Cells of origin of Spinal propriospinal pathways are placed in this category.
2 Plica petroclinoidea anterior. The Plica petroclinoidea anterior (Anterior petroclinoid fold) extends from the Petrous apex to the Anterior clinoid process (Lang J 1979 Kopf, Vol B: Gehirn- und Augenschädel. In:
von Lanz and Wachsmuth Praktische Anatomie. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York; Rhoton AL Jr 2002 The cavernous sinus, the cavernous venous plexus, and the carotid collar. Neurosurgery 51, Suppl
1:S375-S410).
3 Plica petroclinoidea anterior. The Plica petroclinoidea posterior (Posterior petroclinoid fold) extends from the Petrous apex to the Posterior clinoid process (Lang 1979; Rhoton 2002). Between these folds the
Oculomotor nerve enters the roof of the Cavernous sinus.
4 Ligamentum petroclinoideum. The Ligamentum petroclinoideum (Williams PL et al. eds 1995 Gray's Anatomy, 38th ed. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; Rhoton 2002) or Ligamentum sphenopetrosum
superius (Lang 1979) is a fibrous band connecting the lateral margin of the Dorsum sellae and the upper margin of the Pars petrosa ossis temporalis.
5 Canalis nervi abducentis. The fibro-osseous Canalis nervi abducentis (Abducens nerve canal or Dorello's canal) is found at the Apex of the Pars petrosa ossis temporalis, and cranially bound by the
Ligamentum petroclinoideum of Gruber.
6 Cavum trigeminale. The Ligamentum petrolinguale (Rhoton 2002) or Ligamentum sphenopetrosum inferius (Lang 1979) largely forms the bottom of the Cavum trigeminale. Suggested synonym: Ligamentum
petrosphenoideum. The Porus trigeminus is a dural opening communicating the Cavum trigeminale with the Infratentorial space (see Lang J 2001 Skull Base and Related Structures. Atlas of clinical anatomy, 2nd
ed. Schattauer, Stuttgart, New York).
7 Spatium subdurale. Although the terms Spatium subdurale and Spatium epidurale/extradurale are in common usage, under normal conditions the arachnoid is attached to the dura and the dura is attached to
the skull; there are no naturally occurring spaces at these interfaces at all. The occurrence of these spaces is the result of trauma or of pathological process that artifactually separates the arachnoid from the dura or
the dura from the skull (Haines DE 1991 On the question of a subdural space. Anat Rec 230:3-21; Van Denabeele F, Creemans J, Lambrichts I 1996 Ultrastructure of the human spinal arachnoid mater and dura
mater. J Anat (Lond) 189:417-430).
8 Spatium subarachnoideum. The Spatium subarachnoideum is the space deep to the outer layer of of the leptomeninx and containing the arachnoid trabeculae. The spatium is bounded internally by the outer
layer of the pia mater, however, and the most appropriate designation is therefore Spatium leptomeningeum (Leptomeningeal space).
9 Cisternae subarachnoideae. The Cisternae subarachnoideae (Subarachnoid cisterns) can be divided into an Infratentorial and a Supratentorial group; the Basal cisterns are usually called together the Cisterna
basalis (see Yasargil MG 1984 Microneurosurgery. Thieme, Stuttgart) with Rostral and Caudal basal cisterns (see Lang J 1979 Kopf B: Gehirn- und Augenschädel, and 1985 Kopf A: Übergeordnete Systeme. In:
von Lanz and Wachsmuth Praktische Anatomie. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York). The Cisternae infratentoriae (Infratentorial cisterns) and Cisternae supratentoriae (Supratentorial cisterns) can be
subdivided into unpaired basal and dorsal cisterns, and paired lateral cisterns. They are arranged here from Caudal to Rostral.

10 Membranae intercisternales. In Neurosurgery, various Intercisternal membranes are distinguished between the various Cisterns (see Rhoton AL Jr 2000 The posterior fossa cisterns. Neurosurgery 47, Suppl
S287-S297). Of particular interest is the Membrana intercisternalis basalis (Basal intercisternal or Liliequist's membrane; see Liliequist B 1959 The subarachnoid cisterns. An anatomic and roentgenologic study.
Acta Radiol, Suppl 185:1-108; Mortazavi MM, Rizq F, Harmon O, et al. 2014 Anatomical variation and neurosurgical significance of Liliequist's membrane. Childs Nerv Syst, in press (published Online: November
14, 2014). Clinical eponym: Liliequist.
11 Vasa sanguinea encephali. This update of TA (pages 83-85, 93-95) is mainly based on Lang (Kopf A, Kopf B. von Lanz and Wachsmuth Praktische Anatomie, 1985 and 1979, respectively; Springer; Rhoton AL
Jr 2002a Neurosurgery 51, Suppl 1:S53-S120 (The supratentorial arteries), Rhoton AL Jr 2002b, S1:S159-204 (The cerebral veins), and Rhoton AL Jr 2007 The cerebrum (Neurosurgery 61, Suppl 1:SHC37-
SHC120; and Harrigan MR, Deveikis JP (2013) Hb Cerebrovascular Diseases and Neurointerventional Techniques, Humana Press, pp 1-85. For the Brain stem and Cerebellum, Duvernoy HM (1995 The Human
Brain Stem and Cerebellum. Springer, Vienna) is followed. The various arteries to the Brain are listed to their blood flow as Carotid and Vertebrobasilar systems.
12 Arteria carotis interna. For the Arteria carotis interna (Internal carotid artery or ICA, the subdivision into C1-C4 segments (Gibo et al. 1981 J Neurosurg 55:560-574) is replaced by the more recent Bouthillier
subdivision into C1-C7 (Bouthillier A, van Loveren HR, Keller JT 1996 Segments of the internal carotid artery: A new classification. Neurosurgery 38:425-433). Main differences are:
- the Pars lacera (Segmentum C3) is a short segment that begins above the Foramen lacerum and ends at the Ligamentum petrolinguale. The new Segments C2 and C3 cover the old Segment C2;
- the Pars cavernosa is the new Segmentum C4;
- the Segments C5-C7 comprise the Pars cerebralis (C4) of the Gibo/TA subdivision: the Pars clinoidea (Segmentum C5) is a borderline segment extending between dural rings, by definition never intradural, often
surrounded by a venous collar (a protrusion of the Cavernous sinus), the Pars ophthalmica is Segmentum C6, and the Pars communicans Segmentum C7.
13 Arteria hypoglossa persistens/Arteria trigemina persistens/Arteria stapedia persistens/Arteria otica persistens. During development, longitudinal arteries are formed, connected with the ICAs by temporary (or
primitive) trigeminal, otic, stapedial and hypoglossal arteries (see Padget DH 1948 The development of the cranial arteries in the human embryo. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Instn 32:2-5-261). These 'Primitive
arteries' may persist (Wohlschlaeger G, Wohlschlaeger PB 1964 The primitive trigeminal artery as seen angiographically and at postmortem examination. AJR Am J Roentgenol 92:761-768; Suttner N, Mura J,
Tedeschi H, et al. 2000 Persistent trigeminal artery: A unique anatomic specimen - analysis and therapeutic implications. Neurosurgery 47:428-434).
14 Sipho caroticus. The Sipho caroticus (Carotid siphon), described by Moniz in 1927, is not well-defined. It covers the C4-C5/C6 segments (see Sanders-Taylor C, Kurbanov A, Cebula H, Leach JL, Zuccarello
M, Keller JT 2014 The carotid siphon: A historic radiographic sign, not an anatomic classification. World Neurosurg 82:423-427).
15 Rami hippocampales. For further subdivision of the Rami hippocampales (Branches to hippocampus), see Duvernoy HM (1998) The Human Hippocampus, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York; and
Huther G, Dörfl J, Van der Loos H, Jeanmonod D (1998) Microanatomic and vascular aspects of the temporomesial region. Neurosurgery 45:1118-1136.
16 Rami striati breves. The TA nomenclature for the Striatal arteries is rather confusing. The Aa.striatae mediales proximales (PNA: Arteriae centrales breves) may better be known as Rami striati breves (as for
A2 segment). The TA term Arteria striata medialis distalis is replaced by Arteria striata longa with Arteria centralis longa of PNA as synonym; eponym: (Recurrent artery of) Heubner.
17 Arteria orbitofrontalis posterior. The Arteria orbitofrontalis posterior (Posterior orbitofrontal artery) is a constant branch of A2 supplying the posterior part of the Orbital and Straight gyri as well as the Olfactory
tract (see Ciolkowski M, Michalik R, Ciszek B 2004 Arteries to the proximal part of the olfactory tract. Folia Morphol 63:455-458).
18 Arteria subcallosa. Since this artery runs in front of the Lamina terminalis and below the Rostrum and Genu of the Corpus callosum, the TA term Arteria precallosa is corrected to Arteria subcallosa (Türe U,
Yasargil M, Krisht A 1996 The arteries of the corpus callosum: A microsurgical study. Neurosurgery 39:1075-1085).
19 Arteriae centrales anterolaterales. The confusing TA terms Rami proximales/distales laterales striati have been replaced by Arteriae lenticulostriatae mediales and laterales, following Marinković S, Gibo H,
Milisavljević M, Ćetković M (2001) Anatomic and clinical correlations of the lenticulostriate arteries. Clin Anat 14:190-195.

20 Rami medullares mediales. For the Rami medullares mediales (Medial medullary branches) as synonym, the term Paramedian branches (Foix C, Hillemand P 1925 Les artères de l'axe encéphalique jusqu'au
diencéphale inclusivement. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2:705-739) is added, for the Rami medullares laterales (Lateral medullary branches), Short circumferential medullary branches, and for the Rami medullares
posteriores (Posterior medullary branches), Long circumferential medullary branches. According to Duvernoy HM (1995 The Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum. Springer, Vienna; see also Tatu L, Moulin T,
Bogousslavsky J, Duvernoy HM 1996 Arterial territories of human brain. Brainstem and cerebellum. Neurology 47:1125-1135), the Medulla is vascularized by Anteromedial and Anterolateral groups from Vertebral
artery and the Anterior spinal artery. A similar approach is used for Pons and Mesencephalon.
21 Venae cerebri superiores/Venae trunci encephali/Venae cerebelli. Although the Venae cerebri superiores (Superficial cerebral veins) are rather variable, here the subdivision suggested by Rhoton (2002
Neurosurgery 51, Suppl1:S159-204) is followed. The Superior cerebral veins drain to the Superior sagittal sinus, whereas the Venae cerebri inferiores drain into the Sinuses along the Cranial base. For the Venae
trunci encephali and Venae cerebelli, Duvernoy HM (1995 The Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum. Springer, Vienna) is followed.
22 Sinus durae matris. Several Sinus durae matris have been added:
- Sinus tentorii (Tentorial sinus; see Matsushima M, Suzuki SO, Fukui M, et al. 1989 Microsurgical anatomy of the tentorial sinuses. J Neurosurg 71:923-928);
- A variable Sinus occipitalis obliquus (Oblique occipital sinus; see Tubbs RS, Bosmia An, Shoja MM, et al. 2011 The oblique occipital sinus: A review of anatomy and imaging characteristics. Surg Radiol Anat
33:747-749);
- A variable Plexus venosus falcis (Venous plexus of falx; see Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Shoja MM, et al. 2007 Anatomy of the falcine venous plexus. J Neurosurg 107:155-157);
- A variabe Sinus intercavernosus inferior (Inferior intercavernous sinus; see Tubbs RS, Griessenauer C, Loukas M, Cohen-Gadol A 2014 Circular sinus: An anatomical study with neurosurgical and
neurointerventional applications. World Neurosurg 82:475-478).
23 Arteriae medullae spinalis. For the Arteriae medullae spinalis, see Rickenbacher J, Landolt AM, Theiler K (1982) Rücken. In: von Lanz and Wachsmuth Praktische Anatomie. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New
York; Thron AK (1988) Vascular Anatomy of the Spinal Cord. Springer, Vienna; and Bosmia AN, Hogan E, Loukas M, et al. (2015) Blood supply to the human spinal cord. I. Anatomy and hemodynamics. Clin Anat
28:52-64.
24 Venae medullae spinalis. For the Venae medullae spinalis, see Rickenbacher et al. (1982), and Griessenauer CJ, Raborn J, Foreman J, et al. (2015) Venous drainage of the spine and spinal cord. Clin Anat
28:75-87; some reordering, from inside outwards.
25 Cornu posterius. The Dorsal horn consists of Laminae I-VI, including the Sensory layers I-IV and the mixed layers V and VI (VI only present in the intumescences) as advocated in TA and by Sengul G, Watson
C (2012) Spinal cord: regional anatomy, cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 186-232. Layers I and II form the
Superficial dorsal horn, and Layers III-VI the Deep dorsal horn. The Intermediate zone is interpreted as Lamina VII only, and the Ventral horn consists of Laminae VIII and IX.
26 Processus reticularis. At cervical levels, strands of grey matter invade the lateral funiculus from the base of the Dorsal grey column, separated by interlacing nerve fibres like a net, for which von Lenhossék
(1895) introduced the term Processus reticularis; later it became known as Formatio reticularis spinalis.
27 Typi neurales. Main terms from TH have been abbreviated; included are mainly those neurons that are also characterized for the human spinal cord. As in the other Sections, the following terminology is used:
Neura projectionis (Projection neurons or Tract cells), and Interneura excitatoria and inhibitoria. A peculiarity of the spinal cord are the Interneura propriospinalia. It is useful to define three subgroups of spinal
interneurons, based on their axonal targets (Burke RE 2004 Ventral horn. In: Shepherd GM, ed: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed. Oxford University Press, New York): Segmental or local interneurons,
Propriospinal neurons that link activities over multiple spinal segments, and spinal interneurons that send their axons primarily to supraspinal destinations, to be referred to as Tract cells.
28 Interneura cornus posterioris. In Lamina II, four cell types were identified by Schoenen J (1982) The dendritic organization of the human spinal cord: The dorsal horn. Neuroscience 7:2057-2087. These
interneurons have now been characterized immunohistochemically and electrophysiologically in rodents. Applied is the subdivision developed by Grudt TJ, Perl ER (2002) Correlations between neuronal
morphology and electrophysiological features in the rodent superficial dorsal horn. J Physiol 540:189-207.

29 Nucleus intercalatus spinalis/Nucleus intermediolateralis. In their study on Autonomic neurons in the spinal cord, Petras JM, Cummings JF (1972 Autonomic neurons in the spinal cord of the rhesus monkey. J
Comp Neurol 146:189-218) described the Nucleus intercalatus spinalis (Spinal intercalated nucleus) and subdivided the Nucleus intermediolateralis (Intermediolateral nucleus) into a Principal part and a
Funicular part, extending into the Lateral funiculus.
30 Interneura zonae intermediae. Various types of locomotion-related interneurons have been identified in the rodent spinal cord (see Kiehn O 2011 Development and functional organization of spinal locomotor
circuits. Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:100-109), excitatory as well as inhibitory, commissural as well as ipsilaterally projecting. For morphology in cat spinal cord, see: Jankowska E, Lindström S (1972) Morphology of
interneurones mediating Ia reciprocal inhibition of motoneurones in the spinal cord of the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 226:805-823. In cats, Renshaw cells were morphologically identified (see Jankowska E, Lindström S
1971 Morphological identification of Renshaw cells. Acta Physiol Scand 81:428-430).
31 Neura associationis. According to Kuypers HGJM (1981, Anatomy of the descending pathways. Chapter 13 in Hb Physiol, The Nervous System II. American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD), propriospinal
neurons, the intermediates between descending pathways and spinal motoneurons, can be subdivided into three groups: 1) Short propriospinal neurons with cell bodies located in the lateral parts of Laminae V-
VII, with a range of 6-8 segments; 2) Intermediate propriospinal neurons with cell bodies mainly in the central part of Lamina VII, and axons extending over a subtotal number of cord segments (C>L; Th>S); 3)
Long propriospinal neurons with cell bodies in the medial part of Lamina VII and in Lamina VIII, and extending over the whole extent of spinal cord segments.
32 Tractus proprii. Nathan and Smith described the Propriospinal fasciculi as Posterior or Dorsal, Lateral, and Anterior or Ventral Ground bundles (Nathan PW, Smith MC 1959 Fasciculi proprii of the spinal cord in
man. Brain 82:610-668). The term Fasciculus septomarginalis (Septomarginal fasciculus) is used for: 1) the Oval bundle of Flechsig, present at lumbar levels; and 2) the Triangle of Philippe-Gombault, present at
sacral levels (see Schoenen J, Grant G 2004 The spinal cord: Connections. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 236-265). The term Fasciculus
interfascicularis is also known as the Comma tract of Schultze, present at cervical and high thoracic levels. According to Nathan and Smith (1959), the Comma tract consists of descending divisions of the cervical
and upper thoracic dorsal roots. The Fasciculus cornucommissuralis is present throughout the cord, best developed at lumbar levels; situated along the medial side of the posterior grey column abutting the
posterior commissure. It consists of ipsilaterally running propriospinal fibres (see Schoenen and Grant 2004).
33 Zona ingressionis radicis posterioris. Sindou et al. (1974) distinguished Lateral and Medial components of the Zona ingressionis radicis posterioris (Sindou M, Quoex C, Baleydier C 1974 Fiber organization
at the posterior spinal cord rootlet junction in man. J Comp Neurol 153:15-26).
34 Tractus anterolateralis. A Tract may be defined as a projection (a set of fibres with one main source and one main site of termination) which manifests itself as a fibre concentration over at least part of its course
(Nieuwenhuys R 1998 Structure and organisation of fibre systems. In: Nieuwenhuys R, ten Donkelaar HJ, Nicholson C: The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp 113-
157). For fibre systems with a more diffuse organization, the term Fibrae is advocated.
35 Tractus spinohypothalamicus. A Tractus spinohypothalamicus (Spinohypothalamic tract) has been characterized functionally in monkeys (Zhang X, Wenk HN, Gokin AP, et al. 1999 Physiological studies of
spinohypothalamic tract neurons in the lumbar enlargement of monkeys. J Neurophysiol 82:1054-1058; see also Westlund KN, Willis WD Jr 2012 Pain system. IN: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous
System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1144-1186).
36 Tractus spinoolivaris. For the Tractus spinoolivaris (Spino-olivary tract) as eponym Helweg's tract is used. Smith and Deacon (Smith MC, Deacon P 1981 Helweg's triangular tract in man. Brain 104:249-277)
denied that Helweg's tract contains spino-olivary fibres; more likely reticulospinal; Helweg's tract can be identified in Weigert-stained sections, but hardly in Luxol-Fast-Blue-stained sections. The term Fibrae
olivospinales is deleted (non-existent); they are probably reticulospinal fibres; see Brodal A 1969 Neurological Anatomy in Relation to Clinical Medicine, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, New York).
37 Tractus reticulospinalis lateralis. For the Reticulospinal tracts various terms are used in the literature. Following the study on human reticulospinal fibres by Nathan PW, Smith MC, Deacon P (1996
Vestibulospinal, reticulospinal and descending propriospinal nerve fibres in man. Brain 119:1809-1833), here, a simplified subdivision into a Lateral (from The Myelencephalon) and a Medial reticulospinal tract (from
the Pons) is advocated.

38 Substantia grisea. The various Brain stem nuclei have been rearranged according to their connectivity, following the Third edition of Olszewski and Baxter: Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem (Büttner-
Ennever JA, Horn AKE, eds, 2014, Karger, Basel), and from caudal to rostral.
39 Nucleus parvocellularis compactus. Although the Nucleus parvocellularis compactus (Compact parvocellular nucleus) is included in the Nucleus parasolitarius by Paxinos and Huang (Paxinos G, Huang X-F
1995 Atlas of the Human Brain Stem. Academic Press, San Diego, CA), its fibre connections indicate that it probably should be grouped with the Somatosensory system (Al-Chaer ED, Lawand NB, Westlund KN,
Willis WD 1996 Pelvic visceral input into the nucleus gracilis is largely mediated by the postsynaptic dorsal column pathway. J Neurophysiol 76:2675-2690).
40 Nucleus cuneatus. For the Nucleus cuneatus (Cuneate nucleus), the new subdivision into 4 parts by Florence SL, Wall JT, Kaas JH (1989 Somatotopic organization of inputs from the hand to the spinal gray
and cuneate nucleus of monkeys. J Comp Neurol 286:48-70) is used, as in Paxinos G, Huang X-F (1995 Atlas of the Human Brainstem. Academic Press, San Diego).
41 Nuclei acustici. The Cochlear nuclei have been rather well studied in the human brain stem (Moore JK, Osen KK 1979 The cochlear nuclei in man. Am J Anat 154:393-418; Adams JC 1986 Neuronal
morphology in the human cochlear nucleus. Arch Otol Head Surg 112:1253-1261; Wagoner JL, Kulesza RJ Jr 2009 Topographical and cellular distribution of perineuronal nets in the human cochlear nucleus. Hear
Res 254:42-53). The human Nucleus cochlearis posterior is organized as three layers.
42 Cellula rotiformis. The Granule-cartwheel cell system may be lost in humans (Moore JK, Linthicum FH Jr 2004 Auditory system. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 1241-1279; Young ED, Oertel D 2010 Cochlear nucleus. In: Shepherd GM, Grillner S, eds: Handbook of Brain Microcircuits. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 215-223).
43 Nucleus salivatorius inferior. It should be noted that the Inferior and Superior salivatory nuclei appear to be a distributed set of neurons that do not condense into nuclei as such (Blessing WB 2004 Lower brain
stem regulation of visceral, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp 465-478).
44 Zona reticularis intermedia. The Zona reticularis intermedia (Intermediate reticular zone of Paxinos et al. 1990) is the junctional zone between the alar and basal plates in the medulla oblongata and
retropontine tegmentum. It contains the motoneurons of the ambiguus, retrofacial and facial nuclei, and the retroambiguus nucleus (Paxinos G, Huang X-F 1995 Atlas of the Human Brain Stem. Academic Press,
CA). The IRZ around this motoneuron column includes the Bötzinger complex, the pre-Bötzinger complex and rostral and ventral respiratory and vasomotor groups (Blessing WW, Benarroch EE 2012 Lower
brainstem regulation of visceral, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Central Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1058-1073). Alternatively, certain nuclei
have been grouped as Lateral reticular formation (Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, van Huijzen C 2008 The Human Central Nervous System, 4th ed. Springer, Heidelberg).
45 Nucleus conterminalis. The Nucleus conterminalis (Nucleus gliosis of Kooy 1916) is an inconsistent group of neurons between the inferior olive and the pyramid, separated from the related Arcuate nucleus
(Olszewski and Baxter3).
46 Nuclei tractus paramediani. The cell groups of the Paramedian tract (PMT cell groups) are a collection of 6 or more clusters of neurons, identified on the basis of their common projection to the monkey floccular
region (Langer TP, Fuchs AF, Scudder CA, Chubb MC 1985 Afferents to the flocculus of the cerebellum in the rhesus macaque as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. J Comp Neurol 235:1-
25). They have been identified and numbered PMT1-PMT6 in the human brain stem and lie scattered in and around the Paramedian fibre tracts (Buresch N 2005 Neuroanatomische Charakterisierung
blickstabilisierende Neurone an der Hirnstammmittellinie der Primaten, einschliesslich des Menschen. Dissertation LMU Munich; quoted from Olszewski and Baxter3; available online from LMU).
47 Nucleus paramedianus posterior. The Nucleus paramedianus posterior is also known as the Nucleus of the anterior funiculus, and possibly, is a precerebellar nucleus (Baizer JS, Baker JF, Haas K, Lima R
2007 Neurochemical organization of the nucleus paramedianus dorsalis in the human. Brain Res 1176:45-52; Olszewski and Baxter3, page 281).
48 Tractus trigeminothalami. The Tractus trigeminothalamicus anterior arises in the Spinal trigeminal nucleus and joins the Medial lemniscus, whereas the Tractus trigeminothalamicus lateralis arises in the
Caudal part of the Spinal trigeminal nucleus and joins the Anterolateral tract.

49 Pons. In colloquial neuroanatomy the term Pons is used for the metencephalon. The term pons, however, as pons Varoli, means the large protrusion with the pontine nuclei and associated fibre pathways, but
not the tegmentum. From an ontological point of view, the terms prepontine, pontine and retropontine hindbrain would be preferred. Nuclei are placed from retropontine through pontine to prepontine tegmentum,
the latter including the Isthmus rhombencephali.
50 Nucleus corporis trapezoidei. In the TA, three nuclei (Anterior, Lateral and Medial) of the trapezoid body are mentioned; according to Olszewski and Baxter3, these nuclei should be included as Nuclei
periolivares; Paxinos and Huang (1995), however, still recognize one Nucleus of the trapezoid body.
51 Nucleus nervi abducentis. The Nucleus nervi abducentis is composed of Somatomotor neurons, Interneurons projecting to the Oculomotor nucleus and Paramedian tract neurons (PMT cell group 4b) projecting
to the Flocculus.
52 Nucleus retrofacialis. For the Nucleus retrofacialis as synonym Nucleus facialis accessorius (Accessory facial nucleus; Olszewski and Baxter3) is added. This nucleus innervates the Stylohyoid and Posterior
digastric muscles (Szentágothai J 1948 The representation of facial and scalp muscles in the facial nucleus. J Comp Neurol 88:207-220; Jacobs MJ 1970 The development of the human motor trigeminal complex
and accessory facial nucleus and their topographic relations with the facial and abducens nuclei. J Comp Neurol 138:161-194).
53 Nucleus retrotrigeminalis. For the Nucleus retrotrigeminalis as synonym Nucleus trigeminalis accessorius (Accessory trigeminal nucleus; Olszewski and Baxter3) is added. This nucleus innervates the
Anterior digastric muscle (Jacobs 1970; Székely G, Matesz C 1993 The efferent system of cranial nerve nuclei: A comparative neuromorphological study. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 128:1-92).
54 Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. The Formatio reticularis pontis paramediana contains premotor networks for the generation of the horizontal component of conjugate eye and head movements (Büttner-
Ennever JA, Horn AKE 2004 Reticular formation: Eye movements, gaze, and blinks. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 480-510). The Nucleus raphes
interpositus is a specific cell group in the midline of the NRPC which triggers saccadic eye movements, but is not a neuromodulatory type of raphe nucleus (Büttner-Ennever JA, Cohen B, Pause M, Fries W 1988
Raphe nucleus of the pons containing omnipause neurons of the oculomotor system in the monkey, and its homologue in man. J Comp Neurol 267:307-321).
55 Centrum micturitionis. The Centrum micturitionis pontis (Pontine micturition centre or Barrington's nucleus) is located medial to the Locus coeruleus (see Paxinos G, Huang X-F, Sengul G, Watson C 2012
Organization of brainstem nuclei. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 260-327). The PMC is also known as M- (Medial) region (Holstege G, Griffiths D, de Wall
H, Dalm E 1986 Anatomical and physiological observations on supraspinal control of bladder and urethral sphincter muscles in the cat. J Comp Neurol 256:449-461). Regio L, the L- (Lateral) region in the
Dorsolateral pontine tegmental field innervates the Nucleus of Onuf (see Blok BFM, Sturms LM, Holstege G 1998 Brain activation during micturition in women. Brain 121:2033-2042).
56 Tractus vestibulomesencephalici. The Tractus vestibulomesencephalici include (Büttner-Ennever JA, Gerrits NM 2004 Vestibular system. In: Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds. The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1213-1240): the Tractus vestibulomesencephalicus medialis, containing fibres from Vestibular nuclei to Oculomotor nuclei, passing via the FLM; the Tractus
vestibulomesencephalicus lateralis, with fibres from the Lateral vestibular nucleus to Oculomotor nuclei, passing just lateral to the FLM (eponym: Ascending tract of Deiters; the Tractus
vestibulomesencephalicus ventralis, with fibres from the Y group and the Superior vestibular nucleus crossing in the Ventral tegmentum either within or below the Brachium conjunctivum.
57 Tractus vestibulothalamicus. In monkeys, Vestibulothalamic projections pass via both the FLM and the Ascending tract of Deiters (Lang W, Büttner-Ennever JA, Büttner U 1979 Vestibular projections to the
monkey thalamus: An autoradiographic study. Brain Res 177:3-17). Zwergal et al. (2008) demonstrated a Vestibulothalamic tract adjacent to the Medial lemniscus in humans (Zwergal A, Büttner-Ennever JA, Brandt
T, Strupp M 2008 An ipsilateral vestibulothalamic tract adjacent to the medial lemniscus in humans. Brain 131:2928-2935).
58 Pedunculus cerebri. Traditionally, the Mesencephalon was subdivided into the Tectum (the Colliculi) and the Pedunculus (the Crus cerebri, the Substantia/VTA complex and the Tegmentum mesencephali). Here
it is advocated to use the term Pedunculus only for what it actually is: a large bundle of fibres from the Telencephalon to the Brain stem and Spinal cord.

59 Nucleus intercollicularis. The Nucleus intercollicularis is added as a structure separate from the auditory (Inferior) and visual (Superior) colliculi (Wiberg M, Westman J, Blomqvist A 1987 Somatosensory
projection to the mesencephalon: An anatomical study in the monkey. J Comp Neurol 264:92-117).
60 Nucleus terminalis lateralis. The Nucleus terminalis lateralis is part of the Accessory optic system (see Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, van Huijzen C 2008 The Human Nervous System, 4th ed. Springer,
Heidelberg).
61 Nucleus nervi oculomotorii. The Oculomotor nucleus contains a population of Internuclear neurons projecting to the contralateral Abducens nucleus (Ugolini G et al. 2006 J Comp Neurol 498:762-785).
62 Nuclei visceromotorii. For the Nuclei accessorii nervi oculomotorii, the following terminology is suggested (after Olszewski and Baxter3): The name Edinger-Westphal nucleus should be restricted to the
cytoarchitectonically defined central cell group traditionally considered as the location of preganglionic neurons (EWpg). The lateral, nonganglionic part of the Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal contains urocortin-positive
neurons with central projections to the lateral septum, raphe nuclei and the spinal cord (EWcp).
63 Nucleus cuneiformis. In Olszewski and Baxter3, the Nucleus cuneiformis forms only the Caudal part of the Nucleus cuneiformis of Olszewski and Baxter2 and the TA. It includes the Regio locomotoria
mesencephalica (Mesencephalic locomotor region), first demonstrated in decerebrate cats by Shik ML and Orlovsky GN (1976 Neurophysiology of locomotor automatism. Physiol Rev 56:465-501), and confirmed
in a human fMRI study (Jahn K, Deutschländer A, Stephan T, Kalla R, Wiesmann M, Strupp M, Brandt T 2008 Imaging human supraspinal locomotor centers in brainstem and cerebellum. Neuroimage 39:786-792).
The new term Formatio reticularis mesencephali is introduced in Olszewski and Baxter3 to replace the Rostral part of the Nucleus cuneiformis, the Nucleus intracuneiformis and the Nucleus subcuneiformis. As
synonym the term Central tegmental field of Berman AL (1968 The Brain Stem of the Cat: A cytoarchitectonic atlas with stereotaxic coordinates. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison) is added.
64 Nucleus raphes linearis. The Nucleus linearis inferior contains some serotonergic neurons, for which Nieuwenhuys et al. (2008) use the term Nucleus raphes linearis. The Nucleus linearis inferior or caudalis
is usually included within the VTA. The median, serotonergic part is described as Azygos part of CLi, the two paramedian corridors as Zygos part of CLi (Paxinos G, Huang X-F, Sengul G, Watson C 2012
Organization of brainstem nuclei. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System,3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 260-327). There is no evidence for a Nucleus linearis intermedius in humans, so this term
has been deleted.
65 Pars compacta substantiae nigrae. The Pars compacta may be further subdivided into two parts or tiers, each with subnuclei (Braak H, Braak E 1986 Nuclear configuration and neuronal types of the nucleus
niger in the brain of the human adult. Human Neurobiol 5:71-82; van Domburg PHMF, ten Donkelaar HJ 1991 The human substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 121:1-130); here,
the subdivision by Halliday G, Reyes S, Double K (2012 Substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral fields. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp
439-455) is used. The various subnuclei partly correspond to the subdivision into Nigrosomes and Matrix (Damier P, Hirsch EC, Agid Y, Graybiel AM 1999 The substantia nigra of the human brain. I. Nigrosomes
and the nigral matrix, a compartmental organization based on calbindin D28k immunohistochemistry. Brain 122:1421-1436).
66 Nuclei tegmentales ventrales. The Nuclei tegmentales ventrales include the following individual nuclei: the Nucleus linearis caudalis, the Nucleus linearis rostralis, the Nucleus paranigralis, the Nucleus
interfascicularis, the Nucleus parabrachialis pigmentosus and the Nucleus parapeduncularis (Halliday G, Reyes S, Double K 2012 Substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral fields. In: Mai Jk, Paxinos
G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 439-455).
67 Colliculus inferior. The Nucleus externus is a laminar structure; in Amunts K, Morosan P, Hilbig H, Zilles K (2012 Auditory system. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 1270-1300) described as External cortex of Inferior colliculus (ECIC) to replace the TA term Nucleus lateralis. In TH, the Nucleus pericentralis is described as Dorsal cortex with Layers I-IV,
based on: Geniec P, Morest DK (1971) The neuronal architecture of the human posterior colliculus; Acta Oto-Laryngol 295:(Suppl):1-33; supported by immunohistochemical data in rhesus monkeys by Amunts et al.
(2012; their Dorsal cortex of inferior colliculus).

68 Vinvingulum lingulae. Not in TA, and added. Not distinguished by Larsell O, Jansen J (1972 The Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cerebellum. The human cerebellum, cerebellar connections, and
cerebellar cortex. University of Minneapolis, MN) and Schmahmann et al. (1999 Neuroimage 10:233-260), but by Voogd J, Ruigrok TJH (2012 Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The
Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 471-545). First described as 'Zungenband' by Stilling (1864) and as Vinculum linguae by Henle (1879).
69 Tonsilla cerebelli. Recent data suggest that the Tonsilla is comparable to the Dorsal paraflocculus, and the Paraflocculus accessorius to the Ventral paraflocculus (see Voogd and Ruigrok 2012). The
Paraflocculus accessorius forms part of Lobule HIX.
70 Neuron golgiense magnum. The use of 'stellatum' for the Golgi cells is unfortunate, given the presence of other Stellate cells in the Molecular layer. As Latin term Neuron golgiense and as English term Golgi
cell were accepted at the FIPAT Meeting in Istanbul, 2015.
71 Diencephalon. The Diencephalon in its classic, columnar view was divided into four dorsoventrally arranged columns separated by ventricular sulci: the Epithalamus, the Dorsal thalamus, the Ventral thalamus
and the Hypothalamus. Extensive embryological studies made it clear that the thalamic 'columns' are derived from transversely oriented zones, the Prosomeres (see TE). Currently, the (Caudal) Diencephalon is
subdivided into three segmental units, which from caudal to rostral, contain in their alar domains the Pretectum (prosomere 1 or P1), the Epithalamus and the Thalamus (P2) and the Ventral thalamus or
Prethalamus (P3). The diencephalic basal plate contains the rostral part of the Substantia nigra-VTA complex and some other nuclei, collectively forming the Diencephalic or Prerubral tegmentum between the
Mesencephalon and the Hypothalamus. The entire Hypothalamus or Rostral diencephalon arises from the alar and basal components of the secondary prosencephalon. The Preoptic area is one of the subpallial
developmental domains (Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C 2013 A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci 36:570-578).
72 Nucleus commissurae posterioris. Replaced from Mesencephalon; for the subdivision of this nucleus, Principal and Magnocellular parts are adopted, following Olszewski and Baxter3. The Ventral division is
renamed as Nucleus ellipticus (coming from Cetacea and Proboscidea) or Nucleus of Darkschewitsch, not part of the Nucleus of the posterior commissure.
73 Tegmentum prerubrale. The basal parts of the prosomeres P1-P3 form several nuclei, previously included in the Mesencephalon (see General footnote). The rostral parts of the Substantia nigra/VTA-complex
also derive from P1-P3. The term Tegmentum prerubrale is preferred as topographic term over Tegmentum diencephali.
74 Nucleus interstitialis rostralis fasciculi longitudinalis medialis. New term, described by Horn, AKE, Büttner-Ennever, JA (1998 Premotor neurons for vertical eye-movements in the rostral mesencephalon of
monkey and man: The histological identification by parvalbumin immunostaining. J Comp Neurol 392:413-427) as a premotor nucleus for vertical eye movements.
75 Substantia grisea thalami. For the Thalamic nuclei, a new subdivision based on Hirai T, Jones EG (1989 A new parcellation of the human thalamus on the basis of histochemical staining. Brain Res Rev 14:1-34)
and updated by Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D (1997 Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus. J Comp Neurol 387:618-677) is used to replace the list of terms in TA (14.1.08.603-
14.1.08.658), largely a matter of a more practical grouping of nuclei. Their abbreviations areplaced under English synonyms. As Latin synonym the term Regio is adopted from Percheron G (2004 Thalamus. In:
Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 592-675). For the intralaminar nuclei, the subdivision of Mai JK, Forutan F (2012 Thalamus. In: Mai Jk, Paxinos G, eds: The
Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 618-677).
76 Nucleus ventromedialis posterior. The Nucleus ventromedialis posterior (Ventromedial posterior nucleus; VMpo) is a newly discovered nucleus involved in pain perception as part of the Ventromedial nucleus
(Blomqvist A, Zhang ET, Craig AD 2000 Cytoarchitectonic and immunohistochemical characterization of a specific pain and tempearature relay, the posterior portion of the ventral medial nucleus, in the human
thalamus. Brain 123:601-619).
77 Substantia grisea hypothalami. The Subdivision of the Hypothalamic nuclei is rearranged into three Hypothalamic areas: Anterior (Chiasmatic), Middle (Tuberal) and Posterior (Mamillary). The Dorsal
hypothalamic area forms part of the Lateral hypothalamic area. The LHA is incorporated into the three Hypothalamic areas.

78 Commissurae supraopticae. New heading for Supra-optic commissures. In older textbooks, three such commissures were distinguished: Ganser (suprema), Meynert (dorsalis) and Gudden (ventralis). More
commonly, the eponyms Ganser and Meynert are used for the Dorsal commissure.
79 Nucleus preopticus ventrolateralis. The Nucleus preopticus ventrolateralis is a recently discovered Preoptic nucleus, a sleep-promoting nucleus (Saper CB, Chou TC, Scammell TE 2001 The sleep switch:
Hypothalamic control of sleep and wakefulness. Trends Neurosci 24:726-731).
80 Facies superolateralis hemispherii cerebri. Classic numbering convention (F1-F3, O1-O6, P1, P 2, T1-T5), functional subdivision and Brodmann areas (BA) are placed under English synonyms.
81 Sulcus frontomarginalis. The Sulcus frontomarginalis (Frontomarginal sulcus of Wernicke) is an important landmark in the frontal polar region (Duvernoy HM 1992 Le cerveau humain. Springer, Paris; Tamraz
JC, Comair YG 2006 Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York), and used as such in the DTI literature (Catani M, Thiebaut de Schotten M 2012 Atlas of Human Brain
Connections. Oxford University Press, Oxford).
82 Polus frontalis. For the Polus frontalis (Frontal pole) and its subdivision, see Petrides M, Pandya DN (2012 The frontal lobe. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp 988-1011; Bludau S, Eickhoff SB, Mohlberg H, et al. (2014) Cytoarchitecture, probability maps and functions of the human frontal pole. Neuroimage 93:260-275.
83 Pars triangularis. For subdivision of Broca's area, see Amunts K, Schleicher A, Bürgel U, et al. 1999 Broca's region revisited: Cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability. J Comp Neurol 412:319-341). The
Sulcus diagonalis (of Eberstaller) is a variable branch from the Sulcus lateralis, dividing the Pars opercularis into two triangular parts.
84 Cortex premotorius. The various Motor areas of the Frontal lobe are known as F1-F7 in monkey brains (see Geyer G, Luppino L, Rozzi G 2012 Motor cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous
System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1012-1035): F1 is the Primary motor cortex, F2 the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius dorsalis, F3, the the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius medialis (SMA proper),
F4 the Caudal part of the Cortex premotorius ventralis, F5 the Rostral part of the Cortex premotorius ventralis, F6 the Rostral part of the Cortex premotorius medialis (Pre-SMA), and F7 the Rostral part of the Cortex
premotorius dorsalis.
85 Gyrus subcentralis. Usually, the Sulcus centralis does not reach the Sulcus lateralis and is separated from it by a short gyrus, the Gyrus subcentralis, which is formed by the 'fusion' of the Precentral and
Postcentral gyri in their ventralmost parts. The Subcentral gyrus is delimited in front and behind by the Anterior and Posterior subcentral sulci (Dejerine 1895; Duvernoy 1992; Petrides and Pandya 2012). Also
known as: Central or Rolandic operculum, and Inferior frontoparietal 'pli de passage'.
86 Lobulus parietalis superior. The Lobulus parietalis superior (Superior parietal lobule or SPL) can be divided into a Preparietal area (BA5 with subdivisions) and a Superior parietal area (BA7 with subdivisions;
see Scheperjans F, Eickhoff SB, Mohlberg H, et al. 2008 Probabilistic maps, cytoarchitectonic morphometry, and variability of areas in human superior parietal cortex. Cereb Cortex 18:2141-2157).
87 Sulcus intraparietalis. In monkeys, the Intraparietal sulcus contains numerous intraparietal areas (AIP, LIP, MIP, PIP and VIP), area PEip and area V6A (Rizzolatti G, Luppino G, Matelli M 1998 The organization
of the cortical motor system: New concepts. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 106:283-296). In the human brain, at least AIP and VIP areas have been identified (Seitz RJ, Binkofski F 2003 Modular
organization of parietal lobe functions as revealed by functional activation studies. Adv Neurol 93:281-292).
88 Sulcus intermedius primus. The Sulcus intermedius primus (First intermediate sulcus of Jensen) may subdivide the Lobulus parietalis inferior into the Gyrus supramarginalis and the Gyrus angularis (Duvernoy
1992; Tamraz and Comair 2006). The Sulcus intermedius secundus (Second intermediate sulcus of Eberstaller) is found posterior to Jensen's sulcus.
89 Sulcus parietalis transversus. The Lobulus parietalis superior may be divided into an anterior and a posterior portion by the Sulcus parietalis transversus (Transverse parietal sulcus of Brissaud), originating on
the medial side and extending to the lateral side of the hemisphere (see Tamraz and Comair 2006).

90 Lobulus parietalis inferior. The Angular and supramarginal gyri form with the Parietal operculum the Lobulus parietalis inferior (Inferior parietal lobule or IPL). The Gyrus angularis (Angular gyrus; BA39) can be
further subdivided (see Caspers S, Amunts K, Zilles K 2012 Posterior parietal cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1036-1035). The Operculum
parietale (Parietal operculum) contains four cytoarchitectonic, functionally defined areas OP1-4 (see Eickhoff S, Schleicher A, Zilles K, Amunts K 2006a The human parietal operculum. I. Cytoarchitectonic mapping
of subdivisions. Cereb Cortex 16:254-267; Eickhoff S, Amunts K, Mohlberg H, Zilles K 2006b Stereotaxic maps and correlation with functional imaginig results. Cereb Cortex 16:268-279). The Gyrus
supramarginalis (Supramarginal gyrus; BA40) can be further subdivided (see Caspers et al. 2012).
91 Gyrus temporalis superior. The Gyrus temporalis superior (Superior temporal gyrus; BA22) is not a homogeneous cortical area; it contains various cytoarchitectonically and functionally distinct cortical areas.
Its Pars anterior (Anterior part or Belt area) forms the Secondary auditory cortex (BA42 or A2; see Morosan P, Rademacher J, Schleicher A, et al. 2001 Human primary auditory cortex: Cytoarchitecture,
subdivisions and mapping into a spatial reference system. Neuroimage 13:684-701; Zilles and Amunts 2012). Its Pars posterior (Posterior part or Wernicke's area) is a loosely defined region which comprises the
Posterior part of BA22 but also parts of the Inferior parietal lobule.
92 Planum temporale. The Dorsal part of the Gyrus temporalis superior contains three Sulci temporales transversi (Transverse temporal sulci): the Planum polare (Polar plane) is separated from the Transverse
temporal gyri of Heschl by the Sulcus temporalis transversus anterior (Anterior transverse temporal sulcus), the Gyri temporales transversi (Transverse temporal gyri) are subdivided by the Sulcus temporalis
transversus intermedius (Intermediate transverse temporal sulcus), and the Planum temporale (Temporal plane) is separated from the Posterior transverse temporal gyrus by the Sulcus temporalis transversus
posterior (Posterior transverse temporal sulcus or Heschl's sulcus; see Duvernoy 1992).
93 Gyri orbitales. The following Gyri orbitales can be distinguished: 1) the Gyrus olfactorius medialis, the gyrus between the olfactory sulcus and the medial orbital sulcus; 2) the Gyrus olfactorius anterior, the
cortex rostral to the transverse orbital sulcus; 3) the Gyrus orbitalis posterior, the cortex audal to the transverse orbital sulcus; and 4) the Gyrus orbitalis lateralis, the gyrus lateral to the lateral orbital sulcus.
94 Sulci orbitales. Lateral to the Sulcus olfactorius, there are two longitudinally directed sulci, the Sulcus orbitalis medialis (Medial orbital sulcus) and the Sulcus orbitalis lateralis (Lateral orbital sulcus) which
are joined together by the Sulcus orbitalis transversus (Transverse orbital sulcus) to form the impression of an H or a K pattern (Duvernoy 1992; Petrides and Pandya 2012).
95 Regio retrobulbaris. The term Nucleus olfactorius anterior of TA is mostly cortical and is replaced by the more appropriate term Regio retrobulbaris (see Zilles and Amunts 2012). The two- or three-layered
structure recognizable in lower primates is hardly visible in the human brain.
96 Cortex piriformis. The two 'Olfactory gyri' in TA suggested their presence as clearly identifiable structures; this is not true. These terms remained from the classic description of the Rhinencephalon (see Gastaut
H, Lammers HJ 1961 Anatomie du rhinencéphale. Masson, Paris) and have been deleted. The Cortex piriformis or Cortex olfactorius primarius is the real Olfactory cortex, and can be divided into Frontal and
Temporal parts (Allison AC 1954 The secondary olfactory areas in the human brain. J Anat (Lond) 88:481-488; Heimer L, de Olmos J, Alheid GF, et al. 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 2. Handb Chem
Neuroanat 15:57-226).
97 Gyrus temporalis inferior. For the Inferomedial aspect of the Temporal lobe, usually the terms Gyrus temporalis inferior (T3), Gyrus fusiformis (T4) and Gyrus parahippocampalis (T5) are used, separated by the
Occipitotemporal and the Collateral sulci.
98 Cortex ectorhinalis. The Cortex ectorhinalis (BA36) is often included as part of the Perirhinal cortex (Ding S-L, Van Hoesen GW 2010 Borders, extent, and topography of human perirhinal cortex as revealed
using multiple modern neuroanatomical and pathological markers. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1359-1379) but lies on the other side of the Collateral sulcus.
99 Gyrus cinguli. The Gyrus cinguli (Cingulate gyrus) can at least be divided into an Anterior, a Posterior and a Retrosplenial part. Vogt BA, Palomero-Gallagher N (2012 Cingulate cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G,
eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 943-987) added a Midcingulate cortex.

100 Cortex entorhinalis. The Cortex entorhinalis (Entorhinal cortex) is not included in TA; for description, see Braak H, Braak E (1992 The human entorhinal cortex: Normal morphology and lamina-specific
pathology in various diseases. Neurosci Res 15:6-31. The Substantia reticularis alba (White reticular substance of Arnold) is the white matter surrounding the darker patches of Layer 2 cell islands. The Verrucae
hippocampi (Hippocampal warts) are located above these cell islands and described by Retzius G (1896 Das Menschenhirn: Studien in der makroskopischen Morphologie. Norstedt, Stockholm) and Klingler J
(1948 Die makroskopische Anatomie der Ammonsformation. Denkschr Schweiz Naturforsch Ges, Vol 78, Fretz, Zürich). They mark the surface of the Entorhinal cortex.
101 Cortex perirhinalis. The Cortex perirhinalis (Perirhinal cortex) is also not included in TA; for description, see Augustinack JC, Huber KE, Stevens AA, et al. (2013 Predicting the location of human perirhinal
cortex, Brodmann's area 35, from MRI. Neuroimage 64:32-42).
102 Uncus. The Uncus is treated in various ways: 1) as the rostral part of the Parahippocampal gyrus; 2) as a structure on its own. TNA suggests the latter. Insausti R and Amaral DG (2012 Hippocampal formation.
In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 896-942) advocated to restrict the term Uncus to the Gyrus uncinatus, the Band or limbus of Giacomini and the Gyrus
intralimbicus (or Uncal apex). The Sulcus semianularis (Semi-anular sulcus) separates the Ambient and Semilunar gyri (see Duvernoy HM 1992, 1998 The Human Hippocampus, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin-
Heidelberg-New York). The Gyrus uncinatus is the most rostral part of Uncal bulge, according to Insausti and Amaral (2012) and part of field CA1. The Limbus fasciae dentatae (Band of dentate gyrus) is the
Middle part of the Uncus, first described by Giacomini CH (1884 Fascia dentata du grand hippocampe dans le cerveau de l'homme. Arch Ital Biol 5:1-16, 205-209, 396-417) and part of the Dentate gyrus. The Gyrus
intralimbicus (Intralimbic gyrus or Uncal apex) is the most caudal part of the Uncal bulge and part of field CA3.
103 Sulcus intrarhinalis. The Sulcus intrarhinalis (Intrarhinal sulcus) is found between the Ambient gyrus and the Entorhinal cortex (see Duvernoy 1992; Insausti and Amaral 2012).
104 Formatio hippocampi. In the French literature, for the Inner ring of the Limbic lobe the term Gyrus intralimbicus is used. In the German literature, however, this term is used for the Uncal apex.
105 Dentes subiculi. The Dentes subiculi (Gyri of Andreas Retzius) were described by Retzius (1896) for the Caudal part of CA1 at the Hippocampal tail; the term Gyri subspleniales (Subsplenial gyri) indicate
their position. Deep to the Gyri andreae retzii, two obliquely oriented small gyri are found (Duvernoy 1998; Insausti and Amaral 2012): 1) a medial gyrus: the Fasciola cinerea, which forms the visible part of the
Dentate gyrus as descibed by Giacomini (1884) and Klingler (1948); and 2) a lateral gyrus: Gyrus fasciolaris (Fasciolar gyrus), corresponding to the caudal end of the CA3 field.
106 Pallium. The Pallium has four components of which the Pallium dorsale gives rise to the Isocortex (Neocortex), the Pallium laterale to the Claustro-insular complex, the Pallium mediale to the Formatio
hippocampi, and the Pallium ventrale to the Olfactory cortex and the Pallial amygdala (see TE, Section Neuroembryology).
107 Allocortex. The Allocortex includes the Paleocortex and the Archicortex (Filimonoff IN 1947 A rational subdivision of the cerebral cortex. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 58:296-311; Stephan H 1975 Allocortex. In:
Bargmann W (ed) Handbuch der mikroskopischen Anatomie des Menschen, Vol 4: Nervensystem, Band 9. Springer).
108 Archicortex. The Archicortex includes the Hippocampus (Ammon's horn, Dentate gyrus and Subiculum), Presubiculum, Parasubiculum, Entorhinal cortex, Retrosplenial cortex and a cortical band in the
Cingulate gyrus (Stephan 1975; Zilles K, Amunts K 2012 Architecture of the cerebral cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 836-895).
109 Paleocortex. The Paleocortex includes the Olfactory bulb, Retrobulbar region ('Anterior olfactory nucleus'), Olfactory tubercle, Septal and Piriform (BA51) regions and a minor part of the Amygdala (Stephan
1975; Zilles and Amunts 2012).
110 Isocortex granularis. Functional subdivision of the Isocortex as described by Mesulam M-M (1985 Patterns in behavioral neuroanatomy. In: Mesulam M-M, ed: Principles of Behavioral Neurology. Davis,
Philadelphia, PN, pp 1-70). The Granular isocortex ranges from Hypergranular through Granular to Dysgranular.

111 Mesocortex. The Mesocortex (Rose M 1927 Der Allocortex bei Tier und Mensch. I. Teil. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 34:1-11) comprises the Proisocortex, a transition area between the Isocortex and the Allocortex,
and the Periallocortex, the adjoining part of the Allocortex (Filimonoff 1947); also known as Paralimbic cortex (Mesulam 1985). The Periallocortex can further be subdivided into the Peripaleocortex (Claustrum) and
the Periarchicortex (Entorhinal, Presubicular and Retrosplenial cortices and part of the Cingulate gyrus; Filimonoff 1947; Zilles and Amunts 2012).
112 Typi neurales isocorticis. Here, the Isocortical neurons are added, in part following and modifying TH terms. They are subdivided into Pyramidal neurons (Projection, Commissural nand Association eurons) and
Excitatory and Inhibitory interneurons. In general, Small pyramidal neurons are found in Layer II and give rise to ipsilateral Corticocortical projections. Medium-sized pyramidal neurons are found in Layer III and give
rise to Commissural projections. The Large pyramidal neurons in Layer V give rise to the Corticofugal projections (Mountcastle VB 1998 The Cerebral Cortex. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).
113 Interneuron inhibitorium. Mainly GABAergic interneurons (see Markram H, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Wang Y, et al. 2004 Interneurons of the neocortical inhibitory system. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:793-807; Ascoli GA et
al. 2008 Petilla terminology: Nomenclature of features of GABAergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:557-568; DeFelipe J et al. 2013 New insights into the classification and nomenclature of
cortical GABAergic interneurons. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:202-216); the current subdivision is based on preferred postsynaptic region.
114 Complexus claustroinsularis. The Pallium laterale gives rise to the Claustro-insular complex (see Puelles L 2014 Development and evolution of the claustrum. In: Smythies JR, Edelstein LR, Ramachandran
VS, eds: The Claustrum, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 119-176).
115 Claustrum. Traditionally, the Claustrum is divided into a Dorsal (Insular) claustrum, connected with the Isocortex, and a Ventral (Piriform) claustrum or Endopiriform nucleus, connected with the Allocortex (see
Druga R 2014 The structure and connections of the claustrum. In: Smythies JR, Edelstein LR, Ramachandran VS, eds: The Claustrum, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 29-84).
116 Insula. The Insula is composed of three Belt regions (see Mesulam M-M and Mufson EJ (1985 The insula of Reil in man and monkey. Architectonics, connectivity and function. In: Peters A, Jones EG, eds,
Cerebral Cortex, Vol 4, Plenum Press, New York, pp 179-226): 1) The Cortex insularis agranularis (Agranular insular cortex, where Layers II and IV are lacking) in the Anterior insula is characterized by a
Superficial pyramidal layer and an Inner cell layer, continuous with the Pyramidal layer of the Piriform cortex. Here, the recently rediscovered von Economo neurons (VENs) are found (see Allman JM, Tetreault
NA, Hakeem AY, et al. 2011 The von Economo neurons in fronto-insular and anterior cingulate cortex. Ann NY Acad Sci 1225:59-71). 2) The Cortex insularis dysgranularis (Dysgranular insular cortex), a
Proisocortical region characterized by the presence of an inconspicuous Inner granular layer IV. Layers V and VI are also not as clearly separated from each other as in true isocortex. 3) The Cortex insularis
granularis (Granular insular cortex), a posterior granular region with clearly visible Inner (layer IV) and Outer (layer II) granular layers (True isocortex; see also Zilles and Amunts 2012).
117 Allocortex. Rose's (Rose M 1926 Über das histogenetische Prinzip der Einteilung der Groβhirnrinde. J Physiol Neurol (Lpz) 32:97-160) subdivision into Semicortex, Totocortex (Schizocortex, Holocortex) as in
TH, is not in use anymore, and is deleted. The same holds for the general classification of Allocortex neurons (H4.8.32.001/010). Cell types are added to the various allocortical components.
118 Neuron juxtaglomerulare. There are many types of Short-axon cells described by among others Blanes, Cajal (Vertical cell), Golgi and Van Gehuchten (Mori K 1987) Membrane and synaptic properties of
identified neurons in the olfactory bulb. Prog Neurobiol 29:275-430; Shepherd GM, Chen WR, Greer CA 2004 Olfactory bulb. In: Shepherd GM, ed: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed. Oxford Uniersity
Press, New York, pp 165-216). As in TH, these cells are not included.
119 Tuberculum olfactorium. For the Tuberculum olfactorium (Olfactory tubercle) the TH terms H4.8.03.136/139 are not included. Brockhaus H (1942 Zur feineren Anatomie des Septum und des Striatum. J
Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 51:1-56), and Zilles and Amunts (2012) concluded: The three-layered pattern of other mammals is completely obscured in the human brain, and its striatal tissue is largely superficially located.
The Tuberculum olfactorium largely belongs to the Ventral striatum.
120 Cortex piriformis. The Cortex piriformis (Piriform cortex) shows a three-layered structure: 1) the Stratum moleculare (Molecular layer); 2) the Stratum densocellulare (Densocellular layer), which may be
further subdivided into IIa with Semilunar cells, and IIb with Superficial pyramidal cells; both cell types form the Principal neurons; and 3) the Stratum multiforme (Multiform layer) which contains Deep pyramidal
cells, and various types of Inhibitory, GABAergic interneurons: Large and Small multipolar, Small bipolar/Bitufted and Large horizontal cells (Neville KR, Haberly LB 2004 Olfactory cortex. In: Shepherd GM, ed: The
Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 415-454).

121 Regio periamygdaloidea. In the Regio periamygdaloidea (Periamygdaloid region) according to Brockhaus H (1940 Zur normalen und pathologischen Anatomie des Mandelkerngebietes. J Psychol Neurol
(Lpz) 49:1-136) and Stephan (1975) only two layers can be distinguished.
122 Regiones hippocampi proprii. Field CA4 appears to correspond most closely to the polymorph zone of the Dentate gyrus, and, therefore, is not a field of the Hippocampus at all. Amaral and Insausti (Amaral
DG, Insausti R 1990 Hippocampal formation. In: Paxinos G, ed: The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 711-755) suggested the term 'CA3h' for the pyramidal cells within the hilus ('h'),
continuous with CA3.
123 Interneura hippocampi. The classic Golgi studies by Cajal (Ramón y Cajal S 1909-1911 Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertébrés. Maloine, Paris) and Lorente de Nó R (1934 Studies on the
structure of the cerebral cortex. II. Continuation of the study of the ammonic system. J Psychol Neurol (Lpz) 46:113-177) showed the presence of some 20 different types of interneurons in the Hippocampus. Most
of them have been immunohistochemically defined (see Freund TF, Buzsaki G 1996 Interneurons of the hippocampus. Hippocampus 6:347-470; Somogyi P 2010 Hippocampus: Intrinsic organization. In: Shepherd
GM, Grillner S, eds: Handbook of Brain Microcircuitry. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 148-164). Some 28 types of GABAergic interneurons can be distinguished (Somogyi 2010), basically: Basket neurons,
Bistratified neurons, and Chandelier neurons.
124 Collaterales axonales hilares hippocampi. The Via endofolialis (Endfolial pathway) is composed of Hilar Schaffer collaterals from CA3h (see Lim C, Mufson EJ, Kordower JH, et al. 1997 Connections of the
hippocampal formation in humans. II. The endfolial pathway. J Comp Neurol 385:352-371).
125 Commissura hippocampi. The old term Psalterium has been added; much in use by clinicians; for a study on the cells of origin of commissural connections of the monkey hippocampal formation, see Amaral
DG, Insausti R, Cowan WM (1984) The commissural connections of the monkey hippocampal formation. J Comp Neurol 224:307-336.
126 Presubiculum. TH subdivision into six layers (H4.8.03.115/121) suggested a well-divided structure. Insausti and Amaral (2012) emphasized that the laminar organization of the Presubiculum is complex and
only poorly understood. They described a single, superficially located cellular layer made up of External and Internal principal layers. Their subdivision is followed here.
127 Cortex entorhinalis. In the Cortex entorhinalis (Entorhinal cortex), Insausti et al. (Insausti R, Tuñón T, Sobreviela T, et al. 1995 The human entorhinal cortex: A cytoarchitectonic analysis. J Comp Neurol
355:171-198) distinguished 8 subfields (EO, ER, ELR, EMI, EI, ELC, EC and ECL). For the layers of the Entorhinal cortex, the subdivision by Insausti and Amaral (2012) into six Laminae is advocated. To avoid
confusion with isocortical layers, here, arabic numerals are used as in the literature. TH Latin and English terms (H4.8.03.104/114) are added. For Layers 2 and 3, the general term External principal layer is
advocated, for Layer 5 Internal principal layer, following Braak H, Braak E (1992 The human entorhinal cortex: Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in various diseases. Neurosci Res 15:6-31). Layer 2
is made up of islands of relatively large and darkly stained modified pyramidal and stellate cells (Braak and Braak 1992: Pre-α). Layer 3 corresponds to layers Pre-β and Pre-γ of Braak and Braak (1992). The layers
Pre-α, Pre-β and Pre-γ form their External principal layer. Layer 5 corresponds to the Internal principal layer with sublayers Pri-α, Pri-β and Pri-γ of Braak and Braak (1992).
128 Cortex perirhinalis. The Cortex perirhinalis (Perirhinal cortex; BA35) and the Transentorhinal subregion of Braak and Braak (1992) are somewhat synonymous terms (Augustinack JC, Huber KE, Stevens AA,
et al. 2013 Predicting the location of human perirhinal cortex, Brodmann's area 35, from MRI. Neuroimage 64:32-42). In other studies (Ding S-L, Van Hoesen GW 2010 Borders, extent, and topography of human
perirhinal cortex as revealed using multiple modern neuroanatomical and pathological markers. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1359-1379), BA 36 is included within the Perirhinal cortex. This is unfortunate since BA35 is
periarchicortex but BA36 (Ectorhinal cortex) is truly isocortex. The Layers of BA35 are comparable to those of the adjacent Entorhinal cortex.
129 Cortex retrosplenialis. The complex Cortex retrosplenialis (Retrosplenial cortex) consists of Periarchicortical (BA26) and Proisocortical (BA29, 30) areas (Braak H 1980 Architectonics of the Human
Telencephalic Cortex. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York; Zilles and Amunts 2012). The TH nomenclature (H4.8.03.122/129) seems to combine these different structures. The Cortex ectosplenialis
(Ectosplenial cortex; BA26) has a primitive three-laminar pattern with Molecular, Densocellular and Multiform layers. The Cortex retrosplenialis granularis (Granular retrosplenial cortex; BA29) shows a four-
layered structure: Molecular, External and Internal pyramidal and Multiform layers. The Cortex retrosplenialis dysgranularis (Dysgranular retrosplenial cortex; BA 30) shows a further progression of laminar
differentiation with an additional (Internal) granular layer.

130 Cortex cingularis. For further subdivision of the Cortex cingularis (Cingulate cortex) with Layers, see Vogt BA, Palomero-Gallager N (2012) Cingulate cortex. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous
System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 934-987.
131 Centrum semiovale. This term, introduced in 1684 by Vieussens as 'Centrum ovale' to indicate the oval shape of the Cerebral white matter, continuous with the Internal capsule, was later changed into
Centrum semiovale by Flatau E (1894 Atlas des menschlichen Gehirns und des Faserverlaufes. Karger, Berlin) and others. In the clinical literature, this term is common usage. It was included by His and
colleagues in the BNA.
132 Pars retrolentiformis. The Pars retrolentiformis of the Internal capsule should be treated as a separate component, not as part of the Posterior limb; Crus retrolentiforme suggested as synonym.
133 Pars sublentiformis. The Pars sublentiformis also forms a separate component of the Internal capsule; Crus sublentiforme suggested as synonym.
134 Fibrae associationis breves. The Fibrae U-figuratae (U-shaped fibres) were first described by Meynert (1872), and replaced the term Fibrae arcuatae cerebri (Arnold 1838) that became obsolete.
135 Fasciculus arcuatus. The Fasciculus arcuatus (Arcuate fascicle) was long considered to be similar to or part of the Superior longitudinal fascicle. More recent research (Catani M, Jones DK, ffytche DH 2005
Perisylvian language pathways. Ann Neurol 57:8-16) identified the Arcuate fascicle as a distinct entity with three components.
136 Capsula extrema. The Capsula extrema (Extreme capsule) forms one of the Long association systems involved in language processing (see Catani M, Thiebaut de Schotten M 2012 Atlas of Human Brain
Connections. Oxford University Press, Oxford).
137 Fasciculus longitudinalis superior. The Fasciculus longitudinalis superior (Superior longitudinal fasciculus) appears to be composed of three bundles (SLFI-III or Superior, Middle and Inferior; Makris N,
Kennedy DN, McInerney S, et al. 2005 Segmentation of subcomponents within the superior longitudinal fascicle in humans: A quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study. Cereb Cortex 15:854-869) as in monkeys
(Schmahmann JD, Pandya DN 2006 Fiber Pathways of the Brain. Oxford University Press, New York; Thiebaut de Schotten M, Dell'Acqua F, Valabreque R, Catani M 2012 Monkey to human comparative anatomy
of the frontal lobe association tracts. Cortex 48:82-96).
138 Fasciculus subcallosus. The Fasciculus subcallosus (Subcallosal fasciculus or Bundle of Muratoff; Muratoff W 1893 Secundäre Degenerationen nach Durchschneidung des Balkens. Neurol Centralbl 12:714-
729) forms a separate bundle of Corticostriatal fibres (see Schmahmann JD, Pandya DN 2007 The complex history of the fronto-occipital fasciculus. J Hist Med 16:362-377).
139 Fasciculus frontalis obliquus. The Fasciculus frontalis obliquus (Frontal aslant tract or Frontal oblique tract) connects the SMA and pre-SMA with the opercular part of the Inferior frontal gyrus (Catani M,
Dell'Acqua F, Vergani F, et al. 2012 Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain. Cortex 48:273-291).
140 Subpallium. The Subpallium develops from four Developmental domains (see Puelles L, Harrison M, Paxinos G, Watson C 2013 A developmental ontology for the mammalian brain based on the prosomeric
model. Trends Neurosci 36:570-578). Traditionally, the Preoptic area is discussed together with the Hypothalamus. The Amygdala arises from all four Subpallial domains as well as from the Pallium ventrale.
141 Corpus amygdaloideum. The Nuclei of the Corpus amygdaloideum (Amygdaloid body) are replaced into groups following de Olmos JS (2004 Amygdala. In Paxinos G, Mai JK, eds: The Human Nervous
System, 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 739-868) and Mai JK, Paxinos G, Voss T (2008 Atlas of the Human Brain, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam).
142 Nucleus striae terminalis. The Nucleus striae terminalis (Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) can be subdivided into various subnuclei, the best known are the Lateral and Medial divisions (see Heimer L, de
Olmos J, Alheid GF, et al. 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 1. Handb Chem Neuroanatomy 15:57-226; Sakamoto N, Pearson J, Shinoda K, Alheid GF 1999 The human basal forebrain, Part 1. Handb Chem
Neuroanat 15:1-55).

143 Amygdala olfactoria. De Olmos (de Olmos J 1990 Amygdala. In: Paxinos G, ed: The Human Nervous System. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp 583-710) introduced the term 'Olfactory amygdala' for the
'Superficial cortex-like amygdaloid region' (Yilmazer-Hanke DM 2012 Amygdala. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 759-834).
144 Pars basalis telencephali proprius. Under this Heading the structures presented in TA as Substantia basalis, Substantia innominata and Area septalis are grouped. Reichert's 'Substantia innominata' was for a
long time a 'terra incognita' of the Basal forebrain. The extensive studies by Heimer and colleagues (Heimer L, Harlan RE, Alheid GF, et al. 1997 Substantia innominata: A notion which impedes clinico-anatomical
correlations in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroscience 76:957-1006; Heimer et al. 1999; Sakamoto et al. 1999) make the term SI more or less superfluous.
145 Nucleus caudatus. The Striatum and Putamen consist of AChE-poor Striosomes within an AChE-rich matrix (Graybiel AM, Ragsdale CW Jr 1978 Histochemically distinct compartments in the striatum of
human, monkey and cat demonstrated by acetylthiocholinesterase staining. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:5723-5726; Graybiel AM 1990 Neurotransmitters and modulators in the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci
13:244-254).
146 Fundus striati. The term Fundus striati points to the ventral parts of the Caudate nucleus and Putamen, that with the Nucleus accumbens and the Olfactory tubercle form the Ventral Striatum.
147 Striatum. For Golgi studies see Braak H, Braak E (1982 Neuronal types in the striatum of man. Cell Tissue Res 227:319-342), and Graveland GA, Williams RS, DiFiglia M (1985 A Golgi study of the human
neostriatum: Neurons and afferent fibers. J Comp Neurol 234:317-333); for immunohistochemical and physiological data see Bolam JP (2010 Microcircuits of the striatum. In: Shepherd GM, Grillner S, eds:
Handbook of Brain Microcircuits. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 109-119) and Haber SN, Adler A, Bergman H (2012 The basal ganglia. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds: The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 678-838).
148 Interneura striatalia. The large cholinergic neurons of the Striatum were originally described as Giant interneurons by Kölliker. Three types of GABAergic striatal interneurons can be distinguished, based on
size and the colocalization of Parvalbumin, Somatostatin/NPY and Calretinin (Bolam 2010; Haber et al. 2012).

FIPAT
TNA, Chapter II
Contents
Caput II: Systema nervosum periphericum Chapter 2: Peripheral nervous system

Nomina generalia General terms
Nervi craniales Cranial nerves
Nervi spinales Spinal nerves
Divisio autonomica Autonomic division


Caput II: SYSTEMA NERVOSUM PERIPHERICUM Chapter 2: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2644 Pars peripherica Systema nervosum Peripheral nervous Peripheral nervous
periphericum system system
2645 NOMINA GENERALIA GENERAL TERMS GENERAL TERMS
2646 Nervi Nerves Nerves
2647 Nervus Nerve Nerve
2648 Epineurium Epineurium Epineurium
2649 Epineurium superficiale Superficial epineurium Superficial epineurium
2650 Epineurium profundum Deep epineurium Deep epineurium
2651 Perineurium Perineurium Perineurium
2652 Pars epitheloidea Epitheloid part Epitheloid part
2653 Pars fibrosa Fibrous part Fibrous part
2654 Fasciculus nervi Fasciculus neurofibrarum Nerve fascicle Nerve fascicle Peripheral fibre bundle; Peripheral
pariphericanum fiber bundle
2655 Endoneurium Endoneurium Endoneurium
2656 Cellula implicans Ensheathing cell Ensheathing cell Endnote 149
2657 Neurofibrae periphericae Peripheral nerve fibres Peripheral nerve fibers
2658 Neurofibra myelinata Peripheral myelinated nerve Peripheral myelinated nerve
peripherica fibre fiber
2659 Neurofibra nonmyelinata Peripheral nonmyelinated Peripheral nonmyelinated
peripherica nerve fibre nerve fiber
2660 Neurofibra peripherica afferens Afferent peripheral nerve fibre Afferent peripheral nerve fiber
2661 Neurofibra peripherica efferens Efferent peripheral nerve fibre Efferent peripheral nerve fiber
2662 Neurofibra somatica Somatic nerve fibre Somatic nerve fiber
2663 Neurofibrae autonomicae Autonomic nerve fibres Autonomic nerve fibers
2664 Neurofibra preganglionica Preganglionic nerve fibre Preganglionic nerve fiber
2665 Neurofibra postganglionica Postganglionic nerve fibre Postganglionic nerve fiber
2666 Radices nervorum Nerve roots Nerve roots
2667 Radix nervi cranialis Cranial nerve root Cranial nerve root
2668 Radix nervi spinalis Spinal nerve root Spinal nerve root
2669 Radicula Rootlet Rootlet
2670 Zonae transitionis radicum Transitional zones of nerve roots Transitional zones of nerve roots CNS-PNS transitional zones. Zone of Obersteiner-Redlich
nervorum
2671 Zona transitionis radicis nervi Cranial nerve root transitional Cranial nerve root transitional
cranialis zone zone
2672 Zona ingressionis radicis Zona ingressionis radicis dorsalis; Posterior root entry zone Posterior root entry zone Dorsal root entry zone; Sensory
posterioris Zona ingressionis radicis sensoriae root entry zone
2673 Taenia connexionis radiculae Taenia connexionis radiculae Posterior rootlet attachment zone Posterior rootlet attachment zone Dorsal rootlet attachment zone;
posterioris dorsalis; Taenia connexionis Sensory rootlet attachment zone
radicis sensoriae
2674 Zona transitionis radicis Zona transitionis radicis ventralis; Anterior root transitional zone Anterior root transitional zone Ventral root transitional zone;
anterioris Zona transitionis radicis motoriae Motor root transitional zone

2675 Nervus motorius Motor nerve Motor nerve
2676 Nervus sensorius Sensory nerve Sensory nerve
2677 Nervus mixtus Mixed nerve Mixed nerve
2678 Ramus cutaneus Cutaneous branch Cutaneous branch
2679 Ramus articularis Articular branch Articular branch
2680 Ramus muscularis Muscular branch Muscular branch
2681 Ramus autonomicus Autonomic branch Autonomic branch
2682 Nervus autonomicus Autonomic nerve Autonomic nerve
2683 Nervus cranialis Cranial nerve Cranial nerve
2684 Nervus spinalis Spinal nerve Spinal nerve
2685 Radiculae nervi spinalis Rootlets of spinal nerve Rootlets of spinal nerve
2686 Radicula anterior Radicula ventralis; Radicula Anterior rootlet Anterior rootlet Ventral rootlet; Motor rootlet
motoria
2687 Radicula posterior Radicula dorsalis; Radicula Posterior rootlet Posterior rootlet Dorsal rootlet; Sensory rootlet
sensoria
2688 Radices nervi spinalis Roots of spinal nerve Roots of spinal nerve
2689 Radix anterior Radix ventralis; Radix motoria Anterior root Anterior root Ventral root; Motor root
2690 Radix posterior Radix dorsalis; Radix sensoria Posterior root Posterior root Dorsal root; Sensory root
2691 Truncus nervi spinalis Spinal nerve trunk Spinal nerve trunk
2692 Rami nervi spinalis Branches of spinal nerve Branches of spinal nerve
2693 Ramus meningeus Ramus recurrens; Nervus Meningeal branch Meningeal branch Recurrent branch; Sinuvertebral Nerve of Luschka
sinuvertebralis nerve
2694 Ramus communicans Ramus communicans Ramus communicans
2695 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus
2696 Ramus posterior Ramus dorsalis Posterior ramus Posterior ramus Dorsal ramus
2697 Ganglia Ganglia Ganglia

2698 Ganglion Ganglion Ganglion
2699 Capsula ganglii Capsule of ganglion Capsule of ganglion
2700 Stroma ganglii Stroma of ganglion Stroma of ganglion
2701 Parenchyma ganglii Parenchyma of ganglion Parenchyma of ganglion
2702 Neuron ganglionare Ganglionic neuron Ganglionic neuron
2703 Gliocytus ganglionaris Satellite cell Satellite cell Satellite glial cell
2704 Ganglia craniospinalia sensoria Craniospinal sensory ganglia Craniospinal sensory ganglia
2705 Neuron sensorium Sensory neuron Sensory neuron
2707 Neuron pseudounipolare Pseudo-unipolar neuron Pseudounipolar neuron
2708 Neuron pseudounipolare Large pseudo-unipolar neuron Large pseudounipolar neuron
magnum
2709 Neuron pseudounipolare Small pseudo-unipolar neuron Small pseudounipolar neuron
parvum
2710 Ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis Spinal ganglion Spinal ganglion Dorsal root ganglion
2711 Ganglion sensorium nervi cranialis Cranial sensory ganglion Cranial sensory ganglion
2712 Ganglia autonomica Autonomic ganglia Autonomic ganglia
2713 Motoneuron autonomicum Peripheral autonomic motor Peripheral autonomic motor Peripheral autonomic motoneuron
ganglionare neuron neuron

2714 Motoneuron autonomicum Multipolar peripheral autonomic Multipolar peripheral autonomic Multipolar peripheral autonomic
ganglionare multipolare motor neuron motor neuron motoneuron
2715 Neuron parvum fluorescens Small intensely fluorescent cell Small intensely fluorescent cell SIF cell
2716 Ganglion sympathicum Sympathetic ganglion Sympathetic ganglion
2717 Ganglion parasympathicum Parasympathetic ganglion Parasympathetic ganglion
2718 Ganglion viscerale Visceral ganglion Visceral ganglion
2719 Plexus nervosi Nerve plexuses Nerve plexuses

2720 Plexus nervorum spinalium Spinal nerve plexus Spinal nerve plexus
2721 Plexus autonomicus Autonomic plexus Autonomic plexus
2722 Plexus visceralis Visceral plexus Visceral plexus
2723 Plexus perivascularis Perivascular plexus Perivascular plexus
2724 Plexus periarterialis Peri-arterial plexus Periarterial plexus
2725 Terminationes effectoriae Effector nerve endings Effector nerve endings

2726 Synapsis neuromuscularis Junctio neuromuscularis Neuromuscular synapse Neuromuscular synapse Neuromuscular junction; Motor end
plate
2727 Synapsis neuromuscularis fusi Junctio neuromuscularis fusi Neuromuscular junction of muscle Neuromuscular junction of muscle
muscularis muscularis spindle spindle
2728 Junctio neuroglandularis Terminatio neuroglandularis Neuroglandular ending Neuroglandular ending Neuroglandular junction
2729 Receptores sensorii Sensory receptors Sensory receptors

2730 Receptor sensorius cutaneus Cutaneous sensory receptor Cutaneous sensory receptor
2731 Receptor sensorius muscularis Muscular sensory receptor Muscular sensory receptor
2732 Receptor sensorius articularis Articular sensory receptor Articular sensory receptor
2733 Receptor sensorius visceralis Visceral sensory receptor Visceral sensory receptor
2734 Receptores sensorii Unencapsulated sensory Unencapsulated sensory Nonencapsulated sensory
noncapsulati receptors receptors receptors
2735 Terminatio neuralis libera Free nerve ending Free nerve ending Endnote 150
2736 Terminatio folliculi pili Hair follicle ending Hair follicle ending Endnote 151
2737 Complexus epithelialis tactus Epithelial tactile complex Epithelial tactile complex Merkel cell-neurite complex Endnote 152
2738 Epitheliocytus tactilis Sensory epithelial cell Sensory epithelial cell Merkel cell
2739 Meniscus tactilis Tactile meniscus Tactile meniscus
2740 Corpuscula sensoria capsulata Encapsulated sensory Encapsulated sensory Endnote 153
corpuscles corpuscles
2741 Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme Bulbous corpuscle Bulbous corpuscle Corpuscle of Ruffini;
Endnote 154
2742 Corpusculum ovoideum Corpusculum tactile Tactile corpuscle Tactile corpuscle Corpuscle of Meissner;
Endnote 155
2743 Schwannocytus cuneiformis Wedge-shaped Schwann cell Wedge-shaped Schwann cell Neurolemmocytus cuneiformis
(Wedge-shaped neurolemmocyte)
2744 Corpusculum lamellosum Lamellar corpuscle Lamellar corpuscle Corpuscle of Pacini; Corpuscle of
Vater-Pacini;
Endnote 156
2745 Capsula fibrosa Fibrous capsule Fibrous capsule
2746 Capsula perineuralis Perineural capsule Perineural capsule
2747 Schwannocytus capsularis Outer Schwann cell Outer Schwann cell Neurolemmocytus capsularis

(Outer lemmocyte)
2748 Schwannocytus lamellaris Inner Schwann cell Inner Schwann cell Neurolemmocytus lamellaris (Inner
lemmocyte)
2749 Spatium intermedium fissum Cleft intermediate space Cleft intermediate space
2750 Neurofibra centralis Central nerve fibre Central nerve fiber
2751 Organum sensorium tendinis Tendon organ Tendon organ Golgi tendon organ
2752 Fusus neuromuscularis Muscle spindle Muscle spindle
2753 Capsula Capsule Capsule
2754 Lamina interna Inner layer Inner layer
2755 Lamina externa Outer layer Outer layer
2756 Myofibra intrafusalis Intrafusal muscle fibre Intrafusal muscle fiber
2757 Myofibra sacculiformis Nuclear bag fibre Nuclear bag fiber
2758 Myofibra catenaformis Nuclear chain fibre Nuclear chain fiber
2759 Spatium periaxiale Peri-axial space Periaxial space
2760 Terminatio neuralis anulospiralis Terminatio primaria Anulospiral ending Anulospiral ending Primary ending
2761 Terminatio neuralis racemosa Terminatio secundaria Flower spray ending Flower spray ending Secondary ending
2762 Nervi craniales Cranial nerves Cranial nerves

2763 Nervus terminalis Nervus cranialis 0 Terminal nerve Terminal nerve Cranial nerve 0
2764 Ganglion terminale Terminal ganglion Terminal ganglion
2765 Nervus olfactorius Nervus cranialis I Olfactory nerve Olfactory nerve Cranial nerve I
2766 Fila olfactoria Olfactory nerves Olfactory nerves Olfactory fibre bundles; Olfactory
fiber bundles
2767 Filum olfactorium Olfactory fibre bundle Olfactory fiber bundle
2768 Nervus opticus Nervus cranialis II Optic nerve Optic nerve Cranial nerve II
2769 Nervus oculomotorius Nervus cranialis III Oculomotor nerve Oculomotor nerve Cranial nerve III
2770 Ramus superior Superior branch Superior branch
2771 Ramus inferior Inferior branch Inferior branch
2772 Ramus ganglionaris ciliaris Radix parasympathica ganglii Branch to ciliary ganglion Branch to ciliary ganglion Parasympathetic root of ciliary Radix oculomotoria ganglii ciliaris
ciliaris ganglion (Oculomotor root of ciliary
ganglion)
2773 Nervus trochlearis Nervus cranialis IV Trochlear nerve Trochlear nerve Cranial nerve IV
2774 Nervus trigeminus Nervus cranialis V Trigeminal nerve Trigeminal nerve Cranial nerve V
2775 Radices nervi trigemini Roots of trigeminal nerve Roots of trigeminal nerve
2776 Radix sensoria Sensory root Sensory root
2777 Ganglion trigeminale Trigeminal ganglion Trigeminal ganglion Semilunar ganglion. Ganglion of Gasser
2778 Radix motoria Motor root Motor root
2779 Nervus ophthalmicus Nervus cranialis V1 Ophthalmic nerve Ophthalmic nerve Cranial nerve V1; Ophthalmic
division
2780 Ramus tentorius Ramus meningeus recurrens Tentorial branch Tentorial branch Recurrent meningeal branch. Nerve of Arnold
2781 Nervus lacrimalis Lacrimal nerve Lacrimal nerve

2782 Nervus frontalis Frontal nerve Frontal nerve
2783 Nervus supraorbitalis Supra-orbital nerve Supraorbital nerve
2784 Ramus lateralis Lateral branch Lateral branch
2785 Ramus medialis Medial branch Medial branch
2786 Nervus supratrochlearis Supratrochlear nerve Supratrochlear nerve
2787 Nervus nasociliaris Nasociliary nerve Nasociliary nerve
2788 Ramus ganglionaris ciliaris Radix sensoria ganglii ciliaris Branch to ciliary ganglion Branch to ciliary ganglion Sensory root of ciliary ganglion Radix nasociliaris ganglii ciliaris
(Nasociliary root of ciliary ganglion)
2789 Nervi ciliares longi Long ciliary nerves Long ciliary nerves
2790 (Nervus ethmoidalis posterior) (Posterior ethmoidal nerve) (Posterior ethmoidal nerve)
2791 Nervus ethmoidalis anterior Anterior ethmoidal nerve Anterior ethmoidal nerve
2792 Rami nasales interni Internal nasal branches Internal nasal branches
2793 Rami nasales laterales Lateral nasal branches Lateral nasal branches
2794 Rami nasales mediales Medial nasal branches Medial nasal branches
2795 Ramus nasalis externus External nasal branch External nasal branch
2796 Ramus meningeus anterior Anterior meningeal branch Anterior meningeal branch
2797 Nervus infratrochlearis Infratrochlear nerve Infratrochlear nerve
2798 Rami palpebrales Palpebral branches Palpebral branches
2799 Nervus maxillaris Nervus cranialis V2 Maxillary nerve Maxillary nerve Cranial nerve V2; Maxillary division
2801 Rami ganglionares pterygopalatini Radices sensoriae ganglii Branches to pterygopalatine Branches to pterygopalatine Sensory roots of pterygopalatine
pterygopalatini ganglion ganglion ganglion
2802 Nervus zygomaticus Zygomatic nerve Zygomatic nerve
2803 Ramus zygomaticotemporalis Zygomaticotemporal branch Zygomaticotemporal branch
2804 Ramus communicans Communicating branch to Communicating branch to R. communicans nervi lacrimalis
lacrimalis lacrimal nerve lacrimal nerve cum nervo zygomatico
(Communicating branch of lacrimal
nerve with zygomatic nerve)
2805 Ramus zygomaticofacialis Zygomaticofacial branch Zygomaticofacial branch
2806 Nervi alveolares superiores Superior alveolar nerves Superior alveolar nerves
2807 Rami alveolares superiores Posterior superior alveolar Posterior superior alveolar
posteriores branches branches
2808 Ramus alveolaris superior Middle superior alveolar branch Middle superior alveolar branch
medius
2809 Rami alveolares superiores Anterior superior alveolar Anterior superior alveolar
anteriores branches branches
2810 Plexus dentalis superior Superior dental plexus Superior dental plexus
2811 Rami dentales superiores Superior dental branches Superior dental branches
2812 Rami gingivales superiores Superior gingival branches Superior gingival branches
2813 Nervus infraorbitalis Infra-orbital nerve Infraorbital nerve
2814 Rami palpebrales inferiores Inferior palpebral branches Inferior palpebral branches
2815 Rami nasales externi External nasal branches External nasal branches
2816 Rami nasales interni Internal nasal branches Internal nasal branches
2817 Rami labiales superiores Superior labial branches Superior labial branches
2818 Nervus mandibularis Nervus cranialis V3 Mandibular nerve Mandibular nerve Cranial nerve V3; Mandibular
division
2819 Ramus meningeus Ramus spinosus Meningeal branch Meningeal branch

2820 Rami ganglionares ganglii otici Radix sensoria ganglii otici Branches to otic ganglion Branches to otic ganglion
2821 Divisio anterior Anterior division Anterior division
2822 Nervus pterygoideus medialis Nerve to medial pterygoid Nerve to medial pterygoid
muscle muscle
2823 Nervus musculi tensoris veli Nerve to tensor veli palatini Nerve to tensor veli palatini
palatini muscle muscle
2824 Nervus musculi tensoris tympani Nerve to tensor tympani muscle Nerve to tensor tympani muscle
2825 Nervus massetericus Masseteric nerve Masseteric nerve
2826 Nervi temporales profundi Deep temporal nerves Deep temporal nerves
2827 Nervus pterygoideus lateralis Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle Nerve to lateral pterygoid muscle
2828 Nervus buccalis Buccal nerve Buccal nerve
2829 Divisio posterior Posterior division Posterior division .
2830 Nervus auriculotemporalis Auriculotemporal nerve Auriculotemporal nerve
2831 Nervus meatus acustici externi Nerve to external acoustic Nerve to external acoustic
meatus meatus
2832 Rami membranae tympani Branches to tympanic Branches to tympanic
membrane membrane
2833 Rami parotidei Parotid branches Parotid branches
2834 Nervi auriculares anteriores Anterior auricular nerves Anterior auricular nerves
2835 Rami temporales superficiales Superficial temporal branches Superficial temporal branches
2836 Nervus lingualis Lingual nerve Lingual nerve
2837 Rami isthmi faucium Branches to isthmus of fauces Branches to isthmus of fauces
2838 Nervus sublingualis Sublingual nerve Sublingual nerve
2839 Rami linguales Lingual branches Lingual branches
2840 Ramus ganglionaris Radix parasympathica ganglii Posterior branch to Posterior branch to Parasympathetic root of Radix sensoria ganglii
submandibularis posterior submandibularis submandibular ganglion submandibular ganglion submandibular ganglion submandibularis
2841 (Rami ganglionares (Radices ganglii sublinguales) (Branches to sublingual (Branches to sublingual (Roots of sublingual ganglion)
sublinguales) ganglion) ganglion)
2842 Nervus alveolaris inferior Inferior alveolar nerve Inferior alveolar nerve
2843 Nervus mylohyoideus Nerve to mylohyoid muscle Nerve to mylohyoid muscle
2844 Plexus dentalis inferior Inferior dental plexus Inferior dental plexus
2845 Rami dentales inferiores Inferior dental branches Inferior dental branches
2846 Rami gingivales inferiores Inferior gingival branches Inferior gingival branches
2847 Nervus mentalis Mental nerve Mental nerve
2848 Rami mentales Mental branches Mental branches
2849 Rami labiales inferiores Inferior labial branches Inferior labial branches
2850 Rami gingivales inferiores Inferior gingival branches Inferior gingival branches
2851 Nervus abducens Nervus cranialis VI Abducens nerve Abducens nerve Cranial nerve VI
2852 Nervus facialis Nervus cranialis VII Facial nerve Facial nerve Cranial nerve VII
2853 Radices nervi facialis Roots of facial nerve Roots of facial nerve
2854 Radix motoria Motor root Motor root
2855 Nervus intermedius Intermediate nerve Intermediate nerve Nerve of Wrisberg
2856 Ganglion geniculi Geniculate ganglion Geniculate ganglion
2857 Geniculum Genu Geniculum Geniculum Genu

2858 Rami intracraniales Intracranial branches Intracranial branches
2859 Nervus petrosus major Radix parasympathica ganglii Greater petrosal nerve Greater petrosal nerve Parasympathetic root of Radix intermedia ganglii
pterygopalatini pterygopalatine ganglion pterygopalatini
2860 Nervus canalis pterygoidei Nerve of pterygoid canal Nerve of pterygoid canal Nerve of Vidius
2861 Nervus stapedius Nerve to stapedius muscle Nerve to stapedius muscle
2862 Chorda tympani Chorda tympani Chorda tympani
2863 Nervus facialis proprius Facial nerve proper Facial nerve proper Endnote 157
2864 Nervus auricularis posterior Posterior auricular nerve Posterior auricular nerve
2865 Ramus occipitalis Occipital branch Occipital branch
2866 Ramus auricularis Auricular branch Auricular branch
2867 Ramus digastricus Digastric branch Digastric branch
2868 Ramus stylohyoideus Stylohyoid branch Stylohyoid branch
2869 Plexus intraparotideus Parotid plexus Parotid plexus
2870 Divisio superior Divisio temporofacialis Superior division Superior division Temporofacial division
2871 Rami temporales Temporal branches Temporal branches
2872 Rami zygomatici Zygomatic branches Zygomatic branches
2873 Divisio inferior Divisio cervicofacialis Inferior division Inferior division Cervicofacial division
2874 Rami buccales Buccal branches Buccal branches
2875 (Ramus lingualis) (Lingual branch) (Lingual branch) Branch of Cruveilhier
2876 Ramus marginalis Marginal mandibular branch Marginal mandibular branch
mandibularis
2877 Ramus cervicalis Ramus colli Cervical branch Cervical branch
2878 Nervus vestibulocochlearis Nervus cranialis VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve Cranial nerve VIII
2879 Nervus vestibularis Vestibular nerve Vestibular nerve
2880 Ganglion vestibulare Vestibular ganglion Vestibular ganglion Ganglion of Scarpa
2881 Ramus communicans cochlearis Ramus communicans Cochlear communicating branch Cochlear communicating branch Vestibulocochlear communicating Anastomosis of Oort
vestibulocochlearis; Anastomosis branch.
vestibulocochlearis
2882 Pars superior Nervus utriculoampullaris; Nervus Superior part Superior part Utriculo-ampullary nerve;
vestibularis superior Utriculoampullary nerve; Superior
vestibular nerve
2883 Nervus utricularis Utricular nerve Utricular nerve
2884 Nervus ampullaris anterior Anterior ampullary nerve Anterior ampullary nerve
2885 Nervus ampullaris lateralis Lateral ampullary nerve Lateral ampullary nerve
2886 Pars inferior Nervus vestibularis inferior Inferior part Inferior part Inferior vestibular nerve
2887 Nervus ampullaris posterior Nervus vestibularis posterior Posterior ampullary nerve Posterior ampullary nerve Posterior vestibular nerve
2888 Nervus saccularis Saccular nerve Saccular nerve
2889 Nervus cochlearis Cochlear nerve Cochlear nerve
2890 Ganglion cochleare Ganglion spirale cochleare Cochlear ganglion Cochlear ganglion Spiral ganglion. Organ of Corti
2891 Nervus glossopharyngeus Nervus cranialis IX Glossopharyngeal nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve Cranial nerve IX
2892 Ganglion superius Superior ganglion Superior ganglion Ganglion of Ehrenritter
2893 Ganglion inferius Ganglion petrosum Inferior ganglion Inferior ganglion Petrosal ganglion Ganglion of Andersch
2894 Nervus tympanicus Tympanic nerve Tympanic nerve Nerve of Arnold; Nerve of
Jacobson

2895 Plexus tympanicus Tympanic plexus Tympanic plexus Plexus of Jacobson
2896 Ramus tubarius Tubal branch Tubal branch
2897 Nervus petrosus minor Radix parasympathica ganglii otici Lesser petrosal nerve Lesser petrosal nerve Parasympathetic root of otic
ganglion
2898 Nervus sinus carotici Carotid sinus nerve Carotid sinus nerve Nerve of Hering;
Endnote 158
2899 Ramus stylopharyngeus Stylopharyngeal branch Stylopharyngeal branch Nerve to stylopharyngeal muscle
2900 Rami pharyngei Pharyngeal branches Pharyngeal branches
2901 Rami tonsillares Tonsillar branches Tonsillar branches
2903 Nervus vagus Nervus cranialis X Vagus nerve Vagus nerve Cranial nerve X For the Anterior and Posterior
vagal trunks, see Divisio
autonomica.
2904 Ganglion superius Ganglion jugulare Superior ganglion Superior ganglion Jugular ganglion
2906 Ramus auricularis Auricular branch Auricular branch Branch of Arnold; Alderman's
nerve
2907 Ganglion inferius Ganglion nodosum Inferior ganglion Inferior ganglion Nodose ganglion
2908 Ramus pharyngeus Pharyngeal branch Pharyngeal branch
2909 Plexus pharyngeus Pharyngeal plexus Pharyngeal plexus
2910 Nervus laryngeus superior Superior laryngeal nerve Superior laryngeal nerve
2911 Ramus externus External branch External branch
2912 Ramus internus Internal branch Internal branch
2913 Rami cardiaci cervicales Superior cervical cardiac branches Superior cervical cardiac branches
superiores
2914 Rami cardiaci cervicales inferiores Inferior cervical cardiac branches Inferior cervical cardiac branches
2915 Nervus laryngeus recurrens Recurrent laryngeal nerve Recurrent laryngeal nerve
2916 Rami tracheales Tracheal branches Tracheal branches
2917 Rami oesophagei Oesophageal branches Esophageal branches
2918 Rami pharyngei Pharyngeal branches Pharyngeal branches
2919 Rami laryngei Laryngeal branches Laryngeal branches
2920 Rami cardiaci thoracici Thoracic cardiac branches Thoracic cardiac branches
2921 Rami bronchiales Bronchial branches Bronchial branches
2923 Nervus accessorius Nervus cranialis XI Accessory nerve Accessory nerve Cranial nerve XI Nerve of Willis;
Endnote 159
2924 Radices nervi accessorii Roots of accessory nerve Roots of accessory nerve
2925 Radix cranialis Cranial root Cranial root
2926 Radix spinalis Spinal root Spinal root
2927 Truncus nervi accessorii Trunk of accessory nerve Trunk of accessory nerve
2928 Ramus internus Ramus communicans vagalis Internal branch Internal branch Vagal communicating branch
2929 Ramus externus Nervus accessorius spinalis External branch External branch Spinal accessory nerve
2931 Ramus trapezius Trapezius branch Trapezius branch Branch to trapezius muscle Endnote 160

2932 Ramus Sternocleidomastoid branch Sternocleidomastoid branch Branch to sternocleidomastoid
sternocleidomastoideus muscle
2933 Nervus hypoglossus Nervus cranialis XII Hypoglossal nerve Hypoglossal nerve Cranial nerve XII
2934 Ramus thyrohyoideus Thyrohyoid branch Thyrohyoid branch Branch to thyrohyoid muscle
2935 Ramus geniohyoideus Geniohyoid branch Geniohyoid branch Branch to geniohyoid muscle
2937 Nervi spinales Spinal nerves Spinal nerves

2938 Radices nervorum spinalium Roots of spinal nerves Roots of spinal nerves
2939 Radices nervorum cervicalium Roots of cervical nerves Roots of cervical nerves
2940 Radices posteriores Radices dorsales; Radices Posterior roots Posterior roots Dorsal roots; Sensory roots
sensoriae
2941 (Radix posterior nervi spinalis (Radix dorsalis nervi spinalis C1) (Posterior root of spinal nerve (Posterior root of spinal nerve (Dorsal root of spinal nerve C1)
C1) C1) C1)
2942 Ganglia spinalia Spinal ganglia Spinal ganglia Dorsal root ganglia
2943 (Ganglion spinale nervi (Spinal ganglion of spinal (Spinal ganglion of spinal (Dorsal root ganglion of spinal
spinalis C1) nerve C1) nerve C1) nerve C1)
2944 Radices anteriores Radices ventrales; Radices Anterior roots Anterior roots Ventral roots; Motor roots
motoriae
2945 Radices nervorum thoracicorum Roots of thoracic nerves Roots of thoracic nerves
sensoriae
motoriae
2949 Cauda equina Cauda equina Cauda equina
2950 Radices nervorum lumbalium Roots of lumbar nerves Roots of lumbar nerves
sensoriae
motoriae
2954 Radices nervorum sacralium Roots of sacral nerves Roots of sacral nerves
sensoriae
motoriae
2958 Radices nervi coccygei Roots of coccygeal nerve Roots of coccygeal nerve
2959 Radix posterior Radix dorsalis; Radix sensoria Posterior root Posterior root Dorsal root; Sensory root
2960 Ganglion spinale Spinal ganglion Spinal ganglion Dorsal root ganglion
2961 Radix anterior Radix ventralis; Radix motoria Anterior root Anterior root Ventral root; Motor root
2962 NERVI CERVICALES CERVICAL NERVES CERVICAL NERVES

2963 Nervus cervicalis primus Nervus spinalis C1 First cervical nerve First cervical nerve Spinal nerve C1
2964 Nervus suboccipitalis; Ramus posterior; Ramus dorsalis Suboccipital nerve Suboccipital nerve Posterior ramus; Dorsal ramus

2966 Ramus communicans Communicating branch to Communicating branch to
hypoglossus hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerve
2967 Nervus cervicalis secundus Nervus spinalis C2 Second cervical nerve Second cervical nerve Spinal nerve C2
2968 Ramus posterior Ramus dorsalis Posterior ramus Posterior ramus Dorsal ramus Endnote 161
2969 Nervus occipitalis major Ramus medialis Greater occipital nerve Greater occipital nerve Medial branch Nerve of Arnold
2970 Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneous branch
2975 Nervus cervicalis tertius Nervus spinalis C3 Third cervical nerve Third cervical nerve Spinal nerve C3
2977 Nervus occipitalis tertius Ramus medialis Third occipital nerve Third occipital nerve Medial branch
2981 Nervus cervicalis quartus Nervus spinalis C4 Fourth cervical nerve Fourth cervical nerve Spinal nerve C4
2987 Nervus cervicalis quintus Nervus spinalis C5 Fifth cervical nerve Fifth cervical nerve Spinal nerve C5
2990 (Ramus cutaneus posterior) (Ramus cutaneus dorsalis) (Posterior cutaneous branch) (Posterior cutaneous branch) (Dorsal cutaneous branch)
2993 Radix superior trunci superioris Superior root of superior trunk of Superior root of superior trunk of
plexus brachialis brachial plexus brachial plexus
2994 Nervus cervicalis sextus Nervus spinalis C6 Sixth cervical nerve Sixth cervical nerve Spinal nerve C6
2999 Radix inferior trunci superioris Inferior root of superior trunk of Inferior root of superior trunk of
3000 Nervus cervicalis septimus Nervus spinalis C7 Seventh cervical nerve Seventh cervical nerve Spinal nerve C7
3005 Radix trunci medii plexus Root of middle trunk of brachial Root of middle trunk of brachial
brachialis plexus plexus
3006 Nervus cervicalis octavus Nervus spinalis C8 Eighth cervical nerve Eighth cervical nerve Spinal nerve C8

3011 Radix superior trunci inferioris Superior root of inferior trunk of Superior root of inferior trunk of
3012 PLEXUS CERVICALIS CERVICAL PLEXUS CERVICAL PLEXUS

3013 Rami profundi Deep branches Deep branches
3014 Ansa cervicalis Ansa cervicalis Ansa cervicalis
3015 Radix superior Superior root Superior root
3016 Radix inferior Inferior root Inferior root
3017 Rami infrahyoidei Branches to infrahyoid muscles Branches to infrahyoid muscles
3019 Nervus phrenicus Phrenic nerve Phrenic nerve Bell's internal respiratory nerve
3020 Ramus pericardiacus Pericardial branch Pericardial branch
3021 Rami phrenicoabdominales Phrenico-abdominal branches Phrenicoabdominal branches
3022 Rami superficiales Superficial branches Superficial branches
3023 Nervus occipitalis minor Lesser occipital nerve Lesser occipital nerve
3024 Nervus auricularis magnus Great auricular nerve Great auricular nerve
3025 Ramus posterior Ramus dorsalis Posterior branch Posterior branch Dorsal branch
3026 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis Anterior branch Anterior branch Ventral branch
3027 Nervus transversus cervicalis Nervus transversus colli Transverse cervical nerve Transverse cervical nerve
3028 Rami superiores Superior branches Superior branches
3029 Rami inferiores Inferior branches Inferior branches
3030 Nervi supraclaviculares Supraclavicular nerves Supraclavicular nerves
3031 Nervi supraclaviculares mediales Medial supraclavicular nerves Medial supraclavicular nerves
3032 Nervi supraclaviculares Intermediate supraclavicular Intermediate supraclavicular
intermedii nerves nerves
3033 Nervi supraclaviculares laterales Lateral supraclavicular nerves Lateral supraclavicular nerves
3034 PLEXUS BRACHIALIS BRACHIAL PLEXUS BRACHIAL PLEXUS

3035 Pars supraclavicularis Supraclavicular part Supraclavicular part
3036 Radices plexus brachialis Roots of brachial plexus Roots of brachial plexus
3037 Trunci plexus brachialis Trunks of brachial plexus Trunks of brachial plexus
3038 Truncus superior Superior trunk Superior trunk Upper trunk
3040 Divisio posterior Posterior division Posterior division
3041 Truncus medius Middle trunk Middle trunk
3043 Divisio posteror Posterior division Posterior division
3044 Truncus inferior Inferior trunk Inferior trunk Lower trunk
3047 Pars infraclavicularis Infraclavicular part Infraclavicular part
3048 Fasciculi plexus brachialis Cords of brachial plexus Cords of brachial plexus

3049 Fasciculus lateralis Lateral cord Lateral cord
3050 Fasciculus posterior Posterior cord Posterior cord
3051 Fasciculus medialis Medial cord Medial cord
3052 Rami supraclaviculares Supraclavicular branches Supraclavicular branches
3054 Nervus dorsalis scapulae Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal scapular nerve
3055 Nervus thoracicus longus Long thoracic nerve Long thoracic nerve Bell's external respiratory nerve
3056 Nervus subclavius Subclavian nerve Subclavian nerve Nerve to subclavian muscle
3057 Nervus suprascapularis Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular nerve
3058 (Nervus phrenicus accessorius) (Accessory phrenic nerve) (Accessory phrenic nerve)
3059 Rami fasciculi lateralis Branches of lateral cord Branches of lateral cord
3060 Nervus pectoralis lateralis Lateral pectoral nerve Lateral pectoral nerve
3061 Nervus musculocutaneus Musculocutaneous nerve Musculocutaneous nerve Nerve of Casserio
3063 Nervus cutaneus antebrachii Lateral antebrachial cutaneous Lateral antebrachial cutaneous
lateralis nerve nerve
3064 Radix lateralis nervi mediani Lateral root of median nerve Lateral root of median nerve Lateral head of median nerve
3065 (Radix lateralis nervi ulnaris) (Lateral root of ulnar nerve) (Lateral root of ulnar nerve) (Lateral head of ulnar nerve)
3066 Rami fasciculi posterioris Branches of posterior cord Branches of posterior cord
3067 Nervi subscapulares Subscapular nerves Subscapular nerves
3068 Nervus subscapularis superior Superior subscapular nerve Superior subscapular nerve
3069 Nervus subscapularis inferior Inferior subscapular nerve Inferior subscapular nerve
3070 Nervus thoracodorsalis Nervus subscapularis medius Thoracodorsal nerve Thoracodorsal nerve Middle subscapular nerve
3071 Nervus radialis Radial nerve Radial nerve
3072 Nervus cutaneus brachii Nervus cutaneus brachii dorsalis Posterior brachial cutaneous Posterior brachial cutaneous Dorsal brachial cutaneous nerve
posterior nerve nerve
3073 Nervus cutaneus brachii lateralis Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous Inferior lateral brachial cutaneous
inferior nerve nerve
3074 Nervus cutaneus antebrachii Nervus cutaneus antebrachii Posterior antebrachial cutaneous Posterior antebrachial cutaneous Dorsal antebrachial cutaneous
posterior dorsalis nerve nerve nerve
3076 Ramus profundus Deep branch Deep branch
3077 Nervus interosseus antebrachii Nervus interosseus posterior Posterior antebrachial Posterior antebrachial Posterior interosseous nerve
posterior interosseous nerve interosseous nerve
3078 Ramus superficialis Superficial branch Superficial branch
3079 Nervi digitales dorsales manus Dorsal digital branches Dorsal digital branches
3080 Nervus axillaris Axillary nerve Axillary nerve
3082 Nervus cutaneus brachii lateralis Superior lateral brachial Superior lateral brachial
superior cutaneous nerve cutaneous nerve
3083 Rami fasciculi medialis Branches of medial cord Branches of medial cord
3084 Nervus pectoralis medialis Medial pectoral nerve Medial pectoral nerve Endnote 162
3085 Nervus cutaneus brachii medialis Medial brachial cutaneous nerve Medial brachial cutaneous nerve Nerve of Wrisberg
3086 Nervus cutaneus antebrachii Medial antebrachial cutaneous Medial antebrachial cutaneous
medialis nerve nerve
3087 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis Anterior branch Anterior branch Ventral branch

3088 Ramus posterior Ramus dorsalis Posterior branch Posterior branch Dorsal branch
3089 Radix medialis nervi mediani Medial root of median nerve Medial root of median nerve Medial head of median nerve
3090 Nervus ulnaris Ulnar nerve Ulnar nerve
3092 Ramus dorsalis Dorsal branch Dorsal branch
3093 Nervi digitales dorsales manus Dorsal digital nerves of hand Dorsal digital nerves of hand
3094 Ramus palmaris Palmar branch Palmar branch
3096 Nervi digitales palmares Common palmar digital nerves Common palmar digital nerves
communes
3097 Nervi digitales palmares Proper palmar digital nerves Proper palmar digital nerves
proprii
3099 Nervus medianus Median nerve Median nerve
3100 Nervus interosseus antebrachii Nervus interosseus anterior Anterior antebrachial interosseous Anterior antebrachial interosseous Anterior interosseous nerve
anterior nerve nerve
3102 Ramus palmaris Palmar branch Palmar branch
3103 (Ramus communicans ulnaris) (Communicating branch with ulnar (Communicating branch with ulnar Martin-Gruber anastomosis
nerve) nerve)
3104 Ramus recurrens Ramus muscularis thenaris Recurrent branch Recurrent branch Thenar muscular branch
3105 Nervi digitales palmares Common palmar digital nerves Common palmar digital nerves
communes
3106 Nervi digitales palmares proprii Proper palmar digital nerves Proper palmar digital nerves
3107 NERVI THORACICI THORACIC NERVES THORACIC NERVES

3108 Nervus thoracicus primus Nervus spinalis T1 First thoracic nerve First thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T1
3114 Ramus communicans albus White ramus communicans White ramus communicans
3115 Radix inferior trunci inferioris Inferior root of inferior trunk of Inferior root of inferior trunk of
3116 Nervus intercostalis primus First intercostal nerve First intercostal nerve
3118 Ramus collateralis Collateral branch Collateral branch
3119 Ramus cutaneus lateralis Lateral cutaneous branch Lateral cutaneous branch
3120 Ramus cutaneus anterior Ramus cutaneus ventralis Anterior cutaneous branch Anterior cutaneous branch Ventral cutaneous branch
3121 Nervus thoracicus secundus Nervus spinalis T2 Second thoracic nerve Second thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T2
3126 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Second intercostal

intercostalis secundus nerve
3130 Ramus cutaneus lateralis Nervus intercostobrachialis Lateral cutaneous branch Lateral cutaneous branch Intercostobrachial nerve
3132 Nervus thoracicus tertius Nervus spinalis T3 Third thoracic nerve Third thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T3
3137 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Third intercostal
intercostalis tertius nerve
3142 (Nervus intercostobrachialis (Accessory intercostobrachial (Accessory intercostobrachial
accessorius) nerve) nerve)
3144 Nervus thoracicus quartus Nervus spinalis T4 Fourth thoracic nerve Fourth thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T4
3149 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Fourth intercostal
intercostalis quartus nerve
3154 Rami mammarii laterales Lateral mammary branches Lateral mammary branches
3156 Rami mammarii mediales Medial mammary branches Medial mammary branches
3157 Nervus thoracicus quintus Nervus spinalis T5 Fifth thoracic nerve Fifth thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T5
3162 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Fifth intercostal
intercostalis quintus nerve

3170 Nervus thoracicus sextus Nervus spinalis T6 Sixth thoracic nerve Sixth thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T6
3175 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Sixth intercostal
intercostalis sectus nerve
3183 Nervus thoracicus septimus Nervus spinalis T7 Seventh thoracic nerve Seventh thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T7
3188 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Seventh intercostal
intercostalis septimus nerve
3194 Nervus thoracicus octavus Nervus spinalis T8 Eighth thoracic nerve Eighth thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T8
3199 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Eighth intercostal
intercostalis octavus nerve
3205 Nervus thoracicus nonus Nervus spinalis T9 Ninth thoracic nerve Ninth thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T9
3210 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Ninth intercostal

intercostalis nonus nerve
3216 Nervus thoracicus decimus Nervus spinalis T10 Tenth thoracic nerve Tenth thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T10
3221 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Tenth intercostal
intercostalis decimus nerve
3227 Nervus thoracicus undecimus Nervus spinalis T11 Eleventh thoracic nerve Eleventh thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T11
3232 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Eleventh intercostal
intercostalis undecimus nerve
3238 Nervus thoracicus duodecimus Nervus spinalis T12 Twelfth thoracic nerve Twelfth thoracic nerve Spinal nerve T12
3243 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis; Nervus Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus; Subcostal nerve
subcostalis
3247 (Ramus communicans (Ramus communicans (Communicating branch to (Communicating branch to (Descending communicating Dorsolumbar nerve; Branch to
iliohypogastricus) descendens) iliohypogastric nerve) iliohypogastric nerve) nerve) iliohypogastric nerve
3250 NERVI LUMBALES LUMBAR NERVES LUMBAR NERVES

3251 Nervus lumbalis primus Nervus spinalis L1 First lumbar nerve First lumbar nerve Spinal nerve L1
3255 Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneous branch; Superior Endnote 163
clunium superior clunial nerve
3258 Radix superior nervi Superior root of genitofemoral Superior root of genitofemoral Communicating branch to
genitofemoralis nerve nerve genitofemoral nerve
3259 Nervus iliohypogastricus Iliohypogastric nerve Iliohypogastric nerve
3262 Nervus ilioinguinalis Ilio-inguinal nerve Ilioinguinal nerve
3263 Nervi labiales anteriores ♀ Anterior labial nerves ♀ Anterior labial nerves ♀
3264 Nervi scrotales anteriores ♂ Anterior scrotal nerves ♂ Anterior scrotal nerves ♂
3265 Nervus lumbalis secundus Nervus spinalis L2 Second lumbar nerve Second lumbar nerve Spinal nerve L2
3269 Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneous branch; Superior
3272 Radix inferior nervi Inferior root of genitofemoral Inferior root of genitofemoral
genitofemoralis nerve nerve
3275 Nervus lumbalis tertius Nervus spinalis L3 Third lumbar nerve Third lumbar nerve Spinal nerve L3
3279 Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneous branch; Superior
3280 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis Anterior ramus; Ventral ramus Anterior ramus; Ventral ramus Ventral ramus
3283 Nervus lumbalis quartus Nervus spinalis L4 Fourth lumbar nerve Fourth lumbar nerve Spinal nerve L4
3287 Ramus anterior Ramus ventralis Anterior ramus Anterior ramus Ventral ramus Nervus furcalis
3290 Ramus communicans Ramus communicans descendens Lumbosacral communicating Lumbosacral communicating Descending communicating Branch to lumbosacral trunk
lumbosacralis branch branch branches

3291 Nervus lumbalis quintus Nervus spinalis quintus Fifth lumbar nerve Fifth lumbar nerve Spinal nerve L5
3296 Truncus lumbosacralis Lumbosacral trunk Lumbosacral trunk
3299 NERVI SACRALES SACRAL NERVES SACRAL NERVES

3300 Nervus sacralis primus Nervus spinalis S1 First sacral nerve First sacral nerve Spinal nerve S1
3304 Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneous branch; Middle Endnote 164
clunium medius clunial nerve
3308 Nervus sacralis secundus Nervus spinalis S2 Second sacral nerve Second sacral nerve Spinal nerve S2
3312 Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneus branch; Middle
3314 Nervus splanchnicus pelvicus Superior pelvic splanchnic nerve Superior pelvic splanchnic nerve Radix parasympathica
superior
3317 Nervus sacralis tertius Nervus spinalis S3 Third sacral nerve Third sacral nerve Spinal nerve S3
3321 Ramus cutaneus posterior Ramus cutaneus dorsalis; Nervus Posterior cutaneous branch Posterior cutaneous branch Dorsal cutaneous branch; Middle
3323 Nervus splanchnicus pelvicus Middle pelvic splanchnic nerve Middle pelvic splanchnic nerve Radix parasympathica
medius
3326 Nervus sacralis quartus Nervus spinalis S4 Fourth sacral nerve Fourth sacral nerve Spinal nerve S4
3329 Nervus splanchnicus pelvicus Inferior pelvic splanchnic nerve Inferior pelvic splanchnic nerve Radix parasympathica
inferior

3330 Ramus superior Superior branch Superior branch Branch to sacral plexus
3331 Ramus inferior Inferior branch Inferior branch Branch to coccygeal plexus
3332 Nervus sacralis quintus Nervus spinalis S5 Fifth sacral nerve Fifth sacral nerve Spinal nerve S5
3335 NERVUS COCCYGEUS COCCYGEAL NERVE COCCYGEAL NERVE

3338 PLEXUS LUMBOSACRALIS LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS

3339 Plexus lumbalis Lumbar plexus Lumbar plexus
3340 Pars anterior Anterior part Anterior part Anterior divisions of L2-L4
3341 Pars posterior Posterior part Posterior part Posterior divisions of L2-L4
3342 Rami partis anterioris Branches of anterior part Branches of anterior part
3343 Nervus genitofemoralis Genitofemoral nerve Genitofemoral nerve
3344 Ramus genitalis Genital branch Genital branch
3345 Ramus femoralis Femoral branch Femoral branch
3346 Nervus obturatorius Obturator nerve Obturator nerve
3347 Ramus anterior Anterior branch Anterior branch
3348 Ramus cutaneus Cutaneous branch Cutaneous branch
3350 Ramus posterior Posterior branch Posterior branch
3352 (Nervus obturatorius (Accessory obturator nerve) (Accessory obturator nerve)
accessorius)
3353 Rami partis posterioris Branches of posterior part Branches of posterior part
3354 Nervus cutaneus femoris lateralis Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
3355 Nervus femoralis Femoral nerve Femoral nerve
3357 Rami cutanei femoris Anterior femoral cutaneous Anterior femoral cutaneous
anteriores branches branches
3358 Nervus saphenus Saphenous nerve Saphenous nerve
3359 Ramus infrapatellaris Infrapatellar branch Infrapatellar branch
3360 Rami cutanei cruris mediales Medial crural cutaneous Medial crural cutaneous
branches branches
3361 Plexus sacralis Sacral plexus Sacral plexus

3362 Pars anterior Anterior part Anterior part Anterior divisions of L4-S4
3363 Pars posterior Posterior part Posterior part Posterior divisions of L4-S4
3364 Rami partis anterioris Branches of anterior part Branches of anterior part
3366 Nervus musculi obturatorii interni Nerve to obturator internus Nerve to obturator internus
muscle muscle
3367 Nervus musculi quadrati femoris Nerve to quadratus femoris Nerve to quadratus femoris
muscle muscle

3368 Nervus musculi levatoris ani Nerve to levator ani muscle Nerve to levator ani muscle
3369 Nervus musculi coccygei Nerve to coccygeus muscle Nerve to coccygeus muscle
3370 Nervus pudendus Pudendal nerve Pudendal nerve
3371 Nervus analis inferior Nervus rectalis inferior Inferior anal nerve Inferior anal nerve Inferior rectal nerve
3372 Nervus perinealis Perineal nerve Perineal nerve
3373 Nervi labiales posteriores ♀ Posterior labial nerves ♀ Posterior labial nerves ♀
3374 Nervi scrotales posteriores ♂ Posterior scrotal nerves ♂ Posterior scrotal nerves ♂
3376 Nervus dorsalis clitoridis ♀ Dorsal nerve of clitoris ♀ Dorsal nerve of clitoris ♀
3377 Nervus dorsalis penis ♂ Dorsal nerve of penis ♂ Dorsal nerve of penis ♂
3378 Rami partis posterioris Branches of posterior part Branches of posterior part
3379 Nervus gluteus superior Superior gluteal nerve Superior gluteal nerve
3380 Nervus gluteus inferior Inferior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve
3381 Nervus musculi piriformis Nerve to piriformis muscle Nerve to piriformis muscle
3382 Nervus cutaneus perforans Perforating cutaneous nerve Perforating cutaneous nerve
3383 Nervus cutaneus femoris Posterior femoral cutaneous Posterior femoral cutaneous
posterior nerve nerve
3384 Nervi clunium inferiores Inferior clunial nerves Inferior clunial nerves
3385 Rami perineales Perineal branches Perineal branches
3386 Nervus ischiadicus Sciatic nerve Sciatic nerve
3388 Nervus fibularis communis Nervus peroneus communis Common fibular nerve Common fibular nerve Common peroneal nerve
3389 Nervus cutaneus surae lateralis Lateral sural cutaneous nerve Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
3390 Ramus communicans suralis Sural communicating branch Sural communicating branch R. communicans fibularis; R.
communicans peroneus
3391 Nervus fibularis superficialis Nervus peroneus superficialis Superficial fibular nerve Superficial fibular nerve Superficial peroneal nerve
3393 Nervus cutaneus dorsalis Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
medialis
3394 Nervus cutaneus dorsalis Intermediate dorsal cutaneous Intermediate dorsal cutaneous
intermedius nerve nerve
3395 Nervi digitales dorsales pedis Dorsal digital nerves of foot Dorsal digital nerves of foot
3396 Nervus fibularis profundus Nervus peroneus profundus Deep fibular nerve Deep fibular nerve Deep peroneal nerve
3398 Nervi digitales dorsales pedis Dorsal digital nerves of foot Dorsal digital nerves of foot
3399 Nervus tibialis Tibial nerve Tibial nerve
3401 Nervus interosseus cruris Crural interosseous nerve Crural interosseous nerve
3402 Nervus cutaneus surae medialis Medial sural cutaneous nerve Medial sural cutaneous nerve
3403 Nervus suralis Sural nerve Sural nerve
3404 Nervus cutaneus dorsalis Lateral dorsal cutaneous Lateral dorsal cutaneous
lateralis nerve nerve
3405 Rami calcanei laterales Lateral calcaneal branches Lateral calcaneal branches
3406 Rami calcanei mediales Medial calcaneal branches Medial calcaneal branches
3407 Nervus plantaris medialis Medial plantar nerve Medial plantar nerve
3408 Nervi digitales plantares Common plantar digital nerves Common plantar digital nerves

communes
3409 Nervi digitales plantares proprii Proper plantar digital nerves Proper plantar digital nerves
3410 Nervus plantaris lateralis Lateral plantar nerve Lateral plantar nerve
3412 Nervi digitales plantares Common plantar digital Common plantar digital
communes nerves nerves
3413 Nervi digitales plantares Proper plantar digital Proper plantar digital
proprii nerves nerves
3415 Plexus coccygeus Coccygeal plexus Coccygeal plexus

3416 Nervus anococcygeus Anococcygeal nerve Anococcygeal nerve
3417 Divisio autonomica Autonomic division Autonomic division

3418 PARS THORACOLUMBALIS Pars sympathica THORACOLUMBAR PART THORACOLUMBAR PART Sympathetic part
3419 Truncus sympathicus Sympathetic trunk Sympathetic trunk
3420 Rami interganglionares Interganglionic branches Interganglionic branches
3421 Rami communicantes Rami communicantes Rami communicantes
3422 Rami communicantes grisei Gray rami communicantes Grey rami communicantes
3423 Rami communicantes albi White rami communicantes White rami communicantes
3424 Ganglia paravertebralia Paravertebral ganglia Paravertebral ganglia Endnote 165
3425 Ganglia intermedia Intermediate ganglia Intermediate ganglia Accessory ganglia
3426 Ganglia trunci sympathici Ganglia of sympathetic trunk Ganglia of sympathetic trunk
3427 Ganglia cervicalia Cervical ganglia Cervical ganglia
3428 Ganglion cervicale superius Superior cervical ganglion Superior cervical ganglion
3429 Nervus jugularis Jugular nerve Jugular nerve
3430 Nervus caroticus internus Internal carotid nerve Internal carotid nerve
3431 Nervi carotici externi External carotid nerves External carotid nerves
3432 Rami laryngopharyngei Laryngopharyngeal branches Laryngopharyngeal branches
3433 Nervus cardiacus cervicalis Superior cervical cardiac Superior cervical cardiac
superior nerve nerve
3434 Ganglion cervicale medium Middle cervical ganglion Middle cervical ganglion
3435 Nervus cardiacus cervicalis Middle cervical cardiac Middle cervical cardiac
medius nerve nerve
3436 (Ganglion vertebrale) (Vertebral ganglion) (Vertebral ganglion)
3437 Ganglion cervicothoracicum Ganglion stellatum; Ganglion Cervicothoracic ganglion Cervicothoracic ganglion Stellate ganglion; Inferior cervical Endnote 166
cervicale inferius ganglion
3438 Ansa subclavia Ansa subclavia Ansa subclavia Ansa of Vieussens
3439 Nervus cardiacus cervicalis Inferior cervical cardiac Inferior cervical cardiac Nerve of Pavlov
inferior nerve nerve
3440 Nervus vertebralis Vertebral nerve Vertebral nerve Nerve of Cruveilhier
3441 Ganglia thoracica Thoracic ganglia Thoracic ganglia
3442 Rami viscerales throracici Thoracic visceral branches Thoracic visceral branches
3443 Rami cardiaci thoracici Thoracic cardiac branches Thoracic cardiac branches
3444 Rami pulmonales thoracici Thoracic pulmonary Thoracic pulmonary
branches branches

3445 Nervus splanchnicus Greater thoracic splanchnic Greater thoracic splanchnic
thoracicus major nerve nerve
3447 Nervus splanchnicus Lesser thoracic splanchnic Lesser thoracic splanchnic
thoracicus minor nerve nerve
3448 Nervus splanchnicus Least thoracic splanchnic Least thoracic splanchnic
thoracicus imus nerve nerve
3449 Ramus renalis Renal branch Renal branch
3450 Ganglia lumbalia Lumbar ganglia Lumbar ganglia
3451 Nervi splanchnici lumbales Lumbar splanchnic nerves Lumbar splanchnic nerves
3452 Ganglia sacralia Sacral ganglia Sacral ganglia
3453 Nervi splanchnici sacrales Sacral splanchnic nerves Sacral splanchnic nerves
3454 Ganglion impar Ganglion impar Ganglion impar Ganglion of Walther;
Endnote 167
3455 Ganglia prevertebralia Prevertebral ganglia Prevertebral ganglia
3456 Ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum Thoracic splanchnic ganglion Thoracic splanchnic ganglion
3457 Ganglia coeliaca Coeliac ganglia Celiac ganglia
3458 Ganglia aorticorenalia Aorticorenal ganglia Aorticorenal ganglia
3459 Ganglion mesentericum superius Superior mesenteric ganglion Superior mesenteric ganglion
3460 Ganglion mesentericum inferius Inferior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion
3461 Plexus perivasculares Perivascular plexuses Perivascular plexuses Endnote 168
3462 Plexus caroticus communis Common carotid plexus Common carotid plexus
3463 Plexus caroticus internus Internal carotid plexus Internal carotid plexus
3464 Radix sympathica ganglii ciliaris Sympathetic root of ciliary Sympathetic root of ciliary
ganglion ganglion
3465 Radix sympathica ganglii Nervus petrosus profundus Sympathetic root of Sympathetic root of Deep petrosal nerve
pterygopalatini pterygopalatine ganglion pterygopalatine ganglion
3466 Nervi caroticotympanici Caroticotympanic nerves Caroticotympanic nerves
3467 Nervus pinealis Pineal nerve Pineal nerve
3468 Plexus cavernosus Cavernous plexus Cavernous plexus Lateral sellar plexus Endnote 169
3469 Plexus caroticus externus External carotid plexus External carotid plexus
3470 Radix sympathica ganglii Sympathetic root of Sympathetic root of
submandibularis submandibular ganglion submandibular ganglion
3471 (Radix sympathica ganglii (Sympathetic root of sublingual (Sympathetic root of sublingual
sublingualis) ganglion) ganglion)
3472 Radix sympathica ganglii otici Sympathetic root of otic ganglion Sympathetic root of otic ganglion
3473 Plexus subclavius Subclavian plexus Subclavian plexus
3474 Plexus autonomicus brachialis Brachial autonomic plexus Brachial autonomic plexus
3475 Plexus vertebralis Vertebral plexus Vertebral plexus Plexus of Cruveilhier
3476 Plexus aorticus thoracicus Thoracic aortic plexus Thoracic aortic plexus
3477 Plexus iliacus Iliac plexus Iliac plexus
3478 Plexus femoralis Femoral plexus Femoral plexus
3479 PARS CRANIOSACRALIS Pars parasympathica CRANIOSACRAL PART CRANIOSACRAL PART Parasympathetic part
3480 Pars cranialis Cranial part Cranial part
3481 Ganglion ciliare Ciliary ganglion Ciliary ganglion Ganglion of Schacher

3482 Nervi ciliares breves Short ciliary nerves Short ciliary nerves
3483 Ganglion pterygopalatinum Pterygopalatine ganglion Pterygopalatine ganglion Ganglion of Meckel
3484 Rami orbitales Orbital branches Orbital branches Endnote 170
3485 Ramus sinus cavernosi Anterior branch of sinus Anterior branch of sinus
anterior cavernosus cavernosus
3486 Ramus sinus cavernosi Posterior branch of sinus Posterior branch of sinus
posterior cavernosus cavernosus
3487 Rami nasales posteriores Lateral superior posterior nasal Lateral superior posterior nasal
superiores laterales branches branches
3488 Rami nasales posteriores Medial superior posterior nasal Medial superior posterior nasal
superiores mediales branches branches
3489 Nervus nasopalatinus Nasopalatine nerve Nasopalatine nerve Nerve of Cotugno; Nerve of Scarpa
3490 Nervus pharyngeus Pharyngeal nerve Pharyngeal nerve
3491 Nervus palatinus major Greater palatine nerve Greater palatine nerve
3492 Rami nasales posteriores Inferior posterior nasal Inferior posterior nasal
inferiores branches branches
3493 Nervi palatini minores Lesser palatine nerves Lesser palatine nerves
3494 Rami tonsillares Tonsillar branches Tonsillar branches
3495 Ganglion submandibulare Submandibular ganglion Submandibular ganglion Ganglion of Langley
3496 Ramus communicans lingualis Ramus ganglionaris Communicating branch to lingual Communicating branch to lingual Anterior branch to submandibular
submandibularis anterior nerve nerve gland
3497 Rami glandulares Branches to submandibular Branches to submandibular
gland gland
3498 (Ganglion sublinguale) (Sublingual ganglion) (Sublingual ganglion)
3499 Ganglion oticum Otic ganglion Otic ganglion Ganglion of Arnold
3500 Ramus communicans Communicating branch to Communicating branch to
auriculotemporalis auriculotemporal nerve auriculotemporal nerve
3501 Pars vagalis Vagal part Vagal part
3502 Truncus vagalis anterior Anterior vagal trunk Anterior vagal trunk
3503 Nervus anterior curvaturae Anterior nerve of lesser curvature Anterior nerve of lesser curvature Anterior nerve of Latarjet
minoris
3504 Rami gastrici anteriores Anterior gastric branches Anterior gastric branches
3505 Rami hepatici Hepatic branches Hepatic branches
3506 Ramus pyloricus Pyloric branch Pyloric branch
3507 Truncus vagalis posterior Posterior vagal trunk Posterior vagal trunk
3508 Nervus posterior curvaturae Posterior nerve of lesser Posterior nerve of lesser Posterior nerve of Latarjet
minoris curvature curvature
3509 Rami gastrici posteriores Posterior gastric branches Posterior gastric branches
3510 Rami coeliaci Coeliac branches Celiac branches
3511 Rami renales Renal branches Renal branches
3512 Pars sacralis Sacral part Sacral part
3513 Nervi splanchnici pelvici Radices parasympathicae Pelvic splanchnic nerves Pelvic splanchnic nerves Parasympathetic roots of pelvic Nervi erigentes; Nervi splanchnici
gangliorum pelvicorum ganglia pelvini
3514 PLEXUS VISCERALES VISCERAL PLEXUSES VISCERAL PLEXUSES

3515 Plexus thoracici Thoracic plexuses Thoracic plexuses
3516 Plexus cardiacus Cardiac plexus Cardiac plexus

3517 Ganglia cardiaca Cardiac ganglia Cardiac ganglia Ganglia of Wrisberg
3518 Plexus oesophageus Oesophageal plexus Esophageal plexus
3519 Plexus pulmonalis Pulmonary plexus Pulmonary plexus
3520 Plexus abdominales Abdominal plexuses Abdominal plexuses
3521 Plexus phrenicus Phrenic plexus Phrenic plexus
3522 Ganglia phrenica Phrenic ganglia Phrenic ganglia
3523 Plexus coeliacus Coeliac plexus Celiac plexus
3524 Plexus hepaticus Hepatic plexus Hepatic plexus
3525 Plexus splenicus Plexus lienalis Splenic plexus Splenic plexus
3526 Plexus gastrici Gastric plexuses Gastric plexuses
3527 Plexus pancreaticus Pancreatic plexus Pancreatic plexus
3528 Plexus suprarenalis Suprarenal plexus Suprarenal plexus
3529 Plexus renalis Renal plexus Renal plexus
3530 Ganglia renalia Renal ganglia Renal ganglia
3531 Plexus uretericus Ureteric plexus Ureteric plexus
3532 Plexus mesentericus superius Superior mesenteric plexus Superior mesenteric plexus
3533 Plexus ovaricus ♀ Ovarian plexus ♀ Ovarian plexus ♀
3534 Plexus testicularis ♂ Testicular plexus ♂ Testicular plexus ♂
3535 Plexus aorticus abdominalis Plexus intermesentericus Abdominal aortic plexus Abdominal aortic plexus Intermesenteric plexus Endnote 171
3536 Plexus mesentericus inferius Inferior mesenteric plexus Inferior mesenteric plexus
3537 Plexus rectalis superior Superior rectal plexus Superior rectal plexus
3538 Plexus hypogastricus superior Nervus presacralis Superior hypogastric plexus Superior hypogastric plexus Presacral nerve
3539 Plexus pelvici Pelvic plexuses Pelvic plexuses
3540 Ganglia pelvica Pelvic ganglia Pelvic ganglia
3541 Nervus hypogastricus Hypogastric nerve Hypogastric nerve
3542 Plexus hypogastricus inferior Plexus pelvicus Inferior hypogastric plexus Inferior hypogastric plexus Pelvic plexus
3543 Plexus rectalis medius Middle rectal plexus Middle rectal plexus
3544 Plexus rectalis inferior Inferior rectal plexus Inferior rectal plexus
3545 Nervi anales superiores Superior anal nerves Superior anal nerves
3546 Plexus vesicalis Vesical plexus Vesical plexus
3547 Plexus deferentialis ♂ Deferential plexus Deferential plexus Plexus of ductus deferens ♂
3548 Plexus uterovaginalis ♀ Uterovaginal plexus ♀ Uterovaginal plexus ♀ Plexus of Frankenhäuser
3549 Nervi vaginales ♀ Vaginal nerves ♀ Vaginal nerves ♀
3550 Nervi cavernosi clitoridis ♀ Cavernous nerves of clitoris♀ Cavernous nerves of clitoris♀ Plexus cavernosus clitoridis
3551 Plexus prostaticus ♂ Prostatic plexus ♂ Prostatic plexus ♂
3552 Nervi cavernosi penis ♂ Cavernous nerves of penis ♂ Cavernous nerves of penis ♂ Plexus cavernosus penis
3553 PLEXUS ENTERICUS Systema nervosum entericum ENTERIC PLEXUS ENTERIC PLEXUS Enteric nervous plexus
3554 Plexus entericus ganglionaris Enteric ganglionic plexus Enteric ganglionic plexus
3555 Plexus nervosus submucosus Submucosal neural plexus Submucosal neural plexus
3556 Plexus nervosus submucosus Inner submucosal neural Inner submucosal neural Plexus of Meissner
internus plexus plexus
3557 Plexus nervosus submucosus Outer submucosal neural Outer submucosal neural Plexus of Schabadasch
externus plexus plexus
3558 Plexus nervosus myentericus Myenteric neural plexus Myenteric neural plexus Plexus of Auerbach
3559 Plexus entericus aganglionaris Enteric aganglionic plexus Enteric aganglionic plexus Endnote 172

3560 Plexus aganglionaris mucosus Aganglionic plexus of mucosa Aganglionic plexus of mucosa
3561 Plexus aganglionaris muscularis Aganglionic plexus of muscularis Aganglionic plexus of muscularis
mucosae mucosae mucosae
3562 Plexus aganglionaris extremus Extreme aganglionic plexus Extreme aganglionic plexus
3563 Plexus aganglionaris internus Internal aganglionic plexus of Internal aganglionic plexus of
muscularis muscular layer muscular layer
3564 Plexus aganglionaris externus External aganglionic plexus of External aganglionic plexus of
muscularis muscular layer muscular layer
3565 Plexus aganglionaris serosus Aganglionic plexus of serosa Aganglionic plexus of serosa
3566 Plexus entericus perivascularis Enteric perivascular plexus Enteric perivascular plexus
3567 Ganglion entericum Enteric ganglion Enteric ganglion
3568 Neura enterica Enteric neurons Enteric neurons
3569 Neuron afferens primarium Intrinsic primary afferent Intrinsic primary afferent
intrinsicum neuron neuron
3570 Interneuron longiaxonicum Projection interneuron Projection interneuron
3571 Interneuron ascendens Ascending interneuron Ascending interneuron
3572 Interneuron descendens Descending interneuron Descending interneuron
3573 Interneuron intestinofugiens Intestinofugal interneuron Intestinofugal interneuron
3574 Interneuron breviaxonicum Local interneuron Local interneuron
3575 Motoneuron Neuron motorium Motor neuron Motor neuron Motoneuron
3576 Motoneuron excitatorium Excitatory motor neuron Excitatory motor neuron Excitatory motoneuron
3577 Motoneuron inhibitorium Inhibitory motor neuron Inhibitory motor neuron Inhibitory motoneuron
3578 Glia enterica Enteric glia Enteric glia

ENDNOTES
149 Cellula implicans. The Cellula implicans includes Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells/glia in the Olfactory nerves.
150 Terminatio neuralis libera. TH had unencapsulated and encapsulated sensory corpuscles also listed under Terminatio neuralis libera. Free nerve endings are found in most connective and epithelial tissues.
151 Terminatio folliculi pili. Entity (and term) restored from TH. Hair follicles are innervated by a triad of receptor types: lanceolate, Ruffini and free nerve endings that compose the Piloneural complex (Munger BL,
Ide C 1988 The structure and function of cutaneous sensory receptors. Arch Histol Cytol 51:1-34). In humans, microneuronographic studies by Vallbo et al. (Vallbo AB, Olausson H, Wessberg J, Kakuda N 1995
Receptive field characteristics of tactile units with myelinated afferents in hairy skin of human subjects. J Physiol, Lond 486:783-795) corroborate these findings.
152 Complexus epithelialis tactus. This term is from Integumentum commune of TH. The Merkel cell-neurite complex includes the Epitheliocytus tactilis (Merkel cell) and the Meniscus tactilis (Merkel's tactile
disc), a cup-shaped expansion of the nerve ending.
153 Corpuscula sensoria capsulata. Encapsulated sensory corpuscles are subdivided according to the organization of the Schwann-cell component of the capsules (see Chouchkov C 1978 Cutaneous
Receptors. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 54(5):1-63, and Darian-Smith I 1984 The sense of touch. In Hb Physiol, The Nervous System III, pp 739-788; Amer Physiol Soc, Bethesda, MD).
154 Corpusculum sensorium fusiforme. Receptors without a defined lamellation, found in dermis and joint capsules.
155 Corpusculum ovoideum. Receptors with asymmetrical Schwann-cell lamination, found in papillary dermis, and known as Meissner corpuscles. In mucocutaneous junctional areas (lips, external genitalia), they
are known as Dogiel corpuscles and Krause end bulbs (Chouchkov C 1978 Cutaneous Receptors. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 54(5):1-63). Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles, found in the subcutaneous tissue of human
fingers, also belong to this category (Halata Z 1975 The Mechanoreceptors of the Mammalian Skin. Ultrastructure and morphological classification. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 50(5):1-77; Chouchkov 1978).
156 Corpusculum lamellosum. Receptors with a highly-ordered symmetrical lamellation, found associated with skin and joint capsules. They are composed of an outer fluid-filled capsule (Schwannocytus
capsularis or Outer Schwann cell) with 20-30 concentric cellular laminae, and around the neurite, a compact inner core (Schwannocytus lamellaris or Inner Schwann cell), surrounding the fibre (there are about 60
layers of concentrically packed lamellar cells). The neurite enters the Pacini corpuscle via the Spatium intermedium fissum (Cleft intermediate space).
157 Nervus facialis proprius. New term for the peripheral part of Nervus facialis. Alternatively, the various parts of the Facial nerve may be mentioned (Pars meatica, Pars labyrinthica, Pars tympanica, Pars
pyramidalis. Pars mastoidea, Pars extracranialis) as suggested by Ronald Bleys, Utrecht; see Lang J 1992 Klinische Anatomie des Ohres. Springer, Vienna-New York). The Nervus facialis proprius would become:
Nervus facialis, Pars extracranialis.
158 Nervus sinus carotici. Given its size, the term Nervus sinus carotici (Carotid sinus nerve; see Toorop et al. 2009 J Vasc Surg 50:177-182) is more appropriate (suggested by Ronald Bleys, Utrecht).
159 Nervus accessorius. Although it was suggested that Cranial roots and Vagal communicating branches of the Nervus accessorius are uncommon (Lachman N, Acland RD, Rosse C 2002 Anatomical evidence
for the absence of a morphologically distinct cranial root of the accessory nerve in man. Clin Anat 15:4-10; Ryan S, Blyth P, Duggan N, Wild M, Al-Ali S 2007 Is the cranial accessory nerve really a portion of the
accessory nerve? Anat Sci Int 82:1-7), a recent microsurgical approach on 43 adult cadavers revealed that Cranial roots of the Accessory nerve exist in the majority of adult humans (Tubbs RS, Benninger B,
Loukas M, Cohen Gadol AA 2014 Cranial roots of the accessory nerve exist in the majority of adult humans. Clin Anat 27:102-107).
160 Ramus trapezius. The Ramus trapezius forms with branches from the cervical plexus the Plexus subtrapezialis. As the Ramus sternocleidomastoideus, this branch can be identified in the Lateral cervical
triangle.
161 Ramus posterior nervi cervicalis secundi. The first 3-4 cervical nerves form the Plexus cervicalis profundus (of Cruveilhier).

162 Nervus pectoralis medialis. A loop, the Ansa pectoralis may connect the medial and lateral pectoral nerves.
163 Ramus cutaneus posterior nervi lumbalis primi. The Nervi clunium superiores and Rami cutaneus posteriores are the same Gluteal cutaneous branches.
164 Ramus cutaneus posterior nervi sacralis primi. The Nervi clunium medii and the Ramus cutaneus posterior refer to the same gluteal cutaneous branches.
165 Ganglia paravertebralia. The Paravertebral ganglia include the Ganglia intermedia and the Ganglia trunci sympathici.
166 Ganglion cervicothoracicum. The Ganglion cervicothoracicum may be the Inferior cervical ganglion or a fusion of the Inferior cervical and the First thoracic ganglia.
167 Ganglion impar. The Sympathetic trunk often ends by forming an enlargement, the Ganglion impar, with the contralateral trunk in front of the Os coccygis.
168 Plexus perivasculares. The term Plexus perivasculares replaces Plexus periarteriales, since neural plexuses are also found around veins.
169 Plexus cavernosus. The term Lateral sellar plexus was suggested by Parkinson D (1995 J craniofac Surg 6:55-68).
170 Rami orbitales. One of these Orbital branches is the Ramus sinus cavernosi anterior, as described by Oomen KPQ, Ebbeling J, de Ru JA, Hordijk GJ, Bleys RLAW (2011) A previously undescribed branch of
the pterygopalatine ganglion. Am J Rhinol Allergy 25:1-4). Another Orbital branch has been termed Ramus sinus cavernosi posterior (Ronald Bleys, Utrecht, personal communication).
171 Plexus aorticus abdominalis. The Plexus intermesentericus is a synonym of the Plexus aorticus abdominalis; in TA as separate entries.
172 Plexus entericus aganglionaris. The enteric aganglionic plexuses are networks of nerve fibres consisting of axons and enteric glia but without regular nerve cell bodies. They exist in the mucosa (Plexus
aganglionaris mucosus), in the muscularis mucosae (Plexus aganglionaris muscularis mucosae), in the two layers of the muscular coat (circular and longitudinal muscle plexus: Plexus aganglionaris internus
muscularis and Plexus aganglionaris externus muscularis) and underneath the serosa (serosal plexus; Plexus aganglionaris serosus). The extreme aganglionic plexus (Plexus aganglionaris extremus) is situated
directly at the innermost border of the circular muscle, between the ganglionic external submucosal plexus and the inner border of the circular muscle. Some authors add this plexus to the circular muscle plexus
(Brehmer A, Rupprecht H, Neuhuber W 2010 Two submucosal nerve plexus in human intestines. Histochem Cell Biol 133:149-161).

FIPAT
TNA, Chapter III

Contents
Caput III: Organa sensuum Chapter 3: Sense organs

Organum olfactorium Olfactory organ
Organum visuale (Oculus) Visual organ (Eye)
Organum vestibulocochleare (Auris) Vestibulocochlear organ (Ear)
Organum gustatorium Gustatory organ


Caput III: ORGANA SENSUUM Chapter 3: SENSE ORGANS

3579 Organa sensuum Sense organs Sense organs
3580 Organum olfactorium Organum olfactus Olfactory organ Olfactory organ
3581 Tunica mucosa olfactoria Pars olfactoria tunicae mucosae Olfactory mucosal membrane Olfactory mucosal membrane Olfactory part of nasal mucosa;
nasi Olfactory mucosa
3582 Epithelium olfactorium Olfactory epithelium Olfactory epithelium
3583 Cellula staminalis olfactoria Olfactory stem cell Olfactory stem cell
3584 Epitheliocytus neurosensorius Olfactory sensory neuron Olfactory sensory neuron
olfactorius
3585 Dendritum Dendrite Dendrite
3586 Bulbus dendriticus Dendritic bulb Dendritic bulb
3587 Cilium Cilium Cilium
3588 Axon olfactorium Neurofibra olfactoria Olfactory axon Olfactory axon Olfactory nerve fibre; Olfactory
nerve fiber
3589 Filum olfactorium Olfactory filum Olfactory filum
3590 Epitheliocytus sustenans Supporting epithelial cell Supporting epithelial cell
3591 Epitheliocytus basalis Basal epithelial cell Basal epithelial cell
3592 Glia olfactoria Olfactory glia Olfactory glia
3593 Glandula olfactoria Olfactory gland Olfactory gland Gland of Bowman
3594 Organum visuale Oculus Visual organ Visual organ Eye

3595 BULBUS OCULI EYEBALL EYEBALL
3596 Polus anterior Anterior pole Anterior pole
3597 Polus posterior Posterior pole Posterior pole
3598 Equator Equator Equator
3599 Meridiani Meridians Meridians
3600 Axis bulbi externus External axis of eyeball External axis of eyeball
3601 Axis bulbi internus Internal axis of eyeball Internal axis of eyeball
3602 Axis opticus Optic axis Optic axis
3603 Segmentum anterius Anterior segment Anterior segment
3604 Segmentum posterius Posterior segment Posterior segment
3605 Tunica fibrosa bulbi Fibrous layer of eyeball Fibrous layer of eyeball Endnote 173
3606 Sclera Sclera Sclera
3607 Sulcus sclerae Scleral sulcus Scleral sulcus
3608 Laminae sclerae Scleral layers Scleral layers
3609 Lamina episcleralis Episcleral layer of sclera Episcleral laye of sclera
3610 Substantia propria sclerae Stroma sclerae Substantia propria of sclera Substantia propria of sclera Stroma of sclera
3611 Lamina fusca sclerae Suprachoroid layer of sclera Suprachoroid layer of sclera
3612 Lamina cribrosa sclerae Cribrosal layer of sclera Cribrosal layer of sclera
3613 Cellulae sclerae Cells of sclera Cells of sclera
3614 Melanocytus sclerae Scleral melanocyte Scleral melanocyte

3615 Limbus corneae Corneoscleral junction Corneoscleral junction Corneal Limbus
3616 Arcus lipoideus Arcus senilis; Arcus corneae Arcus lipoideus Arcus lipoideus Arcus senilis; Corneal arcus
3617 Angulus iridocornealis Iridocorneal angle Iridocorneal angle
3618 Retinaculum trabeculare Ligamentum pectinatum Trabecular meshwork Trabecular meshwork Pectinate ligament of iridocorneal Ligament of Fontana
iridosclerale iridocorneale angle; Trabecular tissue
3619 Pars corneoscleralis Corneoscleral part Corneoscleral part
3620 Pars uvealis Uveal part Uveal part
3621 Calcar sclerae Scleral spur Scleral spur
3622 Sinus venosus sclerae Scleral venous sinus Scleral venous sinus Canal of Schlemm
3623 Venulae aquosae Aqueous venules Aqueous venules Endnote 174
3624 Cornea Cornea Cornea
3625 Anulus conjunctivae Conjunctival ring Conjunctival ring
3626 Vertex corneae Corneal vertex Corneal vertex
3627 Facies anterior Anterior surface Anterior surface
3628 Facies posterior Posterior surface Posterior surface
3629 Laminae corneae Corneal layers Corneal layers
3630 Epithelium anterius corneae Anterior epithelium of cornea Anterior epithelium of cornea Corneal epithelium
3631 Lamina limitans anterior corneae Anterior limiting membrane of Anterior limiting membrane of Membrane of Bowman
cornea cornea
3632 Substantia propria corneae Stroma corneae Substantia propria of cornea Substantia propria of cornea Stroma of cornea
3633 Lamina limitans posterior corneae Posterior limiting membrane of Posterior limiting membrane of Membrane of Descemet
cornea cornea
3634 Epithelium posterius corneae Posterior epithelium of cornea Posterior epithelium of cornea Corneal endothelium
3635 Cellulae corneae Cells of cornea Cells of cornea
3636 Cellula staminalis corneae Corneal stem cell Corneal stem cell
3637 Keratocytus corneae Keratocyte of cornea Keratocyte of cornea
3638 Tunica vasculosa bulbi Uvea Vascular layer of eyeball Vascular layer of eyeball Uvea
3639 Choroidea Choroid Choroid
3640 Laminae choroideae Choroid layers Choroid layers
3641 Lamina suprachoroidea Suprachoroid layer Suprachoroid layer
3642 Spatium perichoroideum Perichoroidal space Perichoroidal space
3643 Lamina vasculosa choroideae Vascular layer of choroid Vascular layer of choroid Vascular choroidal layer Vascular layer of von Haller
3644 Lamina choroidocapillaris Choroidocapillary layer Choroidocapillary layer Capilllary lamina Membrane of Ruysch
3645 Complexus basalis choroideae Basal complex Basal complex Membrane of Bruch
3646 Lamina basalis epithelii Inner basal layer of choroid Inner basal layer of choroid
pigmentosi choroideae
3647 Stratum fibrosum internum Inner fibrous layer of choroid Inner fibrous layer of choroid
choroideae
3648 Stratum elasticum choroideae Elastic layer of choroid Elastic layer of choroid
3649 Stratum fibrosum externum Outer fibrous layer of choroid Outer fibrous layer of choroid
choroideae
3650 Lamina basalis vasis capillaris Basal lamina of capillaries of Basal lamina of capillaries of
choroideae choroid choroid
3651 Cellulae choroideae Cells of choroid Cells of choroid
3652 Melanocytus choroideus Choroidal melanocyte Choroidal melanocyte

3653 Vasa sanguinea choroideae Choroid blood vessels Choroid blood vessels
3654 Arteriae ciliares Ciliary arteries Ciliary arteries
3655 Arteriae ciliares anteriores Anterior ciliary arteries Anterior ciliary arteries
3656 Arteriae ciliares posteriores Posterior ciliary arteries Posterior ciliary arteries
3657 Arteriae ciliares posteriores Short posterior ciliary arteries Short posterior ciliary arteries
breves
3658 Circulus vasculosus nervi Vascular circle of optic nerve Vascular circle of optic nerve Vascular circle of von Haller
optici
3659 (Arteria cilioretinalis) (Cilioretinal artery) (Cilioretinal artery) Endnote 175
3660 Arteriae ciliares posteriores Long posterior ciliary arteries Long posterior ciliary arteries
longae
3661 Venae ciliares Ciliary veins Ciliary veins
3662 Venae vorticosae Vorticose veins Vorticose veins Veins of vortex Veins of Stensen
3663 Vena vorticosa superior lateralis Lateral superior vorticose vein Lateral superior vorticose vein
3664 Vena vorticosa superior medialis Medial superior vorticose vein Medial superior vorticose vein
3665 Vena vorticosa inferior lateralis Lateral inferior vorticose vein Lateral inferior vorticose vein
3666 Vena vorticosa inferior medialis Medial inferior vorticose vein Medial inferior vorticose vein
3667 Corpus ciliare Ciliary body Ciliary body
3668 Corona ciliaris Pars plicata Corona ciliaris Corona ciliaris Pars plicata
3669 Anulus ciliaris Pars plana; Orbiculus ciliaris Ciliary ring Ciliary ring Pars plana
3670 Processus ciliaris Ciliary process Ciliary process
3671 Plica ciliaris Ciliary fold Ciliary fold
3672 Laminae ciliares Layers of ciliary body Layers of ciliary body
3673 Lamina supraciliaris Supraciliary layer Supraciliary layer
3674 Musculus ciliaris Ciliary muscle Ciliary muscle
3675 Fibrae meridionales Fibrae longitudinales Meridional fibres Meridional fibers Longitudinal fibres; Longitudinal Muscle of Brücke
fibers
3676 Fibrae radiales Radial fibres Radial fibers Muscle of Rouget
3677 Fibrae circulares Circular fibres Circular fibers
3678 Stroma ciliare Cilary stroma Ciliary stroma
3679 Lamina basalis Basal layer Basal layer
3680 Epithelium ciliare Pars ciliaris retinae Ciliary epithelium Ciliary epithelium Ciliary part of retina
3681 Epithelium pigmentosum Pigmented epithelium Pigmented epithelium
3682 Epithelium nonpigmentosum Nonpigmented epithelium Nonpigmented epithelium
3683 Iris Iris Iris
3684 Margo pupillaris Pupillary margin Pupillary margin
3685 Margo ciliaris Ciliary margin Ciliary margin
3686 Facies anterior Anterior surface Anterior surface Endnote 176
3687 Zona pupillaris Pupillary zone Pupillary zone
3688 Crypta pupillae Pupillary crypt Pupillary crypt
3689 Catella Collarette Collarette
3690 Zona ciliaris Ciliary zone Ciliary zone
3691 Crypta iridis Crypt of iris Crypt of iris Crypt of Fuchs
3693 Anulus iridis major Outer border of iris Outer border of iris
3694 Anulus iridis minor Inner border of iris Inner border of iris

3695 Plicae iridis Folds of iris Folds of iris
3696 Plica circularis iridis Circular fold of iris Circular fold of iris
3697 Plica radians iridis Radial fold of iris Radial fold of iris
3698 Pupilla Pupil Pupil
3699 (Membrana pupillaris) (Pupillary membrane) (Pupillary membrane) Membrane of Wachendorff
3700 Laminae iridis Layers of iris Layers of iris
3701 Stratum limitans anterius iridis Anterior limiting layer of iris Anterior limiting layer of iris
3702 Melanocytus iridis Melanocyte of iris Melanocyte of iris
3703 Stroma iridis Stroma of iris Stroma of iris Iris stroma
3704 Stratum anterius nonvasculosum Nonvascular layer of iris Nonvascular layer of iris
iridicum
3705 Musculus sphincter pupillae Sphincter pupillae muscle Sphincter pupillae muscle Sphincter of pupil
3706 Stratum posterius vasculosum Vascular layer of iris Vascular layer of iris
iridicum
3707 Circulus arteriosus iridis major Major arterial circle of iris Major arterial circle of iris
3708 Circulus arteriosus iridis minor Minor arterial circle of iris Minor arterial circle of iris
3709 Cellula congregata Clump cell Clump cell Cell of Koganei
3710 Epithelium iridicum Epithelium of iris Epithelium of iris Iris epithelium
3711 Epithelium nonpigmentosum Nonpigmented epithelium Nonpigmented epithelium
3712 Musculus dilatator pupillae Dilator pupillae muscle Dilator pupillae muscle Dilator of pupil
3713 Myoepitheliocytus iridicus Myo-epithelial cell of iris Myoepithelial cell of iris
3714 Epithelium pigmentosum Pigmented epithelium Pigmented epithelium
3715 Pigmentocytus iridis Pigment cell of iris Pigment cell of iris
3716 Tunica interna bulbi Inner layer of eyeball Inner layer of eyeball
3717 Retina Retina Retina
3718 Pars caeca retinae Nonvisual retina Nonvisual retina
3719 Pars ciliaris retinae Ciliary part of retina Ciliary part of retina
3720 Pars iridica retinae Iridial part of retina Iridial part of retina
3721 Limbus posterior retinae Posterior border of retina Posterior border of retina
3722 Epithelium simplex Simple cuboidal pigmented Simple cuboidal pigmented
cuboideum pigmentosum limbi epithelium of iridial part of retina epithelium of iridial part of retina
posterioris
3723 Membrana basalis Superficial basement Superficial basement Endnote 177
superficialis limbi posterioris membrane of iridial part of retina membrane of iridial part of retina
3724 Pigmentocytus retinae Pigment cell of retina Pigment cell of retina
3725 Ora serrata Ora serrata Ora serrata
3726 Pars optica retinae Optic part of retina Optic part of retina
3727 Strata retinae Retinal layers Retinal layers
3728 Stratum pigmentosum retinae Pigmented layer of retina Pigmented layer of retina Retinal pigment epithelial layer
3729 Stratum nervosum retinae Neural layer of retina Neural layer of retina
3730 Stratum segmentorum Stratum bacillorum conorumque Layer of inner and outer Layer of inner and outer Layer of rods and cones
externorum et internorum retinae retinae segments of retina segments of retina
3731 Stratum limitans externum Outer limiting layer of retina Outer limiting layer of retina External limiting layer of retina Outer limiting membrane of retina
retinae
3732 Stratum nucleare externum Outer nuclear layer of retina Outer nuclear layer of retina External nuclear layer of retina

retinae
3733 Stratum plexiforme externum Outer plexiform layer of retina Outer plexiform layer of retina External plexiform layer of retina
retinae
3734 Stratum nucleare internum Inner nuclear layer of retina Inner nuclear layer of retina Internal nuclear layer of retina
retinae
3735 Stratum plexiforme internum Inner plexiform layer of retina Inner plexiform layer of retina Internal plexiform layer of retina
retinae
3736 Stratum ganglionicum retinae Ganglionic layer of retina Ganglionic layer of retina
3737 Stratum neurofibrarum retinae Layer of nerve fibres of retina Layer of nerve fibers of retina
3738 Stratum limitans internum Inner limiting layer of retina Inner limiting layer of retina Internal limiting layer of retina Internal limiting membrane of
retinae retina
3739 Discus nervi optici Papilla nervi optici Optic disc Optic disc Papilla of optic nerve
3740 Excavatio disci Optic disc excavation Optic disc excavation Excavation of optic nerve head Endnote 178
3741 Macula lutea Macula Macula
3742 Fovea centralis Central fovea Central fovea
3743 Foveola Foveola Foveola Foveal pit
3744 Stratum pigmentosum foveae Pigmented layer of fovea Pigmented layer of fovea
centralis centralis centralis
3745 Stratum nervosum foveae Nervous layer of fovea centralis Nervous layer of fovea centralis
centralis
3746 Stratum conorum foveae Layer of cones of fovea Layer of cones of fovea
centralis centralis centralis
3747 Neura retinalia Retinal neurons Retinal neurons Endnote 179
3748 Neura sensoria retinalia Photoreceptor cells Photoreceptor cells
3749 Neuron bacilliferum Bacillum retinae Rod cell Rod cell Rod
3750 Segmentum externum neuri Segmentum externum bacilli Outer segment of rod cell Outer segment of rod cell Outer segment of rod
bacilliferi retinae
3751 Discus membranaceus neuri Discus membranaceus bacilli Membranous disc of rod cell Membranous disc of rod cell Membranous disc of rod
bacilliferi retinae
3752 Ponticulus conjunctivus neuri Ponticulus conjunctivus bacilli Connecting stalk of rod cell Connecting stalk of rod cell Connecting stalk of rod
bacilliferi retinae
3753 Cilium connectens neuri Cilium connectens bacilli retinae Connecting cilium of rod cell Connecting cilium of rod cell Connecting cilium of rod
bacilliferi
3754 Spatium intersegmentale neuri Spatium intersegmentale bacilli Intersegmental space of rod cell Intersegmental space of rod Intersegmental space of rod
bacilliferi retinae cell
3755 Segmentum internum neuri Segmentum internum bacilli Inner segment of rod cell Inner segment of rod cell Inner segment of rod
bacilliferi retinae
3756 Ellipsoideum Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
3757 Myoideum Myoid Myxoid
3758 Fibra externa neuri bacilliferi Fibra externa bacilli retinae Outer rod cell fibre Outer rod cell fiber Outer rod fibre; Outer rod fiber
3759 Soma neuri bacilliferi Soma bacilli retinae Soma of rod cell Soma of rod cell Cell body of rod
3760 Processus axonalis neuri Processus axonalis bacilli retinae Axonal process of rod cell Axonal process of rod cell Axonal process of rod
bacilliferi
3761 Fibra interna neuri bacilliferi Fibra interna bacilli retinae Inner rod cell fibre Inner rod cell fiber Inner rod fibre; Inner rod fiber
3762 Spherula neuri bacilliferi Spherula bacilli retinae Rod cell spherule Rod cell spherule Rod spherule
3763 Synapsis invaginata Invaginated synapse Invaginated synapse
3764 Neuron coniferum Conus retinae Cone cell Cone cell Cone

3765 Segmentum externum neuri Segmentum externum coni retinae Outer segment of cone cell Outer segment of cone cell Outer segment of cone
coniferi
3766 Discus membranaceus neuri Discus membranaceus coni Membranous disc of cone cell Membranous disc of cone Membranous disc of cone
coniferi retinae cell
3767 Ponticulus conjunctivus neuri Ponticulus conjunctivus coni Connecting stalk of cone cell Connecting stalk of cone cell Connecting stalk of cone
coniferi retinae
3768 Cilium connectens neuri Cilium connectens coni retinae Connecting cilium of cone cell Connecting cilium of cone Connecting cilium of cone
coniferi cell
3769 Spatium intersegmentale neuri Spatium intersegmentale coni Intersegmental space of cone Intersegmental space of cone Intersegmental space of cone
coniferi retinae cell cell
3770 Segmentum internum neuri Segmentum internum coni retinae Inner segment of cone cell Inner segment of cone cell Inner segment of cone
coniferi
3771 Ellipsoideum Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
3772 Myoideum Myoid Myoid
3773 Fibra externa neuri coniferi Fibra externa coni retinae Outer cone cell fibre Outer cone cell fiber Outer cone fibre; Outer cone fiber
3774 Soma neuri coniferi Soma coni retinae Soma of cone cell Soma of cone cell Cell body of cone
3775 Processus axonalis neuri Processus axonalis coni retinae Axonal process of cone cell Axonal process of cone cell Axonal process of cone
coniferi
3776 Fibra interna neuri coniferi Fibra interna coni retinae Inner cone cell fibre Inner cone cell fiber Inner cone fibre; Inner cone fiber
3777 Pes terminalis neuri coniferi Pes terminalis coni retinae Cone cell pedicle Cone cell pedicle Cone pedicle
3778 Synapsis invaginata Invaginated synapse Invaginated synapse
3779 Conus typi L L-type cone L-type cone Long-wavelength cone; Red cone
3780 Conus typi M M-type cone M-type cone Medium-wavelength cone; Green
cone
3781 Conus typi S S-type cone S-type cone Short-wavelength cone; Blue cone
3782 Neura bipolaria Bipolar neurons Bipolar neurons
3783 Neuron bipolare bacillotopicum Rod bipolar cell Rod bipolar cell
3784 Neuron bipolare conotopicum Cone bipolar cell Cone bipolar cell Endnote 180
3785 Neuron bipolare conotopicum Midget cone bipolar cell Midget cone bipolar cell
nanum
3786 Neuron bipolare conotopicum Flat midget cone bipolar cell Flat midget cone bipolar cell
nanum planum
3787 Neuron bipolare conotopicum Invaginating midget cone Invaginating midget cone
nanum invaginans bipolar cell bipolar cell
3788 Neuron bipolare conotopicum Blue cone bipolar cell Blue cone bipolar cell S-cone bipolar cell.
nanum caeruleum
3789 Neuron bipolare conotopicum Diffuse cone bipolar cell Diffuse cone bipolar cell
diffusum
3790 Neuron bipolare conotopicum Giant bistratified cone bipolar Giant bistratified cone bipolar
bistratificatum giganteum cell cell
3791 Neuron bipolare conotopicum Nongiant diffuse cone bipolar Nongiant diffuse cone bipolar
diffusum nongiganteum cell cell
3792 Neura ganglionaria retinalia Retinal ganglion cells Retinal ganglion cells Endnote 181
3793 Neuron ganglionare umbelliforme Large-parasol-type ganglion cell Large-parasol-type ganglion cell M-type ganglion cell
magnum
3794 Neuron ganglionare umbelliforme Small-parasol-type ganglion cell Small-parasol-type ganglion cell P2-type ganglion cell Endnote 182
parvum

3795 Neuron ganglionare nanum Midget ganglion cell Midget ganglion cell P1-type ganglion cell
3796 Neura horizontalia Horizontal neurons Horizontal neurons Horizontal cells
3797 Neuron horizontale typi I Type I horizontal neuron Type I horizontal neuron
3798 Neuron horizontale typi II Type II horizontal neuron Type II horizontal neuron
3799 Neura amacrina Amacrine cells Amacrine cells Endnote 183
3800 Neuron amacrinum diffusum Diffuse amacrine cell Diffuse amacrine cell
3801 Neuron amacrinum stratificatum Stratified amacrine cell Stratified amacrine cell
3802 Neuron amacrinum bacillotopicum Rod-related amacrine cell Rod-related amacrine cell Endnote 184
3803 Neuron amacrinum Neuron amacrinum AII AII narrow-field bistratified AII narrow-field bistratified
bistratificatum campi angusti amacrine cell amacrine cell
3804 Neuron amacrinum mutuum Neuron amacrinum A17 A17 wide-field reciprocal A17 wide-field reciprocal
campi lati amacrine cell amacrine cell
3805 Neuron amacrinum Neuron amacrinum A18 A18 dopaminergic amacrine cell A18 dopaminergic amacrine cell
dopaminergicum
3806 Neuron amacrinum conotopicum Cone-related amacrine cell Cone-related amacrine cell
3807 Neuron amacrinum campi Neuron amacrinum A2 A2 narrow-field cone pathway A2 narrow-field cone pathway
angusti viae conotopicae angustae amacrine cell amacrine cell
3808 Neuron amacrinum Neuron amacrinum A8 A8 bistratified cone pathway A8 bistratified cone pathway
bistratificatum viae conotopicae amacrine cell amacrine cell
3809 Neuron amacrinum campi parvi Neuron amacrinum A13 A13 small-field amacrine cell A13 small-field amacrine cell
3810 Neuron amacrinum de - in Neuron amacrinum A19 A19 OFF-ON amacrine cell A19 OFF-ON amacrine cell
3811 Neuron amacrinum in - de Neuron amacrinum A20 A20 ON-OFF amacrine cell A20 ON-OFF amacrine cell
3812 Neuron amacrinum campi lati Neuron amacrinum A22 A22 Substance P-containing A22 Substance P-containing
substantiae P large field amacrine cell large field amacrine cell
3813 Neuron amacrinum Acetylcholine-containing starburst Acetylcholine-containing
cholinergicum amacrine cell starburst amacrine cell
3814 Neuron interplexiforme Interplexiform neuron Interplexiform neuron Endnote 185
3815 Gliocyti retinae Retinal glial cells Retinal glial cells
3816 Gliocytus radialis Radial glial cell Radial glial cell Cell of Müller
3817 Processus radialis Radial process Radial process
3818 Astrocytus protoplasmaticus Protoplasmic astrocyte Protoplasmic astrocyte
3819 Nervus opticus Optic nerve Optic nerve
3820 Pars intracranialis Intracranial part Intracranial part
3821 Pars canalis Part in canal Part in canal
3822 Pars orbitalis Orbital part Orbital part
3823 Pars intraocularis Intra-ocular part Intraocular part
3824 Pars postlaminaris Postlaminar part Postlaminar part
3825 Pars intralaminaris Intralaminar part Intralaminar part
3826 Pars prelaminaris Prelaminar part Prelaminar part
3827 Vagina externa Outer sheath Outer sheath External sheath
3828 Vagina interna Inner sheath Inner sheath Internal sheath
3829 Spatium subarachnoideum Spatium leptomeningeum Subarachnoid space Subarachnoid space Leptomeningeal space
3830 Vasa sanguinea retinae Retinal blood vessels Retinal blood vessels
3831 Arteria centralis retinae, pars Central retinal artery, intra-ocular Central retinal artery, intraocular
intraocularis part part
3832 Arteriola superior retinae Superior temporal retinal arteriole Superior temporal retinal
temporalis arteriole

3833 Arteriola inferior retinae Inferior temporal retinal arteriole Inferior temporal retinal arteriole
temporalis
3834 Arteriola superior retinae nasalis Superior nasal retinal arteriole Superior nasal retinal arteriole
3835 Arteriola inferior retinae nasalis Inferior nasal retinal arteriole Inferior nasal retinal arteriole
3836 Arteriola macularis superior Superior macular arteriole Superior macular arteriole
3837 Arteriola macularis inferior Inferior macular arteriole Inferior macular arteriole
3838 Arteriola macularis media Middle macular arteriole Middle macular arteriole
3839 Vena centralis retinae, pars Central retinal vein, intra-ocular part Central retinal vein, intraocular part
intraocularis
3840 Venula superior retinae Superior temporal retinal venule Superior temporal retinal venule
temporalis
3841 Venula inferior retinae Inferior temporal retinal venule Inferior temporal retinal venule
temporalis
3842 Venula superior retinae nasalis Superior nasal retinal venule Superior nasal retinal venule
3843 Venula inferior retinae nasalis Inferior nasal retinal venule Inferior nasal retinal venule
3844 Venula macularis superior Superior macular venule Superior macular venule
3845 Venula macularis inferior Inferior macular venule Inferior macular venule
3846 Venula macularis media Middle macular venule Middle macular venule
3847 Lens Lens Lens

3848 Substantia lentis Lens substance Lens substance
3849 Cortex lentis Cortex of lens Cortex of lens
3850 Nucleus lentis Nucleus of lens Nucleus of lens
3851 Fibrae lentis Lens fibres Lens fibers
3852 Fibra centralis lentis Central fibre of lens Central fiber of lens
3853 Fibra transitoria lentis Transitory fibre of lens Transitory fiber of lens
3854 Fibra principalis lentis Principal fibre of lens Principal fiber of lens
3855 Filamentum filensini Filensin filament Filensin filament
3856 Filamentum phakinini Phakinin filament Phakinin filament
3857 Epithelium lentis Lens epithelium Lens epithelium
3858 Capsula lentis Capsule of lens Capsule of lens
3859 Polus anterior Anterior pole Anterior pole
3860 Polus posterior Posterior pole Posterior pole
3861 Facies anterior Anterior surface Anterior surface
3863 Axis Axis Axis
3864 Equator Equator Equator
3865 Radii Radii Radii
3866 Zonula ciliaris Ligamentum suspensorium lentis Ciliary zonule Ciliary zonule Suspensory ligament of lens Suspensory ligament of Zinn
3867 Fibrae zonulares Zonular fibres Zonular fibers
3868 Spatia zonularia Zonular spaces Zonular spaces Canal/Spaces of Hannover/Petit
3869 Camerae bulbi Chambers of eyeball Chambers of eyeball

3870 Humor aquosus Aqueous humor Aqueous humor
3871 Camera anterior bulbi Anterior chamber of eyeball Anterior chamber of eyeball
3872 Angulus iridocornealis Iridocorneal angle Iridocorneal angle

3873 Spatia anguli iridocornealis Spaces of iridocorneal angle Spaces of iridocorneal angle Spaces of Fontana
3874 Camera posterior bulbi Posterior chamber of eyeball Posterior chamber of eyeball
3875 Camera postrema bulbi Camera vitrea Postremal chamber of eyeball Postremal chamber of eyeball Vitreous chamber
3876 Spatium retrozonulare Retrozonular space Retrozonular space
3877 Corpus vitreum Vitreous body Vitreous body
3878 Hyalocytus Hyalocyte Hyalocyte
3879 Membrana vitrea Vitreous membrane Vitreous membrane
3880 Stroma vitreum Vitreous stroma Vitreous stroma Stroma of Retzius
3881 Humor vitreus Vitreous humor Vitreous humor
3882 (Arteria hyaloidea) (Hyaloid artery) (Hyaloid artery)
3883 Canalis hyaloideus Hyaloid canal Hyaloid canal Canal of Cloquet/Stilling
3884 Fossa hyaloidea Hyaloid fossa Hyaloid fossa
3885 STRUCTURAE OCULI ACCESSORY VISUAL ACCESSORY VISUAL

ACCESSORIAE STRUCTURES STRUCTURES
3886 Fasciae orbitales Orbital fasciae Orbital fasciae
3887 Periorbita Periorbita Periorbita
3888 Membrana orbitalis Orbital membrane Orbital membrane Endnote 186
3889 Musculus orbitalis Orbitalis muscle Orbitalis muscle Orbitalis
3890 Septum orbitale Orbital septum Orbital septum
3891 Vagina bulbi Fascial sheath of eyeball Fascial sheath of eyeball Bulbar sheath Capsule of Tenon
3892 Ligamentum suspensorium bulbi Suspensory ligament of eyeball Suspensory ligament of eyeball Ligament of Lockwood
3893 Spatium episclerale Episcleral space Episcleral space
3894 Corpus adiposum orbitae Retrobulbar fat body Retrobulbar fat body Orbital fat body
3895 Fasciae musculares bulbi Muscular fascia Muscular fascia
3896 Musculi externi bulbi oculi Extra-ocular muscles Extraocular muscles Extrinsic muscles of eyeball
3897 Musculus rectus superior Superior rectus muscle Superior rectus muscle Superior rectus
3898 Musculus rectus inferior Inferior rectus muscle Inferior rectus muscle Inferior rectus
3899 Musculus rectus medialis Medial rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle Medial rectus
3900 Musculus rectus lateralis Lateral rectus muscle Lateral rectus muscle Lateral rectus
3901 Lacertus musculi recti lateralis Check ligament of lateral rectus Check ligament of lateral rectus Check ligament of lateral rectus
muscle muscle
3902 Anulus tendineus communis Common tendinous ring Common tendinous ring Common anular tendon Anulus of Zinn
3903 Musculus obliquus superior Superior oblique muscle Superior oblique muscle Superior oblique
3904 Trochlea Trochlea Trochlea
3905 Vagina tendinis musculi obliqui Tendinous sheath of superior Tendinous sheath of superior Tendonious sheath of superior
superioris oblique muscle oblique muscle oblique
3906 Musculus obliquus inferior Inferior oblique muscle Inferior oblique muscle Inferior oblique
3907 Musculus levator palpebrae Levator palpebrae superioris Levator palpebrae superioris Levator palpebrae superioris
superioris muscle muscle
3908 Lamina superficialis Superficial layer Superficial layer
3909 Lamina profunda Musculus tarsalis superior Deep layer Deep layer Superior tarsal muscle Muscle of Müller;
Endnote 187
3910 Supercilium Eyebrow Eyebrow

3911 Palpebrae Eyelids Eyelids
3912 Palpebra superior Superior eyelid Superior eyelid Upper eyelid
3913 Palpebra inferior Inferior eyelid Inferior eyelid Lower eyelid
3914 Facies anterior palpebrae Anterior surface of eyelid Anterior surface of eyelid
3915 Plica palpebronasalis Palpebronasal fold Palpebronasal fold Medial canthic fold
3916 Facies posterior palpebrae Posterior surface of eyelid Posterior surface of eyelid
3917 Rima palpebrarum Palpebral fissure Palpebral fissure
3918 Commissura lateralis palpebrarum Lateral palpebral commissure Lateral palpebral commissure
3919 Commissura medialis palpebrarum Medial palpebral commissure Medial palpebral commissure
3920 Angulus lateralis oculi Lateral angle of eye Lateral angle of eye Lateral canthus of eye
3921 Angulus medialis oculi Medial angle of eye Medial angle of eye Medial canthus of eye
3922 Limbus anterior palpebrae Anterior palpebral margin Anterior palpebral margin
3923 Limbus posterior palpebrae Posterior palpebral margin Posterior palpebral margin
3924 Cilia palpebrae Eyelashes Eyelashes
3925 Glandula sebacea ciliaris Ciliary sebaceous gland Ciliary sebaceous gland Gland of Zeis
3926 Dermis palpebrae Dermis of eyelid Dermis of eyelid Corium of eyelid
3927 Tarsus superior Superior tarsus Superior tarsus
3928 Tarsus inferior Inferior tarsus Inferior tarsus
3929 Ligamentum palpebrale laterale Ligamentum canthi laterale Lateral palpebral ligament Lateral palpebral ligament Lateral canthic ligament
3930 Ligamentum palpebrale mediale Ligamentum canthi mediale Medial palpebral ligament Medial palpebral ligament Medial canthic ligament
3931 Pars superficialis Anterior attachment Anterior attachment
3932 Pars profunda Posterior attachment Posterior attachment
3933 Glandula sebacea tarsalis Tarsal sebaceous gland Tarsal sebaceous gland Gland of Meibom
3934 Glandula ciliaris Glandula sudorifera palpebralis Ciliary gland Ciliary gland Palpebral sweat gland Gland of Moll
3935 Musculus tarsalis superior Superior tarsal muscle Superior tarsal muscle Muscle of Müller
3936 Musculus tarsalis inferior Inferior tarsal muscle Inferior tarsal muscle
3937 Tunica conjunctiva Conjunctiva Conjunctiva

3938 Plica semilunaris Plica semilunaris Plica semilunaris
3939 Caruncula lacrimalis Lacrimal caruncle Lacrimal caruncle
3940 Tunica conjunctiva bulbi Bulbar conjunctiva Bulbar conjunctiva
3941 Tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum Palpebral conjunctiva Palpebral conjunctiva
3942 Fornix conjunctivae superior Superior conjunctival fornix Superior conjunctival fornix
3943 Fornix conjunctivae inferior Inferior conjunctival fornix Inferior conjunctival fornix
3944 Saccus conjunctivalis Conjunctival sac Conjunctival sac
3945 Glandula conjunctivalis Conjunctival gland Conjunctival gland Gland of Henle
3946 Epithelium stratificatum Nonkeratinized squamous Nonkeratinized squamous
squamosum noncornificatum epithelium of conjunctiva epithelium of conjunctiva
tunicae conjunctivae
3947 Exocrinocytus caliciformis Goblet cell Goblet cell
3948 Tela subconjunctivalis Subconjunctival layer Subconjunctival layer
3949 Apparatus lacrimalis Lacrimal apparatus Lacrimal apparatus

3950 Glandula lacrimalis Lacrimal gland Lacrimal gland
3951 Pars orbitalis Orbital part Orbital part

3952 Pars palpebralis Palpebral part Palpebral part
3953 Acinus lacrimalis Lacrimal acinus Lacrimal acinus
3954 Lacrimocytus Secretory cell of lacrimal gland Secretory cell of lacrimal gland
3955 Myoepitheliocytus lacrimalis Myo-epithelial cell of lacrimal Myoepithelial cell of lacrimal
gland gland
3956 Ductus intralobularis glandulae Intralobular duct of lacrimal gland Intralobular duct of lacrimal gland
lacrimalis
3957 Ductus interlobularis glandulae Interlobular duct of lacrimal gland Interlobular duct of lacrimal gland
lacrimalis
3958 Ductus excretorius Excretory duct of lacrimal gland Excretory duct of lacrimal gland
3959 (Glandula lacrimalis accessoria) (Accessory lacrimal gland) (Accessory lacrimal gland) Gland of Krause/Wolfring
3960 Rivus lacrimalis Lacrimal pathway Lacrimal pathway
3961 Lacus lacrimalis Lacus lacrimalis Lacus lacrimalis Lacrimal lake
3962 Papilla lacrimalis Lacrimal papilla Lacrimal papilla
3963 Punctum lacrimale Lacrimal punctum Lacrimal punctum
3964 Canaliculus lacrimalis communis Common lacrimal canaliculus Common lacrimal canaliculus Endnote 188
3965 Canaliculus lacrimalis superior Superior lacrimal canaliculus Superior lacrimal canaliculus
3966 Ampulla canaliculi lacrimalis Ampulla of superior lacrimal Ampulla of superior lacrimal
superioris canaliculus canaliculus
3967 Canaliculus lacrimalis inferior Inferior lacrimal canaliculus Inferior lacrimal canaliculus
3968 Ampulla canaliculi lacrimalis Ampulla of inferior lacrimal Ampulla of inferior lacrimal
inferioris canaliculus canaliculus
3969 Saccus lacrimalis Lacrimal sac Lacrimal sac
3970 Fornix sacci lacrimalis Fornix of lacrimal sac Fornix of lacrimal sac Sinus of Maier
3971 Ductus nasolacrimalis Nasolacrimal duct Nasolacrimal duct
3972 Plica lacrimalis Lacrimal fold Lacrimal fold Fold or Valve of Hasner
3973 Organum vestibulocochleare Auris Vestibulocochlear organ Vestibulocochlear organ Ear

3974 AURIS EXTERNA EXTERNAL EAR EXTERNAL EAR
3975 Auricula Auricle Auricle Pinna
3976 Facies lateralis Lateral surface Lateral surface
3977 Facies medialis Medial surface Medial surface
3978 Lobulus auriculae Lobule of auricle Lobule of auricle Lobe of ear
3979 Cartilago auriculae Auricular cartilage Auricular cartilage
3980 Helix Helix Helix
3981 Crus helicis Crus of helix Crus of helix
3982 Spina helicis Spine of helix Spine of helix
3983 Cauda helicis Tail of helix Tail of helix
3984 Antihelix Antihelix Antihelix
3985 Fossa triangularis Triangular fossa Triangular fossa
3986 Crura antihelicis Crura of antihelix Crura of antihelix
3987 Scapha Scapha Scapha
3988 Concha auriculae Concha of auricle Concha of auricle
3989 Cymba conchae Cymba of concha Cymba of concha
3990 Cavitas conchae Cavum conchae Cavity of concha Cavity of concha
3991 Antitragus Antitragus Antitragus

3992 Tragus Tragus Tragus
3993 Incisura anterior Anterior notch Anterior notch
3994 Incisura intertragica Intertragic incisure Intertragic incisure Intertragic notch
3995 (Tuberculum auriculare) (Auricular tubercle) (Auricular tubercle) Tubercle of Darwin
3996 (Apex auriculae) (Apex of auricle) (Apex of auricle) (Tip of ear)
3997 Sulcus posterior auriculae Posterior auricular groove Posterior auricular groove
3998 (Tuberculum supratragicum) (Supratragic tubercle) (Supratragic tubercle)
3999 Isthmus cartilaginis auricularis Isthmus of cartilaginous auricle Isthmus of cartilaginous auricle
4000 Incisura terminalis auriculae Terminal notch of auricle Terminal notch of auricle
4001 Fissura antitragohelicina Fissura antitragohelicina Fissura antitragohelicina
4002 Sulcus cruris helicis Groove of crus of helix Groove of crus of helix
4003 Fossa antihelica Fossa antihelica Fossa antihelica Antihelical fossa
4004 Eminentia conchae Eminence of concha Eminence of concha Conchal eminence
4005 Eminentia scaphae Eminence of scapha Eminence of scapha Scaphoid eminence
4006 Eminentia fossae triangularis Eminence of fossa triangularis Eminence of fossa triangularis Triangular fossa eminence
4007 Ligamenta auricularia Ligaments of auricle Ligaments of auricle

4008 Ligamentum auriculare anterius Anterior ligament of auricle Anterior ligament of auricle Ligament of Valsalva
4009 Ligamentum auriculare superius Superior ligament of auricle Superior ligament of auricle
4010 Ligamentum auriculare posterius Posterior ligament of auricle Posterior ligament of auricle
4011 Musculi auriculares Auricular muscles Auricular muscles

4012 Musculus helicis major Helicis major muscle Helicis major muscle Helicis major
4013 Musculus helicis minor Helicis minor muscle Helicis minor muscle Helicis minor
4014 Musculus tragicus Tragicus muscle Tragicus muscle Tragicus
4015 (Musculus incisurae terminalis) (Muscle of terminal notch) (Muscle of terminal notch) Muscle of Santorini
4016 Musculus pyramidalis auriculae Pyramidal muscle of auricle Pyramidal muscle of auricle Muscle of Jung
4017 Musculus antitragicus Antitragicus muscle Antitragicus muscle Antitragicus
4018 Musculus transversus auriculae Transverse muscle of auricle Transverse muscle of auricle
4019 Musculus obliquus auriculae Oblique muscle of auricle Oblique muscle of auricle
4020 Meatus acusticus externus External acoustic meatus External acoustic meatus
4021 Porus acusticus externus External acoustic pore External acoustic pore External acoustic aperture
4022 Incisura tympanica Tympanic notch Tympanic notch Notch of Rivinus
4023 Meatus acusticus externus Cartilaginous external acoustic Cartilaginous external acoustic
cartilagineus meatus meatus
4024 Cartilago meatus acustici externi Cartilage of external acoustic Cartilage of external acoustic
meatus meatus
4025 Incisura cartilaginis meatus Fissure in cartilage of external Fissure in cartilage of external Fissures of Santorini
acustici externi acoustic meatus acoustic meatus
4026 Isthmus meatus acustici externi Isthmus of external acoustic Isthmus of external acoustic Endnote 189
meatus meatus
4027 Lamina tragi Tragal lamina Tragal lamina
4028 Glandula ceruminosa Ceruminous gland Ceruminous gland
4029 Ceruminocytus Secretory cell Secretory cell
4030 Cerumen Cerumen Cerumen

4031 Myoepitheliocytus fusiformis Fusiform myo-epithelial cell Fusiform myoepithelial cell
4032 Glandula sebacea Sebaceous gland Sebaceous gland
4033 Membrana tympani Tympanic membrane Tympanic membrane

4034 Pars flaccida Pars flaccida Pars flaccida Membrane of Shrapnell
4035 Pars tensa Pars tensa Pars tensa
4036 Plica mallearis anterior Anterior mallear fold Anterior mallear fold Anterior malleolar fold
4037 Plica mallearis posterior Posterior mallear fold Posterior mallear fold Posterior malleolar fold
4038 Prominentia mallearis Mallear prominence Mallear prominence Malleolar prominence
4039 Stria mallearis Mallear stria Mallear stria Malleolar stria
4040 Umbo membranae tympani Umbo of tympanic membrane Umbo of tympanic membrane
4041 Anulus fibrocartilagineus Fibrocartilaginous ring Fibrocartilaginous ring
4042 Laminae membranae tympani Layers of tympanic membrane Layers of tympanic membrane
4043 Stratum mucosum membranae Mucosal layer of tympanic Mucosal layer of tympanic
tympani membrane membrane
4044 Stratum fibrosum membranae Fibrous layer of tympanic Fibrous layer of tympanic
4045 Fibra circularis interna Internal circular fibre Internal circular fiber
4046 Fibra radiata externa External radiating fibre External radiating fiber
4047 Stratum cutaneum membranae Cutaneous layer of tympanic Cutaneous layer of tympanic
4048 AURIS MEDIA MIDDLE EAR MIDDLE EAR

4049 Cavitas tympani Tympanic cavity Tympanic cavity
4050 Divisiones Subdivisions Subdivisions
4051 Recessus epitympanicus Pars epitympanica Epitympanic recess Epitympanic recess Epitympanum
4052 Pars cupularis Cupular part Cupular part
4053 Cavitas tympani propria Pars mesotympanica Tympanic cavity proper Tympanic cavity proper Mesotympanum
4054 Recessus hypotympanicus Pars hypotympanica Hypotympanic recess Hypotympanic recess Hypotympanum
4055 Protympanum Protympanum Protympanum Pars ossea of tuba auditiva.
4056 Paries Walls Walls
4057 Paries tegmentalis Tegmen tympani Tegmental wall Tegmental wall Tegmental roof; Tegmen tympani
4058 Paries jugularis Jugular wall Jugular wall Floor
4059 Apertura tympanica canalis nervi Tympanic aperture of minor Tympanic aperture of minor
petrosi minoris petrous nerve canal petrous nerve canal
4060 Prominentia styloidea Styloid prominence Styloid prominence
4061 Paries labyrinthicus Labyrinthine wall Labyrinthine wall Medial wall
4062 Fenestra vestibuli Fenestra ovalis Vestibular window Vestibular window Oval window
4063 Fossula fenestrae vestibuli Fossula fenestrae ovalis Fossa of vestibular window Fossa of vestibular window Fossa of oval window; Oval
window niche
4064 Promontorium tympani Promontory of tympanic cavity Promontory of tympanic cavity
4065 Sulcus promontorii Groove of promontory Groove of promontory
4066 Subiculum promontorii Subiculum of promontory Subiculum of promontory
4067 Ponticulus promontorii Ponticle of promontory Ponticle of promontory Endnote 190
4068 Sinus tympani Sinus of tympanic cavity Sinus of tympanic cavity
4069 Fenestra cochleae Fenestra rotunda Cochlear window Cochlear window Round window

4070 Fossula fenestrae cochleae Fossula fenestrae rotundae Fossa of cochlear window Fossa of cochlear window Fossa of round window; Round
window niche
4071 Crista fenestrae cochleae Crista fenestrae rotundae Crest of cochlear window Crest of cochlear window Crest of round window
4072 Processus cochleariformis Cochleariform process Cochleariform process
4073 Membrana tympani secundaria Secondary tympanic membrane Secondary tympanic membrane
4074 Paries mastoideus Mastoid wall Mastoid wall Posterior wall
4075 Aditus antri mastoidei Aditus to mastoid antrum Aditus to mastoid antrum Aditus ad antrum mastoideum
4076 Prominentia canalis Prominence of lateral Prominence of lateral
semicircularis lateralis semicircular canal semicircular canal
4077 Prominentia canalis nervi Prominence of facial canal Prominence of facial canal
facialis
4078 Eminentia pyramidalis Pyramidal eminence Pyramidal eminence
4079 Fossa incudis Fossa of incus Fossa of incus
4080 Sinus posterior Posterior sinus Posterior sinus
4081 Aperturae tympanicae canaliculi Tympanic apertures of Tympanic apertures of Endnote 191
chordae tympani canaliculus for chorda tympani canaliculus for chorda tympani
4082 Apertura tympanica canaliculi Posterior aperture of chorda Posterior aperture of chorda
chordae tympani posterior tympani canaliculus tympani canaliculus
4083 Apertura tympanica canaliculi Anterior aperture of chorda Anterior aperture of chorda .
chordae tympani anterior tympani canaliculus tympani canaliculus
4084 Antrum mastoideum Mastoid antrum Mastoid antrum
4085 Cellulae mastoideae Mastoid cells Mastoid cells
4086 Cellulae tympanicae Tympanic cells Tympanic cells
4087 Paries caroticus Carotid wall Carotid wall Anterior wall
4088 Paries membranaceus Membranous wall Membranous wall Lateral wall
4089 Ossicula auditus Ossicula auditoria Auditory ossicles Auditory ossicles

4090 Stapes Stapes Stapes
4091 Caput stapedis Head of stapes Head of stapes Capitulum
4092 Crus anterius Anterior limb Anterior limb
4093 Crus posterius Posterior limb Posterior limb
4094 Basis stapedis Base of stapes Base of stapes Footplate
4095 Incus Incus Incus
4096 Corpus incudis Body of incus Body of incus
4097 Crus longum Long limb Long limb Long process
4098 Processus lenticularis Lenticular process Lenticular process
4099 Crus breve Short limb Short limb Short process
4100 Malleus Malleus Malleus
4101 Manubrium mallei Handle of malleus Handle of malleus Manubrium
4102 Processus spatuliformis Spatulate process Spatulate process Endnote 192
4103 Caput mallei Head of malleus Head of malleus
4104 Collum mallei Neck of malleus Neck of malleus
4105 Processus lateralis Lateral process Lateral process
4106 Processus anterior Anterior process Anterior process Process of Folli/Rau
4107 Articulationes ossiculorum Articulationes ossiculorum Articulations of auditory ossicles Articulations of auditory

auditus auditoriorum ossicles
4108 Articulatio incudomallearis Incudomallear joint Incudomallear joint
4109 Articulatio incudostapedialis Incudostapedial joint Incudostapedial joint
4110 Syndesmosis tympanostapedialis Tympanostapedial syndesmosis Tympanostapedial syndesmosis
4111 Ligamenta ossiculorum auditus Ligamenta ossiculorum Ligaments of auditory ossicles Ligaments of auditory ossicles
auditoriorum.
4112 Ligamentum mallei anterius Anterior ligament of malleus Anterior ligament of malleus Ligament of Casserio
4113 Ligamentum mallei superius Superior ligament of malleus Superior ligament of malleus
4114 Ligamentum mallei laterale Lateral ligament of malleus Lateral ligament of malleus
4115 Ligamentum incudis superius Superior ligament of incus Superior ligament of incus
4116 Ligamentum incudis posterius Posterior ligament of incus Posterior ligament of incus
4117 Membrana stapedia Stapedial membrane Stapedial membrane
4118 Ligamentum anulare stapediale Anular ligament of stapes Anular ligament of stapes
4119 Musculi ossiculorum auditus Musculi ossiculorum Muscles of auditory ossicles Muscles of auditory ossicles
auditoriorum
4120 Musculus tensor tympani Tensor tympani muscle Tensor tympani muscle Tensor tympani Muscle of Eustachi
4121 Musculus stapedius Stapedius muscle Stapedius muscle Stapedius
4122 Tunica mucosa cavitatis Mucosa of tympanic cavity Mucosa of tympanic cavity
tympani
4123 Plica mallearis posterior Posterior fold of malleus Posterior fold of malleus Posterior mallear fold
4124 Plica mallearis anterior Anterior fold of malleus Anterior fold of malleus Anterior mallear fold
4125 Plica chordae tympani Fold of chorda tympani Fold of chorda tympani
4126 Recessus membranae tympani Recesses of tympanic membrane Recesses of tympanic membrane
4127 Recessus anterior Anterior recess Anterior recess Space of Troeltsch
4128 Recessus superior Superior recess Superior recess Space of Prussak
4129 Recessus posterior Posterior recess Posterior recess Space of Troeltsch
4130 Plica incudis Fold of incus Fold of incus
4131 Plica stapedia Fold of stapedius Fold of stapedius
4132 Laminae Layers Layers
4133 Epithelium simplex columnare Simple columnar epithelium of Simple columnar epithelium of
cavitatis tympani tympanic cavity tympanic cavity
4134 Epitheliocytus ciliatus Ciliated epithelial cell Ciliated epithelial cell
4135 Epithelium simplex squamosum Simple squamous epithelium of Simple squamous epithelium of
cavitatis tympani tympanic cavity tympanic cavity
4136 Tuba auditiva Tuba auditoria Auditory tube Auditory tube Pharyngotympanic tube Tube of Eustachi
4137 Ostium tympanicum tubae Ostium tympanicum tubae Tympanic opening of auditory tube Tympanic opening of auditory tube
auditivae auditoriae
4138 Pars ossea Bony part Bony part
4139 Isthmus tubae auditivae Isthmus tubae auditoriae Isthmus of auditory tube Isthmus of auditory tube
4140 Cellulae pneumaticae Tubal air cells Tubal air cells
4141 Tunica mucosa Mucosa Mucosa Mucous membrane
4142 Epithelium simplex columnare Simple columnar epithelium of Simple columnar epithelium of

tubae auditivae auditory tube auditory tube
4144 Pars cartilaginea Cartilaginous part Cartilaginous part
4145 Cartilago tubae auditivae Cartilago tubae auditoriae Cartilage of auditory tube Cartilage of auditory tube
4146 Lamina medialis Medial lamina Medial lamina
4147 Lamina lateralis Lateral lamina Lateral lamina
4148 Lamina membranacea Membranous lamina Membranous lamina
4149 Corpus adiposum tubae auditivae Corpus adiposum tubae auditoriae Fat body of auditory tube Fat body of auditory tube Endnote 193
4150 Tunica mucosa Mucosa Mucosa Mucous membrane
4151 Epithelium pseudostratificatum Pseudostratified epithelium of Pseudostratified epithelium of
tubae auditivae auditory tube auditory tube
4153 Glandula tubaria Tubal gland Tubal gland
4154 Ostium pharyngeum tubae Ostium pharyngeum tubae Pharyngeal opening of auditory Pharyngeal opening of auditory
auditivae auditoriae tube tube
4155 AURIS INTERNA INTERNAL EAR INTERNAL EAR Inner ear

4156 Labyrinthus osseus Bony labyrinth Bony labyrinth
4157 Vestibulum Vestibule Vestibule
4158 Recessus ellipticus Recessus utricularis Elliptical recess Elliptical recess Utricular recess
4159 Apertura interna canaliculi Internal opening of vestibular Internal opening of vestibular
vestibuli canaliculus canaliculus
4160 Crista vestibuli Vestibular crest Vestibular crest
4161 Pyramis vestibuli Pyramid of vestibule Pyramid of vestibule
4162 Recessus sphericus Recessus saccularis Spherical recess Spherical recess Saccular recess
4163 Recessus cochlearis Cochlear recess Cochlear recess
4164 Maculae cribrosae Maculae cribrosae Maculae cribrosae
4165 Macula cribrosa superior Macula cribrosa superior Macula cribrosa superior Endnote 194
4166 Macula cribrosa media Macula cribrosa media Macula cribrosa media
4167 Macula cribrosa inferior Macula cribrosa inferior Macula cribrosa inferior
4168 Canales semicirculares Semicircular canals Semicircular canals
4169 Canalis semicircularis anterior Anterior semicircular canal Anterior semicircular canal
4170 Ampulla ossea anterior Anterior bony ampulla Anterior bony ampulla
4171 Canalis semicircularis posterior Posterior semicircular canal Posterior semicircular canal
4172 Ampulla ossea posterior Posterior bony ampulla Posterior bony ampulla
4173 Crus osseum commune Common bony limb Common bony limb
4174 Crura ossea ampullaria Ampullary bony limbs Ampullary bony limbs
4175 Canalis semicircularis lateralis Lateral semicircular canal Lateral semicircular canal
4176 Ampulla ossea lateralis Lateral bony ampulla Lateral bony ampulla
4177 Crus osseum simplex Simple bony limb Simple bony limb
4178 Cochlea Cochlea Cochlea
4179 Cupula cochleae Cochlear cupula Cochlear cupula
4180 Basis cochleae Base of cochlea Base of cochlea
4181 Canalis spiralis cochleae Spiral canal of cochlea Spiral canal of cochlea
4182 Lamina spiralis ossea Osseous spiral lamina Osseous spiral lamina
4183 Lamella vestibularis Vestibular lamella Vestibular lamella

4184 Lamella tympanica Tympanic lamella Tympanic lamella
4185 Habenula perforata Habenula perforata Habenula perforata
4186 Hamulus laminae spiralis Hamulus of spiral lamina Hamulus of spiral lamina
4187 Lamina spiralis secundaria Secondary spiral lamina Secondary spiral lamina
4188 Apertura interna canaliculi Internal opening of cochlear Internal opening of cochlear
cochleae canaliculus canaliculus
4189 Septum cochleae Cochlear septum Cochlear septum
4190 Modiolus cochleae Modiolus Modiolus
4191 Basis modioli Base of modiolus Base of modiolus
4192 Lamina modioli Lamina of modiolus Lamina of modiolus
4193 Canalis spiralis modioli Spiral canal of modiolus Spiral canal of modiolus Canal of Rosenthal
4194 Canales longitudinales modioli Longitudinal canals of modiolus Longitudinal canals of modiolus
4195 Scala vestibuli Scala vestibuli Scala vestibuli
4196 Helicotrema Helicotrema Helicotrema Orifice of Scarpa
4197 Scala tympani Scala tympani Scala tympani
4198 Meatus acusticus internus Internal acoustic meatus Internal acoustic meatus
4199 Porus acusticus internus Internal acoustic opening Internal acoustic opening
4200 Fundus meatus acustici interni Fundus of internal acoustic meatus Fundus of internal acoustic meatus
4201 Crista transversa Transverse crest Transverse crest
4202 Area nervi facialis Facial area Facial area
4203 Crista verticalis Vertical crest Vertical crest Endnote 195
4204 Area vestibularis superior Superior vestibular area Superior vestibular area
4205 Area vestibularis inferior Inferior vestibular area Inferior vestibular area
4206 Foramen singulare Foramen singulare Foramen singulare
4207 Area cochlearis Area cochleae Cochlear area Cochlear area
4208 Tractus spiralis foraminosus Tractus spiralis foraminosus Tractus spiralis foraminosus
4209 Spatium perilymphaticum Perilymphatic space Perilymphatic space
4210 Textus reticularis laxus Loose reticular perilymphatic tissue Loose reticular perilymphatic tissue
perilymphaticus
4211 Trabecula perilymphatica Perilymphatic trabecula Perilymphatic trabecula
4212 Perilympha Perilymph Perilymph
4213 Aqueductus vestibuli Vestibular aqueduct Vestibular aqueduct
4214 Aqueductus cochleae Cochlear aqueduct Cochlear aqueduct
4215 Labyrinthus membranaceus Membranous labyrinth Membranous labyrinth

4216 Spatium endolymphaticum Endolymphatic space Endolymphatic space
4217 Endolympha Endolymph Endolymph
4218 Labyrinthus vestibularis Vestibular labyrinth Vestibular labyrinth
4219 Utriculus Utricle Utricle
4220 Recessus utricularis Recessus utriculi Utricular recess Utricular recess
4221 Sacculus Saccule Saccule
4222 Ductus semicirculares Semicircular ducts Semicircular ducts Membranous semicircular ducts
4223 Ductus semicircularis anterior Anterior semicircular duct Anterior semicircular duct
4224 Ampulla membranacea anterior Anterior membranous ampulla Anterior membranous ampulla
4225 Ductus semicircularis posterior Posterior semicircular duct Posterior semicircular duct
4226 Ampulla membranacea posterior Posterior membranous ampulla Posterior membranous ampulla

4227 Crus membranaceum commune Common membranous limb Common membranous limb
4228 Crura membranacea ampullaria Ampullary membranous limbs Ampullary membranous limbs
4229 Ductus semicircularis lateralis Lateral semicircular duct Lateral semicircular duct
4230 Ampulla membranacea lateralis Lateral membranous ampulla Lateral membranous ampulla
4231 Crus membranaceum simplex Simple membranous limb Simple membranous limb
4232 Cellulae ductus semicircularis Cells of semicircular duct Cells of semicircular duct
4233 Vestibulocytus Cellula sensoria pilosa Vestibular hair cell Vestibular hair cell Vestibular sensory cell
4234 Kinocilium vestibulocyti Kinocilium of vestibular hair cell Kinocilium of vestibular hair cell
4235 Stereocilium vestibulocyti Stereocilium of vestibular hair cell Stereocilium of vestibular hair
cell
4236 Vincula stereocilii Stereociliar links Stereociliar links
4237 Vinculum apicale Tip link Tip link
4238 Vinculum laterale Side link Side link
4239 Lamina cuticularis apicalis Apical cuticular plate Apical cuticular plate
4240 Vestibulocytus typi I Vestibulocytus piriformis Type 1 vestibular hair cell Type 1 vestibular hair cell Type 1 vestibular sensory cell
4241 Calyx nervosus afferens Afferent nerve calyx Afferent nerve calyx
4242 Vestibulocytus typi II Vestibulocytus columnaris Type 2 vestibular hair cell Type 2 vestibular hair cell Type 2 vestibulae sensory cell
4243 Vestibulocytus sustenans Vestibular supporting cell Vestibular supporting cell
4244 Ductus utriculosaccularis Utriculosaccular duct Utriculosaccular duct
4245 Ductus utricularis Utricular duct Utricular duct
4246 Ductus saccularis Saccular duct Saccular duct
4247 Ductus endolymphaticus Endolymphatic duct Endolymphatic duct
4248 Saccus endolymphaticus Endolymphatic sac Endolymphatic sac
4249 Ductus reuniens Ductus reuniens Ductus reuniens Duct of Hensen
4250 Membrana nonsensoria labyrinthi Nonsensory surface Nonsensory surface Unspecialized surface
4251 Epithelium simplex cuboideum Simple cuboidal epithelium of Simple cuboidal epithelium of Simple cuboidal epithelium of
membranae nonsensoriae nonsensory surface of labyrinth nonsensory surface of labyrinth unspecialized surface of labyrinth
labyrinthi
4252 Cellula obscura sacci Dark cell of endolymphatic sac Dark cell of endolymphatic sac
endolymphatici
4253 Cellula clara sacci Clear cell of endolymphatic sac Clear cell of endolymphatic sac
endolymphatici
4254 Stratum vasculare laxum Loose vascular layer Loose vascular layer
4255 Stratum fibrosum externum Outer fibrous layer Outer fibrous layer
4256 Maculae Maculae Maculae
4257 Macula utriculi Macula of utricle Macula of utricle
4258 Macula sacculi Macula of saccule Macula of saccule
4259 Membrana statoconiorum Statoconial membrane Statoconial membrane Otolithic membrane
4260 Stratum externum membranae Outer sheath of statoconial Outer sheath of statoconial
statoconiorum membrane membrane
4261 Statoconium Statoconium Statoconium Otolith
4262 Stratum internum gelatinosum Inner sheath of statoconial Inner sheath of statoconial Gelatinous layer of statoconial
membranae statoconiorum membrane membrane membrane
4263 Striola Striola Striola
4264 Crista ampullaris Ampullary crest Ampullary crest
4265 Sulcus ampullaris Ampullary groove Ampullary groove

4266 Cupula ampullaris Ampullary cupula Ampullary cupula
4267 Planum semilunatum Semilunate plane Semilunate plane
4268 Labyrinthus cochlearis Cochlear labyrinth Cochlear labyrinth
4269 Ductus cochlearis Scala media Cochlear duct Cochlear duct Scala media Canal of Reissner
4270 Paries vestibularis Vestibular surface Vestibular surface
4271 Membrana vestibularis Vestibular membrane Vestibular membrane Membrane of Reissner
4272 Epithelium simplex Simple squamous epithelium of Simple squamous epithelium of
squamosum membranae vestibular membrane vestibular membrane
vestibularis
4273 Lamina propria membranae Lamina propria of vestibular Lamina propria of vestibular
vestibularis membrane membrane
4274 Lamina cellularum Vestibular squamous cell layer Vestibular squamous cell layer
squamosarum vestibularium
4275 Paries externus External surface External surface
4276 Stria vascularis Stria vascularis Stria vascularis
4277 Epithelium marginale striae Marginal epithelium of stria Marginal epithelium of stria
vascularis vascularis vascularis
4278 Cellula marginalis striae Marginal cell of stria Marginal cell of stria
4279 Cellula melanocytica Intermediate melanocyte of Intermediate melanocyte of
intermedia striae vascularis stria vascularis stria vascularis
4280 Granulum melanini Melanin granule Melanin granule
4281 Cellula basalis striae Basal cell of stria vascularis Basal cell of stria vascularis
vascularis
4282 Plexus capillaris striae Capillary plexus of stria Capillary plexus of stria
4283 Prominentia spiralis Spiral prominence Spiral prominence
4284 Vas prominens Vas prominens Vas prominens
4285 Ligamentum spirale Spiral ligament Spiral ligament
4286 Fibrocytus typi I ligamenti Type 1 fibrocyte of spiral Type 1 fibrocyte of spiral
spiralis ligament ligament
4287 Fibrocytus typi II ligamenti Type 2 fibrocyte of spiral Type 2 fibrocyte of spiral
4288 Fibrocytus typi III ligamenti Type 3 fibrocyte of spiral Type 3 fibrocyte of spiral
4289 Sulcus spiralis externus Outer spiral sulcus Outer spiral sulcus
4290 Cellula radicularis cochleae Root cell of cochlea Root cell of cochlea
4291 Paries tympanicus Membrana spiralis Tympanic surface Tympanic surface Spiral membrane
4292 Crista basilaris Crista spiralis Basal crest Basal crest Spiral crest
4293 Lamina basilaris Membrana basilaris Basal lamina Basal lamina Basilar membrane
4294 Vas spirale Vas spirale Vas spirale
4295 Limbus spiralis Spiral limbus Spiral limbus
4296 Labium tympanicum limbi Labium limbi tympanicum Tympanic lip Tympanic lip
spiralis
4297 Foramen nervosum Foramen nervosum Foramen nervosum Foramina of Morgagni
4298 Labium vestibulare limbi spiralis Labium limbi vestibulare Vestibular lip Vestibular lip
4299 Dentes acustici Acoustic teeth Acoustic teeth Eponym: Huschke

4300 Epitheliocytus interdentalis Interdental cell Interdental cell
4301 Sulcus spiralis internus Inner spiral sulcus Inner spiral sulcus
4302 Membrana tectoria Tectorial membrane Tectorial membrane
4303 Caecum vestibulare Vestibular caecum Vestibular cecum
4304 Caecum cupulare Cupular caecum Cupular cecum
4305 Organum spirale Spiral organ Spiral organ Organ of Corti
4306 Cellulae ductus cochlearis Cells of cochlear duct Cells of cochlear duct Endnote 196
4307 Epitheliocyti limitantes Border cells Border cells
4308 Epitheliocytus limitans internus Inner border cell Inner border cell Internal border cell
4309 Epitheliocytus limitans externus Outer border cell Outer border cell External border cell Border cell of Hensen
4310 Epitheliocytus glandularis Basal external glandular cell Basal external glandular cell Glandular cell of Boettcher
externus basalis
4311 Epitheliocytus cuboideus Cuboidal external supporting cell Cuboidal external supporting cell Supporting cell of Claudius
sustenans externus
4312 Epitheliocyti sustenantes Supporting cells Supporting cells
4313 Epitheliocytus internus pilae Internal pilar epithelial cell Internal pilar epithelial cell
4314 Epitheliocytus externus pilae External pilar epithelial cell External pilar epithelial cell
4315 Crus epitheliocyti pilae Crus of pilar cell Crus of pilar cell
4316 Scapus epitheliocyti pilae Rod of pilar cell Rod of pilar cell
4317 Caput epitheliocyti pilae Head of pilar cell Head of pilar cell
4318 Epitheliocytus phalangeus Internal phalangeal epithelial cell Internal phalangeal epithelial cell
internus
4319 Epitheliocytus phalangeus External phalangeal epithelial cell External phalangeal epithelial Epithelial cell of Deiters
externus cell
4320 Processus phalangealis Phalangeal process Phalangeal process
4321 Cochleocytus Cochlear hair cell Cochlear hair cell
4322 Lamina cuticularis Cuticular plate Cuticular plate Apical cuticle
4323 Stereocilium cochleocyti Stereocilium of cochlear hair cell Stereocilium of cochlear hair cell
4324 Ordo stereociliorum Row of stereocilia Row of stereocilia
4325 Vincula stereocilii Stereociliar links Stereociliar links
4326 Vinculum apicale Tip link Tip link
4327 Vinculum laterale Side link Side link
4328 Vinculum interordinale Inter-row link Interrow link Row-to-row link
4329 Vinculum adhesionis Attachment link with tectorial Attachment link with tectorial
membranae tectoriae membrane membrane
4330 Lamina insertionis Insertion plaque Insertion plaque
vinculorum
4331 Cochleocytus internus Inner hair cell Inner hair cell
4332 Cochleocytus externus Outer hair cell Outer hair cell
4333 Cisterna subsynaptica Subsynaptic cisterna Subsynaptic cisterna
4334 Membrana reticularis Reticular membrane Reticular membrane
4335 Cuniculi Tunnels Tunnels
4336 Cuniculus externus External tunnel External tunnel
4337 Cuniculus internus Inner tunnel Inner tunnel Tunnel of Corti
4338 Cuniculus intermedius Intermediate tunnel Intermediate tunnel Pilar-hair cell space Tunnel of Nuel

4339 Ganglion cochleare Ganglion spirale Cochlear ganglion Cochlear ganglion Spiral ganglion Ganglion of Corti
4340 Neuron bipolare ganglii cochlearis Neuron bipolare ganglii spiralis Bipolar neuron of cochlear ganglion Bipolar neuron of cochlear Bipolar neuron of spiral ganglion
ganglion
4341 Perikaryon nonmyelinatum Nonmyelinated perikaryon Nonmyelinated perikaryon Type II cell
4342 Perikaryon myelinatum Myelinated perikaryon Myelinated perikaryon Type I cell
4343 Gliocytus ganglionicus ganglii Gliocytus ganglionicus ganglii Satellite cell of cochlear ganglion Satellite cell of cochlear ganglion Satellite cell of spiral ganglion
cochlearis spiralis
4344 Neurofibra radialis ganglii Neurofibra radialis ganglii spiralis Radial fibre of cochlear ganglion Radial fiber of cochlear ganglion Radial fibre of spiral ganglion;
cochlearis Radial fiber of spiral ganglion
4345 Neurofibra basilaris ganglii Neurofibra basilaris ganglii spiralis Basilar fibre of cochlear ganglion Basilar fiber of cochlear ganglion Basilar fibre of spiral ganglion;
cochlearis Basilar fiber of spiral ganglion
4346 Neurofibra spiralis Spiral fibre Spiral fiber
4347 Fasciculus spiralis internus Inner spiral bundle Inner spiral bundle
4348 Fasciculus spiralis externus Outer spiral bundle Outer spiral bundle
4349 Ganglion vestibulare Vestibular ganglion Vestibular ganglion Ganglion of Scarpa

4350 Neuron bipolare ganglii Bipolar neuron of vestibular Bipolar neuron of vestibular
vestibularis ganglion ganglion
4351 Neuron magnum ganglii Large neuron of vestibular Large neuron of vestibular
4352 Neuron parvum ganglii Small neuron of vestibular Small neuron of vestibular
4353 Gliocytus ganglionicus ganglii Satellite cell of vestibular ganglion Satellite cell of vestibular ganglion
vestibularis
4354 Nervus vestibulocochlearis Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve

4355 Nervus vestibularis Vestibular nerve Vestibular nerve
4356 Ramus communicans cochlearis Cochlear communicating branch Cochlear communicating branch Anastomosis of Oort;
Endnote 197
4357 Pars superior Nervus utriculoampullaris; Nervus Superior part Superior part Utriculo-ampullary nerve;
vestibularis superior Utriculoampullary nerve; Superior
vestibular nerve
4358 Nervus utricularis Utricular nerve Utricular nerve
4359 Nervus ampullaris anterior Anterior ampullary nerve Anterior ampullary nerve
4360 Nervus ampullaris lateralis Lateral ampullary nerve Lateral ampullary nerve
4361 Pars inferior Inferior part Inferior part
4362 Nervus ampullaris posterior Nervus vestibularis inferior Posterior ampullary nerve Posterior ampullary nerve Inferior vestibular nerve
4363 Nervus saccularis Nervus vestibularis posterior Saccular nerve Saccular nerve Posterior vestibular nerve
4364 Nervus cochlearis Cochlear nerve Cochlear nerve
4365 Vasa sanguinea auris internae Vessels of internal ear Vessels of internal ear Vessels of inner ear
4366 Arteria labyrinthi Labyrinthine artery Labyrinthine artery Internal auditory artery
4367 Arteria vestibuli anterior Arteria vestibuli Anterior vestibular artery Anterior vestibular artery
4368 Arteria cochlearis communis Common cochlear artery Common cochlear artery
4369 Arteria vestibulocochlearis Vestibulo-cochlear artery Vestibulocochlear artery
4370 (Ramus vestibularis anterior) (Anterior vestibular branch) (Anterior vestibular branch)

4371 Ramus vestibularis posterior Posterior vestibular branch Posterior vestibular branch
4372 Ramus cochlearis Cochlear branch Cochlear branch
4373 Arteria cochlearis propria Proper cochlear artery Proper cochlear artery
4374 Arteria modioli spiralis Spiral modiolar artery Spiral modiolar artery
4375 Vena aqueductus vestibuli Vein of vestibular aqueduct Vein of vestibular aqueduct
4376 Venae ductuum semicircularium Veins of semicircular ducts Veins of semicircular ducts
4377 Vena aqueductus cochleae Vein of cochlear aqueduct Vein of cochlear aqueduct
4378 Vena modioli communis Common modiolar vein Common modiolar vein
4379 Vena scalae vestibuli Vein of scala vestibuli Vein of scala vestibuli
4380 Vena scalae tympani Vein of scala tympani Vein of scala tympani
4381 Vena vestibulocochlearis Vestibulocochlear vein Vestibulocochlear vein
4382 Vena vestibularis anterior Anterior vestibular vein Anterior vestibular vein
4383 Vena vestibularis posterior Posterior vestibular vein Posterior vestibular vein
4384 Vena fenestrae cochleae Vein of cochlear window Vein of cochlear window
4385 Venae labyrinthi Labyrinthine veins Labyrinthine veins
4386 Organum gustatorium Organum gustus Gustatory organ Gustatory organ

4387 Caliculus gustatorius Gemma gustatoria Taste bud Taste bud
4388 Porus gustatorius Taste pore Taste pore
4389 Epitheliocyti gustatorii Gustatory epithelial cells Gustatory epithelial cells Endnote 198
4390 Epitheliocytus sensorius Type I gustatory sensory Type I gustatory sensory
gustatorius typi I epithelial cell epithelial cell
4391 Epitheliocytus sensorius Type II gustatory sensory Type II gustatory sensory
gustatorius typi II epithelial cell epithelial cell
4392 Epitheliocytus sensorius Type III gustatory sensory Type III gustatory sensory
gustatorius typi III epithelial cell epithelial cell
4393 Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi IV Epitheliocytus basalis Type IV gustatory epithelial cell Type IV gustatory epithelial cell Basal epithelial cell
4394 Epitheliocytus gustatorius typi V Epitheliocytus sustenans Type V gustatory epithelial cell Type V gustatory epithelial cell Supporting epithelial cell
4395 Plexus subcalicularis Subcalicular neurofibrillar plexus Subcalicular neurofibrillar plexus
neurofibrarum
4396 Neurofibra gustatoria Gustatory neurofibre Gustatory neurofiber
4397 Neurofibra perigemmalis Perigemmal neurofibre Perigemmal neurofiber
4398 Neurofibra intragemmalis Intragemmal neurofibre Intragemmal neurofiber
4399 Glandula gustatoria Gustatory gland Gustatory gland Gland of von Ebner

ENDNOTES
173 Tunica fibrosa bulbi. The Tunica fibrosa has been subdivided into the Sclera, the Cornea and the Limbus corneae, a transitional zone between sclera and cornea, of utmost importance for the maintenance of
intra-ocular pressure, since the removal of aqueous humor occurs here. The terminology used follows Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE (1971) Histology of the Human Eye. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.
174 Venulae aquosae. New term; the Venulae aquosae ('Wasservenen') were described by Ascher KW (1942) Am J Ophthalmol 25:31. They collect the Humor aquosus from the Sinus venosus sclerae, and drain
into the Venae episclerales.
175 Arteria cilioretinalis. New term; the Arteria cilioretinalis is a variant artery which leaves the Discus nervi optici separately from the Arteria centralis retinae. It may serve as an additional supply for the Macula
lutea from the choroidal circulation. If present (10-30% of cases), it can spare central vision in occlusion of the Arteria centralis retinae.
176 Facies anterior. The Facies anterior of the iris has been subdivided into a Zona pupillaris and a Zona ciliaris, separated by the Catella or collarette (based on Geneser F 1986 Textbook of Histology.
Munksgaard, Copenhagen).
177 Membrana basalis superficialis limbi posterioris. (from TH): The term Membrana basalis superficialis limbi posterioris was added, for developmental reasons, the epithelium of the posterior border does not
have the usual basement membrane on its side facing the stroma, but superficially on the side facing the lens.
178 Excavatio disci. The incorrect English terms (Depression of optic disc and Physiological cup) are replaced by: Optic disc excavation and Excavation of optic nerve head.
179 Neura retinalia. Heading Neura retinalia added, from TH; based on Kolb H, Linberg KA, Fisher SK 1992. Neurons of the human retina: A Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 318:147-187, and more recent studies
(Website Kolb H et al. The Organization of the Retina and Visual System; http://webvision.med.utah.edu).
180 Neuron bipolare conotopicum. A physiological subdivision of Cone bipolar cells includes ON-cone bipolar cells and OFF-cone bipolar cells, each with three to five disctinct types (Masland RH 2001. The
fundamental plan of the retina. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:877-886).
181 Neura ganglionaria retinalia. TH term 'multipolare' replaced by 'retinale' for consistency. There are at least 18 different morphological types of ganglion cells in the human retina, numbered from G1-G23 after
Golgi studies (G = Golgi type) by Kolb et al. (1981 Vision Res 21:1081-1114) in cats. Special names have been given to the Midget and Parasol ganglion cells, projecting to the Parvocellular and Magnocellular
layers of CGL.
182 Neuron ganglionare umbelliforme parvum. More recently, these ganglion cells became known as Small and Large bistratified ganglion cells, giving rise to the Koniocellular pathway to the CGL (Dacey DM 2000
Parallel pathways for spectral coding in primate retina. Annu Rev Neurosci 23:743-775; Nassi JJ, Callaway EM 2009 Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system. Nat Rev Neurosci 10:360-372).
183 Neura amacrina. Masland RH (2001 The fundamental plan of the retina. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:877-886) counted at least 29 types of Amacrine cells, most of them are glycinergic (Neuron amacrinum
glycinergicum) or GABAergic (Neuron amacrinum GABAergicum).
184 Neuron amacrinum bistratificatum campi angusti / Neuron amacrinum mutuum campi lati. TH's A11 corrected to AII (Roman numeral!). 'Aperturae angustae' corrected to 'campi angusti' as for the other
amacrine cells. The Latin term has been divided into two. The Amacrine cell AI (Kolb and Famiglietti 1974 Science 186:47-49) was later renamed as A17. The term AII remained.
185 Neuron interplexiforme. The Neuron interplexiforme is probably an extraordinary type of Amacrine cell (Sterling P, Demb JB 2004. Retina. In: Shepherd GM, ed: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed.
Oxford University Press, New York, pp 217-269).

186 Membrana orbitalis. Term not in TA: At the level of the Foramen nervi optici, the Periorbita is joined with the dural sheath of the Nervus opticus, and bridges as Membrana orbitalis the Fissura orbitalis inferior.
The Musculus orbitalis consists of smooth muscle fibres within the Membrana orbitalis; replaced from Musculi externi bulbi oculi.
187 Lamina profunda. The smooth muscle fibres of the Deep layer are also known as the Musculus tarsalis superior (of Müller).
188 Canaliculus lacrimalis communis. Each Palpebra contains a Canaliculus lacrimalis, often they combine to a Canaliculus lacrimalis communis before emptying into the Saccus lacrimalis.
189 Isthmus meatus acustici externi. New term; the Isthmus meatus acustici externi is the narrowest part of the External acoustic meatus, located at the junction of the Meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus
and the bony part.
190 Ponticulus promontorii. New term; the Ponticulus promontorii is a thin bony bridge from the Eminentia pyramidalis to the Promontorium (from Lang J 1992 Klinische Anatomie des Ohres. Springer, Wien -
New York).
191 Aperturae tympanicae canaliculi chordae tympani. The Chorda tympani passes from the Facial canal through the Posterior tympanic canaliculus to enter the Tympanic cavity via the Apertura tympanica
canaliculi chordae tympani posterioris; via the Apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae tympani anterioris, the Chorda tympani enters the Anterior tympanic canaliculus (see also A02.1.06.011 Canaliculi
chordae tympani).
192 Processus spatuliformis. The Processus spatuliformis is a circular (spatulate) process at the end of the Handle, with a ligamentous attachment to the Pars tensa at this point.
193 Corpus adiposum tubae auditivae. New term; the Corpus adiposum tubae auditivae (of Ostmann) is a triangular fat pad mediocaudal to the Tuba auditiva and laterocranial to the Musculus tensor veli
palatini. It is thought to be important in normal closure of the tube, preventing transmission of nasopharyngeal pressure in the middle ear cavity.
194 Macula cribrosa superior. In ENT Surgery, the Macula cribrosa superior is known as 'Mike's dot' (after Michael E. Glasscock). It is an important landmark for translabyrinthine resection of an acoustic
neurinoma.
195 Crista verticalis. In ENT Surgery, the Crista verticalis is known as 'Bill's bar' (after William House). It separates the Superior portion of the meatus into an anterior channel for the Facial nerve and a posterior
channel for the Superior vestibular nerve.
196 Cellulae ductus cochlearis. The cell types of the Organum spirale have been rearranged as Epitheliocyti limitantes (Border cells), Epitheliocyti sustenantes (Supporting cells) and Cochleocyti (Hair cells).
197 Ramus communicans cochlearis. The Ramus communicans cochlearis contains the Efferent fibres for the Organ of Corti; eponym: (Anastomosis of) Oort.
198 Epitheliocyti gustatorii. A Taste bud contains three types of Sensory epithelial cells (Types I-III), Basal cells (Type IV) and Supporting, peripheral (Perigemmal) cells (Type V); see Benninghoff/Drenckhahn
Anatomie 2004 16th ed, Band 2, pages 757/758. The type I cell is also known as Cellula obscura (dark cell), the type II and III cells as Cellulae clarae (clear cells).

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TERMINOLOGIA NEUROANATOMICA

International Neuroanatomical Terminology

Bibliographic Reference Citation:

Hans J ten Donkelaar

Neuroanatomy Working Group

Caput I: Systema nervosum centrale Chapter 1: Central nervous system

Caput II: Systema nervosum periphericum Chapter 2: Peripheral nervous system

Caput III: Organa sensuum Chapter 3: Sense organs

Caput I: Systema nervosum centrale Chapter 1: Central nervous system

Bibliographic Reference Citation:

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Latin term Latin synonym UK English US English English synonym Other

37 CELLULAE TEXTUS NERVOSI CELLS OF NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS OF NERVOUS TISSUE

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 9

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 10

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 11

117 Neuroglia Neuroglia Neuroglia

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 12

154 Tegumentum neuronale Neuronal sheath Neuronal sheath

178 Synapses Synapses Synapses

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 13

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 14

262 LEPTOMENINX LEPTOMENINX LEPTOMENINX

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 15

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 16

317 Pia mater Pia mater Pia mater

342 FILUM TERMINALE FILUM TERMINALE FILUM TERMINALE Terminal filum

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 17

356 Systema caroticum Carotid system Carotid system

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 18

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 19

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 20

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 21

519 Systema vertebrobasilare Vertebrobasilar system Vertebrobasilar system

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 22

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 23

607 VENAE ENCEPHALI CEREBRAL VEINS CEREBRAL VEINS

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 24

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 25

684 Venae cerebelli Cerebellar veins Cerebellar veins Endnote 21

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 26

717 VENAE DIPLOICAE DIPLOIC VEINS DIPLOIC VEINS Veins of Breschet

722 VENAE EMISSARIAE EMISSARY VEINS EMISSARY VEINS

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 27

765 Medulla spinalis Spinal cord Spinal cord

781 Morphologia interna Internal features Internal features

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 28

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 29

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 30

880 SUBSTANTIA ALBA WHITE MATTER WHITE MATTER White substance

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 31

904 Funiculus lateralis Lateral funiculus Lateral funiculus

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 32

950 STRUCTURAE CENTRALES CENTRAL CORD STRUCTURES CENTRAL CORD STRUCTURES

958 Encephalon Brain Brain

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 33

976 Morphologia interna Internal features Internal features

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 34

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 35

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 36

1110 Substantia alba White matter White matter White substance

FIPAT.library.dal.ca TNA, Ch. 1 37

1142 Fibrae raphecerebellares Raphecerebellar fibres Raphecerebellar fibers