ENDO FINAL 2 :

ECHTAY:
1) In DKA, which one is false:
A- 15-30% of the case occure is newly diagnosed type 1DM (IDD)
B- Bicarbonates are only used in severe cases of acidosis
C- On presentation, serum potassium is usually normal or high
D- With treatmemt, acidosis is corrected earlier than hyperglycemia
E- Non of the above

2) Intravenous simple insulin is used in the TT of DKA till the patient:

A- Fully conscious
B- The blood sugar is less than 200 mg/dl
C- The potassium level returns back to normal
D- Well dehydrated
E- Out of acidosis

3) As regarding the difference b/w DKA and HHS, which of the following is false:
A- The fluid deficit in HHS is more than DKA
B- The insulin requirement for TT in HHS is more than in DKA
C- Potassium replacement is required earlier in HHS than in DKA
D- Osmolarity is higher in HHS than in DKA
E- None of the above

4) In chronic complications of DM which of the following is false:

A- The duration of the disease plays a role in the development
B- Genetic factors play a role...
C- Dylipidemia plays a role....
D- Hypertension plays ....
E- Non of the above

5) In UKPDS: (false one)

A- the difference b/w the intensive and conventional groups in the HbA1c was 1%
B- It was done in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients
C- In the intensive group, there was significant reduction in the microvascular complications
D- In the intensive group, there was a significant reduction in the macrovascular complications
E- Non of the above

6) All of the following can happen in non proliferative retinopathy except:

A- Capillary closure and dilation
B- Retinal detachement
C- Arteriovenous shunts
D- Cotton wool spots
E- Hard exudates
7) As regarding diabetic retinopathy, (false answer):
A- Early changes may be reversible with proper treatment
B- Proteinuria increases the CV mortality
C- Values of albumine in urine up to 500 mg/day are considered microalbuminuria
D- Strict BP control is needed
E- Non of the above

8) In the treatment of osteoporosis, estrogen has the following effects except:

A- Increases bone mass
B- Reduces bone turnover
C- The effect is greateat when started early after menopause
D- The benefits on bone persists after stopping the TT
E- Non of the above

9) All of the following are risk factors for osteoporotic fractures except:
A- Early menopause
B- Overweight
C- Alcohol
D- Current cigarette smoking
E- Dementia

10) In slowing progression from microalbuminuria to overt nephropathy, all of the following should be
done except:
A- Near normalisation of glycemia
B- Strict BP control
C- Administration of ACE inhibitors or ARBs
D- Treatment if dyslipidemia
E- Non of the above

11)According the new IDF (International Diabetes Federation) definition of the metabolic syndrome,
all of the following criteria are correct except:
A- Waist circumference > or = 94 cm (men) and > or = 80 cm (women)
B- TG > or = 150 mg/dL
C- HDL < 40 mg/dL (men) and < 50 mg/dL (women)
D- BP > or = 130/25 mmHg
E- Fasting glucose > or = 110 mg/dL

12) In type 2 DM, HbA1c should be individualized based on which of fhe following:
A- The age of the patient
B- The duration of the disease
C- The presence or abscence of established complications
D- All of the above
E- Non of the above

13) Vitamin D deficiency leads to all of the following except:

A- Decrease calcium absorbtion from intestion
B- Decrease BMD
C- Decrease neuromuscular function
D- Decrease PTH in blood
E- Non of the above

13) The chronic intake of all of the following could lead to osteoporosis except:
A- Steroids
B- Excessive thyroxine hormone
C- Cyclosporine
D- Anti-convulsants
E- Non of the above

14) as regarding dyslipidemia in diabetics which of the following statements is true :

A-LDL cholesterol has to be kept above 100mg/dl
B-treatment should not be aggressive
C-hyperTriglyciridemia and reduced HDL level is the most common
D- glycemic control has no effect in lowering triglyceride level
E-none of the above