DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING

ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS

Generic Name: CNS stimulant Citicoline (Na) increasesCVD
the blood
in acute
flow& Gastrointestinal •Somazine must not be
Citicolin in brain and used in the treatment
recovery phase,
of Disorders administered along with
cerbro-vascular disorderssymptoms
such as & medicaments containing
ischaemic stroke and head signs
injury.
of cerebral meclophenoxate
Brand Name: insufficiency
Somazine (dizziness,
memory loss,
poor
Dosage and Route: concentration,
500mg/ cap BID disorientation,
recent cranial
trauma & their
sequelae.)

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING

ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: Anti-platelets agent Inhibits platelet
Clopidogrel aggregation by For pain on GI: dyspepsia, •Assess for pain: type,
blocking ADP integumentary
heartburn, location
receptors on structures,
Brand Name: anorexia, nausea,
platelets, myalgia, neuralgia, and pattern
epigastric discomfort,
Plavix preventing headache, •Note for asthma
clumping of potentiation of peptic
dysmenorrhea,
platelets. ulcer •Monitor renal,
gout arthritis, SLE,
Dosage and Route: acute rheumatic Allergic: LFTs and CBC
75mg/ tab OD
fever Bronchospasm, •Determine history of
asthma-like
peptic ulcers or
symptoms,
 anaphylaxis, skin
bleeding tendencies.
rashes,
urticaria
Hematologic:
Prolongation of
bleedingtime,
thrombocytopenia,leu
copenia,
Other: Thirst, fever,
dimness of vision.

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING

ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: Anti-diabetic Decreases hepatic • Adjunct to diet and CNS: headache, • Assess patients
Metformin glucose production exercise to lower dizziness, asthenia glucose level before
and intestinal glucose level in therapy and regularly
absorption of glucose patients with type 2 GI: diarrhea, nausea, thereafter to monitor the
Brand Name: and improves insulin (non-insulin- vomiting, abdominal drug’s effectiveness.
Glucophage sensitivity (increases dependent) diabetes discomfort, • Before therapy, assess
peripheral glucose mellitus. flatulence, patient’s kidney
Dosage and Route: uptake) • Adjunct to diet and indigestion, function, and then
500mg/ tab OD exercise in type 2 unpleasant or reassess at least
DM, as monotherapy metallic state. annually. If renal
or with a sulfonylurea impairment is detected,
or insulin. Hematologic: expect prescriber to
megaloblastic anemia switch to different anti-
diabetic.
 Metabolic: lactic • Monitor patient’s
acidosis hematologic lab test
results for megaloblastic
anemia.
• Be alert for the
adverse reactions of the
drug.
• Assess patient’s and
family’s knowledge of
drug therapy.

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING

ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: Anti-gout Inhibits the enzyme - Management of the CNS: -Assess for pain-
Allopunirol responsible for the signs and symptoms Headache, Monitor uric acid levels
conversion of purines of primary and drowsiness, q2 wk
Brand Name: to uric acid, thus secondary gout peripheral -Monitor CBC, AST,
Zyloprim reducing the - Management of neuropathy, neuritis, BUN, creatinine before
production of uric patients with paresthesias starting treatment
Dosage and Route: acid with a decrease malignancies that Dermatologic: -Monitor nutritional
in serum and result in elevations of Rashes— status: discourage organ
sometimes in urinary serum and urinary maculopapular, scaly meat, sardines, salmon,
uric acid levels, uric acid or exfoliative— legumes (high purine),
relieving the signs - Management of sometimes fatal gravies, alcohol
and symptoms of patients with GI:
gout recurrent calcium Nausea, vomiting,
oxalate calculi whose diarrhea,
daily uric acid abdominal pain,
excretion exceeds gastritis,
800 mg/day (males) hepatomegaly,
or 750 mg/day hyperbilirubinemia,
 (females) cholestatic jaundice
GU:
Exacerbation of gout
and renal calculi,
renal failure
Hematologic:
Anemia, leukopenia,
agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia,
aplastic anemia, bone
marrow depression

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING

ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: Anti- diabetic May stimulate insulin For use as an adjunct - Gastrointestinal • Assess patients
Glipizide release from to diet for the control disturbances are the glucose level before
pancreas, reduce of hyperglycemia and most common therapy and regularly
Brand Name: glucose output by its associated reactions such as, thereafter to monitor the
Glutocrol liver, and increase symptomatology in nausea and diarrhea, drug’s effectiveness.
peripheral sensitivity patients with non- constipation and • Patient transferring
Dosage and Route: to insulin. insulin-dependent gastralgia. from insulin to oral
diabetes mellitus antibiotic needs glucose
(NIDDM; type II), - Allergic skin monitoring at least three
formerly known as reactions including times daily before meal.
maturity-onset erythema, • Be alert for the
diabetes, after an morbilliform or adverse reactions of the
adequate trial of maculopapular drug.
dietary therapy has eruptions, urticaria, • Assess patient’s and
proved pruritus, and eczema. family’s knowledge of
unsatisfactory. drug therapy.
- Miscellaneous:
Dizziness,
 drowsiness, and
headache.

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING

ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: Anti- hyperlipemic Inhibits HMG- CoA Idicated to: CNS: headache, • Obtain history of
reductase. This asthenia. patients LDL and total
Simvastatin enzyme is early (and GI: abdominal pain, cholesterol level before
• Reduce the risk of
rate- limiting) step in total mortality by diarrhea, dyspepsia, starting the therapy, and
synthetic pathway of reducing CHD flatulence, nausea. reassess thereafter to
Brand Name: cholesterol. deaths. Respiratory: monitor the drug’s
Zocor • Reduce the risk of Upper respiratory effectiveness.
non-fatal tract infection. • Obtain liver function
Dosage and Route: myocardial test results before and
20mg/ tab infarction and periodically thereafter
stroke. the therapy.
• Reduce the need • Monitor pt. for
for coronary and myalagia during
non-coronary treatment.
revascularization • Be alert for the
procedures. adverse reactions of the
drug.
•Assess patient’s dietary
intake.

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING

ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: Antianginal, Inhibits calcium ion For the treatment of CNS: headache, •Monitor BP for
Antihypertensive influx across cardiac hypertension, chronic fatigue, somnolence therapeutic
 and smooth- muscle stable angina and CV: edema, effectiveness. BP
Amlodipine cells, thus decreasing confirmed or dizziness, flushing, reduction is greatest
myocardial suspected vasospastic palpitations. after peak levels of
contractility and angina. GI: abdominal pain, amlodipine are
Brand Name: oxygen demand. Also dyspepsia, nausea. achieved 6–9 h
Norvasc dilates coronary following oral doses.
arteries and •Monitor for S&S of
Dosage and Route: arterioles. dose-related peripheral
5mg/ tab OD or facial edema that
may not be
accompanied by weight
gain; rarely, severe
edema may cause
discontinuation of
drug.
•Monitor BP with
postural changes.
Report postural
hypotension.
•Monitor more
frequently when
additional
antihypertensives or
diuretics are added.

•Monitor heart rate;

dose-related
palpitations (more
common in women)
may occur.

DRUG NAME CLASSIFICATION MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS ADVERSE NURSING

ACTIONS REACTIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic Name: Anti- diabetic Binds to insulin Control of Metabolic: • Assess underlying
receptors on muscle hyperglycemia in hypoglycemia, condition before starting
Insulin and flat cells, lower diabetes mellitus. hyperkalemia therapy, and reassess
glucose level, Skin: lipodystrophy, regularly.
facilitates the cellular pruritus, rash. • monitor glucose level
Brand Name: uptake of glucose, Other: allergic before starting therapy
NovoLog and inhibits the reactions, injection and regularly
output of glucose site reactions throughout therapy.
Dosage and Route: from the liver. • Monitor pt.’s
250 mg glycosylated
hemoglobin level
regularly.
• Monitor urine ketones
when glucose level id
elevated.
• Monitor pt. for
injection- site reactions.
• Monitor pt. with an
external insulin pump
for erythematous,
pruritic, or thickened
skin at injection site.
• Assess patient’s and
family’s knowledge of
drug therapy.