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Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics Change of velocity
Time
1. Base Quantities
Base quantities are quantities that 4. Inertia
cannot be defined in terms of other The tendency of an object to remain
base quantities its state of rest or uniform motion in
a straight line
2. Derived Quantities
Derived quantities are quantities 5. Newton’s First Law of Motion
that are obtained by combining Every object continues in its state
base quantities by multiplication, of rest or uniform speed in a
derivition or both operations straight line unless acted upon by
an external force
3. Scalar Quantities
Scalar quantities are quantities that 6. Momentum
have only magnitude Mass x velocity
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14. Gravitational Acceleration 24. Kinetic Energy
The acceleration of objects due to The energy possessed by an object
gravity // falling free due to its motion.
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CHAPTER 3: FORCE & PRESSURE
3. Thermal Equilibrium
1. Pressure The state when the rates of heat
The force acting normally on a unit tansfer between the objects are
of surface area @ Force/Area equal @ no net flow of heat between
the two objects and both objects
2. Liquid pressure have the same final temperature.
Pressure due to the weight of the
liquid. 4. Ice Point (Lower fixed point)
The temperature of pure melting ice.
3. Atmospheric Pressure
pressure caused by the the weight 5. Steam Point (Upper fixed point)
of the air on the Earth’s surface. The temperature of steam from
water that is boiling under standard
4. Gas Pressure atmospheric pressure
Pressure caused by the collision
between gas molecules with the 6. Heat Capacity
walls of the container The amount of heat that must be
supplied to increase its temperature
5. Pascal’s Principle by 1 oC.
When pressure is applied to an
enclosed fluid, the pressure will be 7. Specific Heat Capacity
transmitted equally throughout the The amount of heat that must be
whole fluid. supplied to increase the
temperature by 1 oC for 1 kg of the
6. Bouyant Force substance
An upward force resulting from an
object being wholly or partially 8. Latent Heat
immersed in a fluid. The heat absorbed or heat released
at a constant temperature during a
7. Archimedes’ Principle change of phase
When an object is immersed
partially or wholly in a fluid, the 9. Specific Latent Heat
buoyant force is equal to the weight The amount of heat required to
of fluid displaced by the object. change the phase of 1 kg of the
substance at a constant
8. Bernoulli’s Principle temperature
The pressure of a moving liquid
decreases as the speed of the fluid 10. Spesific Latent Heat of Fusion
increases. The amount of heat required to
change the phase of 1 kg of the
substance from solid to liquid at a
CHAPTER 4: HEAT constant temperature
3
12. Boyle’s Law Reflection by a concave mirror
For a fixed mass of gas, the
pressure of the gas is inversely
proportional to its volume when the
temperature is kept constant.
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8. Focal point for a convex lens 5. Wavelength
A point where all parallel rays The distance between two adjacent
converge after refraction. points of the same phase on a wave
@ distance between two successive
9. Focal length, f crest.
Distance between focal point, F and
optical center. 6. Amplitude
The maximum displacement from
10. Power of lens = . 1 . its equilibrium position
Focal length
7. Frequency
11. Object distance,u The number of oscillations in one
Distance between object and optical second
center
8. Wave speed
12. Image distance,v The measurement of how fast a
Distance between image and optical crest is moving from its fixed point
center
9. Period
13. Real image The time taken for one complete
Image that can be seen on a screen oscillation
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16. Monochromatic Light 4. Resistance
Light with one colour/wavelength. The ratio of the potential difference,
V to the current, I
17. Principle of Superposition of
Waves 5. Electromotive Force (e.m.f)
When two waves interfered, the The work done to move one
resulting displacement of the coulomb of charge around a
medium at any point is the algebraic complete circuit.
sum of the displacements of the
individual waves 6. Internal Resistance,r
The resistance within a cell due to
18. Interference its electrolyte in the cell.
Superposition of two waves
originating from two coherent
sources. CHAPTER 8: ELECTROMAGNETISM
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CHAPTER 9: ELECTRONICS
4. - particles
0
1. Thermionic Emission Fast moving electrons or 1 e
The emission of electrons from the
surface of a heated metal or heated 5. -rays
metal cathode. Electromagnetic waves
2. Cathode Ray 6. Half-life
A narrow beam of a fast electrons The time taken for radioactive
substance to decay to half its
3. Semiconductor original mass or activity.
Materials which conduct electricity
between insulator and conductors. 7. Nuclear fission
The splitting of a heavy nucleus into
4. Doping two lighter nuclei, which
A process of adding an impurities subsequently emit either two or
into the pure semiconductor three neutrons and release of large
amounts of energy
5. Diode
A device to allow current flows in 8. Nuclear fusion
one direction only. The combining of two lighter nuclei
to form a heavier nucleus with the
6. Rectifier release of large amount of energy
A device to converts alternating
current (a.c.) into direct current(d.c).
7. Transistor
A device capable of amplification
and as an automatic switch.
8. Logic Gate
An electronic device with one or
more inputs but has only one
output.
1. Radioisotope
Unstable isotopes
2. Radioactivity
The spontaneous decay of an
unstable nucleus into a more stable
nucleus accompanied by the
emission of radioactive rays or
photons
3. - particles
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Helium nucleus or 2 He