Why 3G

Mobile Evolution from 2G to 3G

 Initially there was effort to come up with one 3G standard, but didn’t
happen.
 CDMA2000- Mostly in North America, Japan etc.
 W-CDMA – Europe, Australia, Asia pacific , Most of Africa etc.
What is 3G
 3G doesn’t refer to any specific technology, but is a collection of international
standards and technologies.
What is IMT - 2000
 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) established IMT around the
year 2000, with a purpose to come up with a new framework to develop 3
Generation mobile systems, such that 3G must be compatible with 2G systems
 As there were number of standards and it was difficult to bring them into one
common future standard for 3G, a number of different standards evolved.
 The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized
agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that
concern information and communication technologies.
What is UMTS?
 It stands for Universal mobile terrestrial / telecommunications service
 Speed around 384kbps ; which also made video calling possible.
What are the frequency allocations?
Future mobile telecommunication networks
Major differences between WCDMA (3GPP) & CDMA2000 (3GPP2) standards for
CDMA-based 3G
 Although the CDMA2000 and WCDMA standards were ratified by different
partnership projects (3GPP2 and 3GPP, respectively), they share many of the same
fundamental techniques that were conceived in the late 1980s, commercialized as
cdma One in the mid 1990s, and later enhanced in the family of CDMA2000
standards.
WIMAX
 WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a family
of wireless communication standards based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards.
 The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was
formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the
standard.
 The forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the
delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative
to cable and DSL“.
 Similarly, Wi-Fi refers to interoperable implementations of the IEEE
802.11 Wireless LAN standards certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
 WiMAX is sometimes referred to as "Wi-Fi on steroids" and can be used for a
number of applications including broadband connections, hotspots, etc. It is
similar to Long-range Wi-Fi, but it can enable usage at much greater distances.
WIMAX
 WIMAX for surpasses). the 30meter wireless range of conventional Wi – Fi local
area network ( in most cases 30 -100meter
 WIMAX can provide broadband wireless access upto 50km for fixed stations and
5 -15km for mobile stations.
 It is a wireless communications standard designed to provide 30-40Mbps data
rates with the 2011 update providing up to 1Gbps for fixed stations.
Wi - Fi

 Wi –Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio
waves to provide wireless high speed internet and network connections.
 Wi – Fi Alliance owns the registered trademark, Wi – Fi, and specially defines it
as any “wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE) 802.11 standards”.
 There is misconception in that the term is short for “wireless fidelity”; however it
is simply the trademarked term meaning IEE 802.11x.
4th Generation systems (4G)
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard for high-speed wireless communication
for mobile devices and data terminals, based on
the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies.
 It increases the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core
network improvements.
 The standard is developed by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) and is
specified in its Release 8 document series, with minor enhancements described in
Release 9.
 LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks
and CDMA2000 networks.
 It is a registered trademark owned by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards
Institute) for the wireless data communications technology and a development of the
GSM/UMTS standards.
 The different LTE frequencies and bands used in different countries mean that only
multi-band phones are able to use LTE in all countries where it is supported.
Long-Term Evolution (LTE)
 LTE is commonly marketed as 4G LTE & Advance 4G, but it does not meet the
technical criteria of a 4G wireless service, as specified in the 3GPP Release 8 and 9
document series for LTE Advanced.
 The requirements were originally set forth by the ITU-R organization in the IMT
Advanced specification. However, due to marketing pressures and the significant
advancements that WiMAX, Evolved High Speed Packet Access and LTE bring to
the original 3G technologies, ITU later decided that LTE together with the
aforementioned technologies can be called 4G technologies.
 The LTE Advanced standard formally satisfies the ITU-R requirements to be
considered IMT-Advanced.
 To differentiate LTE Advanced and WiMAX-Advanced from current 4G technologies,
ITU has defined them as "True 4G".
What is VoLTE?
VoLTE stands for voice over Long Term Evolution. It is a digital packet voice service that is
delivered over IP via an LTE access network.
 Voice calls over LTE are recognised as the industry-agreed progression of voice services
across mobile networks, deploying LTE radio access technology.
The implementation of VoLTE offers many benefits, both in terms of cost and
operation
 Provides a more efficient use of spectrum than traditional voice;
 Eliminates the need to have voice on one network and data on another;
 Can be deployed in parallel with video calls over LTE and RCS multimedia
services, including video share, multimedia messaging, chat and file transfer;
 Ensures that video services are fully interoperable across the operator
community, just as voice services are, as demand for video calls grows;
 Increases handset battery life by 40 per cent (compared with VoIP);
 Delivers an unusually clear calling experience; and
 Provides rapid call establishment time.