Unit 1, 2 and 3 - Assignment 4.

Writing session
Assignment 4. Writing session

Grupo: 900002A_1

Diana Arévalo Cod: 1.070.970.182

Laura Ávila. Cod:
Leonardo Rodríguez Cod: 1068926416
Lisby Sánchez. Cod: 1106777974
Nathalia Carrillo. Cod:

Tutor: William Mauricio López

Ingles A2

Julio 19 2018

Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD

 GRAMMAR EXPLANATIONS

GRAMMAR Present simple

TOPIC
EXPLANATION It is used to express habits and routines, general facts, repeated actions or
situations, emotions and permanent desires
STRUCTURE • En la tercera persona del singular, el verbo siempre termina en -s:
He wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
• Para las formas negativa e interrogativa, se emplea DOES (= tercera
persona del auxiliar 'DO') + el infinitivo del verbo.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
• Verbos que terminan en -y : en la tercera persona del singular, se cambia la
-y por -ies:
Fly --> flies, cry --> cries
• Excepción: cuando una vocal precede a la -y:
Play --> plays, pray --> prays
• Añadimos -es a los verbos que terminan en:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
He passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
EXAMPLES Afirmative:
• We make our beds every morning
• They play video games in the afternoon
• She Watches television
• He helps with the groceries
• I do my homework everyday at 5:00 p.m

Negative:
• We don´t make our beds every morning
• They don´t play video games in the afternoon
• She doesn´t watch television
• He doesn´t help with the groceries
• I don´t do my homework everyday at 5:00 p.m

GRAMMAR PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

TOPIC
EXPLANATION The progressive or continuous present is a verb tense of the present that is used in
two cases: To describe facts or actions that the subject is doing at the moment of
speaking. To talk about an action or plans that we are going to carry out in the
near future.
STRUCTURE The structure of the progressive present is a combination of two verbs, one is the
verb "to be" and the other is the verb that indicates the action, this ending with
"ing".

Subject + Verb To Be + Verb (ing)

I am runing.
The progressive present also allows expressing a future or an intention, through
the use of the expression to be going to:
We are going to count the votes this afternoon. We are going to count the votes
this afternoon.
_We are going to count the votes this afternoon.
_Are you going to accept the proposal?
_Bruno is not seeing anybody today.
In this way, the use of the progressive present is opposed to the use of the simple
present, which is used:
• for permanent truths
• to express customs
• for announcements
EXAMPLES AFFIRMATIVE
I am (I am learning English)
You are (You are writing a book)
He is (He is walking to school)
She is (She is eating an ice cream)
It is (It is running in the park)
We are (We are having lunch together)
You are (You are drinking juice)
They are (They are listening to the teacher)

INTERROGATIVE
Am I (Am I learning Englis?)
Are You (Are you writing a book?)
Is He (Is He walking to school?)
Is she (Is She eating an ice cream?)
Is It (Is It running in the park?)
Are We (Are We having lunch together?)
Are You (Are You drinking juice?)
Are They (Are They listening to the teacher?)

NEGATIVE
I am not (I am not learning English)
You are not (You are not writing a book)
He is not (He is not walking to school)
She is not (She is not eating an ice cream)
It is not (It is not running in the park)
We are not (We are not having lunch together)
You are not (You are not drinking juice)
 Explanation/Structure/Examples
Grammar topic
The there is/are explains the existence of something concrete ( people or things)
The structure is easy just conjugate the ver To be in the time you want to use.
Example:
There are two children playing in the park.
There is cheese in the fridge.

You should keep in mind that is one for singular and countless things.
Example:
There is some water in the bottle.
There is a dog barking in the park.

While that the there are/ is used in the plural

Example:
There are free hot dog.
There are men running in the streets.

There is/are a short from in which There´s used There´re

Example:
There is/are There´s a cow on the farm
There´re water games at school

There is/are used in denial and in the following question.

In question the verb is placed at the beginning of the sentece.
Example:
Is there water in the fridge?
Are there cookies in the bakery?

And the answer is made in a short way by repeating the same words.
Example:
Is there water in the fridge?
yes, there is water in the fridge

In negation the verb is the one who carries the denial.

Example:
There isn´t water the fridge.
There aren´t dogs in the park.
GRAMMAR TOPIC FREQUENCY ADVERBS

EXPLANATION We use some adverbs frequency for to describe how frequently we

do an activity.
STRUCTURE The structure the frequency adverbs is:
1. An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with
To Be)
Subject + Adverb + main verb
2. An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.
Subject + To Be + Adverb
3. When we use an auxiliary verb the adverb is placed between the
auxiliary and the main verb
Subject +Auxiliary verb + Adverb + main verb

The adverb frequency do not go at the beginning, exception when

using ALWAYS or NEVER to give orders.

% Frequency Adverbs
100 % Always
90% Usually
80% Normally/Generally
70% Often/Frequently
50% Sometimes
30% Occasionally
10% Seldom
5% Hardly ever / Rarely
0% Never

EXAMPLES 1. Subject + Adverb + main verb

· I normally eat meat

· She always drinks water
· He seldom dances in the parties

2. Subject + To Be + Adverb

· They are rarely sad in the morning

· She isnt seldom stressed the Friday in the night
· He is Usually busy on weekdays

3. Subject +Auxiliary verb + Adverb + main verb

· She have always food in your house
· They Will normally works in your garden
· They could occasionally be heard play
Explanation Structure Examples
The Copulative connectors I am a friend of
connectors in It has the function of joining two events. These events do not Pablo and Roman
English: have to be always at the same grammatical level, but one must
Connectors are be subordinate to another. In addition to adding ideas to those
the words or already mentioned in the previous sentence, copulative
expressions connectors can also serve to oppose them, as well as balance
used to them at the level of importance.
combine And: y
different types Not only… but also
of words, Not only… but… as well
phrases, and Both… and
sentences. No sooner… than
They have the Disjunctive connectors , I eat hot dog or
same meaning These serve to give one or several alternatives to the idea pizza
as a proposed by the previous sentence. As in the case of most
conjunction, connectors in English, disjunctive connectors also have their
but they differ employees for denial. In some cases, they also express
in their circumstances, that is, they mention the fact that it can happen if
function. another event is not fulfilled.
Connectors are Or: o
used to Either… or
connect a large Neither… nor
group of Whether… or
words in a Or else
more logical Otherwise
and Conditional connectors
understandable As its name suggests, conditional connectors in English serve
way. to express a condition. They are used to join two ideas so that I play chess in the
one depends on the satisfactory outcome or not of the other. afternoon if I finish
They can express specific cases or more general truths. The my homework first
conditional connectors are used, above all, in the four
conditionals of English.
If/whether
Unless
Provided/providing/as long as In case
Concessive connectors I like to watch
Concessive connectors in English serve to express an objection football in spite of
to the main idea of the phrase. Normally this objection is not play
presented as a negative event to the positive event expressed by
the main phrase. It is important to pay attention to the use of
each of the forms expressed here, because even if they seem to
mean the same, each concessive connector is used in specific
conditions.
Although/though/even though
Even if
Not even if
Despite/in spite of
Regardless of
Conclusive connectors I do not know your
these are used to give conclusion and / or circumstance to the address, therefore, I
event proposed in the main clause. Unlike what happened with can not visit it.
the concessive connectors, in the conclusive connectors, the
biggest problem we can find is in the formality of each of the
connectors. We must pay special attention to the record used at
all times to adapt to the situation.
Therefore
Hence
Thus
So
Consequently
Continuous connectors
These are used to add an event related to the principal. It is also If I study judicious
said that the continuative connectors in English serve to give then i will learn
continuity to the main phrase, that is, to fill the temporary gap fast
after an event explained above.
Then
Moreover/furthermore/besides
In addition to
Not only… but also
What´s more
Parallel that
Adverse connectors
These serve to oppose a difficulty to the situation presented I know your cell
above. These adversative connectors in English may present a phone number, but
specific inconvenience or an alternative to the initial one. As I can not call her
with conclusive connectors, we must also pay more attention to
the record used, since some turn out to be more formal than
others.
But: pero
However
Nonetheless/nevertheless
Yet/even so
Still
Instead
Whereas/while
On the contrary
On the other hand
In other matters
Nor
Notwithstanding
Causal connectors I learn fast because
These are used to give a reason to a fact. In the vast majority of I am very
cases, the main sentence explains an event caused by the result observant
of the secondary sentence. As with many types of connectors,
the causal connectors are also used according to the speaker's
speech record, so you have to be careful not to be too formal or
too vulgar.
Because
Because of
For
Since
As
Due to/owing to
In order to
By means of
For lack of
Comparative connectors Nobody knows
These serve to, as the name suggests, express a degree of quality as me.
equality or difference between two sentences. Many of these
comparative connectors are not based on just one word, but are
formed by two words separated by an adverb or adjective that
establish the quality of differentiation of both sentences.
As
Not as/so…as
As if:/as though
Than
Functional connectors.
These serve to express the cause or purpose of a sentence. The so that I graduated
main prayer expresses a situation normally carried out so that in December I have
the second sentence is possible. Possibly the functional to pass English
connectors are the most difficult types of English connectors to
learn, although they are not at all difficult.
So
So that
So as to
So as not to
In order to
Sequence connectors
First/firstly I first study English
Second/secondly and then French
Next/then
After/afterwards
Finally/eventually
Last but not least
At the same time
Joined
Likewise
Nowadays
Currently/at present/at the present time/now/these days
A long time ago
In ancient times
Not long ago
In former times
Formerly
In the old days
Connectors to give examples I like big men,
For example example hulk
For instance
Such as
Like
Apart from
Connectors to generalize all men are
Mostly mostly dogs
In general
Connectors to clarify I like only one type
That is to say of woman, that is
In other words to say , those with
i.e. (id est) black hair, with
blue eyes
Connectors to emphasize. I definitely like to
as a matter of fact be single
definetely
obviously
above all
actually
indeed
in fact
Connectors to conclude I am tall and
In conclusion corpulent, in short,
To sum up i am attractive
In short
All in all
In brief
On the whole
Positive and negative connectors I don't like Soup
Fortunately Unfortunately
Happily
Unfortunately
Sadly
Connectors to declare certainties
Obviously
Undoubtedly
 ANSWERS TO PRACTICAL EXERCISES

EXERCISE 1: From the picture of the refrigerator. Write 5 complete positive sentences, three
negative sentences and two interrogative sentences using THERE + BE

There Positive Sentences Negative Interrogative

+ BE Sentences Sentences
There's ice cream in There aren’t eggs Are there apples
the refrigerator for the breakfas in
the refrigerator?
There are three bottles there are no beers Is there food for
of orange juice above to watch football breakfast?
to the water jar
There are one jar of There are not
ice cream above to the apples in
nuggets box the refrigerator
There is a bottle of
milk with chocolate
next to the bottle of
milk
There is half a
watermelon and a
paprika on the bottom
of the refrigerated

EXERCICE 2: write corresponding sentences to the images in Present simple tense. Use The
subject according to the pictures

1. He always bathes with water and soap

2. He wears with a White shirt and jean
3. She wakes at the 6 a.m. the Saturday
4. She gets up happy and she looks the portraits
5. She walks outside the house for goes to the
school
6. He breakfasts in the dining room and sees
into the window
7. She washes the dishes in the sink every days
8. He brushes his teeth three times a day
9. She studies and writes in your books of the
college
10. He watches television sitting in his sofa
EXERCISE 3: Describe ten actions of the people in the picture. Use presente progressive in both
positive and negative

• The man in the yellow shoes is playing the

guitar. The man is not singing.
• The dog is watching the food. The dog is not
eating.
• A boy exercising in the park. The child is not
drinking water.
• The girl and the dog are looking at the park.
The girl and the dog are not playing.
• A man with glasses is taking a photo. The
man is not looking at the bird.
• A woman is walking her dog in the park. The
woman is not running.
• A boy flying a kite. The child is not jumping.
• A couple eating in the park. They are not dancing.
• A woman is reading lying down. The woman is not drawing.
• The drone is flying. The drone is not descending.

EXERCISE 4: Answer five questions about you and five about one member from your family. Use
Adverbs of frequency

How often does your father play basketball?

I always play basketball in the afternoon, my father
never plays basketball

How often do you do eat out?, How often does your

mother eat out?
I never like eating out but my mother sometimes eat out

How often do you Visit a friend at Christmas?, How

often does your son visit a friend at Christmas?
I never visits a friend for Christmas - He always visits a friend for Christmas

How often do you play chess?, How often does your daughter play chess?
I often like to play chess on weekends, my daughter never plays chess
How often do you watch the news?, How often does my family watch the news?
My family sometimes watches the news - My family usually watches the news
EXERCISE 5: Construct ten sentences using LINKING WORDS

1. This apartment has three bedrooms. In

addition, it has two bathrooms.
2) Your activity is fine, however, you must add
a little more.
3) Pedro passed the exam, but Luisa did not.
4) Juan reads a book meanwhile Carlos writes.
5) I no longer have much pain, although I still
plan to go to the doctor.
6) I'm going to buy a car this year, in fact, I've
already decided to buy it blue.
7) I'm going on vacation during the
weekend, meanwhile I'll have to work.
8) They all played very well, in conclusion,
they did a good job.
9) The presentation was fantastic, finally everything was excellent.
10) I have to go to the market, at the beginning I will buy the rice

LETTER WITH PICTURES AND THE PARAGRAPHS WITH DIFFERENT COLORS

How are you mother? I am writing to tell you that we are very well, I am sorry for not having
written before, but I have been very busy, living here makes us happy, people are very nice, I
already have a job. It is a very cold city but you know that we like the cold. I will tell you what
the city is like, I will also describe the house in which we live and what we do every day.
I'm living in Bogotá and it's a pretty big place. Transportation is good, but there is a lot of traffic,
the weather is cold. There are many shoppingcenters, there are also places like Simón Bolivar
park, there is a gold museum and there is also a well known place that is Monserrate. People in
the mornings running to their jobs, they are very busy, there are good people, not others. The
food is very good. It is not pleasant in this place on the days when it is raining because it is
colder and you walk through the streets you can see that there is a lot of trash.

In our house, there are four bedrooms, there are two bathrooms in front of the main room, there
is a large living room, there is a large kitchen next to the living room, there is also a large patio,
there is a large window facing the patio , there is a garage on the left side of the house, in each
room there is a bed, in the main there is a large bed between two bedside tables, there is a TV
above a closet, there is also a lamp to the right of the bed In summary, it is a spacious and
beautiful house, in addition to being in front of a park.

I always wake up every day at 4 o'clock, I sometimes make my bed, I go to the bathroom, after
that I take a shower, I brush my teeth, I get dressed, I brush my hair, then I eat my breakfast at 5:
30, I brush my teeth again, I always leave the house at six o'clock, the next thing I do is taking a
bus to go to work, I start working as an assistant at 7 am, I take lunch at 1 a 2 pm, I finish
working at 6 in the afternoon, I eventually have some drinks with my boss or friends after 6 pm,
I go back home around 9 pm, I speak with my wife about how our day was, after that, I watch tv
until 10:30 pm, we give a God thank you for a great day and the health of my family, and
finally, we go always to sleep.