Compulsory English–II (1424)

Level: Bachelor

Semester, spring 2019

Passing Marks (Assignment 1): 40

Assignment No. 1

(Unit 1-4)

The following question are based on Unit-1. Read the unit carefully and answer
the question/solve the exercises given below

Q.1 Read pages 1-14 carefully (the content is related to “academic writing”
and various types of “essays”) and briefly answer the following question (in your
own words).

a. What is academic writing? How it is different than other types of writing?

b. How would you define an “essay”? Provide various types of essays you
studied with their particular characteristics.
c. Define “descriptive essay”. How it is different than other types of essays?
Provide brief examples.

Answer:-

a. What is academic writing? How it is different than other types of writing?

“Academic writing” refers to a particular style of expression.

Academic writing is different than other types of writing:-

Writing in college or university is different from writing in school. As a student of

higher level, you should know how to write clearly, to have an interesting and
arguable point of view, to construct paragraphs and essays that are coherent and
focused, and so on, basically how to write a good academic essay.
As a college or university student, you will be engaged in reading and writing
activities that will make you read critically, think, analyses, and write with clarity.
Whether you are a student or teacher, academic writing skill are necessary in
today's world. Essays, reports, presentations and research papers are just some
examples of documents written in the academic style.

b. How would you define an “essay”? Provide various types of essays you
studied with their particular characteristics.

An essay is a piece of writing that generally shows the writer's point of view on a
particular subject. An essay discusses, describes or analyses one topic. It can range
in length from one paragraph to more. It can be about anything, and written in
almost any style. It can be serious or funny, analytical or argumentative. It can
describe personal opinions, or just report information. Learning to write academic
essays will take time and practice.

Descriptive:-

The descriptive essay provides details about how something looks feels, tastes,
smells, and sounds. It can also describe what something is, or how something
happened. These essays generally use a lot of sensory details exciting our sense of
smell, taste, touch, and seeing.

Compare and Contrast:-

The compare and contrast essay discusses the similarities and differences between
two things, people, concept, places, etc. The essay could discuss both similarities
and differences, or it could just focus only on one aspect; either similarities or
differences.

Cause and Effect:-

The cause and effect essay explains why or how some event happened, and what
resulted from the event. This essay is a study of the relationship between two or
more events or experiences. The essay could discuss both cause and effects, or it
could simple address one or the other. A cause essay usually discusses what
happens after a specific event or circumstance.
Narrative:-

The narrative essay tells a story. Generally, the narrative essay is conversational in
style, and tells of a personal experience. It is most commonly written in the first
person. This essay could describe a single event, or simple a mundane daily
experience.

Process:-

A process essay describes how something is done. It generally explains actions

that should be performed in a series or in steps. It can explain in detail how to
accomplish a specific task. The essay could be in the form of step-by-step
instructions, or in a story form, with the instructions or explanations given along
the way.

Argumentative:-

An argumentative essay attempts to persuade the reader to the writer's point of

view. The writer can either be serious or funny, but always tries to convince the
reader of the validity of his or her opinion.

Analysis:-

An Analysis essay analyses the strengths, weaknesses and methods of someone

else's work. An analysis essay can be written analyzing an essay, story, book,
poem, movie, or a work of art. Generally, these essays begin with a brief overview
of the main points of the text, movie, or pieces of art, followed by a detailed
analysis of the work. It should then discuss how well the author or the artist has
accomplished the goals.

c. Define “descriptive essay”. How it is different than other types of essays?

Provide brief examples.

The descriptive essay provides details about how something looks feels, tastes,
smells, and sounds. It can also describe what something is, or how something
happened. These essays generally use a lot of sensory details exciting our sense of
smell, taste, touch, and seeing.
Descriptive essay is different than other types of essays:-

Focus on the details of what is going on. For example, if you want to write a
descriptive essay about your trip to the park, you would give great detail about
what you experienced: how the grass felt beneath your feet, what the park
benches looked like, and anything else the reader would need to feel as if he were
there.



Q.2 Read pages 24-30 carefully (the content is about various parts of an
academic essay) and write an academic essay (of about 100 words) on “My
Favorite Sport”.

Answer:-

There are many outdoor games. However, among all the outdoor sports, football
is my most favorite game. This game is famous all over the world. Football is a
game played by eleven players on each side. There is one referee and two
linesmen. In Pakistan football is played with great fervor. Even though we do not
qualify for the World Cup matches, people here are quite passionate about this
wonderful game. In Lahore there are many football grounds. Among them Gaddafi
Stadium is very big and well-known all around the world. I play football in my
school. I am part of the school primary team. I am a supporter of Ashraf Sugar
Mills Club, which happens to be the oldest club in Lahore. I am also a devoted
supporter of Brazil. Brazil won the soccer world cup for five years. Large number of
spectators comes to see football matches. This game is a physical game and
played mainly with the legs and head. Only the goalkeeper is allowed to catch the
ball with his hands. Football, because of the thrill and excitement it offers, is my
most favorite game.



Q.3 Read pages 31-34 carefully (the content is about formal and informal
styles of writing) and decide what type of writing style (formal/informal) is used
in the following text and how?
When you are preparing to cook, wash your hands first. I think, you should also
check for your dress by wearing an apron. Further, avoid cooking nasty and bad
food etc. For your kids and parents.

Answer:-

The following paragraph is an informal style of writing. Because in this paragraph

the writer uses “Colloquial” and “Empathy and emotion” style in which the writer
uses small sentences and use you or your pronoun for the reader. The writer also
shows the empathy and emotion towards the reader and persons belong to them.
The writer suggests two wash hand or wear an apron before cook to avoid any
burn from hot oil likewise and giving advice to cook a healthy tasty food for their
kids and parents.



The following question are based on Unit-2. Read the unit carefully and answer
the question/solve the exercises given below

Q.4 Read the text titled as “Chronology of the Mughal Kings” on 51-52
carefully?

Now Link (connect) the sentences (given in the text) by using appropriate
SEQUENCE MARKERS. You are required to use at least TEN sequence markers in
your answer.

Answer:-

The Mughul Empire started its long reign in 1526 which lasted until 1857. The
First Mughul king was Babur who was born in Ferghana in 1483. Babur was a
descendant of Genghis Khan and Tainmur. Next, In 1526 Babur defeated the
Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi.

Second, Hamayon assumed power after the death of Babur in 1530. Afterwards,
in 1540 Afghan leader Sher Shah Suri defeated Hamayun and seized the empire.
After that, Hamayun re-conquered Delhi in 1555. Then, In 1556 Humayun died
and young Akbar was enthroned. Later, in 1605 after the death of Jahangir.
Meanwhile, Shah Jahan’s son Aurangzeb executed his brothers, imprisoned his
father and ascended to the throne of Delhi. Lastly Aurangzeb died in 1707 and
with that the British Raj. And Finally, the last Mughal ruler Bahad Shah Zafar died
in 1862.



Q.5 Read the text titled as “A Day in the Life of a Nurse” on pages 56-57
carefully also read Exercise-9 given on page 58.

Now write down a PARAGRAPH of about 150 words on “A Day in the Life of a
college Student”. Follow the use of SEQUENCE MARKERS in your answer.

Answer:-

“A Day in the Life of a college Student”

First, I get up early at 6 o’clock in the morning. Next, I brush my teeth and wash
my face. Then, I put on my clothes and comb my hair. After that, I eat breakfast.
Next, I go to college. At college we study different subjects. I also play with my
friends at college. After college, I go home. At home, I rest in my room and do my
study. Later, I eat dinner with my family. After dinner I watch TV. Finally, I go to
bed.



Q.6 Read the text titled as Planting a Tree: A Step by Step Guide” on pages 60-
61 carefully. Now go to Page 62 and complete EXERCISE 10 as per directions
given.

Answer:-
 

The following question are based on Unit-3. Read the unit carefully and answer
the question/solve the exercises given below

Q.7 Read the text titled as “Pollution” on pages 89-91 carefully and complete
the following tasks briefly:

a. Define noise pollution.

b. Create a diagram illustrating all six types of pollution.
c. Explain what causes soil pollution?

Answer:-

a. Define noise pollution.

Noise pollution refers to sounds in the environment that are caused by humans
and that threaten the health or welfare of human or animal inhabitants.

b. Create a diagram illustrating all six types of pollution.

c. Explain what causes soil pollution?

Soil is a basic natural resource. Soil pollution occurs when chemicals are released
by spill or underground leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are
hydrocarbons, heavy metals, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Therefore we can say that contamination of the soil is cause mainly by solid and
liquid residues and contaminated water.



Q.8 Read the text titled as “Types of Teachers on pages 96-98 carefully and
answer the following questions briefly:

a. What are the characteristics of a funny teacher?

b. How would you define a strict teacher?

Answer:-

a. What are the characteristics of a funny teacher?

A funny teacher is like a God send to the students. Such a teacher always wants to
see students smile. A funny teacher tries to bring a smile on the lips of the
students. This kind of teacher is witty and humorous, lifts the stress out of
student's life. Funny teachers are therefore like stress-busters in students' life.
They help them forget all their problems. However, it does not mean that this kind
of teacher is not serious about studies; rather their lighthearted attitude
encourages students. They teach students without burdening them. They are not
fixated

b. How would you define a strict teacher?

A strict teacher is very tough on students. He or she always insists on adhering to

deadlines. A strict teacher dislikes any mistakes or carelessness from students.
Students have to be extra cautious under such a teacher. Strict teacher is like
disciplinarian, who always keep students on their toes. Students who have a very
strict teacher always live under constant deadlines. However, such a teacher fails
to touch the hearts of the students. He or she always remains a teacher and fail to
become a confidante of the students. Students never respect such a teacher. They
accept such a strict teacher only out of compulsion and such stern teachers can
never earn the love of students.



The following question are based on Unit-4. Read the unit carefully and answer
the question/solve the exercises given below

Q.9 Read about “Cause and Effect” (as given on pages 107-112) carefully and
do complete Exercise 4 (given on Page 114):

Answer:-

Causes Effects
The comedy drama Atiqa O was not The producer decided not to make a
successful. sequel.
Due to a very low enrollment. Dr. Hafeez's course will be offered only
once a year.
Freddy's Café at Lahore received Consequently, more people wanted to
glowing reviews. try its recipes.
The tourists misplaced their passports As a result, they had to cancel their trip
to Hunza and Skardu.
The plane was delayed As a result, I had to wait for five hours.
Because the soup was very hot I burned my tongue.
Due to a misunderstanding My job application was turned down.
Since she's very popular singer She is recognized by everyone in her
city.
Because of heavy traffic Ubaid was late for work.
There is shortage of water in the So the people are advised to use water
Country sparingly.


Q.10 Read about “Cause and Effect” (as given on pages 107-112) carefully and
complete Exercise 6 (given on Pages 120-121) by WRITING down two possible
causes for the given effects:

Answer:-

(1) He feels tired today. Why? (Reasons) (Effect)

Cause 1: He has worked too hard.

Cause 2: He hasn't slept well last night.

(2) My car will not start. Why? (Effect)

Cause 1: It has no fuel.

Cause 2: Its power wire is not working.

(3) The lawyers are on strike. Why? (Effect)

Cause 1: They are raising the voice against government system.

Cause 2: They are fighting for their rights.

(4) The children did not go to school. Why? (Effect)

Cause 1: It was raining heavily.

Cause 2: They couldn't find rickshaw for school.

(5) My mother is angry at me. Why? (Effect)

Cause 1: I never eat properly.

Cause 2: I come back late to home at night.

(6) The 'D Watson Pharmacy' is a very successful business operation. Why?
(Effect)
Cause 1: It has big margin of profit.
Cause 2: Medicines have their expiry dates.

(7) The majority of students failed the history test which Professor Siraj gave
yesterday. Why? (Effect)

Cause 1: They did not attend the classes regularly.

Cause 2: The questions were strict for the students.

(8) Flight PK 306 was postponed for six hours. Why? (Effect)

Cause 1: The weather was not suitable for fly.

Cause 2: Some technical problems are found in aero plane.

(9) My best grades are in science courses. Why? (Effect)

Cause 1: I have keen interest in science subjects.

Cause 2: I attend the classes regularly.

(10) More and more forest plant life is being destroyed. Why? (Effect)

Cause 1: The environment becomes so polluted.

Cause 2: The land is mostly using for residential purpose.



Q.11 Read Pages 123-124 carefully and REWRITE the following sentences by
connecting them with appropriate connecting words (because, so, therefore)
using the principles of ‘Cause and Effect’.

a. Shakil works hard. He will succeed.

b. It was raining. He stayed home.
c. Amir wants to be a good cricketer. He practices five hours a day.
d. Metro bus fare is increased. People prefer to use taxis.
e. The boss was not coming. The meeting got cancelled.

Answer:-

a. Shakil works hard, therefore He will succeed.

b. It was raining so he stayed home.
c. Amir wants to be a good cricketer. Because he practices five hours a day.
d. Metro bus fare is increased. Therefore people prefer to use taxis.
e. The boss was not coming So the meeting got cancelled.