Structural Dynamic Modeling Techniques & Modal Analysis Methods

[ Mn ] [ Ma ] [ ω2]
[ Kn ] Ö [ Ka ] [Ea]

VECTOR EXPANSION TECHNIQUES

Peter Avitabile
Mechanical Engineering Department
University of Massachusetts Lowell

Modal Vector Expansion 1 Dr. Peter Avitabile

Modal Analysis & Controls Laboratory
 MODAL VECTOR EXPANSION

• Guyan condensation

• Dynamic Condensation

• Improved Reduced System

• System Equivalent Reduction Expansion Process

Modal Vector Expansion 2 Dr. Peter Avitabile

Modal Analysis & Controls Laboratory
 Model Reduction
Many times, it may be necessary to expand
experimental mode shapes for various studies.
Unmeasured dofs may be needed for structural
dynamic modification studies, correlation studies,
model updating, to name a few. Expansion
techniques used are:

• Guyan/Irons condensation
• Dynamic condensation
• Improved Reduced System
• System Equivalent Reduction Expansion Process

Modal Vector Expansion 3 Dr. Peter Avitabile

Modal Analysis & Controls Laboratory
 General Transformation
For all model reduction/expansion techniques,
there is a relationship between the master dof
(adof) and the deleted dof (ddof) which can be
written in general terms as
x a 
{x n }= =[T ]{x a }
x d 
n denotes all FEM dof
a denotes master or tested dof
d denotes deleted or omitted dof

Modal Vector Expansion 4 Dr. Peter Avitabile

Modal Analysis & Controls Laboratory
 General Expansion Form
The general form of the expansion equation is

E a 
[E n ] =   = [T ][E a ]
E d 

XF = full set of dof’s XA = active set of dof’s

Modal Vector Expansion 5 Dr. Peter Avitabile

Modal Analysis & Controls Laboratory
 Expansion Techniques
The different expansion forms are

Guyan [I]
[Ts ]=  =  
[ I]

[t s ] − [K dd ] [K da ]
−1

[I]
Dynamic [Tf ]=   = 
[ I]

[t f ] − [ Bdd ] [Bda ]
−1

[I]  [0] [0]

IRS [Ti ] =  +

[ ][ ][ ]−1
[K a ]
−1 
− [K dd ] [K da ] [0] [K ] −1
dd


M n Ts M a

[Tu ] = [U n ][U a ] [(
[U ] [U ]T [U ] −1[U ]T ) ]
[( ]
g
SEREP = a a a a
T −1
)
[U d ] [U a ] [U a ] [U a ]
T

Notice the [I] in the upper partition for most techniques!

Modal Vector Expansion 6 Dr. Peter Avitabile

Modal Analysis & Controls Laboratory
 Modal Vector Expansion using SEREP
The SEREP transformation matrix can be used to
expand (complete & smooth) the measured
experimental vectors using

E a 
[E n ]= =[Tu ][E a ]
E d 
Ua 
= [U a ] [E a ]
g

U d 

Modal Vector Expansion 7 Dr. Peter Avitabile

Modal Analysis & Controls Laboratory
 Modal Vector Expansion using SEREP
The expansion can be broken down into two parts:

Completion

[E d ]=[U d ][U a ] [E a ]
g

Smoothing

[E'a ]=[U a ][U a ]g [E a ]

Modal Vector Expansion 8 Dr. Peter Avitabile

Modal Analysis & Controls Laboratory