Ariane 5 - Wikipedia

25/09/2018 Ariane 5 - Wikipedia
Ariane 5
Ariane 5 is a European heavy-lift launch vehicle that is part of the Ariane rocket
Ariane 5
family, an expendable launch system used to deliver payloads into geostationary
transfer orbit (GTO) or low Earth orbit (LEO).
Ariane 5 rockets are manufactured under the authority of the European Space
Agency (ESA) and the French spatial agency Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales.
Airbus Defence and Space is the prime contractor for the vehicles, leading a
consortium of other European contractors.
Ariane 5 is operated and marketed by Arianespace as part of the Ariane

programme. The rockets are launched by Arianespace from the Guiana Space
Centre in French Guiana.
Ariane 5 succeeded Ariane 4, but was not derived from it directly as Ariane 5 was
developed from scratch. Ariane 5 has been refined since the first launch in
successive versions, "G", "G+", "GS", "ECA", and most recently, "ES". ESA
originally designed Ariane 5 to launch the Hermes spaceplane, and thus intended
it to be human rated from the beginning.
Two satellites can be mounted using a SYLDA carrier (SYstème de Lancement

Double Ariane, "Ariane Double-Launch System"). Three main satellites are
possible depending on size using SPELTRA (Structure Porteuse Externe
Lancement TRiple Ariane, "Ariane Triple-Launch External Carrier Structure").
Up to eight secondary payloads, usually small experiment packages or
minisatellites, can be carried with an ASAP (Ariane Structure for Auxiliary
Payloads) platform. Ariane 5 ES with ATV-4 on board on its way to
the launch pad on June 2013
As of January 2018 Arianespace has signed contracts for Ariane 5 ECA launches Function Heavy launch vehicle
up till 2022, after planned introduction of Ariane 6 in 2020.[4] Ariane 5 ES is also
Manufacturer Airbus Defence and Space
expected to retire in July 2018, after the launch of the last quartet of Galileo
for
navigation satellites.[4]
ESA, Arianespace and
CNES
Country of 20 ESA member states
Contents origin
Vehicle description Cost per launch $165–220M[1]
Cryogenic main stage
Size
Solid boosters
Second stage Height 46–52 m (151–171 ft)
Fairing Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
Variants
Mass 777,000 kg (1,713,000 lb)
Launch pricing and market competition
Stages 2
Future developments
Ariane 5 ME Capacity
Development Payload to LEO G: 16,000 kg (35,000 lb)
Solid propellant stage (260 km (162 mi) ES: over 20,000 kg
Ariane 6
circular, 51.6°) (44,000 lb)[2]
Notable launches
Payload to GTO G: 6,950 kg (15,320 lb)
GTO payload weight records
VA241 anomaly G+: 6,950 kg (15,320 lb)
Launch history GS: 6,100 kg (13,400 lb)
Launch statistics
ECA: 11,115 kg
Rocket configurations
(24,504 lb)[3]
Launch outcomes
Launch history Associated rockets
Scheduled flights
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_5 1/20
See also
Family Ariane
References Comparable Atlas V 551 · Delta IV

External links Heavy · Falcon 9 FT · H-IIB
· Long March 5 · Proton-M
Launch history
Vehicle description Status G: Retired
G+: Retired
Cryogenic main GS: Retired
stage ECA: Active

ES: Retired
Launch sites Guiana Space Centre ELA-
3
Total launches 99
G: 16 · G+: 3 · GS: 6
ECA: 66 · ES: 8
Successes 94
G: 13 · G+: 3 · GS: 6
ECA: 64 · ES: 8
Failures 2 (G: 1, ECA: 1)
Partial failures 3 (G: 2, ECA: 1)
First flight G: 4 June 1996
G+: 2 March 2004
GS: 11 August 2005
ECA: 11 December 2002
ES: 9 March 2008
Last flight G: 27 September 2003
G+: 18 December 2004
Cut drawing of an Ariane 5 ECA GS: 18 December 2009

ECA: 5 April 2018
Ariane 5’s cryogenic H173 main stage (H158 for ES: 25 July 2018
Ariane 5 G, G+, and GS) is called the EPC (Étage Notable XMM-Newton · Envisat ·
Principal Cryotechnique—Cryotechnic Main payloads Rosetta · ATV · Herschel ·
Stage). It consists of a large tank 30.5 metres high Planck · Galileo
with two compartments, one for liquid oxygen and
one for liquid hydrogen, and a Vulcain 2 engine at
Boosters (G, G+) – EAP P238
the base with a vacuum thrust of 1,390 No. boosters 2
kilonewtons (310,000 pounds-force). The H173 Length 31.6 m (104 ft)
EPC weighs about 189 tonnes, including
Diameter 3.06 m (10.0 ft)
175 tonnes of propellant.[5] After the main
Gross mass 270 tonnes (300 tons)
cryogenic stage runs out of fuel, it re-enters the
atmosphere for an ocean splashdown. Engines P238
Thrust 6,650 kN (1,490,000 lbf)
Vulcain II engine Solid boosters Total thrust 13,300 kN (3,000,000 lbf)
Attached to the sides are two P241 (P238 for

Burn time 130 s
Ariane 5 G and G+) solid rocket boosters (SRBs or Fuel AP, Al, HTPB
EAPs from the French Étages d’Accélération à Poudre), each weighing about 277 Boosters (GS, ECA, ES) – EAP P241
tonnes full and delivering a thrust of about 7,080 kilonewtons (1,590,000
No. boosters 2
pounds-force). They are fueled by a mix of ammonium perchlorate (68%) and
Length 31.6 m (104 ft)
aluminum fuel (18%) and HTPB (14%). They each burn for 130 seconds before
being dropped into the ocean. The SRBs are usually allowed to sink to the bottom Diameter 3.06 m (10.0 ft)
of the ocean, but, like the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters, they can be Empty mass 33 tonnes (36 tons)
recovered with parachutes, and this has occasionally been done for post-flight Gross mass 273 tonnes (301 tons)
analysis. (Unlike Space Shuttle SRBs, Ariane 5 boosters are not reused.) The most Engines P241
recent attempt was for the first Ariane 5 ECA mission. One of the two boosters
Thrust 7,080 kN (1,590,000 lbf)
was successfully recovered and returned to the Guiana Space Center for
analysis.[6] Prior to that mission, the last such recovery and testing was done in Total thrust 14,160 kN (3,180,000 lbf)
2003. Burn time 140 s
Fuel AP, Al, HTPB
The French M51 SLBM shares a substantial amount of technology with these
boosters. Core stage (G, G+, GS) – EPC H158
In February 2000 the suspected nose cone of an Ariane 5 booster washed ashore
Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
on the South Texas coast, and was recovered by beachcombers before the
government could get to it.[7] Empty mass 12,200 kg (26,900 lb)
Gross mass 170,500 kg (375,900 lb)
Second stage Engines G, G+: Vulcain 1

GS: Vulcain 1B
The second stage is on top of the main stage and below the payload. The Ariane 5
G used the EPS (Étage à Propergols Stockables—Storable Propellant Stage),
Thrust 1,015 kN (228,000 lbf)
which is fueled by monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and nitrogen tetroxide. It also
(vacuum)
has 10 tonnes of storable propellants. The EPS was improved for use on the Specific impulse 440 s (vacuum)
Ariane 5 G+, GS, and ES. Ariane 5 ECA uses the ESC (Étage Supérieur Burn time 605 s
Cryotechnique—Cryogenic Upper Stage), which is fueled by liquid hydrogen and
Fuel LH2 / LOX
liquid oxygen.
Core stage (ECA, ES) – EPC H173
The EPS upper stage is capable of multiple ignitions, first demonstrated during Length 23.8 m (78 ft)
flight V26 which was launched on 5 October 2007. This was purely to test the
engine, and occurred after the payloads had been deployed. The first operational
use of restart capability as part of a mission came on 9 March 2008, when two Empty mass 14,700 kg (32,400 lb)
burns were made to deploy the first Automated Transfer Vehicle into a circular Gross mass 184,700 kg (407,200 lb)
parking orbit, followed by a third burn after ATV deployment to de-orbit the Engines Vulcain 2
stage. This procedure was repeated for all subsequent ATV flights.
Thrust 960 kN (220,000 lbf) (sea
level)
Fairing 1,390 kN (310,000 lbf)
(vacuum)
The payload and all upper stages are covered at launch by a fairing, which is
jettisoned once sufficient altitude has been reached (typically above 100 km). The Specific impulse 310 s (sea level)
fairing is also used for aerodynamic stability and protection from heating during 432 s (vacuum)
supersonic flight and acoustic loads. Burn time 540 s
Fuel LH2 / LOX
Variants Second stage (G) – EPS L9.7
Empty mass 1,200 kg (2,600 lb)
Gross mass 10,900 kg (24,000 lb)
Engines Aestus
Thrust 27 kN (6,100 lbf)
Burn time 1100 s
Fuel MMH / N2O4
Second stage (G+, GS, ES) – EPS L10
Engines Aestus
Variant Description Thrust 27 kN (6,100 lbf)
The original version is dubbed Ariane 5 G (Generic) and had a Burn time 1170 s
launch mass of 737 tonnes. Its payload capability to
geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) was 6,900 kg (15,200 lb) for a
Fuel MMH / N2O4
G
single satellite or 6,100 kg (13,400 lb) for dual launches. It flew Second stage (ECA) – ESC-A
17 times with one failure and two partial failures.[8]
Length 4.711 m (15.46 ft)
The Ariane 5 G+ had an improved EPS second stage, with a
GTO capacity of 7,100 kg (15,700 lb) for a single payload or Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
G+
6,300 kg (13,900 lb) for two. It flew three times in 2004, with no
failures.[9]
At the time of the failure of the first Ariane 5 ECA flight in 2002,
all Ariane 5 launchers in production were ECA versions. Some Engines HM7B
of the ECA cores were modified to use the original Vulcain
engine and tank volumes while the failure was investigated; Thrust 67 kN (15,000 lbf)
these vehicles were designated Ariane 5 GS. The GS used the
improved EAP boosters of the ECA variant and the improved Specific impulse 446 s
GS EPS of the G+ variant, but the increased mass of the modified Burn time 945 s
ECA core compared to the G and G+ core resulted in slightly
reduced payload capacity.[10] Ariane 5 GS could carry a single Fuel LH2 / LOX
payload of 6,600 kg (14,600 lb) or a dual payload of 5,800 kg
(12,800 lb) to GTO. The Ariane 5 GS flew 6 times from 2005 to
2009 with no failures.[11]
The Ariane 5 ECA (Evolution Cryotechnique type A), first
successfully flown in 2005, uses an improved Vulcain 2 first-
stage engine with a longer, more efficient nozzle with a more
efficient flow cycle and denser propellant ratio. The new ratio
required length modifications to the first-stage tanks. The EPS
second stage was replaced by the ESC-A (Etage Supérieur
Cryogénique-A), which has a dry weight of 2,100 kg (4,600 lb)
ECA and is powered by an HM-7B engine burning 14,000 kg
(31,000 lb) of cryogenic propellant. The ESC-A uses the liquid
oxygen tank and lower structure from the Ariane 4's H10 third
stage, mated to a new liquid hydrogen tank. Additionally, the
EAP booster casings were lightened with new welds and carry
more propellant. The Ariane 5 ECA has a GTO launch capacity
of 9,100 kg (20,100 lb) for dual payloads or 9,600 kg (21,200 lb)
for a single payload.[12]
The Ariane 5 ES (Evolution Storable) has an estimated LEO
launch capacity of 21,000 kg (46,000 lb). It includes all the
performance improvements of Ariane 5 ECA core and boosters
but replaces the ESC-A second stage with the restartable EPS
used on Ariane 5 GS variants. It was used to launch the
ES
Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) into a 260 km circular low
Earth orbit inclined at 51.6° and has been used to launch four
Galileo navigation satellites at a time directly into their
operational orbit.[2] The Ariane 5 ES flew 8 times from 2008 to
2018 with no failures.
The Ariane 5 ME (Mid-life Evolution) was under development
until the end of 2014. The last ESA ministerial council of
ME December 2014 has cut further funding for Ariane 5 ME in
(cancelled) favour of developing Ariane 6. Last activities for Ariane 5 ME
were completed at the end of 2015. Activities on development of
the VINCI upper stage were transferred to Ariane 6.
Launch system status: Retired · Cancelled · Operational · Under development
Launch pricing and market competition

As of November 2014, the Ariane 5 commercial launch price for launching a "midsize satellite in the lower position" is approximately
US$60 million,[13] competing for commercial launches in an increasingly competitive market.
The heavier satellite launched in the upper position on a typical dual-satellite Ariane 5 launch is priced higher,[14] on the order of €90
million.[15][16]
Total launch price of an Ariane 5—which can transport up to two satellites to space, one in the "upper" and one in the "lower" positions—
is around 150 million Euro as of January 2015.[16]
Future developments
Ariane 5 ME
The Ariane 5 ME (Mid-life Evolution) was in development until 2015 and seen as a stopgap between Ariane 5 ECA/Ariane 5 ES and the
new Ariane 6. With first flight planned for 2018, it would have become ESA's principal launcher until the arrival of the new Ariane 6
version.
The Ariane 5 ME uses a new upper stage, with increased propellant volume, powered by the new Vinci engine. Unlike the HM-7B engine,
it can restart several times, allowing for complex orbital maneuvers such as insertion of two satellites into different orbits, direct insertion
into geosynchronous orbit, planetary exploration missions, and guaranteed upper stage deorbiting or insertion into graveyard
orbit.[17][18]
The new launcher also includes a lengthened fairing up to 20m and a new dual launch system to accommodate larger satellites.
Compared to an Ariane 5 ECA model, the payload to GTO increases by 15% to 11.5 tonnes and the cost-per-kilogram of each launch is
projected to decline by 20%.[17]
Development
Originally known as the Ariane 5 ECB, Ariane 5 ME was to have its first flight in 2006. However, the failure of the first ECA flight in
2002, combined with a deteriorating satellite industry, caused ESA to cancel development in 2003.[19] Development of the Vinci engine
continued, though at a lower pace. The ESA Council of Ministers agreed to fund development of the new upper stage in November
2008.[20] In 2009, EADS Astrium was awarded a €200 million contract,[21] and on April 10, 2012 received another €112 million contract
to continue development of the Ariane 5 ME[22] with total development effort expected to cost €1 billion.[23]
On 21 November 2012, ESA agreed to continue with the Ariane 5 ME to meet the challenge of lower priced competitors. It was agreed the
Vinci upper stage would also be used as the second stage of a new Ariane 6, and further commonality would be sought.[18] Ariane 5 ME
qualification flight is scheduled for mid-2018, followed by gradual introduction into service.[17]
On 2 December 2014, ESA decided to stop funding the development of Ariane 5 ME and instead focus on Ariane 6 which should have a
lower cost per launch and allow more flexibility in the payloads (using two or four P120C solid boosters depending on total payload
mass).[24]
Solid propellant stage

Work on the Ariane 5 EAP motors has been continued in the Vega programme. The Vega 1st stage engine—the P80 engine—is a shorter
derivation of the EAP.[25] The P80 booster casing is made of filament wound graphite epoxy, much lighter than the current stainless steel
casing. A new composite steerable nozzle has been developed while new thermal insulation material and a narrower throat improve the
expansion ratio and subsequently the overall performance. Additionally, the nozzle now has electromechanical actuators which have
replaced the heavier hydraulic ones used for thrust vector control.
These developments will probably later make their way back into the Ariane programme.[18][26] The incorporation of the ESC-B with the
improvements to the solid motor casing and an uprated Vulcain engine would deliver 27,000 kilograms (60,000 lb) to LEO. This would
be developed for any lunar missions but the performance of such a design may not be possible if the higher Max-Q for the launch of this
rocket poses a constraint on the mass delivered to orbit.[27]
Ariane 6
The design brief of the next generation rocket Ariane 6 called for a lower-cost and smaller rocket capable of launching a single satellite of
up to 6.5 tonnes to GTO.[28] However, after several permutations the finalized design was nearly identical in performance to the Ariane 5,
focusing instead on lowering fabrication costs and launch prices.
Development is projected to cost €4 billion. Its first test launch is set for not earlier than 16 July 2020.[29] As of March 2014, Ariane 6 is
projected to be launched for about €70 million per flight or about half of the Ariane 5 current price.[28]
Notable launches
Ariane 5's first test flight (Ariane 5 Flight 501) on 4 June 1996 failed, with the rocket self-destructing 37 seconds after launch because of a
malfunction in the control software.[30] A data conversion from 64-bit floating point value to 16-bit signed integer value to be stored in a
variable representing horizontal bias caused a processor trap (operand error)[31] because the floating point value was too large to be
represented by a 16-bit signed integer. The software was originally written for the Ariane 4 where efficiency considerations (the computer
running the software had an 80% maximum workload requirement[31]) led to four variables being protected with a handler while three
others, including the horizontal bias variable, were left unprotected because it was thought
that they were "physically limited or that there was a large margin of safety".[31] The software,
written in Ada, was included in the Ariane 5 through the reuse of an entire Ariane 4
subsystem despite the fact that the particular software containing the bug, which was just a
part of the subsystem, was not required by the Ariane 5 because it has a different preparation
sequence[31] than the Ariane 4.
The second test flight (L502, on 30 October 1997) was a partial failure. The Vulcain nozzle
caused a roll problem, leading to premature shutdown of the core stage. The upper stage Launch of the 34th Ariane 5 at
operated successfully, but it could not reach the intended orbit. Kourou
A subsequent test flight (L503, on 21 October 1998) proved successful and the first
commercial launch (L504) occurred on 10 December 1999 with the launch of the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory satellite.
Another partial failure occurred on 12 July 2001, with the delivery of two satellites into an incorrect orbit, at only half the height of the
intended GTO. The ESA Artemis telecommunications satellite was able to reach its intended orbit on 31 January 2003, through the use of
its experimental ion propulsion system.
The next launch did not occur until 1 March 2002, when the Envisat environmental satellite successfully reached an orbit 800 km above
the Earth in the 11th launch. At 8111 kg, it was the heaviest single payload until the launch of the first ATV on 9 March 2008 (19,360 kg).
The first launch of the ECA variant on 11 December 2002 ended in failure when a main booster problem caused the rocket to veer off-
course, forcing its self-destruction three minutes into the flight. Its payload of two communications satellites (Stentor and Hot Bird 7),
valued at about EUR 630 million, was lost in the ocean. The fault was determined to have been caused by a leak in coolant pipes allowing
the nozzle to overheat. After this failure, Arianespace SA delayed the expected January 2003 launch for the Rosetta mission to 26
February 2004, but this was again delayed to early March 2004 due to a minor fault in the foam that protects the cryogenic tanks on the
Ariane 5. As of June 2017, the failure of the first ECA launch was the last failure of an Ariane 5; since then, all subsequent launches have
been successful, with 82 consecutive successes that stretch back to 9 April 2003 with the launch of INSAT-3A and Galaxy 12 satellites.[32]
On 27 September 2003 the last Ariane 5 G boosted three satellites (including the first European lunar probe, SMART-1), in Flight 162. On
18 July 2004 an Ariane 5 G+ boosted what was at the time the heaviest telecommunication satellite ever, Anik F2, weighing almost
6,000 kg.
The first successful launch of the Ariane 5 ECA took place on 12 February 2005. The payload consisted of the XTAR-EUR military
communications satellite, a 'SLOSHSAT' small scientific satellite and a MaqSat B2 payload simulator. The launch had been originally
scheduled for October 2004, but additional testing and the military requiring a launch at that time (of a Helios 2A observation satellite)
delayed the attempt.
On 11 August 2005, the first Ariane 5 GS (featuring the Ariane 5 ECA's improved solid motors) boosted Thaïcom-4/iPStar-1, the heaviest
telecommunications satellite to date at 6,505 kg,[33] into orbit.
On 16 November 2005, the third Ariane 5 ECA launch (the second successful ECA launch) took place. It carried a dual payload consisting
of Spaceway-F2 for DirecTV and Telkom-2 for PT Telekomunikasi of Indonesia. This was the rocket's heaviest dual payload to date, at
more than 8,000 kg.
On 27 May 2006, an Ariane 5 ECA rocket set a new commercial payload lifting record of 8.2 tonnes. The dual-payload consisted of the
Thaicom 5 and Satmex 6 satellites.[34]
On 4 May 2007 the Ariane 5 ECA set another new commercial record, lifting into transfer orbit the Astra 1L and Galaxy 17
communication satellites with a combined weight of 8.6 tonnes, and a total payload weight of 9.4 tonnes.[35] This record was again
broken by another Ariane 5 ECA, launching the Skynet 5B and Star One C1 satellites, on 11 November 2007. The total payload weight for
this launch was 9,535 kg.[36]
On 9 March 2008, the first Ariane 5 ES-ATV was launched to deliver the first ATV called Jules Verne to the International Space Station.
The ATV was the heaviest payload ever launched by a European rocket, providing supplies to the space station with necessary propellant,
water, air and dry cargo. This was the first operational Ariane mission which involved an engine restart in the upper stage. (The ES-ATV
Aestus EPS upper stage was restartable while the ECA HM7-B engine was not.)
On 1 July 2009, an Ariane 5 ECA launched TerreStar-1 (now EchoStar T1), which was then, at 6,910 kg (15,230 lb), the largest and most
massive commercial telecommunication satellite ever built at that time[37] until being overtaken by Telstar 19 Vantage, at 7,080 kg
(15,610 lb), launched aboard Falcon 9.[38]
On 28 October 2010, an Ariane 5 ECA launched Eutelsat's W3B (part of its W Series of satellites) and Broadcasting Satellite System
Corporation (B-SAT)'s BSAT-3b satellites into orbit. But the W3B satellite failed to operate shortly after the successful launch and was
written off as a total loss due to an oxidizer leak in the satellite's main propulsion system.[39] The BSAT-3b satellite, however, is operating
normally.[40]
GTO payload weight records

On 22 April 2011, the Ariane 5 ECA flight VA-201 broke a commercial record, lifting Yahsat 1A and Intelsat New Dawn with a total
payload weight of 10,064 kg to transfer orbit.[41] This record was later broken again during the launch of Ariane 5 ECA flight VA-208 on 2
August 2012, lifting a total of 10,182 kg into the planned geosynchronous transfer orbit,[42] which was broken again 6 months later on
flight VA-212 with 10,317 kg sent towards geosynchronous transfer orbit.[43] In June 2016 the GTO record was raised to 10,730 kg,[44] on
the first rocket in history that carried a satellite dedicated to financial institutions.[45] The payload record was pushed a further 5 kg to
10,735 kg (23,667 lb) on 24 August with the launch of Intelsat 33e and Intelsat 36.[46] On 1 June 2017, the payload record was broken
again to 10,865 kg (23,953 lb) carrying ViaSat 2 and Eutelsat 172B.[47]
VA241 anomaly
On 25 January 2018, an Ariane 5 ECA launched SES-14 and Al Yah 3 satellites. About 9 minutes and 28 seconds after launch, a telemetry
loss occurred between the rocket and the ground controllers. It was later confirmed, about 1 hour and 20 minutes after launch, that both
satellites were successfully separated from the upper stage and were in contact with their respective ground controllers,[48] but that their
orbital inclinations were incorrect as the guidance systems might have been compromised. Therefore, both satellites conducted orbital
make-up procedure, extending commissioning time.[49] SES-14 needs about 4 weeks longer than planned commissioning time, meaning
that entry into service now expected in August instead of July.[50] Nevertheless, SES-14 is still expected to be able to meet the designed
life time, since it was originally to be launched on a Falcon 9 rocket and has more propellant reserve as the Falcon 9 usually deploys
geostationary satellites into a high inclination orbit that requires more work from the payload to reach their final geostationary orbit.[51]
The Al Yah 3 was also confirmed healthy after more than 12 hours without further statement, and like SES-14, Al Yah 3's maneuvering
plan was also revised to still fulfill the original mission.[52] As of 16 February 2018, Al Yah 3 was approaching the intended geostationary
orbit, after series of recovery maneuvers had been performed.[53] The investigation showed that invalid inertial units' azimuth value had
sent the vehicle 17° off course but to the intended altitude, they had been programmed for the standard geostationary transfer orbit of
90° when the payloads were intended to be 70° for this supersynchronous transfer orbit mission, 20° off norm.[54] This mission anomaly
marked the end of 82nd consecutive success streak since 2003.[55]
Launch history
Launch statistics
Ariane 5 rockets have accumulated 99 launches since 1996, 94 of which were successful, yielding a 94.9% success rate. Between April
2003 and December 2017, Ariane 5 flew 82 consecutive missions without failure, but suffered a partial failure in January 2018.
Rocket configurations Launch outcomes

7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2
G ES Failure Success
G+ ECA Partial failure
GS
Launch history
All launches are from Kourou ELA-3.
Flight Date Rocket type Payload Launch

# Payload Orbit Customers
№ Time (UTC) Serial № mass outcome
4 June 1996 G
1 V- 88[56] Cluster Failure
12:34 501
MaqSat-H,
30 October 1997 G TEAMSAT, Partial
2 V-101
13:43 502 MaqSat-B, failure[57]
YES
21 October 1998 G MaqSat 3,
3 V-112 Success
16:37 503 ARD
10 December 1999 G XMM-
4 V-119 HEO Success
14:32 504 Newton
21 March 2000 G INSAT-3B
5 V-128 GTO Success
23:28[58] 505 AsiaStar
14 September 2000 G Astra 2B

6 V-130 GTO Success
22:54[58] 506 GE-7
PanAmSat-
16 November 2000 1R
G
7 V-135 Amsat-P3D GTO Success
01:07[58] 507
STRV 1C
STRV 1D
20 December 2000 Astra 2D

G
8 V-138 GE-8 GTO Success
00:26[58] 508
LDREX
8 March 2001 G Eurobird-1
9 V-140 GTO Success
22:51[58] 509 BSAT-2a
GTO
12 July 2001 G Artemis (planned) Partial
21:58[58] 510 BSAT-2b MEO failure
10 V-142 (achieved)
Upper stage underperformed, payloads were placed in a useless orbit. Artemis was raised to its target orbit at the
expense of operational fuel; BSat was not recoverable.
1 March 2002 G
11 V-145 Envisat SSO Success
01:07[58] 511
5 July 2002 G Stellat 5

12 V-153 GTO Success
23:22[58] 512 NStar-C
Atlantic Bird
28 August 2002 G 1
22:45[58] 513 MSG-1
MFD
Hot Bird 7
11 December 2002 ECA Stentor GTO
Failure
14 V-157 22:22[58] 517 MFD-A (planned)
MFD-B
Maiden flight of Ariane 5ECA, first stage engine failure, rocket destroyed by range safety.
9 April 2003 G Insat 3A
22:52[58] 514 Galaxy 12
11 June 2003 G Optus C1

22:38[58] 515 BSat 2c
27 September 2003 Insat 3E

G
eBird-1 GTO Success
17 V-162 23:14[58] 516
SMART-1
Final flight of Ariane 5G
2 March 2004 G+
Rosetta Heliocentric Success
18 V-158 07:17[58] 518
Maiden flight of Ariane 5G+

18 July 2004 G+
19 V-163 Anik F2 GTO Success
00:44[58] 519

Helios 2A
Essaim-1
18 December 2004 Essaim-2
G+
Essaim-3 SSO Success
20 V-165 16:26[58] 520
Essaim-4
PARASOL
Nanosat 01
Final flight of Ariane 5G+
XTAR-EUR
12 February 2005 ECA Maqsat-B2
21:03[58] 521 Sloshsat-
FLEVO
11 August 2005 GS
iPStar-1 GTO Success
22 V-166 08:20[58] 523
Maiden flight of Ariane 5GS

13 October 2005 GS Syracuse 3A
22:32[58] 524 Galaxy 15
16 November 2005 ECA Spaceway-2

23:46[58] 522 Telkom-2
21 December 2005 GS INSAT-4A

23:33[58] 525 MSG-2
11 March 2006 ECA Spainsat

22:33[58] 527 Hot Bird 7A
27 May 2006 ECA Satmex-6

21:09[58] 529 Thaicom-5
11 August 2006 ECA JCSAT-10

22:15[58] 531 Syracuse 3B
13 October 2006 DirecTV-9S

ECA
29 V-173 Optus D1 GTO Success
20:56[58] 533
LDREX-2
8 December 2006 ECA WildBlue-1
22:08[58] 534 AMC-18
11 March 2007 ECA Skynet 5A

22:03[58] 535 Insat 4B
4 May 2007 ECA Astra 1L

22:29[58] 536 Galaxy 17
14 August 2007 ECA Spaceway-3

23:44[58] 537 BSat-3A
5 October 2007 GS Intelsat 11

22:02[58] 526 Optus D2
14 November 2007 ECA Skynet 5B

22:03[58] 538 Star One C1
21 December 2007 Rascom-

GS
36 V-180 QAF1 GTO Success
21:41[58] 530
Horizons-2
9 March 2008 ES Jules Verne
LEO (ISS) Success
37 V-181 04:03[58] 528 ATV
Maiden flight of Ariane 5ES

18 April 2008 ECA Star One C2
22:17[58] 539 Vinasat-1
12 June 2008 ECA Skynet 5C

22:05 540 Turksat 3A
7 July 2008 ECA ProtoStar-1
21:47 541 Badr-6
14 August 2008 ECA Superbird-7
20:44 542 AMC-21

Hot Bird 9
20 December 2008 ECA
42 V-186 Eutelsat GTO Success
22:35 543
W2M
Hot Bird 10
12 February 2009 ECA NSS-9
22:09 545 Spirale-A
Spirale-B
Herschel
14 May 2009 ECA Space Sun-Earth
44 V-188 Success
13:12 546 Observatory L2 point
Planck
1 July 2009 ECA
45 V-189 TerreStar-1 GTO Success
19:52 547
21 August 2009 ECA JCSAT-12
22:09 548 Optus D3
Amazonas 2
1 October 2009 ECA
47 V-191 COMSATBw- GTO Success
21:59 549
1
29 October 2009 ECA NSS-12
20:00 550 Thor-6
18 December 2009 GS
Helios 2B SSO Success
49 V-193 16:26 532
Final flight of Ariane 5GS
Astra 3B
21 May 2010 ECA SES
50 V-194 COMSATBw- 9,116 kg GTO Success
22:01 551 MilSat Services
2
26 June 2010 ECA Arabsat-5A Arabsat
51 V-195 8,393 kg GTO Success
21:41 552 Chollian KARI
Nilesat-201
4 August 2010 ECA Nilesat
52 V-196 RASCOM- 7,085 kg GTO Success
20:59 554 RASCOM
QAF 1R
Eutelsat
28 October 2010 ECA Eutelsat
W3B 8,263 kg GTO Success
21:51 555 B-SAT
53 V-197 BSAT-3b
Eutelsat W3B suffered a leak in the propulsion system shortly after launch and was declared a total loss.[59] BSAT-3b
is operating normally.
Intelsat
26 November 2010 ECA Intelsat 17
54 V-198 8,867 kg GTO Avanti Success
18:39 556 HYLAS-1
Communications
29 December 2010 ECA Koreasat 6 KT Corporation
55 V-199 9,259 kg GTO Success
21:27 557 Hispasat-1E Hispasat
16 February 2011 ES Johannes
56 V-200 20,050 kg LEO (ISS) ESA Success
21:50 544 Kepler ATV
22 April 2011 ECA Yahsat 1A AlYahsat
10,064 kg GTO Success
21:37 558 New Dawn Intelsat
57 VA-201
Launch was scrubbed from 30 March, aborted in the last seconds before liftoff due to a gimbal malfunction in the
Vulcain main engine.[60]
Singapore
20 May 2011 ECA ST-2
58 VA-202 9,013 kg GTO Telecom Success
20:38 559 GSAT-8
ISRO
Astra 1N
6 August 2011 ECA SES
59 VA-203 BSAT-3c / 9,095 kg GTO Success
22:52 560 B-SAT
JCSAT-110R
21 September 2011 ECA Arabsat-5C Arabsat
60 VA-204 8,974 kg GTO Success
21:38 561 SES-2 SES
23 March 2012 ES Edoardo
61 VA-205 20,060 kg LEO (ISS) ESA Success
04:34 553 Amaldi ATV
15 May 2012 ECA JCSAT-13 JSAT
22:13 562 Vinasat-2 VNPT

EchoStar
5 July 2012 ECA EchoStar
63 VA-207 XVII 9,647 kg GTO Success
21:36 563 EUMETSAT
MSG-3
Intelsat
2 August 2012 ECA Intelsat 20
64 VA-208 10,182 kg GTO Avanti Success
20:54 564 HYLAS 2
Communications
28 September 2012 ECA Astra 2F SES
21:18 565 GSAT-10 ISRO
10 November 2012 ECA Eutelsat 21B Eutelsat
21:05 566 Star One C3 Star One
19 December 2012 ECA Skynet 5D Astrium
21:49 567 MEXSAT-3 MEXSAT
Amazonas-3
7 February 2013 ECA Azerspace- Hispasat
21:36 568 1/Africasat- Azercosmos[61]
1a
5 June 2013 ES Albert
69 VA-213 20,252 kg LEO (ISS) ESA Success
21:52 592 Einstein ATV
Alphasat I-
25 July 2013 ECA Inmarsat
70 VA-214 XL 9,760 kg GTO Success
19:54 569 ISRO
INSAT-3D
Eutelsat
29 August 2013 ECA Eutelsat
71 VA-215 25B/Es'hail 1 9,790 kg GTO Success
20:30 570 ISRO
GSAT-7
ABS-2
6 February 2014 ECA
72 VA-217 Athena- 10,214 kg GTO DIRISI Success
21:30 572
Fidus
Astra 5B
22 March 2014 ECA SES
73 VA-216 Amazonas 9,579 kg GTO Success
22:04 571 Hispasat
4A
Georges
29 July 2014 ES
74 VA-219 Lemaître 20,293 kg LEO (ISS) ESA Success
23:47 593
ATV
MEASAT
11 September 2014 ECA MEASAT 3b Satellite
22:05 573 Optus 10 Systems
Optus
16 October 2014 ECA Intelsat 30 Intelsat
21:43 574 ARSAT-1 AR-SAT
6 December 2014 ECA DirecTV-14 DirecTV
20:40 575 GSAT-16 ISRO
British Satellite
26 April 2015 ECA Thor 7 Broadcasting
20:00 576 SICRAL-2 French Armed
Forces
DirecTV-15
27 May 2015 ECA DirecTV
79 VA-223 Sky Mexico 9,960 kg GTO Success
21:16 577 Sky México
1
15 July 2015 ECA Star One C4 Star One
21:42 578 MSG-4 EUMETSAT
Eutelsat 8
20 August 2015 ECA Eutelsat
81 VA-225 West B 9,922 kg GTO Success
20:34 579 Intelsat
Intelsat 34
National
30 September 2015 ECA NBN Co 1A Broadband
20:30 580 ARSAT-2 Network
ARSAT
10 November 2015 ECA Arabsat 6B Arabsat
21:34 581 GSAT-15 ISRO
27 January 2016 ECA
84 VA-228 Intelsat 29e 6,700 kg GTO Intelsat Success
23:20 583

9 March 2016 ECA Eutelsat 65
85 VA-229 6,707 kg GTO Eutelsat Success
05:20 582 West A
EchoStar
18 June 2016 ECA EchoStar 18
10,730 kg GTO Bank Rakyat Success
21:38 584 BRISat
86 VA-230 Indonesia
This mission carried the first satellite owned by a financial institution.[62]

24 August 2016 ECA Intelsat 33e
10,735 kg GTO Intelsat Success
22:16 586 Intelsat 36
87 VA-232 Intelsat 33e's LEROS apogee engine, which supposed to perform orbit raising, failed soon after its successful launch,
forcing to use the experimentation of low-thrust reaction control system which extended the commissioning time 3
months longer than expected.[63] Later, it suffered other thruster problems which cut its operational life time for about
3.5 years.[64]
National
5 October 2016 ECA NBN Co 1B Broadband
20:30 585 GSAT-18 Network
INSAT
Galileo FOC-
M6
17 November 2016 ES
89 VA-233 (satellites 3,290 kg MEO ESA Success
13:06 594
FM-7, 12,
13, 14)
Star One
21 December 2016 ECA Star One D1
90 VA-234 10,722 kg GTO SKY Perfect Success
20:30 587 JCSAT-15
JSAT Group
Intelsat, DirecTV
Intelsat 32e /
14 February 2017 ECA Latin America
SkyBrasil-1 10,485 kg GTO Success
21:39 588 Telkom
Telkom 3S
91 VA-235 Indonesia
This mission carried the first Intelsat EpicNG satellite based on the Eurostar E3000 platform, while other Intelsat
EpicNG satellites were based on BSS-702MP platform.[65]
4 May 2017 ECA Koreasat 7 KT Corporation
21:50 589 SGDC-1 SGDC
92 VA-236
The launch was delayed from March 2018 due to transportation to the launch site being restricted by a blockade
erected by striking workers.[66]
ViaSat 2
1 June 2017 ECA ViaSat
Eutelsat 10,865 kg GTO Success
23:45 590 Eutelsat
172B
93 VA-237
Heaviest and most expensive commercial payload ever put into orbit,[67] valued at approximately $800 million (~$1
billion including the rocket).[68] ViaSat-2 suffered antenna glitch, which cut about 15% of its intended throughput.[69]
EuropaSat / Inmarsat / Hellas
28 June 2017 ECA
94 VA-238 Hellas Sat 3 10,177 kg GTO Sat Success
21:15 591
GSAT-17 INSAT
29 September 2017 ECA Intelsat 37e Intelsat
21:56 5100 BSAT-4a B-SAT
95 VA-239
Launch was scrubbed from 5 September due to electrical fault in one of the solid rocket boosters that caused launch
abort in the last seconds before liftoff.[70]
Galileo FOC-
M7
12 December 2017 ES
96 VA-240 (satellites 3,282 kg MEO ESA Success
18:36 595
FM-19, 20,
21, 22)
SES-14 with
25 January 2018 ECA SES, NASA Partial
GOLD 9,123 kg Super-GTO
22:20 5101 AlYahsat failure
Al Yah 3
97 VA-241 Telemetry from the launch vehicle was lost after 9 minutes 30 seconds into the flight, after rocket trajectory went off
course due to invalid inertial units' azimuth value.[54] Satellites later found to have separated from the upper stage
and entered an incorrect orbit with large inclination deviations.[71][72] However, they were able to reach the planned
orbit with small loss of on board propellant for SES-14 and still expected to meet the designed life time,[73] but with
significant loss on Al Yah 3 (up to 50% of its intended operational life).[74][75]

Japanese MoD,
Superbird-8 / SKY Perfect
5 April 2018 ECA
DSN-1 10,260 kg GTO JSAT Group Success
21:34 5102
98 VA-242 HYLAS-4 Avanti
Communications
Return-to-flight mission after VA-241 mishap in 25 January.[76]

Galileo FOC-
M8
25 July 2018 ES
(satellites 3,379 kg MEO ESA Success
99 VA-244 11:25 596
FM-23, 24,
25, 26)
Final flight of Ariane 5ES.
Scheduled flights
As of January 2018 Ariane 5 had 18 missions on its launch manifest, including 15 for pairs of satellites.[77] Up to seven launches are
planned for the year 2018: five with dual communications satellites due to geosynchronous orbit, and one with 4 Galileo satellites, with
the final one carrying the BepiColombo mission.[77]
Date / time Rocket,

Launch site Payload Orbit Customer
(UTC) Configuration
SKY Perfect
25 September Horizons-3e[80] JSAT Group
ECA Kourou ELA-3 GSO
2018[78] Azerspace-2 / Intelsat 38[81] Intelsat
Azercosmos
21:53–22:38[79]
VA-243[78]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 BepiColombo Heliocentric ESA / JAXA
19 October 2018
01:45[79] VA-245. The probe will be sent on a Heliocentric orbit, targeting Mercury orbital insertion after several gravity
assist maneuvers with Earth and Venus.[82]
GSAT-11[83] ISRO
4 December ECA Kourou ELA-3 GSO
GEO-KOMPSAT 2A[84][85] KARI
2018[78]
VA-246[78]
15 December ECA Kourou ELA-3 GSAT-31[a] GSO ISRO
2018[78][86]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 Hellas Sat 4 / SaudiGeoSat 1[a] GSO Hellas Sat
2018[78]
[87]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 GEO-KOMPSAT 2B[a] GSO KARI

March 2019[78]
[88]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 Eutelsat 7C[89][a] GSO Eutelsat

Q1, 2019[78]
[90]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 EDRS-C / HYLAS-3[a] GSO ESA / Avanti

Q1, 2019[91]
[92][93]
May 2019[86] ECA Kourou ELA-3 GSAT-30[a] GSO ISRO
ECA Kourou ELA-3 Inmarsat-5 F5[a] GSO Inmarsat

H2, 2019[94]
[94][95]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 Intelsat 39[a] GSO Intelsat

H2, 2019[78]
[96]
Eutelsat Konnect (African

ECA Kourou ELA-3 GSO Eutelsat
2019[97] Broadband Satellite)[a]
[97]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 Eutelsat Quantum[a] GSO Eutelsat

2019[90]
[90]
SKY Perfect
ECA Kourou ELA-3 JCSAT-17[a] GSO
JSAT Group
2019[78]
[98]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 MTG-I1[a] GSO

2019[99]
[99]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 Star One D2[a] GSO

2019
[100]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 Galaxy 30 / MEV-2 GSO

2020
[101]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 Intelsat (TBD)[a] GSO Intelsat

H2, 2020
[101]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 ViaSat-3[a] GSO

2020–2022
[102]
30 March ECA Kourou ELA-3 James Webb Space Telescope Sun–Earth NASA / ESA /
2021[103] L2 CSA / STScI

[104][105][103]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 MTG-S1[a] GSO

2021
[106]
ECA Kourou ELA-3 SES-17[a] GSO SES S.A.

2021
[107]
Guiana Space
ECA Heinrich Hertz (H2Sat)[a]
2021–2022 Centre ELA-3
[108]
Guiana Space
ECA Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) Heliocentric ESA
Centre ELA-3
June 2022[109]
[110][109]
a. Future Ariane 5 GTO payloads still need to be paired.
See also
List of Ariane launches
Comparison of orbital launchers families
Comparison of orbital launch systems
Future Launchers Preparatory Programme
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Ariane 5 Overview (http://www.arianespace.com/launch-services-ariane5/ariane-5-intro.asp) at Arianespace
Ariane 5 Programme Information (https://web.archive.org/web/20120119142614/http://www.astrium.eads.net/en/programme/ariane-
5.html) at Astrium
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Ariane 5 - Wikipedia

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Ariane 5 - Wikipedia

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25/09/2018 Ariane 5 - Wikipedia

Ariane 5 is operated and marketed by Arianespace as part of the Ariane

Two satellites can be mounted using a SYLDA carrier (SYstème de Lancement

References Comparable Atlas V 551 · Delta IV

stage ECA: Active

Cut drawing of an Ariane 5 ECA GS: 18 December 2009

Vulcain II engine Solid boosters Total thrust 13,300 kN (3,000,000 lbf)

Attached to the sides are two P241 (P238 for

Second stage Engines G, G+: Vulcain 1

Variant Description Thrust 27 kN (6,100 lbf)

Launch system status: Retired · Cancelled · Operational · Under development

Launch pricing and market competition

Solid propellant stage

GTO payload weight records

Rocket configurations Launch outcomes

Flight Date Rocket type Payload Launch

14 September 2000 G Astra 2B

20 December 2000 Astra 2D

5 July 2002 G Stellat 5

11 June 2003 G Optus C1

27 September 2003 Insat 3E

Maiden flight of Ariane 5G+

Flight Date Rocket type Payload Launch

Maiden flight of Ariane 5GS

16 November 2005 ECA Spaceway-2

21 December 2005 GS INSAT-4A

11 March 2006 ECA Spainsat

27 May 2006 ECA Satmex-6

11 August 2006 ECA JCSAT-10

13 October 2006 DirecTV-9S

11 March 2007 ECA Skynet 5A

4 May 2007 ECA Astra 1L

14 August 2007 ECA Spaceway-3

5 October 2007 GS Intelsat 11

14 November 2007 ECA Skynet 5B

21 December 2007 Rascom-

Maiden flight of Ariane 5ES

12 June 2008 ECA Skynet 5C

Flight Date Rocket type Payload Launch

Flight Date Rocket type Payload Launch

Flight Date Rocket type Payload Launch

This mission carried the first satellite owned by a financial institution.[62]

Flight Date Rocket type Payload Launch

Return-to-flight mission after VA-241 mishap in 25 January.[76]

Date / time Rocket,

ECA Kourou ELA-3 GEO-KOMPSAT 2B[a] GSO KARI

ECA Kourou ELA-3 Eutelsat 7C[89][a] GSO Eutelsat

ECA Kourou ELA-3 EDRS-C / HYLAS-3[a] GSO ESA / Avanti

May 2019[86] ECA Kourou ELA-3 GSAT-30[a] GSO ISRO

ECA Kourou ELA-3 Inmarsat-5 F5[a] GSO Inmarsat

ECA Kourou ELA-3 Intelsat 39[a] GSO Intelsat

Eutelsat Konnect (African

ECA Kourou ELA-3 Eutelsat Quantum[a] GSO Eutelsat

ECA Kourou ELA-3 MTG-I1[a] GSO

ECA Kourou ELA-3 Star One D2[a] GSO

ECA Kourou ELA-3 Galaxy 30 / MEV-2 GSO

ECA Kourou ELA-3 Intelsat (TBD)[a] GSO Intelsat

ECA Kourou ELA-3 ViaSat-3[a] GSO

2021[103] L2 CSA / STScI

ECA Kourou ELA-3 MTG-S1[a] GSO

ECA Kourou ELA-3 SES-17[a] GSO SES S.A.

a. Future Ariane 5 GTO payloads still need to be paired.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ariane_5&oldid=859675970"

This page was last edited on 15 September 2018, at 15:28 (UTC).