EFFECTIVENESS OF GUMAMELA (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn) EXTRACT AS AN

ALTERNATIVE INGREDIENT FOR CALLIGRAPHY INK

A Research Proposal presented to the Faculty of Junior High School

De La Salle University Dasmarinñ as

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research 2

Barquilla, Nash Michael T.

Cantos, Charlie Matthew C.
Calimlim, Elizha Marie
Gamo, Mary Angeline T.
Molina, Camille Jean O.
Rajeev, Amrish Fernan
Reyes, Aariana Lorraine E.
Sedantes, Franz Miko C.
Villarin, Clare Dianne R.

CHAPTER 1
 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

In the previous years, scientists had been making inks that have chemical
contents. And calligraphy pens has been widely used in our generation today. Mostly,
they use it for projects, businesses, etc. to have a good and better outcome. Based on
a study, (Benediktsdoó ttir’s, 2015) People need to understand to understand that the
basic components of an ink is too bad for the environment and why a biodegradable
ink could offer more, rather than having a petroleum-based inks. According to
(Cofield E., 2018) inks contains chemicals such as: iron sulfate, gallic, and tannic
acids.

Other researchers already tried other extracts, to use as an alternative

ingredient for calligraphy ink such as: Mayana leaves extract, Albugati fruit extract,
Mango extract, and more. But no one did an experiment with Gumamela extract,
that is why the researchers will test if Gumamela extract is an effective alternative
ingredient for calligraphy ink. The researchers will check if there is anything that
needs to be adjusted, or change, so that the experiment will be a success. The
researchers will use a freshly picked Gumamela and water will be added.

This study aims to determine if the Gumamela extract will be an effective

alternative ingredient for calligraphy ink, the ink will be tested in different ways that
will be stated in the statement of the problem it will verify if it may be considered as
an alternative to be used by beginners, if proven then there may be a mass
productions of the product.

1.2 Conceptual Framework

 DEPENDENT
VARIABLE:
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:
Smudges and clearness of ink
Gumamela extract produced by the gumamela
extract

Gumamela extract will affect the clearness and smudges produced by the
Gumamela extract as an alternative ingredient for calligraphy ink.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

- Can Gumamela extract be an effective alternative ingredient for

calligraphy ink

- What are the effects of Gumamela extract in terms of following:

a) Color

b) Odor

c) Stick Consistency

d) Absorption

- Is there a significant difference between Gumamela extract and

commercial calligraphy ink
1.4 Hypothesis

 Null Hypothesis - The Gumamela extract will not have the same quality as
commercial calligraphy ink
a) Color
b) Absorption
c) Stick Consistency
d) Odor

 Alternative Hypothesis – The Gumamela extract will have the same quality as
commercial calligraphy in
a) Color
b) Absorption
c) Stick Consistency
d) Odor

1.5 Scopes and Limitations

The scope involves all materials, staff, and systematics used to accomplish the
given research. The study revolves around the use of the extract, which will focus
primarily on the use of the Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn) flower. It would
take around a day to a week, depending on the needed amount of time to fully reach
the quality of normal calligraphy ink. The process will be performed in De La Salle
University – Dasmarinñ as. However, other flower extracts and/or dyes will not be
used due to the main priority of the Gumamela extract. Gumamela extract will be
the main priority for the creation of calligraphy ink.

Gumamela flowers may be picked around the environment, which will prove
to be a significant source of extracts. Other materials that would prove to be a
necessity to the research will acquired through the use of recyclable materials. The
research is only limited to the creation of the alternative calligraphy ink through the
use of the Gumamela extract. Other materials that would be created in correlation to
the flower are beyond the boundaries of the study.
1.6 Significance of the Study

The study hopes to provide a cost-efficient ink that is easily accessible to

populate the number of writers. However, the future result will already have benefits
to the community of those who love the use this type of ink. To enumerate them, the
research is beneficial to the following:

Literary writers. The creation of a cheaper alternative calligraphy ink made

with the extract will help authors in sustaining their stock of calligraphy ink, which
will further help them create more literary pieces if they prefer the old school of
writing reading materials.

Students. With the creativity and the thinking of the students, the alternative
calligraphy ink will be useful in their projects, homeworks, assignments if they
prefer the writing capabilities and possibilities of the ink.

Community. Most people in a community will use the calligraphy ink if given
that the price is reasonable and it shows the availability of the ink, which would
encourage them to use the ink for their personal leisure’s.

1.7 Definition of terms

Gumamela extract – the juice that is extracted by the Gumamela after being
grinded. In this study, it will be used as an ingredient to create a natural source of
ink.
 Calligraphy ink – it is the substance that is placed in a commercial
calligraphy ink. In this study we will be conducting an experiment to create a natural
source of ink that commercial calligraphy have.

Alternative – it is used to have another material or as another possibility.

This will be used to create an alternative for the calligraphy ink.

Ink – a colored fluid used for writing. This will be used as a basis for our
study.

Color – it is the human visual perception. This will be used to determine if

the extract of gumamela have efficient colors.

Stick Consistency – is the standard that needs to be achieved by the extract

of gumamela. This will be used to check if the extract have good quality to be used.

Odor – it is perceiving odors or scents by nose. This will be used to see if the
extract has a good scent or odor for the calligraphy ink.

Absorption – it is the process of absorbing of one element or it is being

absorbed by the other element. This will be used to see if the paper absorbs the ink
well.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

This study is an experimental research, which aims to manipulate and control

data that is will be shown. The researchers will determine the effectiveness of

Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn) Extract as an alternative ingredient for

calligraphy ink, by conducting an experiment. The experiment will take place in De

La Salle University – Dasmarinñ as Junior High School Complex Science Laboratory.

The researcher will invite 5 respondents from the population of the Grade 10

students at De La Salle University – Dasmarinñ as Junior High School and they will test

the effectiveness of Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn) Extract.

3.2 Research Setting

This study will be conducted at De La Salle University – Dasmarinñ as Junior

High School Complex Science Laboratory, where in the specific requirements are met

such as: mortar & pestle, measuring spoons and cups, and water. Other materials

will be brought by the researchers such as: freshly pick gumamela flower from its

own tree, feathers, and a small plastic jar.

3.3 Procedure
3.3.1 Material Acquisition

The following ingredient could be acquired in the grocery store: A small plastic

jar will be used which costs  ₱15 and a feather which is  ₱50 per piece that could be

acquired   in   any  bookstore.   Measuring   spoons   and  cups   will   also   be   used   during   the

experiment. Only the Gumamela flowers and bond paper to be used during the survey

which will be taken from the researchers' own resources and personal materials.

3.3.2 Preparing for the Extract

The researchers will prepare first the gumamela flower and rinse the flower in

water. After washing the flower, the researcher will prepare the mortal and pestle. The

researchers will use gloves to prevent dirt and the researcher will use mortar and pestle

for grinding the gumamela flowers.  The first jar will contain an ink that has 1 gumamela

flower that was extracted and will be boiled, then water will be added. The second jar

will contain 2 gumamela flowers, and same procedure will be done with the same amount

of water. The third jar will contain 3 gumamela flowers, and same procedure will be done

with the same amount of water. The fourth jar will contain 4 gumamela flowers, and

same procedure will be done with the same amount of water. And the last jar, the fifth jar
will contain 5 gumamela flowers, and same procedure will be done with the same amount

of water.

After the experiment, the researchers will conduct a survey to know whether which

jar is the most effective alternative ink for the calligraphy ink.

3.3.3  Data Gathering

To see which gumamela extract is an effective alternative ink it should achieved the

qualifications in terms of effectiveness, the characteristics to be observed or to be tested

are the following: absorption, stick consistency, color and odor of gumamela extract and

the commercial calligraphy ink. The researchers will have 5 respondents and that will be

taken from the Grade 10 students population at De La Salle   University – Dasmariñas.

Each respondent will test the ink and will take 3 trials. 

To determine which is an effective alternative, it should pass the characteristics that

needed   to   be   achieved   such   as:   absorption,   color,   odor,   stick   consistency.   The

respondents   will  use  the  ink and  test  the  needed  qualifications. There  will  also be  a

provided questionnaire for each respondent. The qualifications are:

Absorption. The respondent will write a stroke on the bond paper that will be used.

The respondent will also observed if the paper absorbed the ink well. The respondent will
also check if there is any smudges on the paper made by the ink.

Color. Each respondent will write whatever they want to write on the bond paper

that  was   given  to   them   by  the  researchers.  The  respondents   will  observe  if   they  are

satisfied with the outcome or if it’s appealing to them.

Odor.  The   researchers   will   drop   a   pinch   of   the   ink   on   the   bond   paper.   After

dropping   a   pinch   of   the   ink,   the   respondents   will   sniff   the   aroma   of   the   ink.   The

respondents will also observe if the odor is pleasant to their nose, or the odor is too strong

for them.

Stick Consistency. Each respondents will expose the ink to water to see if there is

any changes with the consistency of the ink. The clarity of strokes and color must be

checked to know if  the consistency of the ink is good enough.

After conducting tests and observations, the researchers will gather all the
information and results from the questionnaire that was given to the respondents.
The researchers will then get the average from each qualifications that was stated in
the given questionnaire. (5) Being the highest score, and (1) being the lowest score
to each qualifications. From the final average, the researchers can now determine
which of the gumamala (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn) extract is an effective
alternative. The researchers will tally and analyze the respondents answers to come
up with a conclusion.

3.4 Statistical Analysis

The statistical tool to be used by the researchers is t-test. The t-test method

is an analysis framework used to determine the difference between two samples

means from two normally distributed populations with unknown variances. T-test is

used to determine the significant differences of the ink with different numbers of

gumamela flowers that will be extracted and that will be made as an ingredient for

making calligraphy ink.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This research contains information about this study which came from

different websites, articles, journals, and other research materials. This chapter is

divided into three parts such as: Conceptual Literature, Research Literature, and

Synthesis.

2.1 Conceptual Literature

 Gumamela or Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn is a flower made of tropical herbs,

subtropical herbs, shrubs, and small trees. Also, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn is part

of the mallow family, Malvaceae, in the order Malvales, class Magnoliopsida, and

includes the rose of Sharon, popular garden shrub, showy flowering shrubs and

trees (Kimbrough. H., 2018). The extract of Gumamela can be used in many different

ways. It can be used in healing wounds, especially in rats (Venkateswarlu et al.,

2015).

As based to the study of Uma N. B., Kumar n. K., Po S. E. A. K., Minggat S. S. A.,

Gopr G. M. A., Kamal M. B. (2014), cooking oil was used, and the organic pigment

came from Roselle flower, Asian pigeon wing flower, and turmeric. The flowers were

successfully extracted and blended with the cooking oil thus making another

alternative for ink.

Meanwhile according to the article (Lusted., 2014). The tools that can be used

for drawing are pencils are paints, pastels, and ink for drawing. In today’s

generation, inks are made of chemicals that coming from berries, nuts, and even

ashes to produce dyes.

According to termpaperwarehouse.com, the combination of alugbati and

gumamela extract can make an effective alternative dye, because of that the

researchers considered gumamela extract as an alternative ink for calligraphy pen.

2.2 Related Studies

 According to the research by Powar P. V, Lagad S B, Ambikas R. B, Sharma P. H.

(2014), color produced from artificial dyes are steadier from batch to batch than

colors produced by natural colorants. But, natural dyes are an eco-friendly way to

pass on almost any color to textile product with the recent interest in environmental

concerns.

Based on the research conducted by Alguzar J., Caballero C., Cayetuna J.,

Cortez D., Lituanas J., Maldo R. II, Mucha J., Quibedo D., Sabuero J. Jr., and Talines C.

(n.d), to create an alternative marker inks from plants, researchers must balance the

amount of water and source, so it can produce a natural odor and color, so that

spreading of ink on the paper will be avoided and can maintain a good quality of

marker ink.

Another study from Lopierre (NI), ink was usually made out from berries,

tree barks, and extracts of leaves. This techniques has been used for centuries,

producing numerous colors and when mixed with other substances it creates ink,

dye, or paint.

Based on the article from www. scribd.com, Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn) has been used in making alternative indigenous dyestuff for

highlighters ink. The results and discussions is not indicated.

2.3 Synthesis
 From the data gathered, the natural dye obtained from the Gumamela might

have the possibility of being an alternative for calligraphy ink and it also has

different purposes, when it comes to making alternative inks. Since Hibiscus rosa-

sinensis Linn is a flowering plant, it can help and benefit the environment (Belyu, S.,

2017). Therefore, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn is capable of being a component for

natural dyes and food coloring. Due to popular demands of calligraphy ink, this

study aims to determine the effectiveness of Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensi Linn)

Extract as an alternative ingredient for making calligraphy ink.