DFI India2018SouvenirBook PDF

DFI INDIA 2018
Souvenir
With extended abstracts
Sponsor / Exhibitor catalogue
www.dfi-india.org
Deep Foundations Institute USA, DFI of India

Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
Indian Geotechnical Society, Ahmedabad Chapter, Ahmedabad, India
8th Annual Conference on

Deep Foundation Technologies for
Infrastructure Development in India
IIT Gandhinagar, India, 15-17 November 2018
1
Deep Foundations Institute of India
Advanced foundation technologies

Good contracting and work practices
Skill development
Design, construction, and safety manuals
Professionalism in Geotechnical Investigation
Student outreach
Women in deep foundation industry
Join the DFI Family

DFI India 2018
8th Annual Conference on

Deep Foundation Technologies for
Infrastructure Development in India
IIT Gandhinagar, India, 15-17 November 2018
Souvenir
With extended abstracts
Sponsor / Exhibitor catalogue
Deep Foundations Institute, DFI of India

Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
Indian Geotechnical Society, Ahmedabad Chapter, Ahmedabad, India
www.dfi-india.org
3
Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastucture Development in India - DFI India 2018
IIT Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, 15-17 November 2018
DFI India 2018,

8th Annual Conference on Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India
Advisory Committee
Prof. Sudhir K. Jain, Director. IIT Gandhinagar
Dr. Dan Brown, Dan Brown and Association and DFI President
Mr. John R. Wolosick, Hayward Baker and DFI Past President
Prof. G. L. Sivakumar Babu, IGS President
Er. Arvind Shrivastava, Nuclear Power Corp of India and EC Member, DFI of India
Prof. A. Boominathan, IIT Madras and EC Member, DFI of India
Prof. S. R. Gandhi, NIT Surat and EC Member, DFI of India
Gianfranco Di Cicco, GD Consulting LLC and DFI Trustee
Prof. M. R. Madhav, Emeritus Professor at JNTU Hyderabad and Visiting Professor at IIT Hyderabad
Dr. Niranjan Swarup, CIDC and EC Member, DFI of India
Prof. V. S. Raju, Former Director of IIT Delhi
Dr. V. R. Raju, Keller Group Plc
Prof. G. V. Rao, IIT Gandhinagar
Er. Vivek P. Kapadia, Water Resource Dept., Government of Gujarat
Technical Committee
Prof. Arindam Dey, IIT Guwahati
Dr. V. Balakumar, Simplex Infrastructure Ltd and EC Member, DFI of India
Dr. Ing P.V. Chandran Mohan, Navayuga Eng. Co. Ltd
Prof. Debasis Roy, IIT Kharagpur
Prof. K. Ilamparuti, CEG Anna University
Er. M. Iyengar, Former Executive Director of Engineers India Ltd
Dr. Kumar Pitchumani, AECOM India Pvt Ltd India and EC Member, DFI of India
Er. Mary Ellen Bruce Large, DFI Director of Technical Activities
Dr. A. Murali Krishna, IIT Guwahati
Dr. K. S. Rama Krishna, Chairman - DFI of India
Er. Ravi Sundaram, Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt Ltd
Prof. Sarvesh Chandra, Formerly IIT Kanpur
Er. Seth Vaidya, Langan Engineering and Environmental Services, USA
Prof. K. G. Sharma, IIT Delhi
Er. Siva Arunachalam, Soletanche Bachy
Er. L. P. Srivastava, IIT Gandhinagar
Dr. Sunil Basarkar, Afcons Infrastructure Limited and EC Member, DFI of India
Er. Tiru Kulkarni, Garware Wall ropes - Geo-Division
Mr. M. Venkataraman, IIT Gandhinagar
Organizing Committee
Prof. Abhaykumar Gandhi, LD College of Engineering
Er. I. V. Anirudhan, Geotechnical Solutions and Vice Chairman-DFI of India
Er. Apurva N Parikh, Multi Media Consultants Pvt Ltd
Er. K. Bairagi, L & T Construction and EC Member, DFI of India
Er. Gyan C Chaudhary, IIT Gandhinagar
Er. Y. Hari Krishna, Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd, EC Member, DFI of India
Er. Jagpal Singh Lotay, Bauer Maschinen and EC Member, DFI of India
Dr. Jaykumar Shukla, L&T Sargent & Lundy, EC Member, DFI of India
Er. Kamlesh Mishra, Geo Ground Engineering Operation India Pvt Ltd
Er. Laxmi Kanta Tripathy, Dept of Water Resources, Odisha and EC Member, DFI of India
Mr T.S. Mahendran, DFI of India
Mr. M. Mohamed Athif, DFI of India
Er S. K. Patel, R&B Department, Gujarat
Er. D Pradeep Kumar, Panasia Project Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Er. G.V. Prasad, DFI of India
Col. Sarvjeet Singh Kapoor, IIT Gandhinagar
Er. Saurabh Vyas, TechFab India
Prof. Sharadkumar Purnanand Purohit, Nirma University
Ms. Silky Agrawal, GeoCarte Radar Tech Pvt. Ltd. Conference Chair
Prof. C. H. Solanki, SVNIT Surat Prof. Amit Prashant, IIT Gandhinagar
Prof. Vikas P Singh, IITRAM Ahmedabad
Mrs. Theresa Engler, DFI Executive Director
Organising Secretaries
Ms. Maureen Mandel, DFI Director of Programs Prof. Ajanta Sachan, IIT Gandhinagar
Mrs. Lauren Nance, Senior Meetings & Events Specialist Mr. Ravikiran Vaidya, Geodynamics
Mrs. Angie Gibble, DFI Meetings and Events Specialist
ii
Preface
DFI-INDIA 2018: The Eighth Annual Conference on Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure
Development in India with a one-day pre-conference workshop on Ground Improvement Techniques - Column
Support Embankments and Soil Mixing is being organised by Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) and DFI of India
during 15-17 November 2018 at IIT Gandhinagar near Ahmedabad. Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar,
Gujarat, and Indian Geotechnical Society-Ahmedabad Chapter are the collaborators.
DFI is an international non-profit forum for engineers, contractors, manufacturers, equipment suppliers,
and academia to share knowledge that improves the planning, design, and construction aspects of deep foundations
and deep excavations. In 1996, DFI organised its first conference in India in Mumbai (Bombay). DFI of India
was registered in the year 2013 as a non-profit organisation with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MOCA) and
entered into an affiliation agreement with DFI. Seven annual conferences on a common theme Deep Foundation
Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India were organised at Hyderabad, IIT Madras, IIT Bombay, IIT
Delhi, IISc Bangalore, IIEST Shibpur and IIT Madras.
The conference is designed to have three main events: a one-day workshop on Ground Improvement
Techniques - Column Support Embankments and Soil Mixing, a two-day conference to highlight four important
aspects of quality foundation construction, viz., Deep Foundations in Infrastructure Projects – Owners Perspective;
Geotechnical Investigation - testing, contractual and reporting requirements; Best Design Practices and New
Technology Initiatives; and Ground Improvement, Piling and Deep Excavation & Support Technologies. The third
event which runs parallel with the conference is the exhibition, is to showcase the latest technologies, equipment,
testing & monitoring techniques, and special materials. Eight Keynote lectures from overseas and Indian experts
and forty four presentations from industry specialists and researchers are the highlights of this conference. Abstracts
of these technical presentations are compiled and presented in this Souvenir. The full-length papers are provided
in electronic media.
A Panel Discussion on Possible Solutions for Handling Issues in Geotechnical/Foundation Scope of Major
Infrastructure/Building Projects and an introductory session on the Women in Deep Foundations on the first day of
the conference are special events of this conference.
For making this souvenir a valuable document and guide, the organising committee has included technical
abstracts, along with messages of dignitaries, details of sponsors and exhibitors. We hope the volume will be of
interest and benefit to the delegates.
A Conference of this scale would not be possible without the support and contributions of the invited
Speakers, Authors, Conference Sponsors, Exhibitors and Delegates. We gratefully acknowledge all for their
generous support and inspirational participation. Even though there is a good number of sponsors and exhibitors,
the turnout was far below the expectations. DFI of India is hoping for more substantial participation in the coming
years as economic conditions of India are improving.
We also express our sincere gratitude to the members of the Advisory Committee, Organizing Committee,
Technical Committee and Student Volunteers for their untiring efforts, besides individuals who lent their quiet efforts
for making this Conference a great success. The enthusiastic support in the form of guidance, close coordination
and follow up by Ms Theresa Engler, Executive Director, Ms Mary Ellen Large, Technical Activities Manager, and
the staff of DFI are gratefully acknowledged. The untiring support from Prof. Amit Prashant and his team at IIT
Gandhinagar made this conference a great event. The efforts from Mr G V Prasad, Director-operations at DFI of
India, Mr Mohamed Athif, Mr Chandrasekhar and Mr T.S. Mahendran, all at DFI of India is highly appreciated.
Dr K.S. Rama Krishna I.V. Anirudhan

Chairman-DFI of India Vice Chairman-DFI of India
iii
About the Organizers
Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) and DFI of India

DFI is an international non-profit association of engineers, contractors, manufacturers, equipment suppliers in the
deep foundations and deep excavations industry.
DFI of India was registered at Chennai with the Ministry of Company Affairs as a non-profit organization in 2013,
following the success of its first event in Hyderabad in 2011 and the inaugural Deep Foundation Technologies for
Infrastructure Development in India conference held in Chennai in 2012. These events were followed by highly
successful conferences in Mumbai in 2013, in New Delhi in 2014, in Bangalore in 2015, in Kolkata in 2016 and in
Chennai in 2017. Several seminars and workshops were organized in different cities in India.
The chapter’s mission is to help the Indian foundation industry on a continuous and sustained basis in measurable
steps, to become professional and to embrace new technologies for faster development of India. The chapter looks
to provide a platform for continuous interaction for all stakeholders of the Indian foundation industry, including
international agencies via seminars, workshops and training courses. Visit www.dfi-india.org for more information
about DFI of India.
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Gandhinagar strives to offer the best undergraduate and graduate
education in India with unmatched innovations in curriculum. The institute promotes critical thinking and an
appreciation of the interdisciplinary character of knowledge, with an emphasis on the liberal arts, project oriented
learning, compulsory courses in design and the life sciences, diversity and globalization. IIT Gandhinagar was
founded in 2008 and is located in Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat on the banks of river Sabarmati. Gandhinagar is in
proximity to Ahmedabad which is one of the oldest living cities in India, known both for a rich cultural past as
well as state-of-the-art infrastructure, thriving industries, and many modern amenities. The city is also the hub
of prestigious academic and research institutes, such as the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, and the
National Institute of Design. Gujarat’s long standing mercantile and business tradition encourages excellence and
entrepreneurship.
IIT Gandhinagar offers BTech and MTech programmes in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Materials
Science and Engineering and also offers MSc programmes in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Cognitive
Science. It also offers MA programme in Society and Culture. Ph.D. programmes are offered in all the engineering
and science disciplines such as Chemical, Biomedical, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Computer Science and
Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Earth Science, and Cognitive Sciences.
Apart from the graduate programmes in engineering and science, institute also offers PhD in Literature, Philosophy,
Psychology, Sociology, political sciences and Social Epidemiology.
Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), Ahmedabad Chapter

INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY, IGS, was established in 1948 with the purpose of advancement and
dissemination of knowledge in different fields of geotechnical engineering. The Ahmedabad Chapter of IGS was
established by the academicians and practising engineers in and around Ahmedabad and Gandhi Nagar. Prof.
Amit Prashant, IIT Gandhinagar is the chairman of the chapter. The chapter in association with IIT Gandhinagar,
IACMAG and the Indian Chapter of International Geosynthetics Society is organising 3 Days Symposium of the
International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG) on March 5-7, 2019
at IIT Gandhinagar.
iv
Message from President, DFI
October 12, 2018

On behalf of Deep Foundations Institute, I applaud the dedication
of DFI of India’s leadership and the excellent work of this year’s
conference organizing and technical committees on the planning of
a top-notch event on November 15-17, 2018 at IIT Gandhinagar,
their 8th Annual Conference on Deep Foundations Technologies
for Infrastructure Development in India & Workshop on Ground
Improvement Techniques – Column Support Embankments and
Soil Mixing.
We are pleased to continue our support of the many ambitious projects the DFI of India
executive committee wishes to pursue, including the set-up of a permanent office with local
support and executive staff, the technology implementation of CFA piles, operator training
and their educational efforts through this conference, quarterly workshop and e-newsletters
to promote quality, safety, durability and sustainability in foundation-related design and
construction.
I am impressed with the quality of the technical papers submitted and accepted for these
conference proceedings, the second volume in this conference series, and regret that I cannot
be there to hear the numerous presentations and celebrate the chapter’s success with all of
you.
At DFI we believe the dissemination of high caliber expertise and experience through
conferences and publications, such as that being presented in Gandhinagar this year, are key
to the continual technologies advancements on our industry and thank all speakers and authors
for contributing. We also thank the supporting exhibiting and sponsoring companies who see
the value of coming together at the conference to exchange information on new techniques
and products that also allow successful projects to be conducted. We realize the country’s
infrastructure needs are important and will be built imminently, boosting the local Indian
and worldwide economy. Therefore, we encourage and count on all in attendance to support
the chapter’s efforts through membership, participation in conferences and workshops,
volunteering to assist on initiatives being pursued by DFI of India and to spread the word to
others who could benefit and strengthen the local geo-foundation community.
I wish the conference great success and thank also the collaborating organizations – IGS
Ahmedabad Chapter and IIT Gandhinagar – for assisting us in providing this forum for
information exchange. Best wishes to all delegates, speakers, students, exhibitors and
sponsors for an informative three days.
Warm regards,
iv
Message from Chairman, DFI of India

DEEP FOUNDATIONS INSTITUTE OF INDIA
Non-profit company Registered under Ministry of Company Affairs, Government of India
(Regn. No. U91900TN2013NPL091176)
Regd. Address:
Daffodil-3, Akshaya-100, No 100 Velachery Road, Guindy, Chennai-600032, Tamilnadu, India
Corresponding Address
44/17 ‘BHASKARA’, 19 Usha Street, Dr. Seethapathy Nagar, Velachery, Chennai 600042,
Tamilnadu, INDIA
DIRECTORS
Dr. K.S. Ramakrishna

Daffodil-3, AKshaya-100,
No 100 Velachery Road, Guindy
Chennai-600032, Tamilnadu, India
drksramakrishna@gmail.com
I.V. Anirudhan
Geotechnical Solutions
44/17 ‘Bhaskara’
19 Usha Street, Dr. Seethapathy Nagar
Velachery, Chennai 600 042
Tamilnadu, India
anirudhen@gmail.com
I am glad that we are organizing “DFI-India 2018” on ‘Deep Foundation

Technologies for Infrastructure Development in India’, 8th successive annual
DFI of India event together with one-day workshop on ‘Ground Improvement
Techniques – Column Support Embankments and Soil Mixing’ at the Indian
Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar (IITGn), Gujarat. I’m also very happy to
mention here that after conducting DFI-India conferences at some of the other
premier Institutes in India namely IIT Madras, IIT Bombay, IIT Delhi, IISc
Bengaluru and IIETS Kolkata we are in Gandhinagar this year. This is primarily
due to the willingness of IIT Gandhinagar and the Indian Geotechnical Society
Ahmedabad Chapter (IGS Ahmedabad Chapter) to cooperate with DFI and I am
very thankful to them for their wonderful gesture.
The Keynote lectures and selected papers totalling fifty two are of immense
practical value and I am sure the delegates wold find them very useful. I thank
all the keynote speakers and other paper presenters for their interest to share their
experience with the delegates.
DFI-India conferences primarily focus on bridging the gap between theory and
practice. We do hope all the participants immensely benefit from the lecture
presentations, active interactions and networking. I wish the conference and the
one-day workshop a great success.
Dr K S Rama Krishna
With support from Member of Board of Trustees, DFI USA
Deep Foundations Institute
Chairman, DFI of India
Headquarters
326 Lafayette Avenue
Hawthorne, NJ07506USA
T: 973423 4030 F: 9734234031
dfihq@dfi.org| www.dfi.org
Theresa Engler
Executive Director
vi
Message from Director IIT Gandhi Nagar
IIT Gandhinagar
Indian Institute of
Technology Gandhinagar
Prof. Sudhir K. Jain

Professor of Civil Engineering, and Director
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355
director@iitgn.ac.in
Phone: +91-79-23952001
Industry and academia must work together and take on the challenges of tomorrow in order to make an impact.
This conference of Deep Foundations Institute India resonates with this vision of IIT Gandhinagar. I am pleased
to welcome all the participants of this conference to our newly built campus and its conducive environment for
such important discussions.
The infrastructure demand of tomorrow will need major innovations in geotechnical engineering and construction
industry in India. A focused effort is required to develop and adopt new technologies and prepare trained
manpower at all levels. The dialogues between industry leaders and academics during this conference will improve
understanding of the constraints and in evolving the way forward.
I would also like to invite attention of the industry leaders to our initiative of Research Park at IIT Gandhinagar,
which provides an opportunity for industry and academia to work together on a continuous basis. With its agile
structure and dynamic environment, IIT Gandhinagar will be happy to discuss the projects of mutual interest and
be partner in your professional contributions to the society.
Prof. Sudheer K Jain

Director, IIT Gandhinagar
vii
Message from Director Operations, DFI of India
I have pleasure in welcoming you to the 8th DFII Conference. Particularly, DFI US team, the
distinguished international and Indian authors, sponsors, exhibitors, delegates and student
participants.
We are pleased to share with you not only DFII’s successful journey over the past five years
but also our plans to implement new technologies, skill programs, enhanced work practices in
keeping with our Vision of evolving the Indian Deep Foundation Industry as a force to reckon
with. We are very thankful to DFI US team, EC team for guiding and supporting us in every step
of our present journey.
We have set up a full-time office since December 2017 to work on the said programs and have
developed a well oriented full-time support staff.
We are quite happy to inform that good progress has been achieved during the last ten months in DFII’s multiple
initiatives. To mention few:
• We successfully conducted a two-day training program for more than 70 engineers of the Chennai Metro Rail
project for “Quality Geotechnical Investigation”.
• It is jointly agreed between DFI and CMRL to form DFI-CMRL Geotechnical Construction Working Group
(DFI-CMRL GCWG) comprising global experts to formulate guidelines covering planning, design, contractual,
equipment management, construction and testing aspects. CMRL plans to make these guidelines a part of its second
phase project bid documents to secure capable contractors to implement best international practices and mitigate
project risks to a significant extent. DFII will be developing more training programs to enhance the skill levels of
engineers/workmen/operators which in turn will enhance the performance of the second phase project. DFII has
affected complete design and construction document and is ready to execute a continuous flight auger test pile project
at NPCIL, Haryana site to showcase this alternate piling option in the Indian Deep Foundation Industry. This provides
time/cost/quality/speed advantage
• DFI Sub-Surface Characterization Committee constituted recently, comprising eminent geotechnical experts in
India, will address all issues related to soil investigation as also to document and recommend all possible solutions
to forward-thinking organisations. This Committee hopes to develop and implement skill training programs covering
supervisors, field and laboratory technicians so that a dedicated pool of trained manpower is made available to the
industry.
DFII is doing the required groundwork to identify indigenous solutions covering technology and training programs so that
the same can be developed and implemented. DFI has successfully put more technical committees in place comprising
members drawn from owners, general contractors, specialist contractors, consultants and equipment manufacturers to
find solutions in different specialised areas on a self-help basis. Since DFII started treading this path, already three
committees have been formed as on date. They will strive for the cause of the Indian Deep Foundation Industry in
developing new technologies and training programs.
DFII team is meeting senior management teams of major organisations to present the DFII initiatives seeking their support
to ensure that the Indian Deep Foundation Industry is comparable to the best. In the last ten months, it has interacted
with organisations like NPCIL, CMRL, AECOM, HCC, ITDCem, Keller, BHEL, National Academy of Construction as
well as IIT Gandhi Nagar and will have more such interactions. Most of them are keen to work with us jointly in areas
of specific interest to them. We are overwhelmed by the very positive response to our ideas from all these organisations
Apart from lectures on topics of interest to different groups of industry delivered by well-known international and Indian
speakers, the delegates to the 8th DFII Conference will also have a chance to hear more about DFII initiatives. We
welcome one and all once again.
Mr. G Venkata Prasad
Director-Operations
DFI of India
viii
Message from President, IGS, New Delhi
INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY

Registered under SocietiesAct vide Regn. No: S/18957 dated 16.05.1988
(Aﬃliated to INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING)
President Prof. G.L. Sivakumar Babu

Hon. Secy. Prof. J.T. Sahu
Dear distinguished colleagues

On behalf of the Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), I wish to congratulate DFI India on the
eve of organising the 8th Conference on ‘Deep Foundation Technologies for Infrastructure
in India’. It is also nice to know that a workshop on ‘Ground Improvement Techniques -
Column Support Embankments and Soil Mixing’ is being held and these events are being
held at IIT Gandhinagar during 15-17 November 2018.
DFI India has been quite active in India in the recent years in bringing a number of experts
and practitioners in foundation technologies and ground improvement together to address the
critical needs in technology and knowledge sharing in the geotechnical aspects of design and
construction of foundations of civil infrastructure.
The technical program is excellent and has participation of many experts and professionals
from industry. I am sure that the deliberations in the workshop and conference present an
opportunity for the professionals to arrive at new/innovative, rational methods of design and
construction that enable fast track construction and also ensure safety and sustainability in
geotechnical constructions in the country.
I wish the conference a great success.
Best wishes and regards
Prof. G L Sivakumar Babu

President, Indian Geotechnical Society
_________________________
Secretariat:
206, Manisha, 75-76, Nehru Place, New Delhi - 110019, Phone: 011-26210361. 26211146
E-mail: admin@igs.org.in. igsmain@vsnl.net, website: www.igs.org.in
ix
WHAT CAN DFI DO FOR YOU?

Overview
DFI is an international association of contractors, engineers, suppliers, academics and
owners in the deep foundations industry. For more than 30 years, we have brought together
professionals for networking, education, communication and collaboration. As a member,
you help create a consensus voice and a common vision for continual advancement in the
planning, design and construction of deep foundations and excavations.
Find Common Ground. Become a Member of DFI

• Network with thousands of members and industry professionals worldwide
• Get involved locally through DFI’s active presence in Europe, India and the Middle East
• Strengthen your knowledge base and obtain practical information at seminars, short
courses, workshops and conferences
• Collaborate with colleagues by joining one of 15 active Technical Committees, Regional
Chapters or a DFI group
• Stay informed through the flagship Deep Foundations magazine and the peer-reviewed
DFI Journal
• Gain visibility with a corporate member listing on the DFI website, which has 20,000
views each month
• Connect and communicate with industry peers through social media such as DFI’s
Linkedin Groups
• Access OneMine.org and download up to 100,000 articles, technical papers & books
from DFI & organizations all over the world - at no cost
Visit www.dfi-india.org OR www.dfi.org

to know more and to become a member
x
DFI of India Lifetime Contribution Award 2018
Dr. Narayan V Nayak
Deep Foundations Institute of India is pleased to present this Lifetime Contribution Award
to Dr. Narayan V Nayak, one of the eminent civil engineers in India, to acknowledge his
immense contributions to the construction industry and particularly to the foundation industry.
Dr. N V Nayak is actively present in the foundation industry since more than 55 years as a
teacher, consultant, practitioner and as a solution provider for various foundation puzzles. The
down to the earth solutions, but with great clarity, have been his hallmark and his ability to
convince the project owners the efficacy of his ideas is well-known. DFI of India is honoured
to get this opportunity to acknowledge his contributions to the foundation engineering practice.
Narayan V. Nayak was born in a small village Baggon, in Kumta Taluka of North Kanara district of Karnataka state
on 21st December 1936. He graduated in Civil Engineering from the University of Bombay in the year 1959. He
secured his M. Tech. in Civil Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay in the year 1963 and his PhD
from the University of Wisconsin, the U.S.A. in the year 1970. Dr. N V Nayak secured his PhD in the shortest period
of three years with GPA average 4.0/4.0, the record which is yet to be broken.
Starting his profession as a teacher for about eight years Dr. N V Nayak was with Tata Consulting Engineering for
another eight years. Dr. Nayak spent his next 40 years with leading foundation specialist and general construction
contractors. He is presently Principal Advisor – Gammon Engineers & Contractors Pvt. Ltd. and Chief Advisor to
Geocon International Pvt. Ltd.
He has more than sixteen years of association with Asia Foundations and Constructions Limited (AFCONS). Dr.
Nayak is known for speedy, economical, quality, safe and above all innovative methods of execution which he
adopted in AFCONS & thereafter in Gammon. These traits have been reflected in the construction of one tunnel for
the Konkan Railway and 25 bridges including the Zuari-Mandovi Bridges and Sharavati Bridge (longest bridge on
Konkan Railway)., One of the well foundation supporting the Zuari Bridge was made to rest on pile foundation, a
unique technique used for the first time in India. He also introduced jet grouting technology and cement-bentonite
slurry walls in India apart from being one of the pioneers of the development of rammed stone column technology.
Dr. N V Nayak kept his association with academics being Examiner for research students of IIT Bombay, University
of Mumbai and University Department of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, etc.
He is the recipient of many awards, notably IGS Kueckelmann Award, Kanara Ratna Award, Life Time Achievement
Award by ACI India Chapter (2013), and Life Time Achievement Award by Indian Concrete Institute (2016).
Dr. Nayak’s zeal for sharing and spreading the knowledge is evident from more than 120 papers published in the
journals and conferences. Apart from authoring the top-rated practical book “Foundation Design Manual” that is now
on 7th Edn., Dr. Nayak is also the Co-editor and Co-author of “Handbook on Advanced Concrete Technology”. One
of his books “Concrete Sustainability” co-authored with Mr A K Jain has been bestowed by ACCE(I) - Nagadi Award
for the Best Publication in book category for the year 2018. “Handbook on Quality and Productivity Improvement of
Concrete” co-authored with Mr Manish Mokal is the latest contribution by Dr. N V Nayak.
The seventeenth IGS Annual Lecture in 1994 ‘Innovative Development in Geotechnical Practices’ delivered by
Dr. N. V. Nayak was well accepted by the foundation construction industry.
DFI of India wishes Dr. Narayan V Nayak many more years of committed contribution to the foundation industry.
______________________________________
Principal Advisor, Gammon Engineers & Contractors Private Limited, Gammon House, Veer Savarkar Marg, Prabhadevi,
Mumbai 400025, Maharashtra Email: nvn@gammonengineers.com, Mob:09821116010
xi
Deep Foundations Institute of India and DFI USA
Deep Foundations Institutute of India

Chairman
Dr. K S Ramakrishna, Geotechnical & Project Consultant, Chennai
Vice Chairman
Anirudhan IV, Geotechnical Solutions, Chennai
Members
Prof G L Sivakumar Babu President, IGS, New Delhi
Arvind Shrivastava, NPCIL, Mumbai
Dr. V Balakumar, Simplex Infrastructure, Chennai
Prof. A Boominathan, IIT MADRAS, Chennai
Jagpal Singh Lotay, Bauer Maschinen, Mumbai
K Bairagi, L&T Ltd, Chennai
Harikrishna Yandamuri, Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd, Chennai
Dr. N Kumar Pitchumani, AECOM, Chennai
Laxmi Kanta Tripathy, Hony Secretary, IGS, Bhubaneswar Chapter
Mohan Ramanathan, Advance Construction Technologies, Chennai
Ravikiran Vaidya, Geo Dynamics, Vadodara
Prof. Shailesh R Gandhi, SVNIT, Surat
Dr. Sunil S Basarkar, Afcons Infrastructure Ltd, Mumbai
Dr. Jaykumar Shukla, L&T - S & L Ltd., Vadodara
Sanjoy Chakrabarty, Soilmec, Mumbai
Sanjay Dave, HCC Ltd, Mumbai
P N Panwar, EIL, New Delhi
Director-Operations
G. Venkata Prasad
Executive Assistant
Mohamed Athif M.
Manager - Accounts & Admin
Mahendran T.S.
Sr. Engineer - Geotechnical
Chandrasekhar J.
Deep Foundations Institutute USA

Executive Director
Theresa Engler
President
Dan Brown
Vice President
Mathew Janes
Treasurer
Mike H. Wysockey
Past President
John R Wolosick
Director, Technical Activities
Mary Ellen Large
DEEP FOUNDATIONS INSTITUTE OF INDIA

Non profit company registered under Ministry of Company Affairs,
Government of India (Regn No: U91900TN2013NPL091176)
C/o I. V. Anirudhan, 44/17 ‘BHASKARA’, 19 Usha St.,
Dr. Seethapathy Nagar, Velachery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
www.dfi-india.org – Email dfiindiaoffice@gmail.com
xii
Table of Contents
DFI India 2018 Organising Committee ii

Preface iii
About the Organisers iv
Message from the President, DFI USA v
Message from Chairman, DFI of India vi
Message from the Director, IIT Gandhi Nagar vii
Message from the Director Operations, DFI of India viii
Message from the President, Indian Geotechnical Society ix
What can DFI do for you x
DFI of India Lifetime Contribution Award 2018 - Dr. N V Nayak xi
Executive Committee, DFI of India xii
Keynote Presentations
HOW FOUNDATION EXPLORATION EFFECTS CONSTRUCTION AND LIFE OF SUPER STRUCTURE
Vivek P. Kapadia, Narmada Water Resources Department 1
AN OWNERS PERSPECTIVE IN MANAGING GROUND AND FOUNDATION RELATED RISKS
Conrad W. Felice, Ph.D., P.E., D. GE, and FASCE, Managing Principal, C. W. Felice, LLC 2
RISK ANALYSIS, RISK ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN OF A NEW DEVELOPED SLOPE STABILIZATION
Professor Dr-Ing. Rolf Katzenbach, Technische Universität Darmstadt 3
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON FOUNDATIONS OF MEGA BRIDGES AND
STRUCTURES IN LOWER HIMALAYAS
Subodh Jain, Member Engineering, Railway and Railway Board, Ministry of Railways 4
LESSONS LEARNED FROM GEOTECHNICAL FAILURES
Dr. James G. Collin, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE., The Collin Group, Ltd, Office 301-907-9501 5
UNDERSTANDING RISK IN GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION
Silas Nichols, P.E., Slohcin Solutions, LLC, USA 6
COMMUNICATING OBJECTIVES AND RISK AMONG PROJECT SHAREHOLDERS
Antonio Marinucci, Ph.D., MBA, P.E., M.ASCE,Principal V2C Strategists LLC 7
DENSIFICATION OF LOOSE SAND BELOW A LARGE ECRD DAM
Professor G V Ramana, IIT Delhi 8
Guest Presentation
WOMEN IN ENGINEERING
Anjana Kadakia, P.E., LEED AP BD+C, Thornton Tomasetti 9
Contributing Papers
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PILE FOUNDATIONS IN THE CONGESTED PART OF
OLD DHAKA CITY OF BANGLADESH - CASE STUDY ON MAYOR MOHAMMAD HANIF FLYOVER
Avik Kumar Mandal, S. Sailesh, Pradyot Biswas, J. P. Das, and Dinakar Mandal 10
A REVIEW ON T SHAPED DEEP MIXING TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING PROJECTS
Rashmi Patel and Jigisha Vashi 11
xiii
EFFECT OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF METRO TUNNEL

BELOW THE RIVER GANGES IN KOLKATA, INDIA
Biswanath Dewanjee 12
ASSESSING DEPTH OF WELL FOUNDATION – CASE STUDY
Ravi Sundaram, Sanjay Gupta, and Sorabh Gupta 13
NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE IN DEEP FOUNDATION INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Manish Kumar, and Sachin Kamat 14
CONTINUOUS FLIGHT AUGER PILES – A TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE FOR FASTER PILING IN INDIA
Sunil.S. Basarkar, KS Ramakrishna, I.V. Anirudhan and K. Pitchumani 15
PERFORMANCE OF LARGE-DIAMETER BORED PILE WITH SHORT SOCKETED LENGTH
IN IGNEOUS ROCK IN THAILAND
Zaw Zaw Aye, Thayanan Boonyarak, Sereyroath Chea, Nutthapon Thasnanipan 16
CONTACT FREE SENSOR TO MONITOR PRESTRESSING ANCHORS IN GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES
Lucian Bogdan, Rajiv Pandey, and Shahid Islam 17
APPLICATIONS OF ROCK PENETRATION H PILE FOR DEEP EXCAVATION RETAINING SYSTEM
Nagarajan. D, Raja Rajan. K, and Vijaykumar. T 18
MICROPILES – A STORY OF SUCCESS
Dipl.-Ing, Andreas Brandner 19
RECOGNIZED CORROSION PROTECTION METHODS FOR PERMANENT GROUND ANCHORS
Chris Irvin, Devon Mothersille, and Rajiv Pandey 20
ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF JET GROUTING AND ITS APPLICATIONS FOR SEEPAGE CONTROL
Akhila Manne, PVSR Prasad, and Madan Kumar Annam 21
MITIGATION OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL USING VIBRO COMPACTION
Tanmay Gupta, Madan K. Annam, and Valluri Sridhar 22
NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION ON A PILE – EFFECT OF DRAINAGE CONDITION
Prince Kumar and Satyanarayana M. Dasaka 23
SCOUR EFFECTS ON LATERALLY LOADED PILES IN SAND AND
POTENTIAL REMEDIAL MEASUREMENTS
Ammar A. Mohammed, and Yahia E-A. Mohamedzein 24
UNCONVENTIONAL GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF
NEW GENERAL CARGO TERMINAL AT PORT OWENDO, GABON
Aditya S. Khatavkar, and Prakash S. Bansod 25
SECANT PILE WALL FOR CUT OFF AT SUNDILLA BARRAGE
Dr Ir Chandramohan P.V., and Chandrasekhara Reddy M 26
EXTENT OF FAILURE ZONE IN SOIL AT THE CUTTING EDGE OF
OPEN CAISSON: FE EVALUATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Jitesh T. Chavda, and G. R. Dodagoudar 27
NEED FOR UPGRADATION OF FOUNDATION CODE FOR
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE (IRC:78-2014)
Alok Bhowmick 28
DESIGN OF COFFER DAM FOR WELL FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION - A CASE STUDY
Vinoj Kumar M., Sandeep S Nikam, Rajib Mandal, and Vipul Dobhada 29
ADVANCED NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DEEP EXCAVATION SUPPORTING SYSTEM
USING CONTIGUOUS PILE WALL
George Tharakan Idiculla and Satyanarayana Murty Dasaka 30
xiv
HYDRAULIC LATERALLY EXTRUDED PILE:

A METHOD TO ENHANCE THE BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE
Dinesh Bishnoi, Venkateswarlu.P, Swapnali S. Pawar, Upendra M, and Jignesh B. Patel 31
A MODEL STUDY OF MICROPILE GROUPS SUBJECTED TO
LATERAL LOADING UNDER DIFFERENT RELATIVE DENSITY
Zakir Hussain, Binu Sharma, and Takiur Rahman 32
PERFORMANCE OF CONTIGUOUS BORED PILE WALL RETENTION SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY
Vimala Chinnasamy, and Madan Kumar Annam 33
SINGLE BORE MULTIPLE ANCHOR SYSTEMS (SBMAs) IN
CHALLENGING AND VARIABLE GROUND CONDITIONS
Antonio Marinucci, and Devon Mothersille 34
ALTERNATIVE PILING METHODS - CHANCES FOR TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL SOLUTIONS
Franz-Werner Gerressen and Manfred Schoepf 35
BASE GROUTING OF BORED CAST-IN-SITU PILES AT THE RAILWAY BRIDGE
OVER THE RIVER RUPSHA, BANGLADESH: A CASE STUDY
Vignesh R, Rahul S, and Visakan R 36
SECANT PILING SHORING SYSTEM-WITH CIRCULAR CONFIGURATION – A CASE STUDY
Rajan Babu C, Jibi C Yohannan, and Viswanathan N 37
BEHAVIOR OF SINGLE PILE AND PILE GROUPS SUBJECTED TO
ABRUPT COLLAPSE OF A RETAINING WALL
Kranthikumar A., Ravi S. Jakka, and Rajesh P. Shukla 38
USE OF SOCKETED MICRO PILES FOR EXCAVATION SUPPORT IN HETEROGENEOUS FILL MATERIAL
Shuvranshu K. Rout, Manos De, Anup K. Mandal, and Biswajit Das 39
BI-DIRECTIONAL STATIC LOAD PILE TEST – CASE STUDIES
Justin St George, Ravi Sundaram, and Sorabh Gupta 40
KINEMATIC AND INERTIAL FORCES OF SINGLE PILE UNDER
DYNAMIC LOADING USING NUMERICAL APPROACH
Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi, Sara Hashemi, and Ali Abolhasnpoor 41
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL-PILE-STRUCTURE INTERACTION
ON STRUCTURE’S BASE SHEAR
Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi, Esmaeel Hamrang Taqidizaj, and Pedram Ghaderi 42
SLOPE PROTECTION AND SEEPAGE CONTROL FOR
DEEP EXCAVATION ADJACENT TO LAKE – CASE STUDY
Raja Rajan. K, Nagarajan. D, and Vijayakumar. T 43
BIDIRECTIONAL STATIC AXIAL PILE LOAD TEST: GARCA RIVER BRIDGE – BRAZIL
Paul George Alexander C. 44
JET GROUTED COLUMNS-GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR
LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE – A CASE STUDY
Jibi C Yohannan, Viswanathan N, and Miguel Dimadura 45
EVALUATION OF SLOPE STABILITY FAILURE ON RECLAMATION BUND - A CASE STUDY
Vinay Kumar M, Jeevan Reddy, and Aminul Islam 46
FOUNDATION ANCHORING FOR STABILITY IN BROWNFIELD SITE
Manos De, Soumik Chakraborty, Anup Kumar Mandal, Shuvranshu Rout, and Pradip Kumar Nandi 47
OPTIMIZATION OF PILE FOUNDATION
A. K. Singh, A. Kumawat and Kesharwani 48
xv
PRE-STRESSED GROUND ANCHORS FOR UNDERGROUND STATIONS AND

EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES
Nagaraj Kumar BV 49
INSTABILITY ANALYSIS OF MONO PILE IN FLEXURAL AND
BUCKLING MODES DUE TO LIQUEFACTION INDUCED LATERAL SPREADING
P Ravi Prakash and Amit Prashant 50
SIMPLIFIED ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS FOR
PILE–SOIL-PILE INTERACTIONS OF A DUO-PILE SYSTEM
Kolli Mohan Krishna, Dhiman Basu, and Amit Prashant 51
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PULLOUT CAPACITY OF
VERTICAL SHALLOW MULTI-PLATE HELICAL PILES IN SAND
Swapnali S. Pawar, Dinesh Bishnoi, Upendra M., Venkateswarlu P., and Jignesh B. Patel 52
BEHAVIOR OF PILE IN COHESIVE SOIL SUBJECTED TO
COMBINED VERTICAL AND LATERAL LOAD CONSIDERING P-Δ EFFECT
Tanumaya Mitra, Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay, and Ambarish Ghosh 53
Conference Schedule 54
Pre-conference Workshop Schedule 58
List of Sponsors and Exhibitors 59
Advertisements - Sponsors, Exhibitors and Advertisers 60-68
xvi
KEYNOTE LECTURE
HOW FOUNDATION EXPLORATION EFFECTS CONSTRUCTION AND
LIFE OF SUPER STRUCTURE
Vivek P. Kapadia, Narmada Water Resources Department, Water Supply and Kalpasar Dept., Govt of Gujarat,
India
Foundation exploration is always not economical. It is sometime prima facie a time-consuming exercise.
Therefore, in several projects, foundation exploration is carried out to a limited extent. Finally, during the
construction, some mysterious findings appeared suddenly, and the project gets derailed. In India, several
such experiences are found. On the other hand, in some projects, it is found that foundation exploration
is done with requisite accuracy and crucial design changes are introduced timely or foundation treatment
is done properly as a result of which the project is executed very well. What is important is to learn from
both the types of experiences as to what is the real significance of foundation exploration and how it
becomes crucial for the execution and performance of the project in long run. The discussion is focused
on the said learning with case studies of both the types.
About the Presenter
Mr. Vivek P. Kapadia is presently Chief Engineer and Director in the Narmada Water Resources Department, Water
Supply and Kalpasar Department, Government of Gujarat. He is working with large projects like lift irrigation
schemes, Bhadbhut Barrage (which is a 1.64-Kilometre-long estiarine barrage on Narmada River), Kalpasar
Project (which would be a huge dam approx. 30 KM long in the Gulf of Khambat). He has obtained Master of
Engineering, Master of Law, Post-graduation in Business Administration and Computer Application. He has been
actively involved in design, execution and policy making in the field of Water Resources Engineering. He has been
one of the pioneers of the participatory water conservation movement ushered in Gujarat. He has been instrumental
in designing and restoration of many large structures of irrigation projects by using innovative techniques. He has
done pioneering work on the application of geosynthetics in canals and hydraulic structures. He has more than 100
papers in national and international forums/journals.
1
KEYNOTE LECTURE
AN OWNERS PERSPECTIVE IN MANAGING GROUND AND
FOUNDATION RELATED RISKS
Conrad W. Felice, Ph.D., P.E., D. GE, and FASCE, Managing Principal, C. W. Felice, LLC
This presentation will highlight an owner’s perspective and several specific tools and techniques to
mitigate and manage ground and foundation related risks from tender development through construction.
Ground related risks continue to dominate claims, cost escalation, and schedule delays on large
infrastructure projects regardless of the contract delivery system. As more projects anticipate using
Design-Build and Public-Private Partnerships or other alternative delivery systems, innovative contract
requirements, specifications, and tools are needed to assist owners in anticipating and managing risks
to minimize change orders, avoid cost increases and schedule delays. Specific concerns to owners are
how much information to provide prior to contract award, establishing appropriate contract baseline
conditions, sharing the risk on differing site conditions, managing changing design conditions after
award, establishing the appropriate roles and responsibilities for an owner, how best to ensure contract
compliance, and how to maintain the desired quality assurance, control, and verification from design
through completed construction.
About the Presenter
Dr Conrad Felice is serving as the Washington State Department of Transportation owners’ representative and
Geotechnical Design Manager for the over $2.5 billion I-405 Corridor Program. He is also the Managing Principal
at C. W. Felice, LLC, an Adjust Professor in the Department of Civil & Coastal Engineer at the University of
Florida and a Research Professor in the Mining Engineering Department at the Colorado School of Mines. He is
a professional engineer registered in 15 states and four Provinces in Canada. He has led the geostructural design
and construction of deep foundations for signature long span bridge projects including the Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link
in Mumbai. His projects have also included hard rock and soft ground tunnels, marine facilities, pipelines projects,
and hydro power facilities. Dr. Felice is a current trustee for the Deep Foundations Institute and the current chair
of the tunnel and underground structures committee of the Transportation Research Board. He is a Fellow of the
American Society of Civil Engineers, a board-certified geotechnical engineer within the ASCE Geo-Institute,
and a past member of the Committee on Geological and Geotechnical Engineering for the National Research
Council, U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Academically he earned a B.S. and Ph.D., in civil engineering from
Ohio University and the University of Utah, respectively and a M.S. in facilities management from the Air Force
Institute of Technology
2
KEYNOTE LECTURE
RISK ANALYSIS, RISK ASSESSMENT AND DESIGN OF A NEW DEVELOPED
SLOPE STABILIZATION
Professor Dr-Ing. Rolf Katzenbach, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Robert-Bosch-Str. 9, 64293
Darmstadt, Germany, katzenbach@geotechnik.tu-darmstadt.de
ABSTRACT In a river valley with extremely steep slopes a 160 m high and about 1.7 km long Motorway
bridge is to be built. By the use of the observational method, relevant downhill orientated slope
displacements have been detected with inclinometers. To secure the overall stability of the bridge piers
and of the slope challenging stabilization measures become necessary. Due to the extremely complicated
local conditions a new technical method for slope stabilization has been developed. Therefore about 45
m deep shafts with a diameter of 6.6 m are constructed. For the load transfer the shafts are connected
with a 4.2 m x 6.3 m thick and 32 m long strongly reinforced head board and tied back with up to
55 m long permanent anchors. This new developed slope stabilization construction will be used in
combination with permanent groundwater lowering. To analyse the applicability of the construction,
a nonlinear 3D-Finite-Element-Model of the steep slope with the anchored shafts was developed and
a parameter study has been conducted. In this paper the risk analysis, the risk assessment and the new
developed slope stabilization scheme using the anchored shafts as well as the 3D-FE-Analysis will be
described in detail.
Keywords: Natural Hazards, Slope Stability, Observational Method, Landslides
About the Presenter:
Professor Dr-Ing. Rolf Katzenbach is Professor at the Institute and Laboratory of Geotechnics at the
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany and CEO of his international consulting office. He is a board
member of several international and national organisations like DFI. Professor Katzenbach is member
of the chamber of engineers and Publicly Certified Official Expert of Geotechnics and Independent
Checking Engineer working with his expertise for national and international courts of justice, arbitration
committees, insurance companies, state ministries, building authorities and big national and international
financial institutions and investors. Professor Katzenbach is responsible for the successful application of
the Combined Pile-Raft Foundation (CPRF) at important projects all over the world and is a respected
specialist for high-rise buildings, retaining systems, slope stability and underground constructions,
including tunnels for metro systems and high-speed railway lines.
3
KEYNOTE LECTURE
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON FOUNDATIONS OF MEGA BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES
IN LOWER HIMALAYAS
Subodh Jain, Member Engineering, Railway and Railway Board, Ministry of Railways
Indian railways have been engaged in constructing several of mega bridges and tunnels in the last two
decades. These projects had their unique challenges of soil conditions and construction of foundations.
This presentation will focus on practical experiences from some of such projects, such as Chenab Bridge,
Anji Khad bridge and proposed rope-ways. It will present the owner’s perspective in these case studies
and the line of thought involved in decision making while dealing with the challenges. Some of these
questions can appear trivial, yet important to resolve, such as the selection of foundation type for major
rivers - well foundation vs pile foundation, while looking into the impact on scour and other pre-existing
structures.
Member Engineering, Railway and Railway Board, Ministry of Railways, Ex-officio Secretary to the Government
of India and Ex-Central Railway General Manager Subodh Jain superannuated from Indian railways in April
2014. During his tenure his innovative works like introducing 15-car suburban services, pioneering the first
private freight terminal on Indian Railways, introducing shuttle services between Matheran and Aman Lodge
and implementing the novel concept of single line mega block for asset maintenance in a double line sector on
a major trunk route, were completed. As chief administrative officer, Western Railways, he has been responsible
for successful execution of new station building at Borivali East, extension and renovation of iconic station at
Churchgate and further development of Dadar and Bandra Terminus. An officer of the 1975 batch of Indian
Railway Service of Engineers (IRSE), Jain is a graduate in civil engineering from University of Roorkee (now IIT
Roorkie). During his long professional career, Jain has worked on Indian Railways as well as with BHEL, Jhansi
and Engineers India Ltd, Vadodara, IRCON International Ltd on Railways, his challenging assignments include
Executive Director Delhi Metro, divisional railway manager, Bhopal, principal chief engineer, Central Railway
and chief administrative officer (construction), East Central Railway & Western Railway. He has won international
patent for one of his innovations and has also received the best innovation award for the year 2006-07 by Railway
Board. He has also been awarded “The Engineer of the Year 2009” by CBR International.
4
KEYNOTE LECTURE
LESSONS LEARNED FROM GEOTECHNICAL FAILURES
Dr. James G. Collin, Ph.D., P.E., D.GE., The Collin Group, Ltd, Office 301-907-9501
This Presentation will focus on the review of four case histories on geotechnical failures:
1. Settlement of an office building founded on stone columns;
2. Lateral movement of a highway embankment supported by columns and a load transfer platform;
3. A two-tiered, 90-foot-high MSE wall that movement horizontally and vertically over one foot;
and
4. An MSE wall that failed twice because to regional geology was not considered in the design.
Dr. James G. Collin, P.E., founded The Collin Group, Ltd., in 1995. He is author of the National Highway Institutes
“Ground Improvement Methods Manual,” “Soil Slope and Embankment Design Manual”, “Slope Maintenance
and Slide Restoration Manual”, and “Shallow Foundations Manual”. Dr. Collin was a principal investigator for
the SHRP2R02 project on “Geotechnical Solutions for Soil Improvement, Rapid Embankment Construction, and
Stabilization of the Pavement Working Platform.” Over the last decade The Collin Group has been involved
with the design and construction of over 2 dozen column supported embankment projects across the US. Dr.
Collin was the principal investigator for a FHWA research program to develop design guidelines for column
supported embankments and was a co-author on the FHWA Design Manual on Deep Mixing for Embankment and
Foundation Support. He just recently updated the technical summary for Column Supported Embankments for
FHWA Ground Improvement Manual. Dr. Collin has been a member of ASCE since 1985. He is a fellow and a
Diplomat of Geotechnical Engineering with ASCE and currently on the GI Board of Governors.
5
KEYNOTE LECTURE
UNDERSTANDING RISK IN GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION
Silas Nichols, P.E., Slohcin Solutions, LLC, USA
A lack of quality data due to poor characterization of a project site will lead to uncertainty in design,
and often will result in decisions or conclusions that must absorb additional risk. This presentation will
examine how geotechnical designers evaluate risk in geotechnical site characterization, and address the
uncertainty associated with the type of measurement and the number of measurements used to develop
geotechnical design parameters. In addition, the presentation will discuss the uncertainty and risk of
having a lack of data with respect to understanding the impact of extreme events and influencing factors
to serviceability of structures and geotechnical features.
Silas Nichols is the Principal Geotechnical Engineer for the Federal Highway Administration’s Office of
Infrastructure. Silas is responsible for providing leadership and direction for the FHWA National Geotechnical Team
through policy development, technical guidance development, and coordination with industry and professional
groups. Silas has been with the FHWA for 17 years both in Headquarters and with the Resource Center. Silas
earned a bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering from Syracuse University, and a Master’s Degree in Geotechnical
Engineering from Tuft’s University. Prior to employment with the FHWA, Silas served more than ten years in
private consulting in the north-eastern and mid-Atlantic United States.
6
KEYNOTE LECTURE
COMMUNICATING OBJECTIVES AND RISK AMONG PROJECT SHAREHOLDERS
Antonio Marinucci, Ph.D., MBA, P.E., M.ASCE,Principal V2C Strategists LLC, Brooklyn, NY USA
As projects have become increasingly larger and more complex, especially in urban settings, project
management and delivery, including communications, have become more convoluted, demanding,
and, at times, antagonistic. As ideal project sites have been depleted, new construction developments
are being performed in congested spaces, are facing increased requirements and regulations, and are
being executed with shorter and shorter durations. Up until the past few decades, the Design-Bid-
Build project delivery approach was the predominant contracting method in which the entire design
and project documents were completed prior to the commencement of construction. For Design-Bid-
Build projects, the owner via its hired engineer bears the risk for the design, and the contractor bears
the risk for executing the work (e.g., productivity, schedule, cost, performance, etc.). More recently,
alternative project delivery methods, such as Design-Build, are being utilized to offset the shortfall in
available funding, to expedite the construction of the work, and to reallocate risk. With the Design-Build
method, the owner provides an incomplete design (at about 30% stage or less) and a technical concept
from which interested parties/teams can provide an offer. Furthermore, the risk and responsibility for
design, construction, and performance are borne by the contractor’s team, who are most capable to
mitigate the risk, are able to realize increased productivity and flexibility, and able to decrease the
overall cost. Together with tightened funding and scheduling, these intricate construction endeavours
have resulted in greater demands on and mandate quicker action by each project participant. Therefore,
open communication and clear understanding of objectives, goals, and risks by all shareholders on
a project are crucial to the project’s success. This paper will present and discuss various issues such
as allocation of risk and responsibility, documentation, and communication, along with relevant court
interpretations, that are commonly confronted throughout a project, and will provide recommendations
on how best to address these concerns to ensure a successful outcome for all project shareholders.
Dr Marinucci is a principal at V2C Strategists LLC in Brooklyn, New York, the executive editor of DFI’s Deep
Foundations magazine, and a researcher/lecturer at the Tandon School of Engineering at NYU. He received a
Ph.D. degree in civil engineering (geotechnical concentration) from the Univ. of Texas at Austin, an MBA degree
from the Univ. of Rhode Island, and a MSCE degree from North-eastern Univ. Dr Marinucci has more than
20 years of progressive experience in the geo-construction industry. He is a registered professional engineer in
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a certified NHI instructor, and an active member of numerous professional
organizations and technical committees. Dr Marinucci has authored or co-authored more than 35 peer reviewed
technical publications on design and construction applications, practical research, and legal issues relating to
geotechnical engineering and the geo-construction industry.
7
KEYNOTE LECTURE
DENSIFICATION OF LOOSE SAND BELOW A LARGE ECRD DAM
Professor G V Ramana, IIT Delhi
Liquefaction susceptibility assessment was carried out based on extensive geotechnical investigations
in the form of SPT, CPT and Vs using the simplified approach. The results indicated that the dam bed
is susceptible to liquefaction to a depth of 17 m. In-situ relative density of the sand bed is estimated
using empirical correlations based on CPT results. Vibro Compaction is recommended based on the
fines content and trial test results. Achieved relative density after densification is estimated to be above
80% based on different correlations and criteria for quality control is developed based on measured cone
resistance.
Prof. Ramana joined IIT Delhi in January 1997. His main research areas include Geotechnical earthquake
engineering, Dynamic soil structure interaction, waste mechanics and ground improvement. He has authored 125
papers in journals and conferences. He has worked on 5 research projects and over 100 consultancy projects. He
has guided 14 Ph D thesis and 65 M. Tech thesis. He has authored one text book and edited 3 Proceedings.
8
GUEST PRESENTATION
WOMEN IN ENGINEERING
Anjana Kadakia, P.E., LEED AP BD+C, Senior Principal & Mumbai Office Director, Thornton Tomasetti
This presentation will launch the DFI of India Women in Deep Foundations (WiDF) initiative by
highlighting the technical and professional journey and experiences of Ms. Anjana Kadakia, Senior
Principal & Mumbai Office Director for Thornton Tomasetti. This presentation is aimed at starting a DFI
of India conversation on inclusivity and diversity in the construction industry. Ms. Kadakia will describe
her background as a child in India and the influences that encouraged her to pursue engineering, and
she will share her experiences as a woman in the construction industry, from her early years at Thornton
Tomasetti through her growth from an entry level engineer to her present role. She will discuss her move
to the U.S., advancement to her present role, her experiences as a woman in the construction industry,
and her eventual return to India 30 years later. She will share her most notable projects, lessons learned,
and reflections on her career with the benefit of hindsight.
Senior Principal Anjana Kadakia directs the Mumbai, India operations for the international ngineering firm Thornton
Tomasetti. She has 39 years of experience in the structural analysis, design and review of a variety of projects in the
U.S. and around the globe. Her expertise encompasses commercial, residential, healthcare, long-span and sports
facilities and includes the design and management of large, fast-track projects from schematic design through
construction administration. Anjana’s structural design credits include some of the most recognizable venues
in professional sports. These include MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, the second-largest NFL
stadium in the U.S.; PETCO Park, home of the San Diego Padres baseball team in California; Florida’s American
Airlines Arena, home of the NBA’s Miami Heat; and NHL’s Bridgestone Arena and NFL’s Nissan Stadium in
Nashville, Tennessee. She also has several tall towers to her credit, including Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir, the
tallest religious tructure in India, and the nearly 1,000-foot Comcast Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Other
projects include Capital Green IV, a residential development, and the National Tax Headquarters, both New Delhi,
India; and Nathani Heights, a 72-story residential tower, One Indiabulls Centre, a four-tower residential complex,
and Rivali Park, a 22-acre mixed-use development, all in Mumbai, India. Anjana holds a bachelor’s degree in
civil engineering from Bombay University in India and a master’s degree in structural engineering from Rutgers
University in New Jersey. She is a licensed professional engineer in Mumbai and Delhi, India, as well as in New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania in the United States. She holds LEED Accredited Professional, Building Design
and Construction certification.
In 2013, Anjana received a Leaders of Industry Award from the New York chapter of the oncrete Industry Board.
The honor recognizes individuals who display an exemplary attitude toward their work and their professional
relationships. Recipients must have an esteemed reputation among co-workers and be cognizant of the significance
of their work and impact on the future of the profession.
9
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PILE FOUNDATIONS

IN THE CONGESTED PART OF OLD DHAKA CITY OF BANGLADESH -
CASE STUDY ON MAYOR MOHAMMAD HANIF FLYOVER
Avik Kumar Mandal, Chief General Manager, LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, +91-
9650806816, avik@lasaindia.com, m_avik74@yahoo.co.uk
S. Sailesh, Associate General Manager, LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, sailesh@
lasaindia.com
Pradyot Biswas, Associate Director, LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, +91-
9818010183, pradyotbiswas@lasaindia.com
J. P. Das, Sr. Consultant (Bridges), LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, jpdas@lasaindia.
com
Dinakar Mandal, Chief General Manager, LEA Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, dinakar@
lasaindia.com
ABSTRACT:Presently Mayor Mohammad Hanif Flyover is the longest Elevated corridor in Bangladesh.
This flyover was built in the congested part of the Old Dhaka City namely Sonir Akhra - Jatrabari -
Gulistan - Polashi Area of Bangladesh connecting with the main highway bound to Chittagaong Port.
The total length of the flyover was 10.6 km including 11 numbers of UP/Down ramps and related
infrastructure. The entire flyover including all the ramps are supported by cast-in-situ RCC Bored Pile
foundation of 1.20 m diameter and of varying length from 16.25 m to 37.25 m. The alignment of the
flyover passes through the old Dhaka city having numbers of different types of underground utilities
namely water pipe line, electric cable line, sewerage pipe lines, gas pipe lines and T&T lines. It was a
great challenge to finalize the details of pile group and its cap for the foundation of entire flyover by
keeping most of the major different utilities in its own position without relocating the same. As a result,
separate design for all the 315 numbers of pile group of different regular and irregular shapes comprising
of total 2366 numbers of pile shaft was done for the entire flyover. The LRFD method of AASHTO 4th
Edition 2007 was adopted for the design of pile foundation of the flyover. Hydraulic Drilling Rig was
used for pile boring and plant made ready mix concrete (RMC) through “Tremie” was used to do the
pile concerting. This paper presents the detailed design philosophy and construction methodology of
pile foundations of the flyover.
KEYWORDS Flyover, Ramp, Geotechnical Investigation, Pile Foundation, Underground Utilities, Pile
Load Tests
Avik Kumar Mandal is presently working as Chief General Manager (CGM) in LEA Associates South Asia
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, where he works in design engineering division related Geotechnical Engineering
aspects of all the projects in different parts of India and different countries of Asia and Arica. He holds Bachelor
of Engineering (B.E.) degree in Civil Engineering from Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College (JGEC),
Jalpaiguri under University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India in the year 1997. He did his post-graduation i.e. Master
of Technology (M.Tech.) in Geotechnical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, India
in 1999. Avik Kumar Mandal is a registered “Chartered Engineer” also “Professional Engineer” in India and has
around 20 years of experience of in Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering. He is life members of various
professional organizations in India, like “Institute of Engineers (India)”, “Indian Road Congress (IRC)”, “Indian
Geotechnical Society (IGS)”, “Indian Concrete Institute (ICI)”, “Indian Society for Hydraulics (ISH)” and also
member of “International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE)” for the years 2018-
2021. He is the author of 5 numbers of technical papers published in various Indian Geotechnical Conferences
(IGC) and Journal of IGS.
10
A REVIEW ON T SHAPED DEEP MIXING TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING PROJECTS

Rashmi Patel, Research Scholar, SVKM’s NMIMS MPSTME, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, swtrashmi@
gmail.com
Jigisha Vashi, Assistant Professor, SVKM’s NMIMS MPSTME, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, vashi.jigisha@
gmail.com
ABSTRACT: Deep mixing (DM) method is commonly used for supporting embankments on soft
grounds for highway and railway engineering. This method is replete with issues of insufficient mixing,
grout spilling, and column strength decreasing with depth. These problems can be resolved by the new
technology of T-Shaped Deep Mixing column, which improves the quality of soft soil, which in turn
further improves the embankment stability. TDM column have an enlarged cap and therefore it can
take more applied load in comparison to the conventional column which further results in less stress
in soil further resulting in decreased soil settlement and differential settlement of the ground, and an
increase in consolidation rate. The parameters studied here for field embankment loading conditions
were, stress concentration ratio, excess pore water pressures generated in the soft clays, total monitored
settlement, and lateral soil displacement. From the literature it is observed that TDM columns has
significant advantages over conventional DM columns because of mitigation of settlement and improved
performance of the embankments while decreasing construction costs. It is also found that material used
in TDM column is less compared to conventional DM column which decreases the construction cost
of the project. The results indicate that TDM method is a more economic and efficient solution for
soft ground improvement under embankments. Earlier works by numerous researchers on T- shaped
deep mixing column including laboratory work, full-scale field tests, analytical and numerical analyses
related to improvement of soft soil is reviewed in this paper. Results are discussed with the help of figures
depicting charts, failure modes and it has been found that T- shaped deep mixing method provides an
enhanced alternative to the existing methods of improving soft clay with regard to soil bearing capacity
and settlement criterion.
Rashmi Patel is a Ph.D scholar at SVKM’s NMIMS MPSTME, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. She holds B.E in
civil engineering from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India and M.Tech
in soil mechanics and foundation engineering from SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat, India. She has a 3 years of Industry
experience and 7 years of Academic experience.
Dr. Jigisha Vashi is an Assistant Professor at SVKM’s NMIMS MPSTME, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. She
holds B.E in civil engineering from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India
and M.Tech in soil mechanics and foundation engineering from SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat, India. She is a doctorate
from SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat, India. She holds an Academic experience of 6 years and Industrial experience of 1
year. She is registered life member of Indian Geotechnical Society and ISTE. She is the author of more than 30
technical papers and is a recipient of Young Geotechnical Engineer (YGE) Best Paper Award – 2016.
11
EFFECT OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF

METRO TUNNEL BELOW THE RIVER GANGES IN KOLKATA, INDIA
Biswanath Dewanjee, Chief Engineer, Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation Limited City- Kolkata, Country-India,
biswanath_dewanjee@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT: The Ganges is one of the most prominent rivers in India and historically major cities
like Kolkata are developed along the banks. There was a rapid upsurge in population in the Kolkata
metropolitan area during the last 50 years and consequently it is necessary to develop a modern mass
transportation facility in this region. Kolkata East-West Metro is a crucial mass transit corridor project
connecting Kolkata and its twin city Howrah on other side of river. Twin bored tunnels were built
below the river Ganges to connect the cities. The tunnel is 16m to 19m below the river bed. The 5.55
meter (m) internal diameter tunnels are constructed with concrete RCC segmental liners. The 520 m
river crossing was accomplished using earth pressure balancing tunnel boring machines (TBM). This
is the first transportation tunnel project in India under such a large and revered river. This ambitious
initiative involved meticulous planning and investigation of the Ganga- Brahmaputra deltaic region
juvenile alluvial sub-soil. This paper covers geotechnical investigation, hydrological data collection,
selection criteria for alignment design, type of construction, and selection of the tunnel boring machine.
Key Words: Kolkata, Geotechnical investigation, Tunneling, Underwater, Face Pressure
Biswanath Dewanjee is the Chief Engineer [Civil] in Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation, Kolkata, India where he is
the in-charge of planning, design and execution of underground east-west metro corridor. He holds a post-graduate
degree in geotechnical engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He has more than 27 years of experience
in design and construction of highways, bridges, township infrastructure and Metro Railway with vast exposure in
handling geotechnical problems in real time projects.
12
ASSESSING DEPTH OF WELL FOUNDATION – CASE STUDY

Ravi Sundaram, Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd., A-100 Sector 63, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 9810538095
ravi@cengrs.com
Sanjay Gupta, Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd., A-100 Sector 63, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 9810138095
sanjay@cengrs.com
Sorabh Gupta, Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd., A-100 Sector 63, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 9910861118
sorabh@cengrs.com
ABSTRACT: Parallel seismic test and sonic pulse echo response test are effective non-destructive
methods to determine the depth of an existing foundation. The paper presents a case where depth of
well foundation installed for a bridge across a drain was questioned by the owner. While the contractor
insisted that the well depth was 12.2 m below the well cap as per the drawings, the owner doubted it. The
results conclusively proved that the well depth was about 11 m below the well cap. The tests provided a
scientific basis for confirming the as-constructed depth of the foundation.
Keywords: foundation depth assessment, NDT Testing, Parallel seismic test, sonic echo response test,
well foundations
Sanjay Gupta, Managing Director of Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd. has over 46 years’ experience as a practicing
geotechnical engineer. He directs all geotechnical investigation and construction activities of the company.
His expertise includes site investigations, large diameter bored piles, under-reamed piles, high capacity load testing
of piles, ground improvement, foundation design under difficult soil conditions including soft ground/ weak soils
and under artesian conditions.
He is widely regarded for his experience in geotechnical engineering consultancy and construction. He was
awarded the IGS-Dinesh Mohan Award for Excellence in Professional Practice in 2008 and the IGS Delhi Chapter
Lifetime Achievement Award in the year 2010-2011.
As member of the Geotechnical Engineering Committee of the Indian Roads Congress and Bureau of Indian
Standards, he is actively involved in upgrading practice methods and preparing codes of practice for geotechnical
aspects of highways and bridges. He has published several technical papers on field and practical geotechnical
engineering.
An IIT Delhi alumnus; Sorabh Gupta completed his M.S. in Civil Engineering from Stanford University in
2004. Sorabh started his career with Fugro West in California, where he worked on several major projects in
USA, Africa and Mexico for a period of 3 years. He moved to India in 2007 after a short stint at Haley & Aldrich
in Boston, and joined Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt Ltd. In the past 10 years, he has been actively involved in several
major Geotechnical exploration programs across India. Sorabh is presently responsible for business development
and technical matters at the Company. Sorabh is active in various professional organizations, including DFI, IGS,
ISSMGE, etc. He has served on the IGS Delhi Chapter Executive Committee since 2007 and is also the recipient
of the IGS Delhi Chapter Young Engineer’s Award, 2008.
13
NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE IN DEEP FOUNDATION INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Manish Kumar, Senior Vice President, ITD Cementation India Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Mob: +91-
9820698739, Email: manish.kumar@itdcem.co.in
Sachin Kamat, Assistant General Manager, ITD Cementation India Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Mob:
+91-9920838286, Email: sachin.kamat@itdcem.co.in
ABSTRACT Government of India has taken initiative to augment infrastructure in the country in an
expeditious manner. Accordingly, they have planned major investments in roads, water supply, railways,
MRTS systems, tunnels, ports etc. Almost 8% of our Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is utilized for new
construction in infrastructure and other fields. While the investment is assured, and the projects are
coming, the need of the hour is to accelerate the pace of construction. This has induced opportunities for
introducing new technologies for fast track construction to reduce the cost and time of construction. In
the geotechnical arena, we need to seriously look at newer technologies for faster construction of piles
and their applications. In this paper, the utilization of Barrette Piles, Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)
piles and Spun Concrete Piles have been discussed. Also, discussed is a special application of bored
piles, namely Secant Piles which has gained popularity in recent times because of requirement of very
deep excavations in thickly populated urban areas for construction of underground stations for MRTS
systems.
Keywords: Barrette Pile, CFA Piles, Spun Pile, Secant Pile
Manish Kumar is Joint Executive Vice President for ITD Cementation India Ltd., Mumbai, India. He holds B.Tech
and M.S. degrees in Civil Engineering from IIT Bombay and Auburn University, Alabama, USA, respectively. He
is an author of more than 15 technical papers in national and International forum. He is also a member of Indian
Geotechnical Society.
Manish Kumar currently heads Division for Specialist Engineering and has more than 31 years of experience in
design and construction of Pile Foundation, Diaphragm Wall, Geotechnical Investigation, Ground Improvement,
and other Geotechnical Designs in India and USA.
Sachin Kamat is Assistant General Manager for ITD Cementation India Ltd., Mumbai, India. He holds B.E.
and M.Tech degrees in Civil Engineering from Shivaji University and Pune University, Maharashtra, India,
respectively. He is an author of two technical papers.
Sachin Kamat has more than 16 years of experience in design and construction of Pile Foundation, Geotechnical
Investigation, Ground Improvement, and other Geotechnical Designs for major highways, bridges, Metro, flyovers,
high-rise buildings and industrial structures in UK and India.
14
CONTINUOUS FLIGHT AUGER PILES – A TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE FOR FASTER

PILING IN INDIA
Sunil.S. Basarkar1 *, KS Ramakrishna2, I.V. Anirudhan3 and K. Pitchumani 4
1 M/s AFCONS Infra. Ltd., Mumbai; 2 DFI of India, Chennai; 3 M/s Geotechnical Solutions, Chennai; 4 M/s
AECOM, Chennai * Corresponding Author: sunil.basarkar@afcons.com
ABSTRACT Concept of Bored Cast-in-Situ (BCIS) piling was introduced in India during early 1950s
and since then are used widely. BCIS piles, despite being widely used today, require skilled supervision,
and may not offer faster and quality guaranteed solution under certain sub-surface conditions. There
is an urgent need to introduce latest piling technology to ensure higher productivity with high quality
standards, addressing safety requirements during execution. Such foundation technology is expected to
be an economical answer to accelerate country’s growing infrastructural needs.
Realizing this technology gap, DFI of India along with DFI (USA) set ahead an ambitious technology
initiative for introduction of Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles in India. Looking at the piling practices
in USA and Europe, it is well accepted that CFA piles would take less time for installation compared to
BCIS piles for a certain range of loads and sub-soil conditions; and therefore, would play a pivotal role
to address India’s fast track piling requirements during its immediate future.
This paper presents details of the plans and actions on the DFI of India’s CFA technology initiative which
is expected to provide useful information on the philosophies of design and execution to be adopted,
critical areas and considerations that are currently being addressed for its successful implementation. In
fact, there are wide possibilities of CFA piles in assisting fast track projects and is expected to set up a
positive ambience for gainful acceptance in India, which otherwise, had been viewed sceptically in the
past.
15
PERFORMANCE OF LARGE-DIAMETER BORED PILE

WITH SHORT SOCKETED LENGTH IN IGNEOUS ROCK IN THAILAND
Zaw Zaw Aye, Seafco PCL, Bangkok, Thailand, +66859091029; zaw@seafco.co.th
Thayanan Boonyarak, PhD, Seafco PCL, Bangkok, Thailand, +66805818799; thayanan@seafco.co.th
Sereyroath Chea, Seafco PCL, Bangkok, Thailand, +66935503967; sereyroath_eng@seafco.co.th
Nutthapon Thasnanipan, Seafco PCL, Bangkok, Thailand, +66846660555; nutthapon@seafco.co.th
ABSTRACT Large-diameter bored piles have been utilized extensively in soft soil for more than four
decades in Thailand, whereas there are only limited numbers of rock-socketed bored pile constructed.
To date, load transfer and settlement behavior of piling in rock in Thailand is still not fully understood,
especially when the socketedlength is less than one time the pile diameter. The objectives of this paper
are to analyze load distribution and to investigate load-settlement relationship of bored pile in rock.
Collected data in this study was from pile load test results of more than 90 large-diameter bored piles,
socketed in igneous rock such as granite and andesite. Bored piles were constructed using rotary drilling
method, having socketed length varying from 0.3 to more than 3 times the pile diameter. Factors that
influenced pile settlement behavior, consisting of socketed length and construction method were analyzed.
The effects of socketed length on loadsettlement relationship and ultimate load bearing capacity were
investigated. Load-settlement behavior, unit shaft resistance and unit end bearing are presented and
discussed. Also, guidelines of estimation of pile settlement in rock is proposed. According to measured
and calculated data, settlement of pile was mainly due to elastic shortening. This is because shaft friction
in granite was the major component for pile resistance. For piles with socketed length per diameter ratio
(S/D) of greater equal one, the mobilized shaft friction and end bearing are significantly larger than those
with S/D of less than one. This is because socketed length is sufficient in rock to provide fully mobilized
end bearing, resulting in relatively large stiffness at pile base.
KEYWORDS: Load transfer mechanism, Socketed length, Design parameters, Igneous rock
Dr Thayanan Boonyarak is a chief of engineering division of Seafco Public Company Limited (Thailand). He
is also a committee member of Geotechnical Engineering Division of Engineering Institute of Thailand (EIT). He
received Bachelor and Master of Engineering Degrees from Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) and obtained
PhD in Geotechnical Engineering in Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He is an expertise in deep
foundation, retaining structure, deep excavation and soil-structure interaction. He has been involved in design and
construction of several geotechnical and structural works in Thailand and Myanmar for more than 15 years. For
academic activities, he has published more than 35 papers in peer-reviewed journals and international conference
papers.
16
CONTACT FREE SENSOR TO MONITOR PRESTRESSING ANCHORS

IN GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES
Lucian Bogdan, DYWIDAG Systems International, Long Beach, CA, USA, 1-562-295-3907, lucian.bogdan@
dsiamerica.com
Rajiv Pandey, DSI-Bridgecon, New Delhi, Delhi, India, 011+91 99 714 32223, RAJIV.PANDEY@
dsibridgecon.com
Shahid Islam, DYWIDAG Systems International, Bolingbrook, IL, USA, 1-630-972-4028, shahid.islam@
dsiamerica.com
ABSTRACT There is a rapid expansion of world’s infrastructure and simultaneously existing
infrastructure is aging. The maintenance of infrastructures has been of concern to the engineering
community. Monitoring and evaluating the structures have become more significant than ever. Ground
anchor is an important part of the structure where it is installed. Unfortunately, there are limited testing
methods available to assess the force in the pre-stressing steel. High cost, complicated equipment
and limitation of space often prevent these methods from being implemented. DYNA Force sensors
have been developed to measure the force in the pre-stressing steel during construction and at any
time during the lifetime of the structure. These sensors make use of the magneto-elastic properties of
ferrous materials. A readout unit is designed to magnetically energize the steel through the sensor and
measure the response of the steel to the process. The readout unit then converts the response into a
direct force reading. They can be used for bare, epoxy coated, galvanized and greased-sheathed steel in
the bonded, un-bonded, grouted or un-grouted length of the tendon. It measures the force of the steel
element at the location where it is installed and can be recorded manually, automatically, or remotely.
The sensor is robust, requires no maintenance and it is expected to have a similar service life to that of
the surrounding structure. Sensors have received attention in terms of accuracy, performance, ease in
installation, durability, and cost effectiveness. This paper describes its application in tie-back and tie-
down anchors and force monitoring of retaining walls, bridge abutment and concrete dams where the
data were collected manually, automated and remotely.
Keywords: post-tensioning, force monitor, sensor, tie-back, retaining wall, dam
Rajiv Pandey is Head of Geotechnical and Post Tension verticals of DSI-bridgecon India Pvt. Ltd,
New Delhi, the Indian legal entity of Dywidag Systems International, Germany. He holds an MBA in
Marketing and has been involved with leading activities in South East Asian region for Geotechnical,
Tunneling, and Mining in India since 2010.
17
APPLICATIONS OF ROCK PENETRATION H PILE FOR DEEP EXCAVATION

RETAINING SYSTEM
Nagarajan. D, Senior Design Engineer, Geotechnical- CMPC, EDRC, Heavy Civil Infra, Larsen & Toubro,
Chennai, India, nagarajan-d@lntecc.com.
Raja Rajan. K, Assistant Engineering Manager, Geotechnical-CMPC, EDRC, Larsen & Toubro, Chennai,
India, k-raja@lntecc.com.
Vijaykumar. T, Head, EDRC-CMPC, Heavy Civil Infra, Larsen & Toubro, Chennai, India, tvk@
lntecc.com.
ABSTRACT Mumbai Metro Line 3 (MML3) Project of 33.5km underground metro, proposed from
Colaba to SEEPZ at Mumbai in India. Underground Package UGC-07 is one of the 7 packages of MML3
project. Deep excavations for underground metro station construction carried out by conventional secant
pile wall as earth retaining system. Secant pile walls formed by overlapping reinforced concrete piles
with un-reinforced piles. In SEEPZ station at launching shaft location, construction of secant pile for
entire length of station not possible due to delay in land acquisition. To make the excavation within
available land, Rock penetration H pile proposed 30m away from the existing Head Secant pile wall
across the launching shaft layout. In Rock penetration H pile, Structural beam used as reinforcement.
Considering quick installation and the dismantling scheme, Rock Penetration H Piles proposed as
retaining system across launching shaft. This paper describes the modelling of Rock Penetration H pile
along with installing and dismantling scheme as retaining system in lieu of reinforced secant pile.
Keywords: Deep excavation, finite element Analysis, Ground Anchor, H-pile, PLAXIS, Retaining
system, rock penetration, Secant Pile Underground Metro
Nagarajan D is working as an Assistant Engineering Manager-Design for L&T construction, Chennai, where he
covers the scope of Geotechnical Design in Construction Methods and Planning for Metros and Special bridges
division. He holds Master degree in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering from College of Engineering,
Anna University, Chennai. He is having 5years of versatile experience in design, constructions, project management
of geotechnical and underground structures. He is lifetime member of Indian Geotechnical Society. He is expertise
in Geotechnical Investigation, ground improvements, marine foundations, Slope stability, Dewatering for
underground excavations, temporary earth retaining structures and foundations for waterfront structures.
18
MICROPILES – A STORY OF SUCCESS

Dipl.-Ing, Andreas Brandner, IB-Brandner, Karl-Schoenherr-Strasse 8, A-6020 Innsbruck – Austria, Phone
+43 512 563 3320, Fax +43 512 563 3324, Email office@ib-brandner.com
ABSTRACT Micropiles are not new, but they are not well known. They have been used already for a
very long period as foundation elements – driven piles more than a thousand years – and several European
cities are built on thousands of piles. Micropiles in the present meaning are defined in the European
Standard EN 14199 as either bored piles with a diameter not exceeding 300 mm or displacement piles
with a diameter not exceeding 150 mm. Bored piles can be done with or without casing depending on
soil conditions. Micropiles as mentioned above were used in the middle of the past century as so called
“pali radiavikci” in Italy, and then later in Germany and the whole of Europe. In the paper the exact
definition, and differences in design principles between Europe and other parts of the world will be
covered as well as design and execution rules. Examples of the design and erection process show how
micropiles can be used not only as foundation elements, but also for slope stabilization projects, soil
reinforcement, or solving anchoring problems.
Brandner owns IB-Brandner, Innsbruck Austria, an independent consulter focussed on geotechnical and civil
engineering problems in alpine areas. He got his diploma from the Technical University of Innsbruck - Austria and
is a Chartered Consulting Engineer in Austria. He has more than 37 years of worldwide experience in geotechnical
engineering and solution of civil engineering problems in challenging environment – mountain areas - and is
author of several papers.
He is Chairman of the Civil Engineers section of the Austrian Chamber of Engineers, member of the European
Standardization committee CEN for Safety Requirements of Cableway Installations carrying passengers, member
of Austrian Standards, Committee 023 - Geotechnics and is member of the ISSMGE – International Society of
Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics, DFI – Deep Foundation Institute and ISM – International Society of Micropiles.
19
RECOGNIZED CORROSION PROTECTION METHODS FOR

PERMANENT GROUND ANCHORS
Chris Irvin, Dywidag-Systems International Ltd., Warwickshire, UK
Devon Mothersille, Geoserve Global Ltd., London, UK
Rajiv Pandey, DSI Bridgecon, Delhi, India
ABSTRACT Ground anchors are widely used in civil engineering for retaining wall tieback and uplift
restraint in deep basements as well as a range of other applications where traditional construction
methods are either unsuitable or uneconomic. The ability to provide active restraint using a stressed
tendon offers significant benefits in reducing the size and weight of the structure.
Recent projects in India include the Sivok-Rangpo Tunnel and the Middle Bhotekoshi Hydro-Electric
Project in Nepal, utilized permanent anchors with double corrosion protection to fulfill the required
lifespans of the structures.
For permanent ground anchors with lifespans up to 120 years, durability in the form of corrosion
protection is critical, as failure through insufficient corrosion protection is unacceptable. Applying the
correct corrosion protection is one of the most misunderstood principles in ground anchoring practice.
This paper seeks to highlight the pitfalls of incorrect corrosion protection methods, as well as outlining
and updating recognized corrosion protection principles in accordance with internationally recognized
ground anchor standards.
20
ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF JET GROUTING AND ITS APPLICATIONS FOR

SEEPAGE CONTROL
Akhila Manne, Sr. Geotechnical Engineer, Keller India, akhila@kellerindia.com
PVSR Prasad, Geotechnical Manager, Keller India, prasad@kellerindia.com
Madan Kumar Annam, Head of Engineering, Keller India, madankumar@kellerindia.com
ABSTRACT Jet grouting technique is applied for modifying the existing ground or to construct load
bearing member or a barrier without prior excavation. The jet grouting process employs hydraulic-
induced mixing of cement slurry with the native soil and is commonly used for providing seepage
control, limiting subsidence over tunnel excavation sites, and underpinning existing structures threatened
by subsidence etc. In specific to seepage control, the structural barriers resulting due to jet grouting
in the in-situ soil help increase the imperviousness of the in-situ soil and acts as a barrier to water
flow. Achieving the required diameter, strength, permeability etc. of the jet grout barrier depends on jet
grouting parameters such as grout pressure, lifting speed, number and diameter of nozzles and grout
mix. In addition to the operating parameters, column geometry, depth of treatment, effective quality
control plan plays important role in achieving a reliable seepage control barrier. This paper discusses the
engineering aspects of jet grouting in specific to address seepage control application of in-situ soil. The
technological process, construction parameters and construction method for formation of impervious
wall for seepage control are discussed in detail along with case history of one of the multipurpose
irrigation projects in India.
Keywords: Ground improvement, jet grouting, cement stabilization, seepage control
Akhila Manne is Sr. Geotechnical Engineer, working for Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd., India. Has
an M.S degree in civil engineering from IIIT Hyderabad. Her area of interest includes geotechnical earthquake
engineering, ground improvement and disaster management. She published several technical papers in national
and international conferences and journals during her research.
P.V.S.R. Prasad graduated with a Master of Technology in Geotechnical Engineering from Indian Institute of
Technology in Delhi, India. Prasad has been working with Keller since 2006, and he is presently Geotechnical
Manager for Keller India (South). He served almost 10 years in Keller Malaysia as a design manager and he
handled complex geotechnical engineering challenges during his career. His professional interests include heavy
foundations especially bored cast in-situ piles, deep excavations, ground improvement works in soft soils, soil
retention system using deep soil mixing, jet grouting and various grouting works in soil & rock for different
applications like highways, commercial buildings, storage tanks, dams and metro stations.
Madan Kumar Annam is responsible for engineering for Keller Group in India. Madan Kumar has 23 years of
professional experience in geotechnical engineering in Indian & multinational consultancy organizations at various
levels (e.g. L&T, L&T-RAMBOLL, DAR Group in Dubai and COWI Consultants in India & Denmark). Madan
Kumar handled complex geotechnical engineering projects during his career. His area of interest includes heavy
foundations especially bored cast in-situ piles, deep excavations and retention systems. Successfully fulfilled his
role of ‘Design Team Leader’ for the prestigious ‘Underground LPG Storage Cavern Project at Vizag’. This project
was a ground engineering marvel and most challenging in terms of analysis, design and execution of 300,000
m3 of rock cave at 200m below seabed level. Madan Kumar published several technical papers in National and
International Conferences and Journals. He is a motivational and theme speaker in various conferences and
delivered several industrial lectures in educational institutes.
21
MITIGATION OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL USING VIBRO COMPACTION

Tanmay Gupta, Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, +91-8828231006,
tanmay@kellerindia.com
Madan K. Annam, Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, +91-
8754509036, madankumar@kellerindia.com
Valluri Sridhar, Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, +91-9967063113,
sridhar@kellerindia.com
ABSTRACT Earthquakes are one of the most disastrous natural events. It remains an area of research
to predict the earthquakes, but always there is room for learnings from the earthquakes. One such risk
is the liquefaction potential of soils in loose sand deposits with shallow ground water table. Addressing
liquefaction mitigation in foundation design is one of the greatest challenges for practicing foundation
engineer. The mitigation of liquefaction potential could be achieved by several methods predominantly
with vibro compaction or dynamic compaction and vibro stone columns etc. The work in this study
highlights the liquefaction evaluation procedure and its mitigation using vibro compaction. Soil
investigation works using eCPTs were conducted before the start of the works to evaluate the seismic
vulnerability of soil in terms of liquefaction potential. Field trials were conducted at site to arrive at
optimum design of vibro compaction. High quality control using computerized output was monitored to
achieve the required compaction of the soil. The amount of backfill required resulting from subsidence of
surface was recorded to ensure the effectiveness of vibro compaction work. After ground improvement,
soil investigation works were conducted to assess efficacy of vibro compaction. Subsequently, full
size plate load tests were conducted to check the improved load settlement characteristics of improved
ground. Based on the findings of this study, vibro compaction proved as an effective ground improvement
technique to mitigate the liquefaction potential of soil, especially in loose sandy deposits.
Keywords: Earthquake, Liquefaction, Vibro Compaction, Ground Improvement
Tanmay is a Geotechnical Engineer for Keller Ground Engineering India Private Limited where he looks after
design of ground improvement using deep vibro techniques in North Western India. He holds B. Tech degree in Civil
Engineering from MNIT Jaipur (2012) and M. Tech degree in Geotechnical Engineering from IIT Delhi (2014). He
has 3+ years of experience in field of ground improvement and liquefaction evaluation and its mitigation. He is a
recipient of 2013 DAAD IIT-TU9 Masters Sandwich Program award. He is also a member of Indian Geotechnical
Society. Currently, he is also involved as a research scholar in IIT Delhi for Doctoral degree.
22
NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION ON A PILE – EFFECT OF DRAINAGE CONDITION

Prince Kumar1 and Satyanarayana M. Dasaka2
1 Postgraduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai;
e-mail: princeiitb16@gmail.com
2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai;
e-mail: dasaka@civil.iitb.ac.in
ABSTRACT Negative skin friction (NSF) is a common problem in the design of pile, where soft soil
presents. The soft soil applies drag on the pile when soil settlement is more than the pile. The NSF is
a very complex problem because it depends on several factors. In this paper, finite element method
(FEM) is used to simulate and analyse the pile-soil interaction problem of negative skin friction. For
the analyses, modified cam-clay (MCC) model, Mohr-Coulomb (MC) model, Hoek-Brown model, and
linear elastic model are used for soft clays, sand, rock, and pile, respectively. The model is validated
with a known case history. The development of dragload, downdrag, and the location of the neutral
plane (NP) are investigated and they match well with field data. Detailed parametric studies on the effect
of drainage condition on the location of NP and development of dragload are conducted in this study.
From this parametric study, it is observed that the depth of NP is different for one-way and two-way
drainage conditions during the consolidation process, but it is same at the end of the consolidation for
both drainage conditions. The surcharge load does not have any influence on depth of NP, but dragload
increases with surcharge load.
Keywords: Negative skin friction, Drainage condition, Neutral plane, Dragload, Numerical modelling
Prince Kumar is a Junior Research Fellow at Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Bombay, India, where he is working in the area of Geotechnical Centrifuge Modelling.
He holds M.Tech degree in Geotechnical Engineering from the IIT Bombay and completed his B.Tech
from Gaini Zail Singh PTU Campus Bathinda, India.
23
SCOUR EFFECTS ON LATERALLY LOADED PILES IN SAND AND POTENTIAL

REMEDIAL MEASUREMENTS
Ammar A. Mohammed, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, 3malsharif@gmail.com
Yahia E-A. Mohamedzein, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, yahiaz@squ.edu.om
Phone 0096824142577
ABSTRACT The effect of scour on laterally loaded piles installed in sand is investigated using
laboratory model tests. The model test was performed in a large tank. The influence of different scour
depths and the use of riprap as a potential remedial measure, were studied. The scour depth was varied
from 1D to 3D (where D is the pile diameter). A substantial reduction in ultimate lateral capacity of the
pile due to scour is observed. The percentage decrease of the lateral load capacity (PDC) reaches almost
20% when the scour depth increases from 0 to 3 D. The countermeasure used in this study (i.e. riprap)
has a significant influence on the lateral load resistance for the scoured piles. The riprap improves the
ultimate lateral resistance of the pile for the 3D scour case from 52 to 116 N.
Keywords: bending moment, deflection, dune sand, laboratory model, laterally loaded piles, scour
Ammar A Mohammed is a Structural Engineer with Marina Engineering Consultants, Muscat, Oman. He
graduated with BSc Honors in Civil Engineering from Al-Zhari University, Sudan in 2009. He obtained his MSc
in Civil Engineering from Sultan Qaboss University in 2016. Since 2016 he joined Marina Engineering consultants
where works as structural engineer specializing in design of multi stories buildings, villas and others.
Mohamedzein is an associate professor, Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos
University, Al-Khod, Oman. He graduated with BSc (Honors) in Civil Engineering, University of Khartoum,
Sudan. He obtained his MSc and PhD from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. He published more
than 65 technical papers. He is an associate member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), member
of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) and a member of the
“Scour Committee”, International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.
24
UNCONVENTIONAL GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF

NEW GENERAL CARGO TERMINAL AT PORT OWENDO, GABON
Aditya S. Khatavkar1 , Prakash S. Bansod2
Design Engineer, Afcons Infrastructure Ltd, Andheri, Mumbai.
Assistant General Manager, Afcons Infrastructure Ltd, Andheri, Mumbai.
ABSTRACT: A 420 m x 40 m Berth and 13hectare (Ha) Container stacking yard is founded on 1400
mm φ bored cast-in-situ reinforced concrete piles. These piles were installed through the overburden
material into the underlying rock in the onshore/offshore areas. As a part of work, two initial Pile Load
tests with working load of 980 MT were carried out and tested to a load of 2450 MT. A total of 675 piles
are in scope of work out of which 292 numbers are constructed as Marine piles using Jack-up Platform
and 383 numbers of Land based piling by filling the backyard area by locally available sand. Out of
two Pile Load Test one was Land based Pile Load Test and other was Marine Simulated Pile Load Test.
There were apprehensions about quality of very weak to weak siltstone rock samples obtained during
the boring of Piles which eventually resulted in increase of pile length for few initial piles. Solution to
this problem by conducting unconventional investigation and optimization of pile length is described
briefly in this paper.
Keywords: siltstone, marine simulated pile load test, core barrel, UCS tests.
25
SECANT PILE WALL FOR CUT OFF AT SUNDILLA BARRAGE

Dr Ir Chandramohan P.V., President (technical), Navayuga Engineering Company Ltd, Hyderabad,
Telengana, India, Phone:91 98490 11789, pvcmohan@gmail.com
Chandrasekhara Reddy M, Manager (designs), Navayuga Engineering Company Ltd, Hyderabad,
Telengana, India, Phone:91 94416 99516, chandu_iitkgp@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Secant pile walls are being widely employed as retaining structures mostly in the
basements. These are generally classified as bulkheads. They are tied back at the top or at a couple of
levels depending on the height of retention. Rock anchors are employed for tie backs at the lower levels.
This wall is a substitute for diaphragm walls, which requires mobilization of heavy equipment. But
secant pile wall was contemplated in a new role at Sundilla. Cut off for the barrage was made in the form
of a secant wall. The paper describes the construction details.
Key words: Secant pile, cut off wall, barrage, hydraulic gradient, plain concrete pile
26
EXTENT OF FAILURE ZONE IN SOIL AT THE CUTTING EDGE OF OPEN CAISSON:

FE EVALUATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Jitesh T. Chavda, Research Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India, Email:
jiteshchavda03@yahoo.in
G. R. Dodagoudar, Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India, Email: goudar@iitm.
ac.in
ABSTRACT Open caissons are deep foundations sunk into the ground by removal of soil within the
caisson shaft. A cutting edge with a tapered inner face is used at the bottom of the caisson to allow
the bearing failure of the soil which is in contact with the cutting edge. The soil is removed within the
shaft of the caisson during sinking which results in bearing failure of the soil due to self-weight of the
caisson. The formation of influence zone in the soil at the cutting edge is termed as failure zone. In this
study, the finite element (FE) analysis is carried out to evaluate the extent of failure zone in the c-φ
soil at the cutting edge of the open caisson. The cutting edge is penetrated the soil and the extent of the
failure zone is evaluated. The effect of variation of tapered angles of the cutting edge, the radii ratio of
the open caisson, unit weight, friction angle and cohesion of the soil, and magnitude of the surcharge on
the extent of the failure zone is investigated. From the FE results, the multivariate linear and nonlinear
regression analyses are performed and easy to use predictive equations are developed to estimate the
extent of failure zone in the soil beneath the cutting edge. These equations help in quick estimation of
the extent of failure zone based on the configuration of the open caisson adopted at the construction site.
Keywords: open caisson, cutting edge, finite element analysis, failure mechanism, c-φ soil, regression
analysis
27
NEED FOR UPGRADATION OF FOUNDATION CODE FOR HIGHWAY

TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE (IRC:78-2014)
Alok Bhowmick, Managing Director, B&S Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Noida, U.P., India, Mb. +91
9811175255, E-mail: bsec.ab@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: In this paper, an attempt is made to highlight the shortcomings of the current provisions
of the code on Foundation and Substructure published by Indian Roads Congress (i,e. IRC:78-2014)
[6]. Possible solution is also suggested. Inconsistencies between this code and other published codes of
IRC brought out. Some of the contentious provisions in the code, which quite often creates confusion
to structural and geotechnical engineers in the design of bridge foundations are also highlighted. Indian
Roads Congress (IRC) is working for more than 15 years now to harmonize the IRC codes pertaining
to highway bridge design to limit state philosophy. Significant progress has already been made in this
regard. Codes on concrete, steel as well as composite structures have been revised with limit state
philosophy. The code on Foundation and Substructure (IRC:78-2014) is however still outdated in many
respects, including the fact that it is maintaining the working stress philosophy of design and yet to fall
in line with the rest of the suite of codes.
Keywords: Foundation, Allowable Settlement, Liquefaction, Geotechnical Investigation
Alok Bhowmick is Managing Director for B&S Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Noida (U.P), where he is
responsible for the overall development and well-being of the organization. He has more than 37 years of rich
and relevant experience in the field of Bridge and Structural Engineering. He holds Bachelor’s degree in Civil
Engineering from Delhi University and M.Tech degree in Structural Engineering from IIT, Delhi. He is an active
member of several code committees of Indian Roads Congress (IRC) and Bureau of Indian standards (BIS). He
is also active in many national / international professional associations. He is Chairman of the Editorial Board
of a well known quarterly journal published by ING-IABSE by the name “The Bridge & Structural Engineer”,
Honorary Secretary of Indian Association of Structural Engineers (IAStructE), Vice Chairmen of Indian National
Group of IABSE and Governing Council member of Consulting Engineers Association of India (CEAI). He is the
author / co-author for more than 60 technical papers. He has received many awards in his career.
28
DESIGN OF COFFER DAM FOR WELL FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION -

A CASE STUDY
Vinoj Kumar M., Asst. Engineering Manager, L&T Construction, Mumbai, mvinoj@lntecc.com
Sandeep S Nikam, Asst. Engineering Manager, L&T Construction, Mumbai, sandeepnikam@lntecc.com
Rajib Mandal, Engineering Manager, L&T Construction, Mumbai, rajibmandal@lntecc.com
Vipul Dobhada, Chief Engineering Manager, L&T Construction, Mumbai, vipuldobhada@lntecc.com
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the special technique adopted for well foundation construction in
maritime environment by creating an island using steel liner and sheet pile cofferdam. By adopting this
technique, conventional method of constructing well foundation using steel caissons was eliminated.
This technique of well foundation construction provided quantum reduction in steel quantities as well
as construction time. This paper gives an insight to design and construction technique adopted for well
foundation construction of long span steel bridge Package CTP 15B across river Narmada, Gujarat using
sheet pile and steel liner cofferdam.
Key words: Sheet pile cofferdam, Steel liner cofferdam, Well foundation, Numerical modelling.
29
ADVANCED NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DEEP EXCAVATION SUPPORTING SYSTEM

USING CONTIGUOUS PILE WALL
George Tharakan Idiculla1 and Satyanarayana Murty Dasaka 2
1 Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai; e-mail:
25.george@gmail.com
2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai;
e-mail: dasaka@civil.iitb.ac.in
ABSTRACT The use of contiguous pile walls for deep excavation supporting system has become
common in geotechnical engineering practice around the world. The implementation of contiguous piles
(piles with a gap between them) for deep excavation support is most suitable for cohesive soil, where
ground water table is located below the base of excavation. The Soil Arching plays an important role
in stabilizing the soil in between the adjacent piles. The Mohr-Coulomb model is routinely used in the
numerical analysis of deep excavations, due to its simplicity. Use of an advanced soil model may be
prudent to capture realistic soil response during the excavation process. The Hardening Soil model is an
effective and better model to simulate the real soil behavior in terms of stress dependency, non-linearity
and inelasticity. The present study highlights salient advantages of Hardening Soil model over Mohr-
Coulomb model in the numerical modelling of deep excavation supporting system using discrete piles
with a gap between them.
George Tharakan Idiculla: Research Scholar at IIT Bombay since January 2016. Masters in Geotechnical
Engineering from IIT Roorkee (2011 to 2013) with three years of experience in Civil Engineering firms, handling
site supervisions, designs, project management etc. and one year of teaching experience
Prof. Dasaka Satyanarayana Moorthy: Masters in Geotechnical Engineering from IIT Madras. PhD from
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore. Post-Doctoral Research from The Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology, Hong Kong.
30
HYDRAULIC LATERALLY EXTRUDED PILE: A METHOD TO ENHANCE

THE BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE
1 Dinesh Bishnoi, 2 Venkateswarlu.P, 3 Swapnali S. Pawar, 4 Upendra M, 5 Jignesh B. Patel
1,2,3,4 Post Graduate student, 5 Assistant Professor, Applied mechanics department, SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat,
India, Phone Number: 1 +91 8780093039, 2 +91 9904849487, 3 +91 7666469660, 4 +91 8178518767, 5 +91
9725757937.
E-mail: dineshbishnoi664@gmail.com, pvenkateswarlu95@gmail.com, swapnali9660@rediffmail.com,
upendarjntuk@gmail.com, jig8107@gmail.com
ABSTRACT Constructions of foundation for heavy structure within confined spaces or on the areas
which consist of problematic soil is a challenge. Pile foundation is one of the solutions for the mentioned
problem but for heavy structures plain pile may be uneconomical. In the present study a new pile
(Hydraulically Extrude Pile (HEP)) is proposed, which acts as a plain pile while driving operation and
after reaching the desired depth, extrusions along its shaft are embedded in to the soil. These extrusions
provide additional bearing resistance to the pile. Plain pile and HEP were tested at three different
relative densities (30%, 45% and 60%). The ultimate loads corresponding to 6mm (5 % failure criterion)
settlement were determined for both the piles at the above relative densities. The test results show that
the HEP provided an increase in capacity of about 37% when compared with plain pile. As the relative
density increases, the bearing capacity ratio of HEP and plain pile also increases.
Keywords: Hydraulically Extruded Pile, Bearing capacity, Extrusions
Dinesh is a post graduate student of Geotechnical Engineering in NIT Surat. He completed his Bachelor of
Technology from NIT Surat. He worked as a Quality Assurance engineer in Gammon India Limited. Dinesh is
a member of Student Chapter Surat of Indian Geotechnical Society. His area of interests is deep foundation and
liquefaction mitigation techniques.
Swapnali is a post graduate student in Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology. She completed her
Bachelor of Engineering from Rizvi College of engineering under Mumbai University. Swapnali is a member
of Student Chapter of Indian Geotechnical Society. Her academic interest is to study environment friendly,
construction efficient and economic foundation options.
31
A MODEL STUDY OF MICROPILE GROUPS SUBJECTED TO LATERAL LOADING

UNDER DIFFERENT RELATIVE DENSITY
Zakir Hussain, Research scholar, Civil Engg. Deptt, Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, Assam, India,
Ph.: +919864018992, email: zakirhussain.ray@gmail.com
Binu Sharma, Professor, Civil Engg. Deptt, Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, Assam, India, Ph.:
+919864155359, email: binusharma78@gmail.com
Takiur Rahman, M.E. Student, Civil Engg. Deptt, Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, Assam, India, Ph.:
+917002329793, email: takiur777@gmail.com
ABSTRACT Many old structures like high rise buildings and bridges are unsafe and need to be
strengthened in highly seismic prone zones. Strengthening of existing foundations of structures is
difficult as it involves excavation, temporary support system below the foundation level, limited head
room, risk of collapse of the structure during excavation. In such cases micropiles are the best solution
for strengthening of vulnerable structures. Different investigations report different and contradictory
group effects on micropiles subjected to vertical and lateral loading. This work is a model study to
investigate the behaviour of micropile groups subjected to lateral load installed in loose sand (relative
density 30%) and in dense sand (relative density 80%). The group behaviour is found to be a function
of relative density of sand, length to diameter (L/D) ratio and spacing of the micropile groups. In loose
sand ultimate lateral load carrying capacity of micropile groups as well as efficiency is highest in 2D
spacing followed by 4D and 6D spacing. Positive group effect is seen at 2D spacing for 30% relative
density and at 6D spacing for 80% relative density and by a few piles of higher L/D ratio at 4D spacing
at 80% relative density. Rest of the piles show a negative group effect.
Keywords: Micropiles, length to diameter ratio, spacing of piles, relative density of sand.
Zakir Hussain is research scholar from Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, India. He holds B.E. and M.E.
degrees in civil engineering from Gauhati University at Guwahati, India. Hussain is a registered professional
engineer in Guwahati and has more than 17 years of experience in geotechnical engineering. He is the author of
three technical papers.
Takiur Rahman is post graduate student in civil engineering from Assam Engineering College, Guwahati,
India. He holds B.Tech in civil engineering from NERIST, Arunachal Pradesh and pursuing M.E. degree in civil
engineering from Assam Engineering College under Gauhati University, India.
32
PERFORMANCE OF CONTIGUOUS BORED PILE WALL RETENTION SYSTEM:

A CASE STUDY
Vimala Chinnasamy, Sr. Geotechnical Engineer, Keller India, vimala@kellerindia.com
Madan Kumar Annam, Head of Engineering, Keller India, madankumar@kellerindia.com
ABSTRACT Design of retention system for construction of basements needs technical expertise and well-
planned monitoring system to check probable deflections of the retaining structure including subsidence
around the excavation pit. The construction of basements with proximity to adjacent structures and
busy roads is the most challenging aspect for the practicing engineer. This demand understanding of
the complexity of the problem, risk involved and assumptions on soil structure interaction. A simple
2-dimensional analysis using numerical modelling can normally be chosen to assess the exact behavior
of the retention structure. Performance of a retention system for deep excavation of 11.5m for three
basements having a perimeter of about 215m long, surrounded by high raised buildings is selected for
study in this paper. Contiguous bored pile wall with single level inclined ground anchors was adopted as
an optimistic temporary retention system in this project after allowing removal of 3.0m of surface soil.
A well-planned monitoring program was carried out during excavation stages to study the performance
of retention system. This paper covers discussions on analysis of retention system using WALLAP and
PLAXIS 2D and comparing measured deflections of the wall.
Keywords: Retention system, CBP wall, anchors, WALLAP, PLAXIS 2D, Deflection Monitoring
Vimala is Senior Geotechnical Engineer in Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt Ltd. She completed M Tech
Geotechnical Engineering from Government College of Technology, Tamilnadu. She has one-year teaching
experience and four plus years of industrial experience in geotechnical engineering (Keller). She handles the
design of foundation systems such as ground improvement, heavy foundations (BCIS piles), ground anchors and
different types of retention systems. She involved in both design and execution of one of the retention system
projects in Chennai where the excavation depth is 10.5m.
Madan Kumar Annam is responsible for engineering for Keller Group in India. Madan Kumar has 23 years of
professional experience in geotechnical engineering in Indian & multinational consultancy organizations at various
levels (e.g. L&T, L&T-RAMBOLL, DAR Group in Dubai and COWI Consultants in India & Denmark). Madan
Kumar handled complex geotechnical engineering projects during his career. His area of interest includes heavy
foundations especially bored cast in-situ piles, deep excavations and retention systems. Successfully fulfilled his
role of ‘Design Team Leader’ for the prestigious ‘Underground LPG Storage Cavern Project at Vizag’. This project
was a ground engineering marvel and most challenging in terms of analysis, design and execution of 300,000
m3 of rock cave at 200m below seabed level. Madan Kumar published several technical papers in National and
International Conferences and Journals. He is a motivational and theme speaker in various conferences and
delivered several industrial lectures in educational institutes.
33
SINGLE BORE MULTIPLE ANCHOR SYSTEMS (SBMAs) IN CHALLENGING AND

VARIABLE GROUND CONDITIONS
Antonio Marinucci, PhD MBA PE M.ASCE, V2C Strategists LLC and SBMA Ltd., Brooklyn, NY USA, Tel:
+1 (401) 261-9102, E: antmarinucci@gmail.com
Devon Mothersille, BEng (Hons) PhD CEng FICE LETAPAEWE, Single Bore Multiple Anchor Ltd and
Geoserve Global Ltd., London, UK, Tel: +44 (0) 7961 134943, E: devon.mothersille@sbmasystems.com
ABSTRACT Single bore multiple anchors (SMBAs) are ground anchors that incorporate multiple
individual unit tendons of varying lengths, which are installed within a single borehole. Decades
of research and practical applications have demonstrated that this configuration facilitates greater
efficiency of load transfer to the surrounding ground. Unlike conventional ground anchors, especially in
heterogeneous and variable ground conditions, the design of SBMAs can be optimized because the bond
length of an individual unit anchor can be designed individually, thereby utilizing and maximizing the
inherent strength of the ground. Historically, SBMAs have been used for both permanent and temporary
earth support systems, and, where project circumstances dictated, SBMAs have been installed with
removable tendons, which permitted the complete removal of the prestressing steel strand (at the end of
the anchor’s design service life). The installation of SBMAs is congruent with that of traditional ground
anchors, and the testing protocol is similar regardless of anchor type. However, unlike conventional
ground anchors, the stressing of SBMAs can require a different set up, whereby separate hydraulic
jacks are hydraulically synchronized to stress each individual tendon simultaneously so that each unit
anchor receives the same load. This paper will provide a general overview of the design, installation, and
testing of permanent, temporary, and removable SBMAs along with the applicability for their use and
the benefits afforded from using this type of anchoring system. The paper will also present and discuss
applications in different ground conditions and test results via mini case histories where SBMAs have
been implemented worldwide. The use of specially developed tablet-based software that allows real-
time analysis and data management of the anchor testing process will also be presented with reference to
SBMAs. Finally, it will be shown that, depending on the ground conditions and project requirements, it
is possible that SBMAs can double the capacity of conventional anchors, thereby generating substantial
savings in program time and cost.
Keywords: anchors, single bore, multiple anchor, theory, design, case history
Dr Marinucci is a principal at V2C Strategists LLC in Brooklyn, New York, the executive editor of DFI’s Deep
Foundations magazine, and a researcher/lecturer at the Tandon School of Engineering at NYU. He received a
Ph.D. degree in civil engineering (geotechnical concentration) from the Univ. of Texas at Austin, an MBA degree
from the Univ. of Rhode Island, and a MSCE degree from North-eastern Univ. Dr Marinucci has more than
20 years of progressive experience in the geo-construction industry. He is a registered professional engineer in
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, a certified NHI instructor, and an active member of numerous professional
organizations and technical committees. Dr Marinucci has authored or co-authored more than 35 peer reviewed
technical publications on design and construction applications, practical research, and legal issues relating to
geotechnical engineering and the geo-construction industry.
34
ALTERNATIVE PILING METHODS - CHANCES FOR TECHNICAL AND

ECONOMICAL SOLUTIONS
Franz-Werner Gerressen, BAUER Maschinen GmbH, Schrobenhausen, Germany, FranzWerner.Gerressen@
bauer.de
Manfred Schoepf, BAUER Maschinen GmbH, Schrobenhausen, Germany manfred.schoepf@bauer.de
ABSTRACT Everybody knows about piling using hydraulic drill rigs and using the so-called Kelly drill
mode. Kelly drilling has a lot of advantages as it can work with a wide range of tools facing almost all
types of soil and rock. It can also deal with diameters up to 3.000 mm and bigger or depth of +100 m.
But there is a big concern about Kelly drilling as the installation process is relatively slow. Therefore,
alternative Piling Methods like Continuous Flight Auger Piles (CFA), Cased Continuous Flight Auger
Piles (CCFA) and Full Displacement Piles (FDP) provide a lot of chances in terms of installation
performance and therefore cost, and even more important, time saving potentials. The paper will show
where these systems may be an interesting alternative to the traditional Kelly Drilling. Of course, there
are as well limitations in using these methods which should be known and considered. The paper will
describe these methodologies, reference projects will allow showing the results in time and cost saving
in using these methods, but it will also show the limitations for these methods.
Keywords: Bored Pile, Kelly Drilling, CFA, FDP, CCFA, Single Pass Drilling
35
BASE GROUTING OF BORED CAST-IN-SITU PILES AT THE RAILWAY BRIDGE

OVER THE RIVER RUPSHA, BANGLADESH: A CASE STUDY
Vignesh R, Engineering Manager, L&T Construction, Chennai, rvignesh@lntecc.com
Rahul S, Asst. Engineering Manager, L&T Construction, Chennai, RAHUL-S@lntecc.com
Visakan R, Engineering Manager, L&T Construction, Chennai, VISAKAN@lntecc.com
ABSTRACT The alignment of the new rail line, which connects Khulna port and Mongla city, passes
across the river Rupsha, which necessitates for a railway bridge near the existing road bridge. Pile
foundation is designed as bored cast in-situ pile of diameter 1.5 m at the approach bridge and 2.5
m diameter at the main bridge portion. The prevailing geotechnical condition at the bridge location
consists of strata of soft to medium silt/clay, poses great challenges in designing and execution of pile
foundations. Pile load test, which was conducted on 1.5 m diameter pile of 40 m long pile, proved the
inadequacy of the pile to achieve the required design capacity of 570 tons and it experienced huge
settlement. Hence to meet the required capacity without increasing the length of pile substantially, base-
grouting technique was implemented based on subsequent load tests on piles of various lengths with and
without base-grout have been conducted. The test results on the base-grouted pile were satisfactory over
non-grouted piles. This paper describes the experience gained in pile foundation with base grouting and
the comparative study between base-grouted and non-grouted piles.
Keywords: Pile foundation, base grouting
36
SECANT PILING SHORING SYSTEM-WITH CIRCULAR CONFIGURATION –

A CASE STUDY
Rajan Babu C, Va Tech Wabag, Chennai, India, Email: c_rajanbabu@wabag.in
Jibi C Yohannan, Va Tech Wabag, Chennai, India, Email: c_jibiyohannan@wabag.in
Viswanathan N, Va Tech Wabag, Chennai, India, Email: n_viswanathan@wabag.in
ABSTRACT This paper presents a case study of a Concrete Secant Piling shoring system carried
out for a Terminal Lift Pumping Station (TLPS), part of critical works at Al Madina Al Shamaliya
Sewage Treatment Plant Bahrain. TLPS rectangular in footprint with diagonal measuring 33m required
excavations to depths of (-) 20m. Concrete Secant Piling shoring system with circular configuration
of 34.5m diameter was chosen as a suitable method of earth retaining. Concrete hard and soft piles
of 900mm diameter spaced at 675mm centres were designed and installed to depths of 3m below the
excavation levels of (-)20m. Advantages of the behaviour of a circular shape of the shoring system were
used, where the main load paths are hoop compression. This eliminated the requirement of cross bracing
and the tie-backs for load transfer.
Performance of the shoring system was continuously monitored during execution for the following
1. Integrity of concrete for full depth
2. Verticality of pile
3. Position of pile
4. Overlapping of pile between hard and soft pile
5. Cube strength of in-situ concrete
Keywords: Shoring System, Secant piling, Hard and Soft Pile.
Jibi C Yohannan is Structural Design Engineer for VATech Wabag Ltd, Chennai, where he covers the projects
across the Globe. He holds B. Tech Degree in Civil Engineering and M.E. degree in Structural Engineering from
Anna University. He is a registered Chartered Engineer with Institution of Engineers (India Chapter). His 15
years of professional expertise include design, detailing and execution of various structures associated to water
treatment, sewage treatment, effluent treatment, desalination, pre-treatment etc.
N Viswanathan is General Manager-Civil Engg in VATech Wabag Ltd, Chennai. He is the Lead In charge of
all Civil & Structural engineering. He is a B.Tech Civil Engineering from REC Warangal and an M.Tech in
Structural Engineering from IIT Delhi. He has an overall experience of 35 years in the design and construction and
Multidisciplinary Projects related to- Power-Generation, Power Transmission and Distribution; Environmental-
Waste, Effluent and Water treatment; Oil and gas-Onshore, Multi-storey residential and commercial buildings,
Industrial projects.
37
BEHAVIOR OF SINGLE PILE AND PILE GROUPS SUBJECTED TO

ABRUPT COLLAPSE OF A RETAINING WALL
Kranthikumar A., Research Scholar, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, +91-9440664767,
kranthikumar0143@gmail.com
Ravi S. Jakka, Associate Professor, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, +91-9458947076, rsjakka@
gmail.com
Rajesh P. Shukla, Research Scholar, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, +91-9410987732,
rpshukla.2013@iitkalumi.org
ABSTRACT Retaining walls are often used to support the unstable backfill soil. In certain circumstances,
structures like high rise buildings, bridge and bridge abutments, transmission towers and offshore
platforms are constructed adjacent to retaining walls. Pile foundations are generally used to support
these types of structures. Retaining walls near these foundations may suddenly fails sometimes, and
they can affect the stability and safety of nearby structures and foundations. In this study, experiments
are done on small scale model piles to determine the settlement of pile foundations exposed to the
movement of soil induced from the abrupt collapse of a retaining wall. Various factors affecting the
behavior of single piles and pile groups are considered. Embedment ratio and critical height of collapsed
retaining structure are the two most important factors affecting the settlement of piles. The settlement
of piles increases with the increase in height of retaining wall collapsed. In piles of embedment ratio
10, the settlement increases with increase in the spacing, and increase in number of piles, while piles of
embedment ratio 20 show behavior opposite to the piles of embedment ratio 10. In general, settlement
of piles decreases about 20 to 50 % with the increase in embedment ratio of piles group. Piles group
with small embedment ratio affected more severely due to abrupt collapse of retaining wall than the piles
of large embedment ratio. The increase in the settlement with the increase in the height of collapsed
retaining wall is relatively more noticeable as compared to increase in lateral displacement.
Keywords: Retaining Wall, Soil Displacement, Pile Groups, Experimental Testing
Kranthikumar is Research Scholar in the Dept. of Earthquake Engg., IIT Roorkee. He is currently working on
“Behavior of piles on sloping ground under dynamic loading conditions”. He holds M.Tech. degree in Geotechnical
engineering from the IIT Roorkee and B.tech degree in Civil Engineering from Jawharlal Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad.
38
USE OF SOCKETED MICRO PILES FOR EXCAVATION SUPPORT IN

HETEROGENEOUS FILL MATERIAL
Shuvranshu K. Rout, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Phone -
8092472920, Email - skrout@tce.co.in
Manos De, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Phone - (0657)6696303, Email -
mde@tce.co.in
Anup K. Mandal, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Phone - 9874069837,
Email - akmandal@tce.co.in
Biswajit Das, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Phone - 9874069837, Email -
biswajitd@tce.co.in
ABSTRACT Micro piles are extensively used in various forms with different applications starting from
foundation support to landslide mitigation. The present case study highlights a unique experience of
socketed micro piles which are subjected to high traffic load and at the same time providing support to
shallow excavations. The shallow excavations were required to construct structures like pipe and duct
supports / trestles for new power plant inside steel plant premises. Most of the structures were coming
in between vicinity of existing building foundation and adjacent plant main road. Open excavation with
slope or elaborate excavation support system were not feasible due to space, time and cost constraints.
Also, the depth of new foundations could not be reduced in the varying depth of heterogeneous fill
material. The heterogeneous fill material comprised of mostly slag, fly ash, concrete debris, broken
bricks, loose soils and boulders. The underlying highly weathered mica schist layer or virgin soil layer
was most suited for placing the new foundation. Therefore, micro pile option was explored considering
availability of small drilling equipment, readily available materials and resources. Steel pipe along with
reinforcement rods with cement-sand grout were used for making the micro piles. Wagon driller was
used to drill holes for 150mm diameter micro pile. These micro piles were socketed inside the weathered
rock layer or grouted slag filled zones. Given the highly variable thickness of heterogeneous fill material
above weathered mica schist rock, the lengths of the micro piles above the bond zone were varying
significantly. Often these lengths also varied with the depth of highly weathered mica schist rock layer.
The field experiences in these conditions are demonstrated with supported reverse design analysis to
ascertain the desired safety against uncertainties.
Key Words: Soil Grouting, Open Excavation, Micro Piles
39
BI-DIRECTIONAL STATIC LOAD PILE TEST – CASE STUDIES

Justin St George, Strainstall Singapore Pte Ltd., 1 Bukit Batok Crescent, 04-33 WCEGA Plaza, 658064,
Singapore, +65-6561-4628, justin@strainstall.com.sg
Ravi Sundaram, Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd., A-100 Sector 63, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 9810538095
ravi@cengrs.com
Sorabh Gupta, Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd., A-100 Sector 63, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 9910861118
sorabh@cengrs.com
ABSTRACT Bi-Directional Static Load Pile Tests (BDSLT) was performed on a barrette pile of
dimensions 1.2 m x 2.8 m extending to 21.278 m below the cut-off level. The test load applied was
10,800 tonnes which can usually not be applied by a traditional static load test. The test results indicated
that the pile mobilized an ultimate unit skin friction value of 188.4 T/m2 and an end bearing result of
734.5 T/m2. Equivalent load settlement curve indicates settlement of 4.6 mm at 100% the proposed
working load, and 7.8 mm for 150% of the working load.
Keywords: Ultimate Load Test, Working Load Test, Bi-Directional Static Load Test, Skin Friction, End
Bearing, Kentledge Test
Justin St George is Technical Manager for Strainstall, Singapore, where he covers projects within Europe and
South East Asia, managing the technical aspects of projects within the foundation testing and structural health
monitoring fields. He holds a B.Eng degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Plymouth, United
Kingdom. St George has gained over 5 years of experience in foundation testing techniques, involved directly with
the design and project delivery of bespoke testing activities.
40
KINEMATIC AND INERTIAL FORCES OF SINGLE PILE UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING

USING NUMERICAL APPROACH
Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi, Iran university of science and technology, Tehran, Iran, asaeedia@iust.ac.ir
Sara Hashemi, Iran university of science and technology, Tehran, Iran, sara_hashemi@civileng.iust.ac.ir
Ali Abolhasnpoor, Iran university of science and technology, Tehran, Iran, a.abolhasanpoor@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT The importance of the structural piles has been determined on the seismic response of
the site based on the analytical, numerical and laboratory studies. Due to the lack of laboratory or the
numerical studies with the support of laboratory studies, the results are limited to the specific conditions,
and problems with the simple geometry and elastic behaviors of the materials against the shear waves in
frequency domain. Many studies have been done on the effect of kinematic and inertial interactions on
the seismic responses of the soil-pile system by numerical methods. However, most numerical studies
based on the results of the analytical methods, and the numerical studies have had less laboratory
support. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the kinematic and inertial interaction of the pile-
soil on the dynamic response of a single pile, using physical modeling of a pile in the dry sandy soil with
shaking table along with the numerical modeling verified by the laboratory results in ABAQUS FEM
software simulation. Moreover, using the numerical models the effect of soil characteristics such as: the
modulus of elasticity, how it is distributed in soil, pile capping etc. has been studied. It can be deduced
that fix pile head with cap and soil specification, such as the modulus of elasticity, have a great impact
on the distribution and the maximum amount of bending moment along the pile.
Keywords: single pile, kinematic and inertial forces, numerical modeling, bending moment
Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi is assistant professor of Civil Engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology.
He received his PhD degree in Geotechnical Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology in 2013.
His research interests include a broad area of topics in geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering for example
dynamic analysis of piled foundation, liquefaction.
41
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL-PILE-STRUCTURE INTERACTION

ON STRUCTURE’S BASE SHEAR
Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi, Iran university of science and technology, Tehran, Iran, asaeedia@iust.ac.ir
Esmaeel Hamrang Taqidizaj,Iran university of science and technology,Tehran, Iran, hamrang_esmaeel@
civileng.iust.ac.ir
Pedram Ghaderi, Iran university of science and technology, Tehran, Iran, p_ghaderi@iust.ac.ir
ABSTRACT For the calculation of the structure’s base shear value V= (A.B.I)/R×W, A indicates the
design reference acceleration, showing (PGA) in each area, B is the soil reflection coefficient. The
product of these two parameters is spectral acceleration (Sα = A.B) which in fact shows the effect of the
soil type on the design reference acceleration magnitude. As it can be observed, there is no coefficient
which can indicate the effects of the foundation and existence of piles as increasing or diminishing factor
in the design reference acceleration magnitude. Therefore, we studied this subject by using numerical
modeling in ABAQUS and seismic test validations. The results show that the existence of piles have
a significant effect on the design reference acceleration magnitude. Hence, the effect of the number of
piles and the input frequency on acceleration magnification was investigated in this paper.
Keyword: soil-pile-structure, interaction, base shear, magnitude, PGA
Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi is assistant professor of Civil Engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology.
He received his PhD degree in Geotechnical Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology in 2013.
His research interests include a broad area of topics in geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering for example
dynamic analysis of piled foundation, liquefaction.
42
SLOPE PROTECTION AND SEEPAGE CONTROL FOR DEEP EXCAVATION

ADJACENT TO LAKE – CASE STUDY
Raja Rajan. K, Asst. Engg. Manager, CMPC division, EDRC, L&T Chennai. k-raja@lntecc.com
Nagarajan. D, Sr. Engineer, CMPC division, EDRC, L&T Chennai. nagarajan-d@lntecc.com
Vijayakumar. T, Head of Division, CMPC division, EDRC, L&T Chennai. tvk@lntecc.com
ABSTRACT Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation proposed to build Extra dozed bridge across
Dhurgam Cheruvu Lake at Madhapur, Hyderabad. The main pylon foundation is at merge point of the
downhill and lake. Temporary shore protection bund of 4m height proposed to retain the lake water
for constructing the open foundation. HDPE sheet and sand bags were provided on bund to control
the seepage. Submersible pumps used to dewater the excavated area. Base of foundation rests on hard
rock which is 7m below existing ground level and 11m from top of temporary bund. Deep excavation
designed by PLAXIS software with safe slope of 1H: 1V for top 6m soil along with bund and 1H: 3V for
weathered rock of 5m depth till excavation level. But during excavation weathered rock encountered at
greater depth, because of which slope angle of excavation increased and fouling with foundation. Bund
was re-aligned during the process of excavation with many challenges. Steeper slope angles adopted with
toe protection. Continuous seepage found along the slope during bund rectification. Paper highlights the
difficulties faced during excavation due to change in soil strata and describes the challenges faced in
slope protection using conventional methods for safe construction of foundation. Approximately 1070
cum of concrete had been laid successfully for foundation construction by overcoming many challenges.
Keywords: Deep excavation, Dewatering, Foundation construction, PLAXIS, Seepage control, Slope
protection.
Raja Rajan K is working as an Assistant Engineering Manager for L&T construction, Chennai, India, where he
covers the scope of Geotechnical in Construction Methods & Planning for infrastructure projects in Metros and
Special bridges. He holds M.E. degree in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering from College of Engineering
Guindy, Anna University at Chennai. Raja Rajan has a Life time membership in Indian Geotechnical Society and
has more than 7 years of professional experience in geotechnical engineering on Infrastructure projects. His areas
of working include ground improvement for site establishment, marine foundation, Slope stability, Dewatering for
underground excavation, temporary earth retaining structures and foundation for waterfront structures.
43
BIDIRECTIONAL STATIC AXIAL PILE LOAD TEST: GARCA RIVER BRIDGE – BRAZIL
Paul George Alexander C., GEO - Ground Engineering Operations India Pvt Limited, paul.alexander@
geosoil.com
ABSTRACT: The Bi- Directional Load Test provides us with the Unique ability to determine both the
skin friction and the end bearing capacity of a bored pile at a single test simultaneously. To understand
this methodology and the advantages of this pile load test a case study was conducted on an of shore pile
across the River Garcia in Brazil. Where the pile was 1.4 m in Día, 20m in depth and had a working load
of 8000kN. The methodology included the installation of load cells in the reinforcement at the fabrication
stage which was completed in one single day and the test which was conducted at the end of 28 days.
The testing was done to the twice of the piles working loaded which was exactly 16632kN. The results
gathered at both the skin friction and end bearing was recorded and found satisfactory. The installation
of the load cells and the entire testing process was conducted in less than 48 hrs. This test’s methodology
is different to the conventional load test as there is no limit to the load that can be applied to the pile.
This paper submitted with the intention that the paper will help us develop a better understanding of the
methodology of the Bi- Directional load test, advantages and limitations, feasibility, interpretation of the
results in hope that this will be a valuable addition to our esteemed field of deep foundations.
Keywords: Bi-direction. Load test, load cells, bored pile
Paul George Alexander is a Under Graduate in Civil Engineering from Annamalai University and has been
practicing Civil foundation works for the past 7 years. He has been involved predominantly in executing deep
piling and D- wall in many Metros, Ports, and Rivers all over India and Abroad.
44
JET GROUTED COLUMNS-GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR

LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE – A CASE STUDY
Jibi C Yohannan, Va Tech Wabag, India, Email: c_jibiyohannan@wabag.in
Viswanathan N, Va Tech Wabag, India, Email: n_viswanathan@wabag.in
Miguel Dimadura, SEGCON, Philippines, Email: dimaduramiguel@gmail.com
ABSTRACT This paper presents a case study of soil treatment carried out to mitigate liquefaction
potential of the site for a Sewage Treatment Plant at Tunasan, Muntinlupa City, Philippines. The
assessment was carried out using LiquefyPro software to determine the liquefaction potential and
estimated settlement of soil deposit due to seismic loads of PGA 0.71g. Design approach using Baez
(Advances in the Design of Vibro Systems for the Improvement of Liquefaction Resistance) was
followed using the stress concentration criteria to eventually co-relate to a new factor of safety for the
improved site with jet grouted columns. After installation, using high pressure jet injection system, cores
were taken to evaluate the diameter formed and the compressive strength of the soil cement columns to
validate the design.
Keywords: Liquefaction, Ground improvement, Jet Grout columns,
Jibi C Yohannan is Structural Design Engineer for VATech Wabag Ltd, Chennai, where he covers the projects
across the Globe. He holds B. Tech Degree in Civil Engineering and M.E. degree in Structural Engineering from
Anna University. He is a registered Chartered Engineer with Institution of Engineers (India Chapter). His 15
years of professional expertise include design, detailing and execution of various structures associated to water
treatment, sewage treatment, effluent treatment, desalination, pre-treatment etc.
N Viswanathan is General Manager-Civil Engg in VATech Wabag Ltd, Chennai. He is the Lead In charge of
all Civil & Structural engineering. He is a B.Tech Civil Engineering from REC Warangal and an M.Tech in
Structural Engineering from IIT Delhi. He has an overall experience of 35 years in the design and construction and
Multidisciplinary Projects related to- Power-Generation, Power Transmission and Distribution; Environmental-
Waste, Effluent and Water treatment; Oil and gas-Onshore, Multi-storey residential and commercial buildings,
Industrial projects.
45
EVALUATION OF SLOPE STABILITY FAILURE ON RECLAMATION BUND -

A CASE STUDY
Vinay Kumar M, Geotechnical Engineer, E-mail: mvk08486@gmail.com
Jeevan Reddy, Senior Engineer-Geotechnical, AECOM India Pvt Limited, E-mail: M.Reddy@aecom.com
Aminul Islam, Assistant General Manager, ITD Cementation India Limited, Mumbai, E-mail: aminul.islam@
itdcem.co.in
ABSTRACT A large container terminal is constructed at the port terminal in western coast of India by
reclaiming the sea. The slope stability analyses have been performed for perimeter bund which is having
a length of about 11km. The terminal is developed over marine clay and the maximum thickness of
very soft to soft clay is around 24 m. The soft marine clay is susceptible to large settlements and slope
failure during temporary & permanent condition. The ground improvement by prefabricated vertical
drains (PVD) and preload is adopted to mitigate the aforesaid issues. In addition to the above, high
tensile woven geotextile is also used at the perimeter bund to ensure adequate factor of safety against
slip failure. This paper examines two failures of embankment slopes. The geotechnical investigation has
been carried out at the collapsed region and itis observed that soil strength is inadequate to support the
self-weight of the embankment along with preloaded surcharge.
Keywords: Ground improvement, Shear strength, Slope stability, Reclamation, Slope failure
46
FOUNDATION ANCHORING FOR STABILITY IN BROWNFIELD SITE

Manos De, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Phone - (0657)6696303, email -
mde@tce.co.in
Soumik Chakraborty, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Phone -
(0657)6696632, email - soumikc@tce.co.in
Anup Kumar Mandal, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Phone –
(0657)6696648, email – akmandal@tce.co.in
Shuvranshu Rout, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Phone -
(0657)6696673, email - skrout@tce.co.in
Pradip Kumar Nandi, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India, Phone –
9204394152, 7481826505, email – pknandi@tce.co.in
ABSTRACT Executing projects in brown field site conditions throws up many challenges requiring
innovative approach for feasible solutions. In the present case foundation for a heavily loaded storage
silo support structure was required to be designed at a site with numerous closely located existing
services. The required foundation plan area was under adjacent existing road which was planned to be
temporarily diverted. However, at time of execution temporary shutdown of part of the road was not
allowed by plant operation. Also, during excavation presence of an underground water pipe was revealed
and this pipe could not be diverted or temporarily rerouted since it was vital for operation of existing
plant. The foundation layout had to be modified to avoid disruption to these facilities but because of
the critical loading conditions from superstructure, reduction in foundation area was resulting in loss of
required stability of the foundation. Since the governing condition for inadequate stability was found
to be overturning effect from moment under seismic conditions, alternative design for the foundation
within available footprint space was carried out by providing rock anchors. The anchors were provided
along the periphery of the foundation to maximize the stabilizing effect. This paper presents the case
study on the evaluation of the layout and construction restrictions on the designed foundation, planning
and design of the alternative solution to suit site conditions and provide the required factor of safety
for stability of the foundation, design of the anchors and installation procedure, load testing of anchors
and finally constructing the foundation within the limitations. The implemented solution achieved the
desired safety of the foundation while maintaining all facilities in the operating plant unhindered.
Keywords: coke dry quenching, dust storage silo, rock anchor, anchor pull out test
47
OPTIMIZATION OF PILE FOUNDATION

A. K. Singh, Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur,
Jharkhand (India), Mob. No.: 9430746532, Email: aksingh.civil@nitjsr.ac.in
A. Kumawat, M. Tech. Student, Geotechnical Engg., Deptt. of Civil Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand (India).
Kesharwani, M. Tech. Student, Geotechnical Engg., Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand (India), Mob. No.: 7007156080, E-mail: akanksha102@gmail.com
ABSTRACT Pile is expensive but often necessary for building of large structures, bridges and high
rise buildings, etc. therefore it becomes necessary to find the best pile foundation design in terms of
performance and economy. In the field, during construction of pile foundation, at some particular
location, length of pile is limited to certain depth then by varying parameters like increasing shaft
diameter, two piles of smaller diameter, increasing bulb diameter, increasing number of bulbs will give
an economical solution for same load. The optimized pile-group design corresponds to the most cost-
efficient foundation solution attempting a compromise between the number of piles, their diameter and
length as well as the distance between them. That’s helps in achieving the most economical design of the
pile. Over the past decades, many optimization algorithms have been developed for various engineering
problems, but very few attempts, however, have been made in developing an effective optimization
methodology for foundation design. In this study, two different design code procedures have been
considered in order to assess the performance of the designs obtained during the optimization process,
namely IS: 2911 (Part I) and IS: 2911 (Part III). In this work, length of pile is reduced keeping constant
load on pile coming from super structure by varying the parameters of pile, volume of earthwork and
concrete has been calculated. It has been observed that even after reducing the length of pile (12 m to 9
m), for slightly higher shaft diameter (400 mm to 426 mm), pile foundation is economical.
Keywords: Computer programming; Concrete pile; Under-reamed pile; Pile group; Optimization
48
PRE-STRESSED GROUND ANCHORS FOR UNDERGROUND STATIONS AND

EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES
Nagaraj Kumar BV, Design & Technical Coordinator Pavai Infra Geotech - TeampT JV Coimbatore, Tamil
Nadu, India Contact No.: +91-8135855815 E-mail: nagaraj.k@pavaigeotech.com
Abstract – Towards the end of 2017, Pavai - TeampT JV began working on Mumbai Metro Line - 03.
This phase of the metro project involves the construction of 27 under-ground stations at a depth of 20
to 28 m from ground level, to a cumulative length of 33,500 m. Pavai Infra Geotech, a specialist ground
anchor installation agency in association with TeampT, a specialist design consulting firm, acquired
earth-retaining structural works in 6 underground stations, namely: BKC, Vidyanagari, SEEPZ Ramp,
SEEPZ station, Marol Naka and Vidhan Bhavan. Design of pre-stressed retrievable rock anchors for
several stations and TBM launching shaft locations has been completed. The challenge lies in meeting the
stringent international standards used in India (BS) and the condition of sensitive working environments,
keeping conscious of commercial parameters and practical aspects of execution to specification. This
paper discusses the purpose, basic design, detailed design approaches and actual work implementation
of pre-stressed ground anchors that are being provided at the Mumbai Metro Line - 03 Project by Pavai
Infra Geotech - TeampT JV.
Keywords – Earth Retaining Structures, Retrievable Rock Anchors, Pre-stressed.
49
INSTABILITY ANALYSIS OF MONO PILE IN FLEXURAL AND BUCKLING MODES

DUE TO LIQUEFACTION INDUCED LATERAL SPREADING
P Ravi Prakash1 and Amit Prashant2
1 Graduate Student, Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, India, e-mail: patnayakuni.
prakash@iitgn.ac.in, Tel.: +the 91-9725434777
2 Professor, Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, India, e-mail: ap@iitgn.ac.in, Tel.:
+91-8511360509; Fax: +91-7923972324
ABSTRACT A simplified framework has been developed for quantification of critical axial load on mono
pile subjected to liquefaction-induced instability. Several case studies are reported in the literature, where
severe damage has been observed in pile foundations due to liquefaction even though designed with a
good factor of safety. Consideration of incorrect failure mechanism in the design of pile foundation is
the probable reason for these failures. Previous studies idealize pile as a column and a buckling mode of
failure is considered as the failure mechanism. Scenarios like the liquefaction-induced lateral spreading
of soil results in large lateral loads on the pile and in turn it may result into a different failure mode.
This limitation is alleviated in the present study by a beam column idealization of the pile and its failure
analysis is performed against combined buckling and flexural instabilities. A case study is presented to
demonstrate the critical axial load on a given pile-soil system subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral
spreading. Parameters like critical lateral spreading and critical failure axial load are studied intricately.
Furthermore, the effect of lateral spreading on the critical axial load on the pile, in turn on the mode of
failure is quantified. It was evident from the results that increase in lateral spreading will increase the
susceptibility towards flexural failure.
Key words: Mono pile, Liquefaction, Lateral spreading, Instability, and Displacement based modelling.
P. Ravi Prakash is currently a project assistant at Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar. He holds B.Tech.
degree in Civil engineering from the Acharya Nagarjuna University and Ph.D. degree in Civil engineering from the
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar. His areas of interest are Multi-Physics nonlinear analysis, Structural
fire engineering and Computational mechanics.
50
SIMPLIFIED ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS FOR PILE–SOIL-PILE INTERACTIONS

OF A DUO-PILE SYSTEM
Kolli Mohan Krishna, PhD Scholar, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India,
8500441687, mohan.kolli@iitgn.ac.in
Dhiman Basu, Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, 9925433861,
dbasu@iitgn.ac.in
Amit Prashant, Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. 8511360509, ap@iitgn.
ac.in
ABSTRACT The design of Duo-pile foundation system for elevated railways and highways is very
critical with respect to lateral deflection which can affect serviceability and the stability of superstructure.
In duo-pile system, interaction between piles, i.e., pile-soil-pile interaction plays a major role in final
response of the system. Four types of pile-soil-pile interaction take place in duo-pile system: 1) Edge
effect due to lateral load in transverse direction; 2) Shadow effect due to lateral load in longitudinal
direction; 3) Couple effect due to moment transfer in the longitudinal direction and 4) Interaction due
to vertical load. Objective of this study is to arrive at the appropriate spring constants for pile such that
incorporating these interactions into an equivalent one-dimensional (1-D) model will approximately
simulate the target displacement from the associated three-dimensional (3-D) model. Firstly, 3-D models
comprising of only two piles are explained. For each interaction, appropriate 1-D models are presented,
and corresponding spring constant factors are proposed.
Key words: Duo-pile, Pile-Soil-Pile Interactions, Spring Constant Factors, Couple Effect, Simplified
1-D Model.
Kolli Mohan Krishna is presently a Ph.D scholar in Indian Institute of Gandhinagar. He completed his masters
from same institute in Geotechnical Engineering under Professor Amit Prashant. Mohan is mostly involved
in research zone. Mohan has good experience in numerical modelling of geotechnical structures such a pile
foundations, reinforced walls and slopes. His major research interests are geotechnical earthquake engineering
and modelling of geotechnical structures.
51
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PULLOUT CAPACITY OF VERTICAL SHALLOW

MULTI-PLATE HELICAL PILES IN SAND
1Swapnali S. Pawar, 2Dinesh Bishnoi, 3Upendra M., 4Venkateswarlu P., 5Jignesh B. Patel
1,2,3,4 Post Graduate student, Applied mechanics department, SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat, India, Phone Number: 1
+91 7666469660, 2 +91 8780093039, 3 +91 8178518767, 4 +91 9904849487,
email: swapnali9660@rediffmail.com
dineshbishnoi664@gmail.com
upendarjntuk@gmail.com
pvenkateswarlu95@gmail.com
jig8107@gmail.com
ABSTRACT Helical piles are structural elements which are not only capable of resisting compressive
and tensile loads, but which can also counterbalance the overturning moments. Current uses of helical
piles range from shallow to deep foundation types. Present investigation has been carried out on use
of helical multi plate piles as shallow foundation piles and their pullout resistance in dense sands. The
pile models cylindrical multi plate helical pile (CMHP) and tapered multi plate helical piles (TMHP)
were used to investigate the effect of varying plate geometry of TMHP from the CMHP on pullout load
for different embedment depths. Both model piles TMHP and CMHP exhibited increased pullout load
capacities with increasing embedment depths. It was observed that the TMHP show improvement in
pullout capacity as compared to the CMHP only after a certain embedment depth was reached. For
embedment ratio more than 2.5, TMHP shows marginal improvement over CMHP while for embedment
ratio less than 2.5 CMHP shows better results than TMHP. Experimental results of pullout load capacity
are in good agreement with theoretical model results given by Mitsch and Clemence.
Keywords: Multi plate helical pile, Embedment ratio, Breakout factor
52
BEHAVIOR OF PILE IN COHESIVE SOIL SUBJECTED TO COMBINED VERTICAL

AND LATERAL LOAD CONSIDERING P-Δ EFFECT
Tanumaya Mitra, Research Scholar, Civil Engineering, IIEST Shibpur, WB, INDIA, +91 9674333976,
tanumayamitra@gmail.com
Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay, Professor of Civil Engineering, IIEST Shibpur, WB, INDIA, +91
9433090560, kkc@civil.iiests.ac.in
Ambarish Ghosh, Professor of Civil Engineering, IIEST Shibpur, WB, INDIA, +91 9831286527, ambarish@
civil.iiests.ac.in
ABSTRACT In this study, Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) approach has been used
to assess the behaviour of pile embedded in homogeneous clay bed, under combined vertical and lateral
load. Non-linearity of soil and P-Δ effect have been taken into account. The result shows that if P-Δ
effect is considered, the effect of vertical load will reduce the lateral load carrying capacity and increases
the pile head deflection by inducing additional moment at pile head. The effects of variation of soil
cohesion, slenderness ratios (L/D) and pile stiffness factors (Ep/Es) have also been investigated in this
study. With the increase in pile stiffness factor, pile head deflection increases whereas increase in L/D
ratios and cohesion lead to decrease the depth of fixity and lateral displacement of pile, under a fixed
lateral load. For lower L/D ratios (L/D < 20), pile behaves like a rigid pile; for L/D ≥ 30, pile behaviour
changes from rigid to flexible.
Keywords: Combined load, Winkler model, P- Δ effect, FEM, BNWF
53
Conference Schedule
DFI INDIA 2018 - IIT GANDHINAGAR - 15-17 NOVEMBER 2018

Start Stop CONFERENCE DAY 1 - 16 NOVEMBER 2018
8:00 AM 9:00 AM Registration, Refreshments, Exhibition and Networking
9:00 AM 9:30 AM Inauguration Ceremony
MOS and Felicitation of Dr. NV Nayak- Mr. Mohan Ramanathan
Session 1 Deep Foundations in Infrastructure Projects - An Owners Perspective

Session Chairs: Mr. Mohan Ramanathan and Dr. K S Ramakrishna
Keynote: How Foundation Exploration Affects Construction and Life of Super Structure - Shri Kapadia,
9:30 AM 10:00 AM
Narmada Water Resources Department, Water Supply and Kalpasar Dept. , Government of Gujarat, India
Keynote: An Owners Perspective in Managing Ground and Foundation Related Risks - Dr. Conrad Felice,
10:00 AM 10:30 AM
PhD, PE, DGE, CW Felice LLC, USA
Guest Presentation: Women in Engineering - Ms. Anjana Kadakia, PE, LEED AP, BD+C, Thornton Tomasetti,
10:30 AM 10:50 AM
USA
Guest Presentation: Women in Deep Foundations Initiative in India - Mary Ellen Large, PE, DGE, DFI and
10:50 AM 11:00 AM
Lucky Nagarajan, Skyline Steel LLC, USA
11:00 AM 11:30 AM Morning Break, Networking, Refreshments & Exhibition Visit
Keynote: Risk Analysis, Risk Assessment and Design of a New Developed Slope Stabilization -
11:30 AM 12:00 PM
Prof. Rolf Katzenbach, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
Design and Construction of Pile Foundations in the Congested Part of Old DHAKA City of Bangladesh-Case
12:00 PM 12:15 PM
Study on Mayor Mohammad Hanif Flyover -Avik Mandal, Lea Associates South Asia Pvt. Ltd., India
12:15 PM 12:25 PM Platinum Sponsor Presentation - Keller
A Review on T-shaped Deep Mixing Technology in Engineering Projects - Jigisha Vashi, PhD, SVKMS NMIMS
12:25 PM 12:40 PM
MPSTME Mumbai, India
Effect of Geotechnical Parameters in design and construction of Metro Tunnel below River Ganges in
12:40 PM 12:55 PM
Kolkata, India - Biswanath Dewanjee, FIE, Kolkata Metro Rail Corporation, India
12:55 PM 1:10 PM Assessing Depth of Well Foundation-Case Study - Ravi Sundaram, Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd., India
1:10 PM 2:00 PM Lunch
Session 2 Best Practices and New Technology Initiatives
Session Chair: Dr. Kumar Pitchumani
2:00 PM 2:30 PM Keynote: Practical Experience on Foundations of Mega Bridges and Structures in Lower Himalayas -
Mr. Subodh Jain, Jaypee University of Information Technology, India
2:30 PM 3:00 PM Keynote: Lessons Learned from Geotechnical Failures - Dr. James Collin, PE, DGE, The Collin Group, USA
3:00 PM 3:05 PM Gold Sponsor Presentation - PRD Rigs

03:05 PM 03:35 PM Keynote: Densification of Loose Sand Below a Large ECRD Dam - Dr. G.V. Ramana, IIT Delhi, India
03:35 PM 03:50 PM New Technologies for Future in Deep Foundation Industry in India - Sachin Kamat, IGS Mumbai Chapter,
India
3:50 PM 4:05 PM Performance of Large-Diameter Bored Pile with Short Socketed Length in Igneous Rock in Thailand -
Dr. Thayanan Bonyarak, Seafco Public Company Limited, Thailand
4:05 PM 4:30 PM Afternoon Break, Networking, Refreshments & Exhibition Visit
54
Conference Schedule

Session 2 - Parallel A: Best Practices and Session 2 - Parallel B: Ground Improvement,
New Technology Initiatives Piling & Deep Excavation and
Support Technologies
Session Chair: Dr. Kumar Pitchumani Session Chair: Mr. Harikrishna
Applications of Rock Penetration H Pile for Deep Engineering Aspects of Jet Grouting and Its Appli-
4:30 PM 4:45 PM Excavation Retaining System - Nagarajan D, L&T cations for Seepage Control - Akhila Manne, Keller
Construction India Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd., India
Micropiles – A Story of Success! - Andreas Brand- Mitigation of Liquefaction Potential Using Vibro Com-
4:45 PM 5:00 PM ner, Dipl.-Ing. MSc., IB-Brandner, Austria paction - Tanmay Gupta, Keller Ground Engg India Pvt
Ltd, India
Recognized Corrosion Protection Methods for Negative Skin Friction on a Pile – Effect of Drainage
5:00 PM 5:15 PM Permanent Ground Anchors - Rajiv Pandey, DSI- Condition - Prince Kumar, IIT Bombay, India
Bridgecon India Pvt. Ltd.
5:15 PM 6:45 PM Panel Discussion (including time to reconvene in large session room)
Session Chair: Mr. G Venkata Prasad
6:45 PM 7:15 PM Free time
7:15 PM 9:15 PM Cultural Evening and Banquet
Chartered Civil Engineer | Austria / Europe

Karl-schOEnherr-strasse 8 | A - 6020 Innsbruck
www.ib-brandner.com | office@ib-brandner.com
Geotechnics - Structural Engineering - Ropeway Engineering
55
Conference Schedule

8:00 AM 9:00 AM Registration, Refreshments, Exhibition and Networking
Session 3 - Geotechnical Investigation, Testing, Contractual and Reporting Requirements
Session Chair: Dr. Sunil Basarkar
9:00 AM 9:30 AM Keynote: Understanding Risk in Geotechnical Site Characterization - Mr. Silas Nichols, PE, Slohcin Solutions, USA
9:30 AM 10:00 AM Keynote: Communicating Objectives and Risk Among Project Shareholders - Dr. Antonio Marinucci, PhD, PE,
MBA, V2C Strategists, LLC, USA
Scour Effects on Laterally Loaded Piles in Sand and Potential Remedial Measurements - Yahia Mohamedzein,
10:00 AM 10:15 AM PhD, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
10:15 AM 10:30 AM Unconventional Geotechnical Investigation for Construction of New General Cargo Terminal at Port Owendo,
Gabon - Aditya Khatavkar, AFCONS Infrastructure, India
10:30 AM 10:35 AM Gold Sponsor Presentation - L&T Construction
10:35 AM 10:40 AM Gold Sponsor Presentation - Heritage Infraspace (India) Pvt Ltd
10:40 AM 10:45 AM Gold Sponsor Presentation - AECOM
10:45 AM 11:15 AM Morning Break, Networking, Refreshments & Exhibition Visit

Session 3 - Parallel A: Deep Foundations in Session 3 - Parallel B: Ground Improvement, Piling
Infrastructure Projects - Owners Perspective and Deep Excavation and Support Technologies
Session Chair: Dr. Sunil Basarkar Session Chair: Prof. Amit Prashant
Secant Pile Wall for Cut Off at Sundilla Barrage - Advanced Numerical Modelling of Deep Excavation
11:15 AM 11:30 AM Chandramohan Pattuparambil, Navayuga Engineering Supporting System using Contiguous Pile Wall -
Company Limited, India George Idiculla, PhD, IIT Bombay, India
Extent of Failure Zone in Soil at the Cutting Edge of Hydraulic Laterally Extruded Pile: A Method to Enhance
11:30 AM 11:45 AM Open Caisson: FE Evaluation and Regression Analysis Bearing Capacity of Pile - Dinesh Bishnoi, NIT Surat, India
- Jitesh Chavda, IIT Madras, India
Need for Upgradation of Foundation Code for Highway A Model Study of Micropile Groups Subjected to Lateral
Transportation Infrastructure (IRC:78-2014) - Alok Loading under Different Relative Denisty - Zakir Hussain,
11:45 AM 12:00 PM Bhowmick, B&S Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Assam Engineering College, India
India
Design of Cofferdam for Well Foundation Construction Performance of Contiguous Bored Pile Wall Retention
12:00 PM 12:15 PM - A Case Study - Sandeep Nikam, L&T Construction, System: A Case Study - Vimala Chinnasamy, Keller Ground
India Engineering, India
12:15 PM 1:15 PM Lunch

Session 4 Ground Improvement, Piling and Deep Excavation and Support Technologies
Session Chair: Dr. Jay Kumar Shukla
01:15 PM 01:20 PM Gold Corporate Presentations - Arcelor Mittal
01:20 PM 01:35 PM Continuous Flight Auger Piles - A Technology Initiative for Faster Piling in India -
Dr. Sunil Basarkar, AFCONS Infrastructure Ltd., India
01:35PM 01:50 PM Contact Free Sensor to Monitor Prestressing Anchors in Geotechnical Structures -
Rajiv Pandey, DSI-Bridgecon India Pvt. Ltd., India
01:50 PM 02:05 PM Single Bore Multiple Anchor Systems (SBMAs) in Challenging and Variable Ground Conditions -
Dr. Antonio Marinucci, PhD, MBA, PE, V2C Strategists LLC, USA
56
Conference Schedule

02:05 PM 02:20 PM Alternative Piling Methods - Chances for Technical and Economical Solutions - Franz-Werner Gerressen, Bauer
Maschinen GmbH, Germany
02:20 PM 02:35 PM Base Grouting of Bored Cast-in-Situ Piles at the Railway Bridge Over the River Rupsha, Bangladesh: A Case Study -
Rahul S, L&T Constructions, India
02:35 PM 02:50 PM Secant Piling Shoring System - With Circular Configuration - A Case Study - N Viswanathan, WABAG, India
02:50 PM 03:05 PM Behavior of Single Pile and Pile Groups Subjected to Abrupt Collapse of a Retaining Wall - Kranthikumar Alla, IIT
Roorkee, India
03:05 PM 03:20 PM Use of Socketed Micro Piles for Excavation Support in Heterogeneous Fill Material - Shuvranshu Rout, Tata Con-
sulting Engineers Limited, India
03:20 PM 03:50 PM Afternoon Break, Networking, Refreshments & Exhibition Visit

Session 4 - Parallel A: Ground Improvement, Session 4 - Parallel B: Piling and Deep Excavation
Piling and Deep Excavation and and Support Technologies
Support Technologies
Session Chair: Mr. Ravikiran Vaidya Session Chair: Mr. Sridhar
Bi-Directional Static Pile Load Test - Case Stud- Foundation Anchoring for Stability in Brownfield Site -
03:50 PM 4:00 PM ies - Ravi Sundaram, Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd., Manos De, Tata Consulting Engineers Limited, India
Newdelhi, India
Kinematic and Inertial Forces of Single Pile Under Optimization of Pile Foundation - Dr. A.K. Singh,
Dynamic Loading Using Numerical Approach - NIT Jamshedpur, India
4:00 PM 4:10 PM Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi, Iran University of
Science and Technology, Iran
Numerical Analysis of the Soil-Pile-Structure Interac- Pre-stressed Ground Anchors for Underground Stations
4:10 PM 4:20 PM tion on Structure’s Base Shear- Alireza Saeedi Aziz- and Earth Retaining Structures - Nagaraj Kumar B.V., Pavi
kandi, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran Infra Geotech, India
Slope Protection and Seepage Control for Deep Exca- Instability Analysis of Mono Pile in Flexural and Buckling
4:20 PM 4:30 PM vation Adjacent to Lake - Case Study - Modes Due to Liquefaction Induced Lateral Spreading -
Raja Rajan Kalidoss, ME, MIGS, L&T, India P. Ravi Prakash, IIT Gandhinagar, India
Bi-Directional Static Axial Pile Load Test: Garca River Simplified One-Dimensional Models for Pile-Soil-Pile Inter-
4:30 PM 4:40 PM Bridge - Brazil - Paul George Alexander C, GEO-Ground actions of a Duo-Pile System - Mohan Kolli, PhD
Engineering Operations, India Scholar, IIT Gandhinagar, India
Jet Grouted Columns - Ground Improvement for Lique- Experimental Study on Pullout Capacity of Vertical
4:40 PM 4:50 PM faction Resistance - A Case Study - Shallow Multi-Plate Helical Piles in Sand -
N Viswanathan, WABAG, India Swapnali Pawar, NIT Surat, India
Evaluation of Slope Stability Failure on Reclamation

4:50 PM 5:00 PM Bund - A Case Study - Vinay Kumar M, Larsen & Tou-
bro Limited, India
5:00 PM 5:10 PM Closing Remarks (reconvene in large session room) Session Chair Dr. K S Ramakrishna
57
Conference Schedule

PRE CONFERENCE WORKSHOP 15 NOVEMBER 2018
Ground Improvement Techniques
Column Supported Embankments and Soil Mixing
8:30 AM to 9:00 AM Registration
9:00 AM to 9:15 AM Introductions and Course Outcomes

Mary Ellen Large, P.E., D.GE, Deep Foundations Institute Brief introduction of DFI and an overview
of the course contents and learning objectives.
9:15 AM to 10:30 AM Introduction to Ground Improvement Technologies

Antonio Marinucci, Ph.D., P.E., MBA Overview of ground improvement technologies
including drainage, densification and reinforcement technologies, including description
of technique, suitable soil conditions, applications and materials.
10:30 AM to 11:00 AM Networking Break
11:00 AM to 12:30 PM Column Supported Embankments

Jim Collin, Ph.D., P.E., The Collin Group Current practice in column support embankments covering
site investigation, design, construction methods and materials, costs, contracting methods,
specifications, inspection and verification.
12:30PM to 1:30 PM Networking Lunch
1:30 PM to 3:00 PM Deep Mixing and Mass Stabilization

Silas Nichols, P.E., Slohcin Solutions Current practice in deep mixing and mass stabilization
covering site investigation, design, construction methods and materials, costs, contracting
methods, specifications, inspection and verification.
3:00PM to 3:30 PM Networking Break
3:30PM to 5:00 PM Procurement and Risk Management

All Speakers Contractual and risk management information related to procuring and executing
ground improvement technologies, including draft specifications (performance versus prescriptive
(method) specifications), acceptance criteria and expectations, procurement vehicles, guidance on
acceptance, types of monitoring and verification testing.
5:00PM to 5:30 PM GeoTechTools

Description of the free web-based technology selection and guidance system and geotechnology
catalog. The system helps users make better informed and innovative decisions with
geotechnologies.
5:30PM to 6:00 PM Questions/Answers/Panel Discussion
58
Sponsors, Exhibitors and Advertisers
Platinum Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd.

Gold PRD Rigs India Pvt Ltd
Gold L & T Construction
Gold Heritage Infraspace India Private Limited
Gold AECOM India Pvt Ltd
Gold ArcelorMittal
Silver Afcons Infrastructure Limited
Silver ITD Cementation India Ltd
Bronze LIEBHERR India Private Ltd.
Exhibitors
PRD Rigs India Pvt Ltd
Keller Ground Engineering India Pvt. Ltd.
L & T Construction
Heritage Infraspace India Private Limited
AECOM India Pvt Ltd
ArcelorMittal
ESC (China) Co. Ltd
Panasia Project Consultancy Pvt. Ltd
Tawata Technologies Llp
Beijing SAMYON Instruments Co.,Ltd
Advertisers
S & R Geotechniques Pvt. Ltd.
Pinnacle Piling India Pvt Ltd
IB Brandner
Mythcon
WWW.SAMYONTECH.COM
enbuch_210x148,5_mm.indd 1 27.09.2017 15:49:29
SAMYON commit us supply professional line instruments and
inspection service to our clients refers to Building, Bridge, Highway,
Channels, and Airport and so on, include:
1. Geophysical Exploration consultation and instruments
2. Construction Lab and NDT instruments: Rebar Locator, HPT, LPIT,
59
CSL, WIFI STATIC LOAD TESTING, Drill hole MONITOR .
Low Strain Dyanmic High Strain Dynamic WIFI Auto Static Load Ultrasonic Cross hole
WWW.SAMYONTECH.COM
SAMYON commit us supply professional line instruments and
inspection service to our clients refers to Building, Bridge, Highway,
Channels, and Airport and so on, include:
1. Geophysical Exploration consultation and instruments
2. Construction Lab and NDT instruments: Rebar Locator, HPT, LPIT,
CSL, WIFI STATIC LOAD TESTING, Drill hole MONITOR .
Low Strain Dyanmic High Strain Dynamic WIFI Auto Static Load Ultrasonic Cross hole
Drill Hole Monitor 3D Geophone Loger Rebar Locator Chloride Tester
Email:info@samyontech.com Tel: +86 10 59429575/ Mobile:0086-13810682636
60
61
62
63
64
S & R Geotechniques Pvt. Ltd

Administrative Office
Shop No – 1 & 2, Aniruddha Heights, Plot No. – 168, Sector 34, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai –
410209.Mobile – 09594979390, 07775968302
E mail- snrgeo@gmail.com, info@srgeotech.com Web- www.srgeotech.com
SERVICES
 Geotechnical Investigatio
Investigationn
o Soil drilling with sample recovery utilizing undisturbed sampling techniques.
o Standard Penetration Test
o Plate load test & Stone column test
 Laboratory Testing Services
 Soil and Rock Anchors:
o Anchor Pull Out Test

o Prestressed Rock Anchors (Vertical and Inclined)
o Soil Anchors or Nails
o Active and Passive Rock Anchor
 Piling of 400 mm to 1200mm
 Micro piling and Pile load tests:
o Static Vertical Pile Load Test By Reaction Anchors upto 2700 tons
o Bi-Directional
Directional Static Pile Load Tests (upto 10000 tones)
o Lateral Load Test (LTT)
o Dynamic Pile Load Test (DPL)
o Pull out test of Piles
o Bridge Load Testing
 Drilling and Grouting
 Slope Stabilization (Soil Nailing, Gabions, Geotextiles, Retaining wall etc.)
 Geophysical Services:
o Pressure meter Test (100 Bar Manard make and 200 Bar OYO make)
o 1D-2D
2D Electrical Tests and Imagining (ERT)
o Seismic Refraction Survey (SRT)
o Seismic Cross Hole test (CHT)
 Seismic Down Hole Test (DHT)
 Geotechnical implementation
 Drilling and Blasting
 Geotechnical Instrumentation (Inclinometer, Piezometer, Settlement Markers etc.)
 Topographical and Contour Survey
 Geotechnical Interpretative Reports (GIR)
 Non Destructive Testing (NDT) (Pile Integrity test, Cross Hole Sonic Logging
ogging etc.
65
COMPANY PROFILE ITD CEMENTATION INDIA LIMITED

ITD Cementation is an Associate Company of the Italian-Thai Development Corporation Limited,
Thailand which is one of the leading construction companies. Today we have a Turnover of INR
2060 Crore. Headquartered in Mumbai, Our Regional Offices are at Kolkata, Chennai and Delhi.
ITD Cementation (ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001) has an excellent reputation in the industry
with its Esteemed Clientele for Timely Delivery, Quality Standards and Highest Safety Standards.
AREAS OF OPERATIONS
13.5 kms Diaphragm Wall for
Sabaramati River Development Project Slope Stabilization at
HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER/ Raj Bhavan, Cabo Hill, Goa Spun Pile Driving at Dahej,
AIRPORTS
DAMS & IRRIGATION
MASS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM

INDUSTRIAL/ BUILDINGS
(ELEVATED & UNDERGROUND)
MARINE PROJECTS HIGHWAY, BRIDGES & FLYOVERS
FOUNDATION & SPECIALIST

WATER & WASTE WATER
ENGINEERING
PVDs for Reclamation Works of 4th
Container Terminal, JNPT, Mumbai
WHY ITD CEM ? Bored Cast-in-Situ Piling for
Prilling Tower(106 Meters) at Metro/ Power Plant/Refineries
Babrala (UP) resting on Ground Im-
· Known for Quality, Safety and Timely Delivery · Experience of More than 80 Years proved with Vibro-Stone
· Strong Design Team and Technical Backup · Proven Track Records
· Strong Financials · Huge Asset- Equipment & Manpower
Foundation & Specialized Engineering - Our Forte

PILING DIAPHRAGM WALL GROUND IMPROVEMENT REHABILITATION
Bored Cast-in-Situ Piling 600mm—1200mm thk Vibro-Flotation Stone Column Drilling & Grouting Pointing Works of Linganmakki Dam of KPCL
Secant Piling for Mumbai Metro III
Driven Cast-in-Situ Piling Barrette Piles Pre-Fabricated Vertical Drains Soil/Rock Anchors
Driven Precast Piling Cut off Walls Vibro-Compaction Shotcreting/Guniting Contact Information :
ITD CEMENTATION INDIA LIMITED
Spun Concrete Piling Cement Slurry Walls Sand Piles Slope Stabilization
Corporate Office: National Plastic Building, A- Subhash Road,
Pre-Bored Precast Piling Soil Mixing Gabion Walls Paranjape B Scheme, Vile Parle (East), Mumbai 400 057
Telephone: +91 22 66931600 Fax : +91 22 66931627 / 28
Secant Piling Dam Rehabilitation
Email: marketing@itdcem.co.in Website : www.itdcem.co.in
Micro Piling Rock Bolting
2017_ DFI-Messe Indien-Sponsorenbuch_210x148,5_mm.indd 1 27.09.2017 15:49:29
66
AFCONS INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED

WHERE EXCELLENCE & DIVERSITY GO HAND-IN-HAND
Afcons Infrastructure Limited is the flagship infrastructure construction arm of Shapoorji Pallonji Group. Established in 1959, Afcons
has delivered over 350 infrastructure projects across 20 countries in Africa, Middle East, CIS, and Asia. In India, Afcons is the leader in
EPC implementation of marine, metro rail, tunnels, Oil & Gas, hydro, highways & bridge projects. With unmatched execution capabilities,
Afcons is one of the top 15 marine EPC players in the world. In surface transport segment, we have delivered multiple challenging and
large-scale projects in India and overseas. Afcons has also delivered over 100+km of metro rail in India, and enjoys a leadership position.
IN-HOUSE EXPERTISE FOR EPC PROJECTS VAST EXPERIENCE
• Construction of: • Pioneer in major land based & Marine foundation works
- Large diameter Bored piles and Caissons • Constructed more than 30 jetty structures for ports of various
- Diaphragm walls sizes along Indian coastline
- Highways, Road, Tunnels and Railway bridges • Operational experience of working in international construction
- Jetties and Wharf structures markets of Middle East (MENA) & Africa
- LNG tanks • Operating six jack-up-barge platforms of various capacities
• Installation of driven steel piles under harsh marine conditions
• Underground and underwater tunnel construction • Timely completion of projects
• Drilling and Grouting • High-end technological prowess in foundation constructions,
• Installation of Rock Bolts and Cable Anchors Ground Improvements, Deep excavation support systems,
• Advanced Ground Improvement Techniques including Jet grouting thus providing a cutting edge for EPC projects
One of the longest jetties (2.5km) Use of 2.5m dia, 68m deep concrete India’s first underwater Metro tunnels India’s largest container terminal
founded on driven steel piles at Hazira piles for second Bhairabgarh Bridge under Hoogly River, Kolkata using founded on bored cast in-situ concrete
in Gujarat across Meghna River in Bangladesh 6.55m dia TBM completed in just 67 days piles; completed in record time at JNPT
AFCONS INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED
Afcons House; 16, Shah Industrial Estate; Veera Desai Road; Azadnagar, Andheri (W); Mumbai - 400 053;
Tel: +91(0)22 67191000; Fax: +91(0) 22 2673 0026/0047/1031; Email: design@afcons.com | Website: www.afcons.com
67
Energize Green Emotion

An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiﬁed Organization
Er. Krishnendu Mandal

BE(Civil),ME(Cal),MBA,MIWWA,MIGS.
Director
Facilities
SHM- STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF BRIDGES
NDE-Non Destrutive Evalution of Bridges
Vibration/Crack-Monitoring
Structural Quality Assurance
High Strain Dynamic Lod iest
(HSDU/Bi-Diredional LoadTest /PIT/CHA/VLT/LLT/POT)
Ground Improvement-PVD, Instrumented Pile Lood Test
Geotechnical/Structural Instrumentation
Mahendra Endave,
BL-B Space 4 & 5, AA-32,
P Kanan, Kolkata, WB, Pin-700101, India
Hand Phone 91-9903022389/9681708011
E-mail: info@mythcon.co.in, krishnendu.man@gmail.com,
Website:www.mythcon.co in
68
69
We have expanded our horizons into Marine Jetty works
"WE ARE THE WORLD'S LARGEST GEOTECHNICAL CONTRACTOR”
Innovation forms the core of Keller's geotechnical expertise. Since its inception, Keller India has introduced many path breaking
solutions coupled with new technologies that are suitable for Indian environment. Site conditions can vary greatly within a single
project site and are challenging. Therefore, developing optimal solutions with single or combination of techniques
requires comprehensive knowledge, vast experience, and sound skills which is crucial and is the forte of Keller India.
HEAVY EARTH RETENTION GROUND SMALL DIAMETER FOUNDATION CIVIL

FOUNDATIONS & SHORING DRILLING GROUTING
IMPROVEMENT WORKS
• Bored Piles • Diaphragm Walls • Vibro Stone Columns • Anchors • Jet Grouting • Raft/Pile caps
• Driven Piles • Contiguous Piles • Vibro Compaction • Micropiles • Permeation • Tank/Sand pads
• Barrettes • Secant Piles • Vibro Sand Columns Grouting • Earth Works
• Plunge • Deep Soil Mixing • Compaction • Basement

• Sheet Piles
Columns Grouting excavation works
• Soldier Piles • Rapid Impact
• Raker Piles Compaction
KELLER GROUND ENGINEERING INDIA PVT LTD

CHENNAI: 7th Floor, Eastern Wing, Centennial Square, 6A, Dr.Ambedkar Road, Kodambakkam, Chennai - 600 024 | Tel: 044 24807500
MUMBAI: 504, Town Center II, Andheri Kurla Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai – 400059 | Tel: 022 45042200
NOIDA: 107, Pinnacle Tower, A-42/6, Sector – 62, Noida – 201309 | Tel: 0120 4287641
Email – info@kellerindia.com | Web – kellerindia.com
70
Platinum Sponsor

DFI India2018SouvenirBook PDF

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

DFI India2018SouvenirBook PDF

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

DFI INDIA 2018

Deep Foundations Institute USA, DFI of India

8th Annual Conference on

Advanced foundation technologies

Join the DFI Family

8th Annual Conference on

Deep Foundations Institute, DFI of India

DFI India 2018,

Dr K.S. Rama Krishna I.V. Anirudhan

About the Organizers

Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) and DFI of India

Indian Institute of Technology Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat

Indian Geotechnical Society (IGS), Ahmedabad Chapter

Message from President, DFI

October 12, 2018

Message from Chairman, DFI of India

Dr. K.S. Ramakrishna

I am glad that we are organizing “DFI-India 2018” on ‘Deep Foundation

Message from Director IIT Gandhi Nagar

Prof. Sudhir K. Jain

Prof. Sudheer K Jain

Message from Director Operations, DFI of India

Message from President, IGS, New Delhi

INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY

President Prof. G.L. Sivakumar Babu

Dear distinguished colleagues

Prof. G L Sivakumar Babu

WHAT CAN DFI DO FOR YOU?

Find Common Ground. Become a Member of DFI

Visit www.dfi-india.org OR www.dfi.org

DFI of India Lifetime Contribution Award 2018

Dr. Narayan V Nayak

Deep Foundations Institute of India and DFI USA

Deep Foundations Institutute of India

Deep Foundations Institutute USA

DEEP FOUNDATIONS INSTITUTE OF INDIA

DFI India 2018 Organising Committee ii

EFFECT OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF METRO TUNNEL

HYDRAULIC LATERALLY EXTRUDED PILE:

PRE-STRESSED GROUND ANCHORS FOR UNDERGROUND STATIONS AND

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PILE FOUNDATIONS

A REVIEW ON T SHAPED DEEP MIXING TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING PROJECTS

EFFECT OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF

ASSESSING DEPTH OF WELL FOUNDATION – CASE STUDY

NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE IN DEEP FOUNDATION INDUSTRY IN INDIA

CONTINUOUS FLIGHT AUGER PILES – A TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE FOR FASTER

PERFORMANCE OF LARGE-DIAMETER BORED PILE

CONTACT FREE SENSOR TO MONITOR PRESTRESSING ANCHORS

APPLICATIONS OF ROCK PENETRATION H PILE FOR DEEP EXCAVATION

MICROPILES – A STORY OF SUCCESS

RECOGNIZED CORROSION PROTECTION METHODS FOR

ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF JET GROUTING AND ITS APPLICATIONS FOR

MITIGATION OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL USING VIBRO COMPACTION

NEGATIVE SKIN FRICTION ON A PILE – EFFECT OF DRAINAGE CONDITION

SCOUR EFFECTS ON LATERALLY LOADED PILES IN SAND AND POTENTIAL

UNCONVENTIONAL GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF

SECANT PILE WALL FOR CUT OFF AT SUNDILLA BARRAGE

EXTENT OF FAILURE ZONE IN SOIL AT THE CUTTING EDGE OF OPEN CAISSON:

NEED FOR UPGRADATION OF FOUNDATION CODE FOR HIGHWAY

DESIGN OF COFFER DAM FOR WELL FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION -

ADVANCED NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DEEP EXCAVATION SUPPORTING SYSTEM

HYDRAULIC LATERALLY EXTRUDED PILE: A METHOD TO ENHANCE

A MODEL STUDY OF MICROPILE GROUPS SUBJECTED TO LATERAL LOADING