Laguna State Polytechnic University

San Pablo City Campus

Brgy. Del Remedio, San Pablo City

GRADUATE STUDIES & APPLIED RESEARCH

Course Code: EDUC 202

Course Title: FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
Topic: PHILIPPINE PHILOSOPHICAL ORIENTATION:
GLOBAL EDUCATION | EDUCATION FOR ALL
Instructor: DR. MICHELLE BRIONES - SARMIENTO
Discussant: DEVEZA, ANDREA HANA BATALLA

LEGAL BASES OF EDUCATION needs and for profitable employment. (Skill Training and
Development through Technical and Vocational Courses
4 DIMENSIONS OF LEGAL BASES OF EDUCATION IN THE
needed by the labor force)
PHILIPPINES :
Informal and Indigenous Learning includes way and
1. THE PHILIPPINES CONSTITUTION OF 1987
methods within cultural communities of preserving the
2. THE EDUCATIONAL DECREE 6-A indigenous life systems of these cultural communities.

3. THE EDUCATIONAL ACT OF 1982 OR BATAS PAMBANSA
BILANG 232
4. THE EDUCATIONAL ACT OF 1994 OR PUBLIC ACT NO
7722
EDUCATIONAL PRIORITIES RELEVANT TO SOCIAL
NEEDS
FREE PUBLIC EDUCATION - State should maintain a school
system for free public education in the elementary and
secondary school levels.
COMPULSORY ELEMENTARY EDUCATION FOR ALL
CHILDREN FOR ALL CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGE - The
provision stresses for compulsory educatudetion to address
the social problems - illiteracy, child labor, prostitution and
various crimes spawned by the lack of proper basic
education. The lack of basic education arises virtually from
ignorance. Sanctioned may be imposed on parents who
refuse to send their children of school age with valid and
justifial legal grounds.
SCHOLARSHIP - Students in both public and private schools
can avail of the scholarship grants and other forms of
financial aid and other incentives, but they must be poor
and deserving. (Selected Ethnic Group Assistance Program,
Study Now Pay Later Plan, State Scholarship for Science,
Art and Letters.)
ADULT EDUCATION AND SPECIAL EDUCATION -The
Constitutions provide training in civics, vocational efficiency
and other skills to adult citizens, the disable and out-of-
school youth. It is designed to provide training and skill
development to unemployed and underemployed youth
and adults so that can be employed.
Special Education is to meet the particular needs of
exceptional children, physically handicap or gifted.
OPTIONAL RELIGIOUS INSTRUCTION - Religious shall be
allowed to be taught on a voluntary basis in public
elementary and high schools. Parents or guardians can
express their opinion in writing regarding the choice of
religious instructions to be given to their children.
Instructions must be approved by the religious authorities
to which the children belong and no additional cost on the
part of the government.
STATE POWER OVER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS - The
State recognize the complimentary roles of public and
private schools and shall exercise supervision, regulation
and control affairs of all institutions.
Department of Education has the power to prescribe
curriculum, select textbooks and other instructional
materials. It impose disciplinary measures and exercise
other prerogatives relating to the school operation.

Private schools, The state’s authority is limited to

NON FORMAL, INFORMAL AND INDIGENOUS LEARNING
supervision and regulation. These includes, prescribing
SYSTEMS - For individual who do not have the necessary
curriculum, setting proper standards, qualification of school
means to take formal schooling, are to be trained for study
administrators, teachers and other school personnel.
programs particularly those that respond to community
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The imposition of the state minimum requirements in
educational facilities : library, laboratory rooms and
equipment and the prohibitions of subversive materials in
the school campus are government requirements to
achieve national development goals.
OWNERSHIP AND ADMINISTRATIONOF SCHOOLS - all
educational institutions shall be owned solely by the citizens
of the Philippines or corporations at least sixty percent of
the capital income, except, those established by the
religious groups or mission boards. The control and
administration of educational institutions shall be vested in
the citizens of the Philippines.
No educational institutions shall be established exclusively
for alien or group of alien shall be comprise more than one-
third of the enrollment in any school the number of foreign
students enrolled in any school shall not exceed thirty-three
percent of the total population. It does not apply to
established exclusively for foreign diplomatic personnel and
their dependents and other temporary foreign residents.
EXEMPTION FROM TAXES - Non-stock and non-profit
educational institutions, directly and exclusively for
educational purpose shall be exempted from taxes and
duties. Profit and assets must be used to improve school
facilities and academic standards of the school.
All donations, grants and endowments and other
contributions used actually and exclusively for educational
purposes are also exempt from taxation.
RIGHT OF EVERY CITIZEN TO CHOOSE A PROFESSION -
The Constitution explicitly recognized the right of every
citizen to choose a profession or a course of study, subject
to fair, reasonable, and equitable admission and academic
requirements of the school. As long as he meets the
necessary requirements, the State cannot stop any citizen
from pursuing their chosen career or profession.
RIGHT OF TEACHER TO PROFESSIONAL GROWTH - To
enhance the right of teacher to academic advancement.
Non-teaching academic personnel shall also enjoy the
protection of the State by providing healthy working
conditions, just and adequate monetary remuneration and
other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment. (Sabbatical
leave, Travel, In-Service Training Programs or Seminars for
professional advancement.)
IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE - The culture of people is the
sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human
beings and transmitted from one generation to another. It
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makes them distinct and identifiable from others. Culture,
generates a stronger sense of unity among people, a
condition, SINE QUA NON for national development. The
preservation, enrichment and dynamic evolution of a
filipino national culture should be supported, recognized,
protected and respected.
A STUDY OF THE CONSTITUTION - A PART OF THE
SCHOOL CURRICULA
The study of Constitution will acquaint the citizens of the
provisions of the fundamental law of the land and
consequently make them more aware of their rights as well
as of their duties to the government and to their country.
Also, to know the structure and functions of the different
components of their government.
RIGHTS
RIGHTS OF PARENTS
1. The right to organize by themselves with teachers for the
purpose of providing a forum for the discussion of matters
relating to the total school programs and endorsing the full
cooperation of parents and teachers in the formulation and
efficient implementation of such program.
2. The right to access to any official record directly relating
to the children who are under their parental responsibility.
RIGHT OF STUDENTS IN SCHOOL
1. Right to receive, primarily through competent
instructions, relevant quality education in line with national
goals and conducive to their full development as person
with human dignity.
2. The right to freely choose their field of study subjects to
existing curricula and continue their course up to
graduation, except in case of academic deficiency or
violation of disciplinary regulations.
3. The right to school guidance and counseling services for
making decisions and selecting the alternatives in the fields
of work suited to his potentialities.
4. The right to access his own school records, the
confidentiality of which the school shall maintain and
preserve.
5. The right to issuance certificates, diplomas, transcript of
record, grades, transfer credentials and other similar
documents within thirty days from request.
6. The right to publish a student newspaper and other 1. Parents, individually or collectively shall carry out the
publications, as well as the right to invite resource person educational objectives in accordance with national goals.
during asssemblies, symposia, and other activities of similar
2. Parents shall be obliged their children to obtain
nature.
elementary education and strive to enable to obtain
7. The right for freedom of opinion and suggestions and to secondary and higher education. (right formation of youth)
effective channels of communication with appropriate
3. Parents shall cooperate with school in the
academic and administrative bodies of the school or
implementations of the school programs - curricular and co-
institutions.
curricular.
8. The right to establish, to form, join, and participate in
STUDENTS :
organizations and societies recognized by the school.
1. To develop his potentialities for service particularly by
9. The right to be free from involuntary contributions,
undergoing an education suited to his abilities.
except those approved by their own organization or
societies. 2. Uphold the academic integrity of the school, endeavor to
achieve academic excellence.
RIGHT OF ALL SCHOOL PERSONNEL
3. Promote and maintain the peace and tranquility of the
1. The right for freedom of opinion and suggestions and to
school. By rules of discipline, attain harmonious
effective channels of communication with appropriate
relationships with fellow students, teachers, staff and other
academic and administrative bodies of the school or
personnel.
institutions.
4. Participate actively in civil affair in the promotion of the
2. The right to provide with free legal service by the
general welfare, particularly in the social, economic and
appropriate government office, in case of public personnel,
cultural development of his community.
and through the school authorities concerned in the case,
when charged in administrative, civil, criminal proceedings 5. Exercise his right responsibly in the knowledge that he i

by parties other than the school or regulatory authorities answerable for infringement or violation of the public

concerned for actions committed directly in the lawful welfare and other rights to others.

discharge of professional duties and in defense of school

INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING AND
policies.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM

3. The right to establish, join, maintain labor organization

Under the New Constitution, all institutions of the higher
and professional and self- regulating organization of their
learning, both public and private colleges and universities,
choice to promote their welfare and defend their interest.
shall enjoy academic freedom.

4. The right to be free from involuntary contributions except

EDUCATIONAK REFORMS
those imposed by their own organization.
1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of
SPECIAL RIGHT OF SHOOL ADMINISTRATORS
economic development and social progress.

In accordance with existing laws, regulations and policies

2. To assure the maximum participant of all the people in
of the Department of Education, be accorded sufficient
the attainment and enjoyment of the benefit of such
administrative discretion necessary for the efficient and
growth.
effective performance of their functions.
3. To strengthen national consciousness and promote
Admin shall be deemed persons i authority while in the
desirable cultural values in a changing world.
discharge of lawful duties and responsibilities shall
therefore be accorded due respect and protection.

DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS

PARENTS : KNOWLEDGE INNOVATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION

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> In old paradigm of teaching and learning process quality, 2. SPANISH REGIME - Education was predominantly
accessible and relevant education existed mainly within the religious. Christianity spread. Religion was the core of the
confines of the campus. curriculum.

> Over the year, university or colleges held fast to the role EDUCATION DECREE OF 1863 gave Filipino s complete
of being repositories of knowledge and watchtowers of the system of education from Elementary to collegiate level.
social order’s development. (preservation and perpetuation
3. AMERICAN REGIME - With democratic principles
of knowledge and heritage)
established for the Filipinos, a system of free public
>Today, powerful forces of change are reshaping education provided for in ACT No. 74.
civilizations and new challenges. New approaches and new
The Americans established the first primary schools in 1901
priorities are imperative. In education, creativity and
and intermediate schools in 1904. Thomasites were the
innovation have spawned adaptive technologies, new
teachers during this regime. English was used as medium
partnership, and flexible organizational structures.
of instructions.
MOVING TOWARDS GLOBALIZATION
Philippine Normal School and University of the Philippines
The Philippines can only compete globally if successfully were founded to afford Filipinos higher education.
provide human resources with world-class skills and
4. JAPANESE REGIME - more into vocational education and
knowledge by the way of initiating a series of measures to
dignity of manual labor. Introduced Japanese language -
upgrade the nations quality of tertiary-level knowledge and
NIPPONGO.
interfacing global educational institutions.
REGIONAL OFFICE - is the extension of central office.
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE
It granted commensurate authority to implement its
The CHED, along with the universities and colleges, are
responsibilities as an extension office.
required to do more than just stay in the game. The Higher
Education sector must move ahead faster than the rest. It supervise, regulates all levels and types of educational

They cannot afford to be merely reactionaries in a field that activities except universities and colleges.

is highly competitive.
CITY/PROVICIAL DIVISION

The demand is for Filipino to have quality and accessible

Under the direct supervision of the Regional Office. Headed
Higher Education that will produce people with a thirst for
by a school superintended.
scholarship and world-class productivity.
District Supervisors are small superintendents in the school
The CHED should work more intensely to make our Higher
district. Principals, head teachers are under district
Education Institutions among the best in Asia and the
supervisor.
world.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND STRUCTURE OF THE

SYSTEM The end

EDUCATIONAL EVELUTION

1. PRE-SPANISH PERIOD - Education was INFORMAL.

Formal instruction began in the home by means of crude

apprenticeship.

Institutionalized education began in the form of initiation

rites and religious ceremonies. The priest called BABAYLAN
provided a specialized training for would-be- priest.

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