CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Project Context

Society has been dramatically changed with the evolution of technology. Immense

opportunities are being provided by technologies which play an important role in human life. The

access to education, medicine, industry, transportation, etc. has been simplified due to modern day

technology. Due to the convenience and efficiency provided by technology, our lives have

improved significantly.

Traditionally, organizations in the country communicate and share information in a manual

manner. Establishments use various paper materials and pens to process records and inventory. In

this new era, establishments use automated transaction such as inventory system and analyzing data

while others still depend on manual procedures. When it comes to business, data is very valuable.

Businesses have modernized through the use of data management and data analysis but still

currently, Laur Water System is using the traditional method and manual process in handling their

business data and operations.

Laur Water System is the supplier of water in the municipality of Laur. They provide and

maintain potable and adequate water supply in every household in the community. They

continuously expand to provide water supply to barangays. As they grow, records of consumers

and materials that are being used in every maintenance and extension project for new water passage

increases. Due to the increasing number of consumers who are in need of services, there is also a

need for various materials to provide essential services to them. Laur Water System is serving 14

barangays which is composed of 4,242 households. It’s difficult for the supply and maintenance of

Laur Water System to deal with the management of material inventory, supplies, and analyzing

data using the manual method.

 This led the developers to come up with an idea to create a system that will analyze water

consumption and manage the inventory of materials of Laur Water System. The system will

minimize paper works, manual keeping, and enable the business to perform their transactions more

efficiently and to use data gathered to generate reports for the administrator to see whether the

business is performing well or not.

Purpose and Description

The main purpose of the project is to develop a water usage analysis and inventory

management system for Laur Water System that will help the staff to improve the traditional

method of data processing.

The main or general features of the system include data processing for all transactions

namely job ordering, purchasing of materials and for analyzing water consumption of every

concessionaire of Laur Water System.

The developed system automates and improves the existing manual system of the data

processing in the Laur Water System. Moreover, the system also serve as electronic storage to

eliminate the paper based records. With this, the administrator can see also what happening the

movement and storage of materials inventory and can monitor the changes of water consumption

if it is fair or have an illegal action. More specifically this system can benefits the following:

For the admin, the developed system provides a more efficient way of monitoring and

managing the water usage of consumer and materials inventory.

For the future researchers, this system serves as a guide of related system. It is a reference

to formulate an idea in developing of their own idea.

Objectives

The main objective of this study is to develop a system that manage inventory and analyze

water consumption of every concessionaire of Laur Water System.

More specifically this study aims to achieve the following objectives:

 To develop a system that can manage inventory and tracking of materials.

 To develop a system that can analyze water consumption

 To develop a system that can generate report and present through graphical design.

Scope and Limitation

The system will be utilized by employee of Laur Water System. The system has the ability

to monitor and measure operational and financial business performance, analyze results, predict

outcomes and plan for better business results. The administrator has a better insight in their

performance and it can visualize what are potential scenarios come, so the company can prepare

different solution to the critical situation.

This developed system is limited to Laur Water System office only. The system will only

be accessible by registered user in the system. All the transactions used in the system are logged in

the database for future reference

The system offer user friendly interface, records and tracks the materials inventory and

analyze the water consumption of every client that uses their service, give report and analyze to

determine the most effective ways to improve water conservation and efficiency of every household

in all barangay. Specifically, the developers will also design a system that will store the materials

inventory that can keep and track of every transaction of requisition for repair or new connection.

The operational manager has authority to access the system’s inventory and manage request,

supplies and returning of materials. The finance staff has also authority to access the system to

update billing information and monitor the consumption of every customer of their service.
Significance of the Project

The study aims to develop a system for analyzing, processing, and recording of data for

Laur Water System. The system effectively manages and collects data of every transaction. It also

provides faster, efficient, and more effective way in analyzing water consumed by every

concessionaire. Since the project transformed the manual processing of data to a computerized

process, this helps to eliminate the need of paper based records and lessen the time consumed in

tracking transactions.

The development life cycle was used by the developers for an easy way to understand the

step by step processes. Different types of testing were conducted to determine the performance of

the system in terms of functionality, reliability and usability.

 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions,

methodologies and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing

information that are relevant and similar to the present study. This chapter also discusses the other

related topics that are needed in the system, on how the other topics built their system including the

description and features of their system and how important the system is.

Related Literature and Related Studies

This section contains related systems that aided the developers to have ideas as well as to

have better understanding about the system. Some systems were correlated with the design and

served as reference to the researchers’ for the development of the system. In concept, developers

must look into other related systems and studies to gain knowledge and experiences that can provide

better and acceptable theories and methodologies that best suit the system development.

The developed system of Buenviaje, Ramos, Reguindin, and Tamayo on Water

Distribution Facility (2014) to help the community of Barangay Bulihan Ilaya, Rosario Batangas,

was designed for commercial and residential use for the water that it would produce and use in

many purposes such as drinking, cleaning and other services that need water. This included the

selection of suitable materials for the model. Developing an automated system based on design

layout, estimating, analyzing of the cost of construction and evaluating of the effectiveness if the

model through actual testing.

The study of Projecting the Water and Electric Consumption of Polytechnic University of

the Philippines by Jackie D. Urrutia, Joseph Mercado, Lincoln A. Bautista, andEdcon B. Baccay

(2016), investigates water and electric consumption in Polytechnic University of the Philippines –

Sta. Mesa using a time series analysis. The researchers analyzed the water and electric usage

separately. Electric consumption was examined in terms of pesos and kilowatt-hour, while water
consumption was analyzed in pesos and cubic meter. The data are gathered from the university

limited only from January 2009 to July 2015 in a monthly based record. The aim is to forecast the

water and electric usage of the university for the years 2016 and 2017. There are two main statistical

treatments that the researchers conducted to be able to formulate mathematical models that can

estimate the water and electric consumption of the said school. Using Seasonal Autoregressive

Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), electric usage was forecasted in peso and kilowatt-hour,

and water usage in peso and cubic meter. Moreover, the predicted values of the consumptions are

compared to the actual values using Paired T-test to examine whether there is a significant

difference. Forecasting accurately the water and electric consumption would be helpful to manage

the budget allotted for the water and electric consumption of PUP – Sta. Mesa for the next two

years.

The study of Determinants of Household Participation in Water Source Management:

ACHEFER, AMHARA REGION, ETHIOPIA by Aschalew Demeke (2013), discussed the access

to safe drinking water supplies and sanitation services in Ethiopia which are among the lowest in

Sub-Saharan Africa. While governmental and nongovernmental organizations have been

implementing water supply and sanitation projects in recent years, many fail shortly after

construction due to improper management. In this study the researcher examined the socio-

economic, institutional and exogenous factors which affect households’ participation in the

management of water sources. A survey was carried out involving 16 water supply systems and

160 households within Achefer area, in Amhara, Ethiopia. In addition, the water quality of eight

water points was tested. The results show that households’ demand for sustainable water services

are positively affected by users’ participation during the project design and implementation,

advocacy provided by the project and greater household income. Thus, for drinking water systems

to be sustainable these factors should be included in planning water supply projects.

The study of Basic Household Water Requirements by Arlene B. Inocencio, Jose E. Padilla

and Esmyra P. Javier (2013), determined the basic or minimum water requirement for a person to
maintain good health and proper sanitation comes about in the light of the current state of water

resources and the growing scarcity against a rapidly rising population. This paper’s contribution is

the determination of this basic or minimum water requirement which is necessary to sustain human

life and other basic human activities through a record keeping approach and use of an econometric

tool. Specifically, the study (1) obtains actual per capita water consumption by activity based on

household water usage and (2) determines household and per capita water requirement that cuts

across income classes, water sources and cost of water, and location. Results of this study provide

a valuable input in water-sector planning (i.e., for water supply infrastructure), allocation of

available water supply between domestic and other uses (i.e., industrial and agricultural), and in

determining the appropriate water tariff consumption block and structure for domestic consumption

as the paper gives an empirical basis for the lifeline or minimum consumption block of about 10

cubic meters per month for a family of 6 members.

A study on the Drivers of Household Water Consumption for Different Socio-Economic

Classes in Selected Communities of Metro Manila,Philippines by Llaguno, etc. al., (2014)

examined whether there is a significant relationship between socio-economicclass and household

water supply demand, through determining or verifying the factors governing water use

consumptionpatterns of households from a sampling from different socio-economic classes in

Metro Manila, the national capital region ofthe Philippines. This study is also an opportunity to

augment the lack of local academic literature due to the very fewpublications on urban household

water demand after 1999. In over 600 Metro Manila households, a rapid survey wasconducted on

their average monthly water consumption and habits on household water usage. The questions in

the rapidsurvey were based on an extensive review of literature on urban household water demand.

Sample households were dividedinto socio-economic classes A-B and C-D. Cluster analysis,

dummy coding and outlier tests were done to prepare the data forregression analysis. Subsequently,

backward stepwise regression analysis was used in order to determine different statisticalmodels to

describe the determinants of water consumption. The key finding of this study is that the socio-
economic class of ahousehold in Metro Manila is a significant factor in water consumption. A-B

households consume more water in contrast to C-Dfamilies based on the mean average water

consumption for A-B and C-D households are 36.75 m3 and 18.92 m3, respectively.The most

significant proxy factors of socio-economic class that were related to household water consumption

were examined inorder to suggest improvements in policy formulation and household water

demand management.

The study of Individual Household Water Consumption by Maisie Borg Orion Edwards,

Sarah Kimpel (2014), focuses on individual household water use in Davis, California. Personal and

household water use in California is extremely important because residential areas provide the third

largest demand for water, after agricultural irrigation, and industrial use. The data can be used to

determine the most cost effective ways to improve water conservation and efficiency. The first task

is to measure all sources of water use within three households for a certain amount of time,

surveying only indoor water usage. Since the number of people per household varies, we will then

convert this data into gallons per outlet per day in order to compare across different household. All

data on personal water use is collected and is in common units it can be compared against city,

state, and national averages. The data can then be utilized in order to discover the most cost efficient

ways to increase water conservation and efficiency in households by recalculating water use in a

hypothetical “Low Flow Scenario.” This will provide a guideline for what steps can be taken to

increase water conservation and efficiency in households on a city, state, and national level.

The study of Evaluation of Indoor Urban Water Use and Water Loss Managementas

Conservation Options in Florida (2014), focuses on analyzing water loss and residential indoor

usage aspart of a conservation plan. The goal is to develop general methodologies for utilities in

Floridato analyze these two components of water conservation planning. The water budget and

planningaspects of water conservation are discussed. Implementation and tracking are important

parts ofconservation planning, but are not within the scope of this thesis.In several areas of Florida,

alternative water supplies, reuse water, and water conservation are being considered as a means to
ensure ample water can be provided in the future. In particular, system water loss and residential

indoor usage estimates are two important aspects of water conservation programs which are

currently based on simple approximations. Methods tested for estimating system water loss

analyzed current water audit practices as part of a water conservation plan. One approach is to use

the latest version of the American.

Efficiency Assessment of the Household Water Use by Catrina Nunes Jorge (2012),

focuses on development and testing of a comprehensive methodology to assess the overall

households' water use efficiency in indoor domestic water use. This methodology comprises an

efficiency evaluation based on efficient patterns, peer comparison and water devices performance.

The proposed methodology is composed of three main modules: Module 1. Efficient patterns

comparison, Module 2. Peer comparison and Module 3. Evaluation based on performance indices

of water devices. The three modules should be applied in a complementary way in order to assess

most aspects of water efficiency in the household, but can also be applied independently, as each

module returns a different type of assessment. The methodology was applied to a case study

composed of 43 households, mostly located in the Lisbon urban area and surrounding

municipalities, corresponding to approximately 100 persons. All households have extensive

measurements and detailed event records of all indoor water uses, and were surveyed to collect

information on their socio-demographic characteristics and on the existing water devices in the

households (WC, shower, taps, dishwasher and washing machine). The methodology was further

tested with an additional small case study carried out with three volunteer consumers. The

development of a systematic and detailed methodology for the assessment of domestic consumers’

behavior both in terms of their own consumption and their level of efficiency relatively to their

peers constitutes the main novel contribution of this work. This efficiency assessment allows the

identification of potential savings and, thus, the methodology enables the promotion of a more

efficient use of water by domestic consumers. Furthermore, it is also useful for the water utilities
to optimize the supply systems operation and to improve the quality of service through a better

knowledge of consumption profiles.

Research of domestic water consumption: a field study in Harbin China by Tingyi Lu

(2013), is related to the developed system as the majority of research projects have focused on

highlighting the current water shortage and the increased use by the residential sector. Research

into residential water consumption in cities has been restricted to the capital. There are a lack of

studies relating to other cities especially small and medium size ones. Most of the information about

household water use is reported within figures for total annual water consumption or is contained

in information about existing problems.

Analysis of Water Consumption by Sandro C. Csallany and James C. Niel (2012),

determined the degree of influence of various factors on municipal water consumption in Illinois.

For the collection of basic data, questionnaires were sent to all public water works of incorporated

towns. The questionnaire was designed to obtain information on factors which may have any effect

on water use. The effects of the different parameters on water consumption were based on several

correlation and regression combinations of predict and predictors. It was found that in the Chicago

region the percent of services and water used for commercial and industrial purposes and the age

of the water works were the most important parameters influencing water consumption (gallons per

capita per day) when plumage is metered at the water works as well as at the customers. For the

State, excluding the Chicago region, percent of public water use, persons per service, population

and commercial and industrial water use were the most important parameters. It has been

recommended that similar statistical analysis be conducted periodically to establish a trend or law

of change from the influencing parameters.

 Chapter III

Technical Background

This section serves a reference for technical details in the study, to reach the full potential

and the desire function of the developed system, list of equally important references were listed

below and their application to the developed system.

Data analytics is primarily conducted in the development of the system to help in

transforming data into useful information. Data collected from existing system is used in developed

system to analyze and generate outputs to help and support in decision-making. The data obtained

is categorized to identify and analyze behavioral data, patterns, and strategies according to the

system requirements. Data analysis technique is used that focuses on data modeling to explore the

high level concepts and how those concepts relate together across the developed system.

Programming language was used to create the system. It provide all tools which help in

developing a computerized design based from the manual processed. The programmer analyzes

and plans the flow of the system, the database table and the changes of the other aspects of the

database. The researchers used database management to keep and save data and records to organize

all the data.

As the system aims to create a system that can generate report through a graphical

presentation, the developers use variety of data sources with a minimum of written code and reports

also that allows the developers to graphically design data connection and report layout. The

developers used some testing plan such as unit testing and stress testing to make sure of the client’s

satisfaction in the system.