Loads, Building data and Material Properties

Loading: NSCP 2010

Minimum Design Loads

Table 1. Minimum Design Dead Loads

Component Unit Load, KN/m2
Ceillings
Plaster on Tile or Concrete 0.24
Acoustical Fiber Board 0.05
Suspended metal lath and gypsum plaster 0.48
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.20
Covering, Roof and Wall
Asphalt Shingles 0.10
Insultaion (Urethane foam w/ Skin) 0.0009
Insultaion (Polystyrene foam) 0.0004
Water proofing membrane, Bituminous (smooth surface) 0.07
Cement tile Finished 0.77
Floor and Floor Finishes
Ceramic or Quarry Tile (20mm) 0.77
Marble and mortar on stone-concrete 1.58
Lightweight concrete, plain per mm 0.02
Linoleum or Asphaltic tile, 6mm 0.05
Subflooring, 19mm 0.14
Frame Partitions and Walls
Exterior stud walls with brick veneer 2.30
Windows, glass, frame and sash 0.38
Wood studs 2 x 4 in., ( 50 x 100 mm) plastered two sides 0.96
Wood studs 2 x 4 in., ( 5 x 10 mm) unplastered 0.19
Concrete Masonry units (Wall)
Masonry, Normal weight 21.20
Masonry Lightweight solid concrete 16.50

Table 2. Minimum Design Live Loads

Use or Occupancy Unit Load
Category Description KN/m2
Residential
Basic Floor Area 1.90
Bedrooms 2.00
Exterior Balconies 2.90
Decks 1.90
Storage 1.90
Restrooms ---- ---- 2.87
Stairs --- ---- 2.00

Table 3. Special Loads

Use or Occupancy Lateral load
Category Description KN/m2
Balcony Railings & guardrails
Exit Facilites 0.75
Other than exit facilities 0.30
components 1.20
Partitions & interior walls 0.25
Table 4. Minimum Roof Live Loads

Table 5. Minimum Densities for Design Loads

3
Material Density,KN/m
Aluminum 26.70
Cement Board 7.10
Plywood 5.70
Laminated Red Wood (1/2") 28.00
Mortar Cement or lime (2") 20.40

Load Combinations: ASD

1.) D D = Dead Load

2.) D+L L = LiveLoad
3.) D + (Lr or S or R) Lr = Roof Live Load
4.) D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R) R = Rain Load
5.) D + (W or 0.7E) W = Wind Load
6.) D + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R) E = Earthquake Load

Analysis:

Microsoft Excel 2010 and Graphical Rapid Analysis of Structures Program (GRASP) were used
to anlyze basic and complex structures such as Purlins, Trusses, Beams and Girders, Columns,
Trusses. (See Design Aids)

Material Property:

Wood : Bayok

Grade = 63.00 % stress

Fb= 9.94 Mpa

Fc= 5.78 Mpa

Fv = 0.95 Mpa

Es = 3.94 Gpa

G= 0.44 Relative Density

Design Aids

Analysis of Purlins: Where:

Pitch = h/L Ps - Horizontal pressure (Windward & Leeward).
λ - Adjustment factor for building height and
ℎ exposure. A. Analysis by
tan𝜃 = Kz - Velocity exposure coefficient.
𝐿/2 A.1 O
Kzt - Topographic factor.
Wind Load: Kd - Wind directionality factor.
Iw - Importance factor.
Ps9 - Simplified design wind pressure for exposure
Method 1: Ps = λKztIwPs9 B @ h = 9, Iw = 1 (NSCP, fig.207-3).
qz - Velocity pressure @ height z.
V - Wind velocity (Kph)
Method 2: qz = 0.0000473KzKztKdIwV2 Pn - Wind pressure perpendicular to surface.
Mn - Normal Moment.
Simplified ASCE: 𝜃 > 10o Mt - Tangential Moment.
fn - Normal Stress.
ft - Tangential Stress.
Windward: Pn = P(1.3sin𝜃 − 0.5) v - Shearing stress.
lu - Unsupported length.
Ag - Gross Area.
Leeward: Pn = -0.6P (Suction) Ft - Allowable tensile stress.
Fc - Allowable compression stress.
2𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 Fb - Allowable bending stress.
Duchemins Formula: Pn = 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 Fv - Allowable shearing strress.
CD - Load duration Factor.
(See Appendix A) CM - Wet service factor (CM=1,for dry safe factor).
CT - Temperature factor (CT=1,for normal temp.).
CF - Size factor(CF=1,for sawn lumber).
Bending Stress: Ci - insicing factor(Ci=0.8,for incised;Ci=1,for not
incised).
𝑊𝑛𝐿𝑥2 6𝑀𝑛 Cs - Slenderness factor.
Mn = 8
; fn = 𝑏𝑑2 Ck - Support factor.
𝑊𝑡𝐿𝑦2 6𝑀𝑡
Mt = 8
; ft = 𝑏2𝑑

fb = fn + ft < Allowable bending stress (Fb)

Shearing Stress:
3𝑉𝑛
vn =
2𝑏𝑑
3𝑉𝑡
vt = 2𝑏𝑑

fv = 𝑣𝑛 2 + 𝑣𝑡 2 < Allowable shearing stress (Fv)

Deflections:
𝐿
LiveLoad: yall = 360 > yact
𝐿
DeadLoad + LiveLoad: yall = 240 > yact

Analysis of Trusses:

Assumptions:

Tenion Stress:
𝑃
ft = 𝐴𝑛 < F′t ; F't = CDCMCTCFCiFt

Compression Stress:
𝑃
fc = 𝐴𝑔 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑐

Slenderness Factor Adjustments:

Analysis of Beams:

Bending Stress:
6𝑀
fb = 𝑏𝑑2 < F'b

Slenderness Factor Adjustments:

(See Table 7 for value of le)

Size Factor Adjusment: d > 300mm

1
300 9
CF = ; d =depth of Beam in mm
𝑑

fb = fb*CF

Shearing Stress:
3𝑉
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑 < 𝐹𝑣

If notched beams:
3𝑉 𝑑
𝑓𝑣 = 2𝑏𝑑′ 𝑑′
< 𝐹𝑣

Deflections:
𝐿
LiveLoad: yall = > yact
360
𝐿
DeadLoad + LiveLoad: yall = 240 > yact

Analysis for Columns:

Compression Stress:
𝑃
fc = 𝐴𝑔 < 𝐹 ′ 𝑐

Slenderness Factor Adjustments:

(See Table 6 for value of k)

Table 6. Buckling Factors Ke:

Table 7. Effective Length of Beams

Klu = le

Table 8. Load duration factor

NSCP 2010: Wind Loads
Guidelines for Tile Toilet & Bathroom

Subfloor, Floor Joist, and Plumbing pipes

1.) Install Plyboard (3/4"-1") and plumbing pipes.

Waterproofing of wall and floor

2.) Lay down tar paper or plastic on the floor to preserved the wood floor from
sucking to the moisture of the mortar berfore it dries. It is also important to nail down

3.) Mix mortar (Portland cement) and apply about 2" thick properly from the walls to
the drain with fair amount of slope so that water flows out into the drain without
making puddles. Let this dry for about 24 hours.

4.) Put rubber membrane (CPE) to make waterproof seal. Install cement board in wall
properly with 1/4" clearance between the cement board and the membrane. Then
repeat step 3.

Installation of Tiles

5.) Seal or tape the cement board joints in wall with special adhesive netting. Then put
one layer of cement board compound and let it dry for about 24 hours. Install the tiles
using available adhesive cement or mortar properly from walls to the drain.

* You can use alternative material in waterproofing for economy.

Soure: www.google.com
Factored Load used:

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL

Ultimate Shear & Moments:

A. Analysis by The Coefficient Method

A.1 One way slabs & Continuous Beams (ACI CODE Section 408.4.3)
Positive Moment:
End Spans
Discontinuous end unrestrained
wuln2/11
Discontinuous end InteGral with Support
wuln2/14
Interior Spans
Negative Moment:
at exterior face of first interior support
Two spans
wuln2/9
More than two spans
wuln2/10
at other faces of interior supports
wuln2/11
at face of all supports for slabs with spans not exceeding
3 meters; and stiffness to beam stiffness exceeds eight at each
end of the span
wuln2/12
at interior face of exterior supports for members built
integrally with supports:
where support is a spandrel beam
wuln2/24
where support is a column
wuln2/16
Shear:
at face of first interior supports
1.15wuln/2
at face of all other supports
wuln/2
*ln - clear span
A.2 Two way slabs (Design of Concrete Structures,12 ed., Arthur H. Nilson)

Ma = Ca wu Where:
Mb = Cb wu Lb2 Ca, Cb = Tabulated Moment Coefficients
Va = Ca wu wu = uniform factored load
Vb = Cb wu La = Length of clear span in Short direction
Lb = Length of clear span in Long direction
Truss @ Painitan Section,Palao Market,Iligan City Date Prepared:
A. Design of Purlins Checked By:
Purlins - Roof Framing Plan Rating:

Material Property: Model: Truss - T1

Wood = Bayok
s2
Grade = 63.00 % stress Dr , Lr
Fb= 9.94 Mpa W
Fc= 5.78 Mpa h
Fv = 0.95 Mpa
Ew = 3.94 Gpa
Gw = 0.44
L

Assume Section: Spacing (s1) = 1.20 m

b= 75 mm Spacing (s2) = 1.12 m
d= 200 mm height (h) = 3.00 m
Length (L/2) = 8.00 m (consider half-span)
−1 ℎ 20.56 degress
𝜃 = tan =
𝐿

Service Loads:
Dead loads: KN/m3 KN/m2 KN/m
Weight of Purlin 4.32 0.06 𝑊𝑝 = ɣ𝑏ℎ

Asphalt Shingles 0.10 0.11 𝑊𝑚𝑎𝑡′ 𝑙 = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 load x s2

DLtotal 0.18

Live Loads: KN/m3 KN/m2 KN/m

Roof Slope : 20.56 degrees 0.75 0.84 𝑊𝑙 = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 load x s2

LLtotal 0.84

Wind Loads: Method 2

Zone: 2 Wind Pressure :
V = 200 Kph qz = 0.0000473kzkztkdV2Iw = 1.892 Kpa
Kz = 1.00
Kzt = 1.00 Load Windward Leeward
Kd = 1.00 Pn -0.082 0.049 KN/m2
Iw = 1.00 Wn -0.099 0.059 KN/m
*𝑃𝑛 = 𝑃(1.3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛳 − 0.5) , Windward
*𝑃𝑛 = −0.6𝑃 , Leeward

Loading:
Load Combinations Normal (Wn) Tangential (Wt) Condition
1. D 0.166 0.062 ---
2. D + Lr 0.955 0.358 governs
3. D + 0.75Lr + 0.75 W 0.684 0.210 ---

Sectiion:

Along X
Wn = 0.95 KN/m
L= 4.00 m
Lx = 4.00 m

Along Y
Wt = 0.36 KN/m
L= 4.00 m
Ly = 4.00 m
Design Loads:

2
Mn = WnLx /8 = 1.367 KN-m
2
Mt = WnLy /8 = 0.420 KN-m

Check for Bending Stress:

fn = 6Mn/bd2 = 2.734 Mpa

2
ft = 6Mt/b d = 2.242 Mpa
fb = fn + ft = 4.976 Mpa
fb < Fb, Safe!

Check for Shearing Stress:

Vn = WnLx/2 = 1.91 KN
Vt = WtLx/2 = 0.72 KN
vn = 1.5Vn/bd = 0.19 Mpa
vt = 1.5Vt/bd = 0.07 Mpa
𝑓𝑣 = 𝑣𝑛 + 𝑣𝑡 2 =
2 0.20 Mpa
fv < Fv, Safe!

Check for Deflection:

yall = L / 240 = 16.67 mm

4
yact = 5WnL /384EI = 16.16 mm
yact < yall, Safe!

Use:

Purlins: 75 x 200 mm (Bayok lumber)

* Adapt the size of member to other purlins for aesthetic design.

Truss @ Painitan Section,Palao Market,Iligan City Date Prepared:
B. Design of Truss Checked By:
T1 - Roof Framing Plan Rating:

Material Property: Model: Truss - T1

Wood = Bayok
Grade = 63.00 % stress
Fb= 9.94 Mpa
Fc= 5.78 Mpa I
RP D
Fv = 0.95 Mpa
F
Ew = 3.94 Gpa
D
h
Gw = 0.44
B

Assume Section: A
C E J H
For wood : L
Top Chord : 2 pccs
b= 25 mm
d= 200 mm Spacing (s) = 1.20 m
Bottom Chord : 2 pcs height (h) = 3.00 m
b= 25 mm Length (L/2) = 8.00 m
d= 200 mm −1 ℎ 20.56 degress
𝜃 = tan =
𝐿
Web : 1 pcs
b= 25 mm
d= 150 mm
For Steel :
ws = 77.3 KN3
∅s = 16 mm
Fy = 248 Mpa

Service Loads:
Dead loads: KN/m3 KN/m2 KN/m
Weight of Truss 4.32 0.1025 𝑊𝑇 = ɣ𝑏ℎ

(Assumed)
DLtotal 0.10

Live Loads: KN/m3 KN/m2 KN/m

Roof Slope : 20.56 degrees ---- ---- 0.00
LLtotal 0.00

Design Loads:
w = DL = 0.10 KN/m
Loads from Purlins (Rp) = 1.5Vncosθ = 2.68 KN
Analysis: Using Graphical Rapid Analysis of Structures Program (GRASP)

Reaction @ Supports

Member Axial Force :

Design Loads:
Description Member L (mm) Area (mm2) Forces (KN)
Top Chord AB 2670.00 10000 35.4
Bottom Chord JH 2000.00 10000 6.1
Diagonal Web FH 3010.00 3750 7.5
Vertical Web FH 3000.00 201.06 8.6
* Choose Maximum Axial Load (GRASP)
Tensile Stress:

𝑃
𝑓𝑡 = ≤ F′t ; F't = CDCMCTCFCiFt ; Ft = Fb
0.6𝐴𝑛

Compressive Stress:

𝑃
𝑓𝑐 = 𝐴𝑔 ≤ F'c

Slenderness Factor Adjustments:

𝑘𝑙𝑢
case 1: 𝑑
≤ 11 ; F'c = Fc
𝑘𝑙𝑢 4
𝑘𝑙𝑢 𝐸 1
case 2: 11 ≤ 𝑑
≤ 𝐾 ; K = 0.671 𝐹𝑐
; F'c = Fc 1 −3 𝑑
𝐾

𝑘𝑙𝑢 𝐾𝑐𝐸 𝐸 KcE = 0.300 visually graded

case 3: ≥ 𝐾 ; F'c = 𝑘𝑙𝑢 2
𝑑
𝑑 KcE = 0.418 machine stress graded sawn lumber

Design for Truss Member:

Top Chord:

Compressive Stress: Tensile Stress:

k= 1.00 Hinge support CD = 1.25
klu/d = 6.68 Cs ≤ 50, Ok! CM = 1.00
CT= 1.00
𝐸
K = 0.671 = 17.52 CF= 1.00
𝐹𝑐
Ci= 1.00
case 1: klu/d ≤ 11 F't = 12.43 Mpa
ft = 1.77 Mpa
F'c = 5.78 Mpa ft < Ft, Safe!
fc = 1.77 Mpa
fc < F'c, Safe!

Bottom Chord:

Compressive Stress: Tensile Stress:

k= 1.00 Hinge support CD = 1.25
klu/d = 40.00 Cs ≤ 50, Ok! CM = 1.00
CT= 1.00
𝐸
K = 0.671 = 17.52 CF= 1.00
𝐹𝑐
Ci= 1.00
case 3: klu/d ≥ K F't = 12.43 Mpa
ft = 0.31 Mpa
F'c = 0.74 Mpa ft < Ft, Safe!
fc = 0.31 Mpa
fc < F'c, Safe!

Diagonal Web:
Compressive Stress: Tensile Stress:
k= 1.00 Hinge support CD = 1.25
klu/d = 20.07 Cs ≤ 50, Ok! CM = 1.00
CT= 1.00
𝐸
K = 0.671 𝐹𝑐
= 17.52 CF= 1.00
Ci= 1.00
case 3: klu/d ≥ K F't = 12.43 Mpa
ft = 1.00 Mpa
F'c = 2.94 Mpa ft < Ft, Safe!
fc = 2.00 Mpa
fc < F'c, Safe!
Diagonal Web: Steel

Ft = 0.60Fy
Ft = 148.8 Mpa

ft = F/As
ft = 42.77 Mpa
ft < Ft, Safe!
Use:

Top Chord: 2 - 25 x 200 mm (Bayok lumber)

Bottom Chord: 2 - 25 x 200 mm (Bayok lumber)
Diagonal Web: 1 - 25 x 150 mm (Bayok lumber)
Vertical Web: 16 mm∅ Plain Steel bars

16 mm∅ Plain Steel bars

2 - 25 x 200 mm (Bayok lumber)

2 - 25 x 200 mm (Bayok lumber)

1 - 25 x 150 mm (Bayok lumber)

Note: Adapt all sizes of member to other types of truss for aesthetic design.
Truss @ Painitan Section,Palao Market,Iligan City Date Prepared:
C. Design of Truss Joints Checked By:
Joint A - Truss T1 Rating:

Material Property: Model: Anchor Bolts Connections

Wood : Bayok A B
Grade = 63.00 % stress
Fb= 9.94 Mpa
P= 5.78 Mpa
Q= 1.03 Mpa
Fv = 0.95 Mpa
Ew = 3.94 Gpa
Gw = 0.44

Steel :
Ft = 148.80 Mpa
∅s = 16 mm
T= 8.6 KN
θ= 20.56 degrees

Design

Check if Steel is adequate :

ft = T/As
ft = 42.77 Mpa
ft < Ft, Safe!

Compressive Stress @ section AB ( r ) :

Figure:
𝑟 = 𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 +Q𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 , Jacoby's Formula
r= 1.62 Mpa
A B

r r

T
Size of Washer :

Required Net Area : Figure:

An = T/r
An = 5322.34 mm2

Diameter of hole : X
Dn
∅hole = ∅bolt + 2mm
∅hole = 18 mm

Gross Area : X

Ag = An + Ahole
Ag = 5576.80 mm2

2
X = 5576.80 mm2
X= 74.68 mm
say : 80 mm
Thickness of Washer :

Dn = 1.5∅ + 3 Figure:
Dn = 27 mm T1 x1

T1 = T2 = T/2
T1 = T2 = 4.3 KN A B
x1 = Dn/4 x2
x1 = 7 mm
x2 = ∅hole T2
x2 = 18 mm
T
M = T2 (x2) - T1 (x1)
M= 48.375 KN-m

ft = 6M/bd2 , Ft =ft A ∅hole B

2
ft = 6M/bt
∅hole
t= 5.61 mm b= X - ∅hole
say : 6 mm b= 62 mm

Use:

Steel :
Fbs = 124.00 Mpa
∅s = 22 mm

Washer :
t= 6 mm

27 mm 80 mm

80 mm
Truss @ Painitan Section,Palao Market,Iligan City Date Prepared:
D. Design of Truss Joints Checked By:
Joint B - Truss T1 Rating:

Material Property: Model: Splicing Connections @ Bottom Chord

Wood : Bayok
Grade = 63.00 % stress
Fb = 9.94 Mpa
P= 5.78 Mpa
Q= 1.03 Mpa F
F
Fv = 0.95 Mpa
Ew = 3.94 Gpa
Gw = 0.44
F= 6.10 KN
Bolt :
∅b = 12 mm
Group = I
Pb = 8.38 KN
Qb = 4.70 KN

Design
b h
Figure : Main member 50 x 200 mm

3.05 KN

6 KN

3.05 KN

b h
Side Plate 50 x 200 mm
No. of Bolts :
n= F/Pb
n= 0.73 pcs
Say : 12 pcs
No. of rows : 2

Check for Tension :

ft = F/An ,Fb = Ft Ag = bh (main member)

ft = 0.71 Mpa Ag = 10000 mm2
ft < Ft, Safe! Ahole = ∅bolt + 2mm
Ahole = 14 mm2
An = Ag - ∑Ahole
2
An = 8600 mm

Check for Bolt Shear :

Pv = nbolt x Pb
Pv = 100.56 KN
Pv > F, Safe!

Check for Bearing of bolt to main member :

fb = F/(Ap*n) Ap = ∅bolt x t , t = bmain member

2
fb = 0.85 Mpa Ap = 600 mm
fb < P, Safe!
Use :
∅bolt = 12 mm
nbolts = 12 pcs

12-12mm ∅ Bolts

F F
Truss @ Painitan Section,Palao Market,Iligan City Date Prepared:
D. Design of Truss Joints Checked By:
Joint C - Truss T1 Rating:

Material Property: Model: Splicing Connections @ Top Chord

Wood : Bayok
Grade = 63.00 % stress
Fb = 9.94 Mpa
P= 5.78 Mpa
Q= 1.03 Mpa F
F
Fv = 0.95 Mpa
Ew = 3.94 Gpa
Gw = 0.44
F= 35.40 KN
Bolt :
∅b = 16 mm
Group = I
Pb = 10.80 KN
Qb = 5.23 KN

Design
b h
Figure : Main member 50 x 200 mm

17.7 KN

35 KN

17.7 KN

b h
Side Plate 50 x 200 mm
No. of Bolts :
n= F/Pb
n= 3.28 pcs
Say : 8 pcs
No. of rows : 2

Check for Tension :

ft = F/An ,Fb = Ft Ag = bh (main member)

ft = 4.32 Mpa Ag = 10000 mm2
ft < Ft, Safe! Ahole = ∅bolt + 2mm
Ahole = 18 mm2
An = Ag - ∑Ahole
2
An = 8200 mm

Check for Bolt Shear :

Pv = nbolt x Pb
Pv = 86.4 KN
Pv > F, Safe!

Check for Bearing of bolt to main member :

fb = F/(Ap*n) Ap = ∅bolt x t , t = bmain member

2
fb = 5.53 Mpa Ap = 800 mm
fb < P, Safe!
Use :
∅bolt = 16 mm
nbolts = 8 pcs

8-16mm ∅ Bolts

F F
Truss @ Painitan Section,Palao Market,Iligan City Date Prepared:
E. Design of Truss Joints Checked By:
Joint B - Truss T1 Rating:

Material Property: Model: Notching Connections

Wood : Bayok
Grade = 63.00 % stress F
Fb = 9.94 Mpa
P= 5.78 Mpa
Q= 1.03 Mpa
Fv = 0.95 Mpa
Ew = 3.94 Gpa
Gw = 0.44

F= 7.5 KN
θ= 50 degrees

Design
b h
Web member 50 x 150 mm
8 KN

𝑟
𝜃
𝑟
dap = 50 mm

b' h
Bot. Chord 50 x 200 mm

Check if dap is adequate :

Compressive Stress perpendicular to AB : Actual comp. Stress @ AB:

AC = h/sinϴ F1 = Fsinβ
AC = 150/sin(50) F1 = 4.26 KN
AC = 195.81 mm
r= AC/2 fAB = F1/A1
r= 97.91 mm fAB = 0.45 Mpa

α = 0.5asin(dap/r) Check with allowable comp. stress (r ):

α = 0.5asin(50/97.91)
α= 15.36 degrees φ= 90 - α
β= 34.64 degrees φ= 74.64 degrees
𝑃𝑄
AB = cosα(AC) 𝑟=
𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜑 + Q𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 φ
AB = 188.82 mm
A1 = AB*b r= 1.093 Mpa
2
A1 = 9441.06 mm r > fab, Safe!
Compressive Stress perpendicular to BC :

BC = sinα(AC)
BC = 51.851 mm
A2 = BC*b'
2
A2 = 2592.55 mm

Actual comp. Stress @ AB: Check with allowable comp. stress (r ):

F2 = Fcosβ α= 15.36 degrees

F2 = 6.17 KN
𝑃𝑄
𝑟=
𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜑 + Q𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 φ
fBC= F2/A2
fBC = 2.38 Mpa r= 4.368 Mpa
r > fab, Safe!
Percent correction :

%cor. = fBC/r
%cor. = 54.491
corrected dap = 27.25 mm
Try: dap = 50 mm

Use :

Web member 50 x 150 mm

8 KN

dap = 50 mm

Bot. Chord 50 x 200 mm

 Service Loads:
Dead loads: KN/m3 KN/m2 KN/m
Weight of Truss 4.32 0.0000 𝑊𝑇 = ɣ𝑏ℎ
Ceiling 1.0000 (Assumed)
DLtotal 1.00

3 2
Live Loads: KN/m KN/m KN/m
Roof Slope : degrees ---- ---- 0.00
LLtotal 0.00

Design Loads:
w = DL = 1.00 KN/m
Loads from Purlins (Rp) = 1.5Vncosθ
0.83 =
KN

Analysis: Using Graphical Rapid Analysis of Structures Program (GRASP)

Reaction @ Supports:

Member Axial Forces:

Design Loads:
2 4
Description Member L (mm) Area (mm I)nertia (mm F) orces (KN)
Top Chord AB 2150.00 0 0 9.3
Bottom Chord AC 1400.00 0 0 2.7
Web FI 2350.00 0 0 4.7
* Choose Maximum Axial Load (GRASP)

Tensile Stress:
 𝑃
𝑓𝑡 = 0.6𝐴𝑛 ≤ F′t ; F't = CDCMCTCFCiFt ; Ft = Fb

Compressive Stress:

𝑃
𝑓𝑐 = ≤ F'c
𝐴𝑔

Slenderness Factor Adjustments:

𝑘𝑙𝑢
case 1: 𝑑
≤ 11 ; F'c = Fc

𝑘𝑙𝑢 4
𝑘𝑙𝑢 𝐸 1
case 2: 11 ≤ 𝑑
≤ 𝐾 ; K = 0.671 𝐹𝑐
; F'c = Fc 1 −3 𝐾
𝑑

𝑘𝑙𝑢 𝐾𝑐𝐸 𝐸
KcE = 0.300 visually graded
case 3: 𝑑
≥ 𝐾 ; F'c = 𝑘𝑙𝑢 2
K =
𝑑 cE 0.418 machine stress graded sawn lumber

Design for Truss Member:

Top Chord:

Compressive Stress: Tensile Stress:

k= 1.00 Hinge support CD = 1.25 (Refer Table 8.)
klu/d = #DIV/0! #DIV/0! CM = 1.00
CT= 1.00
𝐸
K = 0.671 𝐹𝑐
=
17.52 CF= 1.00 (See Design Aids)
Ci= 1.00
#DIV/0! F't = 12.43 Mpa
ft = #DIV/0! Mpa
F'c = #DIV/0! Mpa #DIV/0!
fc = #DIV/0! Mpa
#DIV/0!

Bottom Chord:

Compressive Stress: Tensile Stress:

k= 1.00 Hinge support CD = 1.25 (Refer Table 8.)
klu/d = #DIV/0! #DIV/0! CM = 1.00
CT= 1.00
𝐸
K = 0.671 𝐹𝑐
=
17.52 CF= 1.00 (See Design Aids)
Ci= 1.00
#DIV/0! F't = 12.43 Mpa
ft = #DIV/0! Mpa
F'c = #DIV/0! Mpa #DIV/0!
fc = #DIV/0! Mpa
#DIV/0!
 Web:

Compressive Stress: Tensile Stress:

k= 1.00 Hinge support CD = 1.25 (Refer Table 8.)
klu/d = #DIV/0! #DIV/0! CM = 1.00
CT= 1.00
𝐸
K = 0.671 =
17.52 CF= 1.00 (See Design Aids)
𝐹𝑐
Ci= 1.00
#DIV/0! F't = 12.43 Mpa
ft = #DIV/0! Mpa
F'c = #DIV/0! Mpa #DIV/0!
fc = #DIV/0! Mpa
#DIV/0!

Use:
Top Chord: - x mm (Bayok lumber)
Bottom Chord: - x mm (Bayok lumber)
Web: - x mm (Bayok lumber)

* Adapt all sizes of member to other types of truss for aesthetic design.
Design
b d
Figure : Main member 100 x 250 mm

#REF! KN

#REF! KN

#REF! KN

b d
Side Plate 50 x 250 mm
No. of Bolts :
n= F/Pb
n= #REF! pcs
 Say : 12 pcs
No. of rows : 3

Check for Tension :

ft = F/An ,Fb = Ft Ag = bd (main member)

2
ft = #REF! Mpa Ag = 25000 mm
#REF! Ahole = ∅bolt + 2mm
Ahole = 24 mm
An = Ag - ∑Ahole
An = 17800 mm2

Check for Bolt Shear :

Pv = nbolt x Pb
Pv = 261.6 KN
#REF!

Check for Bearing of bolt to main member :

fb = F/(Ap*n) Ap = ∅bolt x t , t = bmain member

fb = #REF! Mpa Ap = 2200 mm
#REF!

Use :
∅bolt = 22 mm
nbolts = 12 pcs

Project Title : Long Span Truss Design Date Prepared : Sept - 29 - 2012
Section : Design of Notch Connection Date Submitted :
Subsection : Design of Notch of Connection A Rating :

Structure Data
Web Member Detail:
b= mm
h= mm
ϴ= ◦

NOTE : ϴ is the angle of inclination of the web

member with respect to the horizontal

Chord Member Detail:

bc = mm
hc = mm
Member Properties :
Fc|| = MPa
FcL = MPa

Load
P= kN

Assume depth of Dap :

hd = mm

Analysis
 T= 30 KN
θ= 30 degrees

Bayok

Check if Steel is adequate :

ft = T/As
ft = 543.93 Mpa
ft > Fbs, Not Safe!

Compressive Stress @ section AB ( r ) :

Figure:
2 2
𝑟 = 𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 +Q𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 , Jacoby's Formula
r= 2.22 Mpa

Size of Washer :

Required Net Area : Figure:

An = T/r
2
An = 13528.75 mm
Diamete of hole :

∅hole = 10 mm

Gross Area :

Ag = An + Ahole
2
Ag = 13613.37 mm

X2 = 13613.37 mm2
X = 116.68 mm
say : 120 mm

Thickness of Washer :

Dn = 1.5∅ + 3 Figure:
Dn = 15.57 mm

T1 = T2 = T/2
T1 = T2 = 15 KN
x1 = Dn/4
x1 = 4 mm
x2 = ∅hole
x2 = 10 mm

M = T2 (x2) - T1 (x1)
M = 97.3125 KN-m

2
fbs = 6M/bd , Fbs =fbs ∅hol
2
fbs = 6M/bt

t= 21.07 mm b = X - ∅hole
say : 12 mm b= 110 mm

Use:

Steel :
Fbs = 124.00 Mpa
∅s = 22 mm

Washer :
15.57 mm 120 mm

120 mm

Check if Steel is adequate :

ft = T/As
ft = 80.37 Mpa
ft > Fbs, Not Safe!

Compressive Stress @ section AB ( r ) :

Figure:
2 2
𝑟 = 𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 +Q𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 , Jacoby's Formula
r = #REF! Mpa

Size of Washer :

Required Net Area : Figure:

An = T/r
An = #REF! mm2

Diamete of hole :

∅hole = 24 mm

Gross Area :
 Ag = An + Ahole
Ag = #REF! mm2

X2 = #REF! mm2
X= #REF! mm
say : 120 mm

Thickness of Washer :

Dn = 1.5∅ + 3 Figure:
Dn = 35.7 mm

T1 = T2 = T/2
T1 = T2 = 15 KN
x1 = Dn/4
x1 = 9 mm
x2 = ∅hole
x2 = 24 mm

M = T2 (x2) - T1 (x1)
M = 223.125 KN-m

fbs = 6M/bd2 , Fbs =fbs ∅hol

2
fbs = 6M/bt

t= 25.15 mm b = X - ∅hole
say : 12 mm b= 96 mm

Use:
Sept - 29 - 2012

Steel :
Fbs = 124.00 Mpa
∅s = 22 mm

Washer :

35.7 mm 120 mm
 Group = I

120 mm

Bolt :
∅b = 22
Pb = 21.80
Qb = 7.21
Material Property:

Wood : Bayok

Grade = 63.00 % stress

Fb= 9.94 Mpa

Fc= 5.78 Mpa

Fv = 0.95 Mpa

Es = 3.94 Gpa

G= 0.44 Relative Density

Steel:
Fy = 248.00 Mpa

∅s = 16 mm

Bolts :

Group = I

∅b = 12 mm ∅b = 16 mm

Pb = 8.38 KN Pb = 10.80 KN

Qb = 4.70 KN Qb = 5.23 KN