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This document discusses hard drive technology including the functions of hard disk drives (HDDs), the difference between SATA and PATA drives, and how to install, troubleshoot, and maintain hard drives. It describes how HDDs store data magnetically on spinning platters using read/write heads, while solid state drives have no moving parts and use memory to store data. The document also summarizes the evolution of ATA technology and improvements in data transfer speeds.
This document discusses hard drive technology including the functions of hard disk drives (HDDs), the difference between SATA and PATA drives, and how to install, troubleshoot, and maintain hard drives. It describes how HDDs store data magnetically on spinning platters using read/write heads, while solid state drives have no moving parts and use memory to store data. The document also summarizes the evolution of ATA technology and improvements in data transfer speeds.
This document discusses hard drive technology including the functions of hard disk drives (HDDs), the difference between SATA and PATA drives, and how to install, troubleshoot, and maintain hard drives. It describes how HDDs store data magnetically on spinning platters using read/write heads, while solid state drives have no moving parts and use memory to store data. The document also summarizes the evolution of ATA technology and improvements in data transfer speeds.
Objective of this presentation • Understanding the Hard Disk Drive (HDD)Technology • The Functions of the HDD • Difference between SATA and PATA Drive • How to install Hard Disk Drive • How to troubleshoot Hard Drive issues • How to maintain Hard Drive By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org Hard Disk Drive • Traditional Hard Drive Store Data magnetically onto spinning platters; using a fast moving actuator -arm with read/write heads • Primary data storage in Desktop and laptop computer By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org Solid State Drive • Solid State Drive uses Read/Write Memory to store data • Has no moving part • Produce no heat • Last longer
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Drive Speed and Capacity • 10000 and 15000 RPM, – Standard for enthusiast and server computers • 7200 RPM – Standard for desktop computer • Drive speed can be 5400 – Standard for portable computer • Drive capacity is measure in GB (gigabyte) or in TB(Terabyte) • 1TB = 1024 GB • 1GB = 1024 MB • 1PB = 1Million GB, 1000 TB Types of Drive • PATA • SATA • SCSI
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
ATA, Advanced Technology Attachment • 2 styles of ATA drives -Paralleled ATA(PATA) and Serial ATA (SATA) • All PATA Drives use a Molex power connector, lower speed PATA drives use a 40-pin ribbon cable and faster dives use a 80-wire cable called IDE or EIDE cable, which stand for integrated Drive Electronics • IDE cable is 18 inches long Hard Drive Jumper Setting • Master • Slave • Single PATA Hard drive and optical drive • PATA drive – Use IDE cable for Data
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
IDE Cable IDE Cable 18” long Can support 2 drives
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SATA Drive • SATA Drives uses the same form factor as PATA Drive • Creates a Point – to- point connection between the SATA devices (HDD and Optical drives)
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SATA Cable • SATA cable – 1 meter long – Support one drive – Allow a better air flow inside the case – No jumper configuration needed
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SATA Drive Installation • No Jumper cable • Primary Drive • SATA Power Cable
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SCSI Drive • (SCSI) Small Computer System Interface • Faster that PATA and SATA Drives • Only choice if using RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disk) By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org SCSI Host Adapter • SCSI Host Adapter is also called SCSI controller • Provide the interface between the SCSI chain and the PC • The SCSI chain is connected to the SCSI Host Adapter Internally or Externally SCSI Ribbon • Internal SCSI devices connect to the host adapter with a 68-pin ribbon cable • Daisy-chaining is the process of connecting a device directly to another device.
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
SCSI ID’s and Termination • SCSI ID’s are used to differentiate devices can be ranged between 0-15 – SCSI ID is a unique identifier – SCSI Devices use jumper, dip switches or even tiny dial to set ID – The end of SCSI drive must be terminated
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Difference between HDD and SSD
• Traditional Hard Disk Drive
– Composed of individual disk – Or platters – Two tiny read/write heads service each platters – HDD stores data in tiny magnets – Actuator arms – Stepper motor and voice coil
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Hard Disk Drive Review • Drive Geometry – Cylinders, heads and sectors combined (CHS), defines a drive geometry
BIOS needs the CHS to talk to the drive.
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Hard Disk Drive Operational Issues
• Slow because of times take to spin up for
the read/write head to retrieve data need to load the OS • Moving metal parts of the platter-based drive use a lot of energy • Produce heat and wear down over time.
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Solid State Drive • Components – Semi-conductors, transistors, and bubble memory – Use non-volatile memory chips to store data – No moving metal – Consume less energy – Produce less heat – Faster but more expensive ATA Technology Improvement • ATA 1 – support only two drives attached to one connector via a single cable, has a capacity upto 504 MB • ATA 2 – add LBA (logical block addressing) that support larger drive . • ATA2 add ATAPI Advance Technology Attachment Paket Interface) • ATA add support for a second controller . By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org ATA Improvement (cont’ed) • ATA3-Add S.M.A.R.T Self Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology • ATA4 –Add Ultra DMA mode making HDD much faster. ATA4 defines 3 Ultra DMA mode: 0- 16 MBps, mode1- 25 MBps mode 2- 33.3MBps • ATA5 - added DMA 3- 44.4 MBps and DMA mode 4: 66.6 MBps – Ultra DMA 4 add a new 80 wires cable
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
ATA Improvement • ATA 6- introduced Ultra DMA mode 5 kicking data transfer rate to 100MBps • ATA7- introduced Ultra DMA mode 6 (ATA133) runs at speed 133 MBps called Serial ATA or SATA. • AHCI- Advanced Host Controller –This Technology is supported by Windows Vista and newer operating system By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org INT 13 extension • Allow drive capacity up to 137 GB
By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org
Notes • A system running INT13 extensions can support upto a 137GB hard drive • Each IDE controller support 2 Drives • PATA Drives use master/slave jumper to differentiate between the two drives • If you connect the HDD incorrectly nothing will be damaged or lost, there just would not be any communication By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org Notes (Con’t) • If you install a drive that require a 80 wires on a 40 wires cable the drive will work fine but at a lower speed • The maximum length of an internal SATA cable is 1 meter. • The limit of how many SATA drives you can install in a PC depends on how many ports on your motherboard /host controller • With a SATA bridge, you can install a PATA drive on a SATA port By: Jacques Dady Jean - www.mattapantech.org