TPM is preferred choice for production of health products and nutraceuticals herbal

conformity with international standards. There are several guidelines that been followed by
this company to ensure a proper and good disposal of waste management. Waste treatment is
crucial because poor waste treatment can cause huge environmental problems such as
pollution to environment, may cause hazardous to human and creatures many more. The first
step taken by the company is decision-making. They will decide when the action need to be
taken and how they are going to disposed the waste. One of the approaches that they been
implemented is through third party .They will make a guideline and agreement to imply the
action considered to dispose the waste. Additionally,they practiced a good manufacturing
practices where appropiate gowning for the health and safety of the workers.Proper gowning
is important for handling of waste as it might exposed to the workers that doing the job of
disposal.

The next step is by planning the way to dispose the waste.They will consider the
requirement for certain aspects such as necessary expertise if there is problem occur at the
plant , human resources , equipment , material and available disposal option that will be
required.This is a sensible action to be taken as planning can avoid unfavourable event to
occur and action plan can be design to avoid such things.The TPM company has their own
treatment plant.Basically,all their production facilities and unit consists from water-based
production. One on their waste disposal treatment way is by using filtration procedure.
Filtration is the process of separating the solids from the liquids.For their production,filtration
process is used in the treatment of sludge produced by wastewater treatment using filter
presses.Filter presses operated by applying very high pressures based on the cake thickness or
sludge concentration.Purpose of sludge treatment is to control degradation of organic
ingredients and odour removal.The sludge from the filtering process is collected in a special
tank or container.Finally,the waste will be disposed by third party from Alam Flora.

There are four main parts of filter press which consists of the frame (skeleton),filter
plates,manifold and filter cloth.As the slurry is pump into the filter press,the solid will begin
to build on the filter cloth.Most of the solid or liquid separation is done by the filter cake
buiding on the cloths. The first stage the fines may pass through the cloth, then the solids
begin to form layer on the filter cloth much like pre-coat. Finally the layer will trap the fine
particles and form a filter cake. The filter press will build the pressure, allowing the solid to
build within the chambers until they are completely full of filter cake. When the chambers are
full, the cycle is complete. The sludge from the treatment process can now be disposed in a
proper way.

The disposal method that been implement by this company is through third party for
example representative from Alam Flora or the waste will be given to local residents.From
our discussion with the representative from TPM,their waste product is generally from the
raw material.The raw material comes from natural sources and is not critical where it can be
disposed naturally.For example,production beverage product like Tongkat Ali .The
manufacturing process is done by using water-based production.The extraction process will
be done by soaking the tongkat ali in water.The extract will be collected and the tailings fom
the raw material will be filtered and being collected. The tailings from the production is not
hazardous to environment as it is from natural product and will be disposed directly to Alam
Flora or given to local residents.

Parameters that must taken care before discharged of waste water is level of
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) level. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a
chemical procedure to indicate the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by aerobic
measurement during decomposition of organic matters. The greater the BOD value, the more
rapidly oxygen will be depleted in the water. A high BOD indicates polluted water, while low
BOD indicates a good quality of water. Other than that, chemical oxygen demand also related
to the discharge of the waste water. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a measurement of
the amount of oxygen required for the oxidation of all organic substances in water in mg/L or
g/m3.The last parameters is the total oxygen demand (TOC) which has the same principle as
the COD. All the parameters must be taken measures before discharged of water treatment as
it will affect the safety for human and natural sources.