Page 16

1. What are the ethical problems mentioned in this particua case and what are the probable
causes of these problems?

- failure to meet the objectives establish by corporate management for these measures is not
accepted and usually results in demotion or dismissal of a center manager.

2. Is it all right to do something illegal or unethical to mainta the company's image and
profitability?

- No, because to maintaim the company's image and profitability you need to do the right this
you wanted to do.

3. If you are the CEO of the company, what would you do and why?

- If I'm the company's ceo, I'll do everything to find out what my company's really problem.

Page 17

1. Was the action of Mr. Dy to cancel the contract legally correct and morally justified?

-yeah, that's a delay in getting paid to mister dy, and maybe it's really worth the payment so he
canceled it.

2. Is it appropriate to extend friendship in business transactions? Why or why not? Discuss your
answer

- If your friend is really your business transaction, you still need to let him know if you payment
is delayed, you may not know how slowly he will get angry.

Page 53

1. Differentiate ethics from law. Point out their similarities and striking differences

- Ethics, also described as moral philosophy, is a system of moral principles which is concerned
with what is good for individuals and society. Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are
enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. ... However, there are many distinctions
between ethics and laws.

2. How is ethics different from religion?

-Religion: "A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that
relate humanity to an order of existence." Ethics: "Ethics (also moral philosophy) is the branch
of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and
wrong conduct."

3. Differentiate ethics from etiquette.

-Ethics and Etiquette are two concepts that govern the behavior of human beings. ... Ethics refer
to a set of moral principles that relates to the difference between good and bad. Etiquette is a
customary code which indicates the proper and polite way to behave in society.

4. Explain the phrase: "The rules of etiquette are nonmoral in character but the violations of
these rules on etiquette can have moral implications."

-nonmoral in character and are meant to serve as guidelines for socially acceptable behavior
Violations of etiquette can sometimes have moral implications Strict observance of rules can
sometimes conceal serious moral issues

5. What is the difference between ethics and morality?

- “Ethics” comes from the ancient Greek word “ethikos,”derived from “ethos,” which means
custom or habit. The Roman politician, lawyer and bon vivant Cicero coined the term “moralis”
as a Latin equivalent of “ethikos.” Historically, then, the roots of the words “ethics” and
“morality” meant the same thing. One was a translation of the other.

6. How is ethics related to economics?

-Ethics is a way of thinking about how we should or should not behave as humans in society and
about what individuals and society owe each other. Economics is a science that studies the
allocation of scarce resources. Typically this is money and how money is used. But it can also be
time, effort, anything that's scarce.

7. What is the difference between Ethics and the Professional Code of Conduct?

-The terms “Code of Ethics” and “Code of Conduct” are often mistakenly used interchangeably.
They are, in fact, two unique documents. Codes of ethics, which govern decision-making, and
codes of conduct, which govern actions, represent two common ways that companies self-
regulate.

Page 54

1.If you were Yvonne Pillar, will you obey your boss? Why or why not?
- no, I will definitely not obey my boss, It is illegal and against the lawto manipulate the
companies profit. If the company fired me I'll accept it rather thanused by the company to do
illegal. It may also found out by the BIR and can cause mylicensed as a CPA to be revoked.

2. Are you morally obligated to follow an order that is illegal?

- There is no morally obligation in doing illegal things and since it's illegalit must not be
tollerated.

3. Explain the moral implications of the military slogan: "Obey first before youcomplain."

-The word itself says that we need to obey every word and every command that ourhigher
officials, if we continue to follow command we gain their trust, and respectto them, it also gain
us good relationship with them.

Page 118

1. Do you agree with machiavelli that the end justifies the means?

- I totally agree with you when you say that the end does justify the means when it is for a
greater good. There are many times when you are in danger and you must take the dishonest
path to save yourself and others if the case may be. Folk tales that have been told for countless
generations also consist of the hero using deception to get his way through obstacles they face
in the stories. If the same deceptive act was committed by a felon, opinions are formulated.
Mainly hate. No one likes it when the villain is winning. That's why they are the antagonist after
all. What I mean to say is, it depends who's looking at the end, what the means were, and were
they at a degree of respectability. Your argument of different cultures value or look at things
differently also strikes me as a good expression.

2. Discuss briefly the moral positivism of thomas hobbes. Make possitive laws as norms of
morality?

-He is considered to be a supporter of natural law or a positivistic, depending which of the

threads of his work is closely considered or particularly exposed.

3. Differentiate an egoist. Point out their similarities and striking differences.

- "Egotism" is an inflated sense of one's importance; it's being conceited or vain. The egotist
feels superior to others physically, intellectually or in some other way. "Egoism" is a
preoccupation with oneself, but not necessarily feeling superior to others.

4. Discuss briefy Kant's Moral Rationalism. Cite three possible cantibutions of Kant'e ethical
philosophy in the management of organizations .
-In Kant's view, the sole feature that gives an action moral worth is not the outcome that is
achieved ... The Rationalists attempted to use a priori reasoning to build the necessary bridge.

5. Discuss briefly the concept of a good act in Utilitarianism.

-Act utilitarianism beliefs that an action becomes morally right when it produces the greatest
good for the greatest number of people, while Rule utilitarianism beliefs that the moral
correctness of an action depends on the correctness of the rules that allows it to achieve the
greatest good.

6. Differentiate the Utlitarian perspectives or philosophies of Bentham and Stuart Mil In what
aspect or area do these two philosophers differ?

-Bentham considered only quantity of pleasure, but Mill considered both quantity and quality of
pleasure.

7. Discuss Aristotile's principle of the Golden Mean. How can this principle be used by
businessmen?

-the golden mean. Moral behavior is the mean between two extremes - at one end is excess, at
the other deficiency. Find a moderate position between those two extremes, and you will be
acting morally. Immanuel Kant - the categorical imperative.

8. Why is Plato called an "idealist philosopher"?

-because of his 'theory of the forms', better translated as 'thought forms' or 'ideas.' ... The
planets ['wandering bodies'] participate more fully in the ideas because they are spherical [and
spherical in their orbits, or at least elliptical], and thus their centers are equidistant.

9. Why is Aristotle called a realist philosopher?

-He was quite the philosopher and he, basically set up the realist approach to the world we now
have.

10. Discuss Ayn Rand's philosophy of rational self-interest Cite instances of its possible
applications to business?

- This is why the Objectivist ethics is a morality of rational self-interest—or of rational

selfishness. ... The term “interests” is a wide abstraction that covers the entire field of ethics. It
includes the issues of: man's values, his desires, his goals and their actual achievement in
reality.
Page 162

1.Is the action of Jeffrey Jacob considered sexual harassment? If so, what type of sexual
harassment?

-Yes. This is a Hostile Environment Sexual Type of harassment which occurs when a co-worker or
supervisor in the workplace makes sexual advances or comments to an employee that,while not
affecting promotions or the future of the employee's job makes the working environment of the
employee offensive and hostile.

2.What appropriate actions should Bernadette do in order to prove that the incident happened?

-Bernadette should make sure to write down the details of the incident, possible witnesses, and
gather any physical evidence that could help her claim. Besides there are many employees have
noticed Jeffrey’s personal attachment and close professional interaction with female employees
of the company.

3.State the implications of sexual harassment to Bernadette and to organization?

-Bernadette can have a phobia because of what happen to her, and it cause damage to her and
to the company, she will not focusing to what her doing, bacause she might be think that her
boss impolite her again.

Page 215

1. Explain why quid pro quo sexual harassment is illegal and immoral?

-the type of harassment that occurs when some type of employment benefit is made contingent
on sexual favors in some capacity. For example, this might be a supervisor offering a promotion
if an employee will meet his or her sexual demands.

2. Is subliminal advertisement moral or immoral? Explain your answer

-Subliminal advertising conveys hidden messages of which viewers are not consciously aware.
This ad strategy poses serious ethical issues, particularly because subliminal ads can manipulate
consumer behavior even when consumers aren't making a conscious choice and aren't aware of
what they've seen.

3. Cite and enumerate other forms of sexual harassment that are common in the workplace

-Lewd Jokes, Physical touch, Quid pro quo,

4. Differentiate lying from making a false statement.

-A false statement need not be a lie. A lie is a statement that is known to be untrue and is used
to mislead. A false statement is a statement that is untrue but not necessarily told to mislead, as
a statement given by someone who does not know it is untrue.

5. Why is caveat emptor considered unethical?

-Caveat Emptor in and of itself is not unethical. It is good advice whenever a person purchases
anything. Being aware of the fitness, quality, and circumstances of a purchase is just good sense.

6. Cite some ethical issues related to workplace romance.

-Workplace romance exists when two people working for the same organisation engage in a
sexual relationship. ... At face value, such relationships may look innocent and harmless, but in
reality they are a source of ethical problems in the workplace, including disappointments and
frustrations for the individuals involved.

7. Enumerate the conditions for a labor strike to be considered moral?

-It is not regarded as immoral to negotiate a sale or purchase; employment is the purchase of
labour/work. The ONLY negotiating power held by the worker is withdrawal of labour; the only
effective withdrawal is total - an employer can play one employee off against another
otherwise.Only if there are more jobs than workers does the employee have individual leverage,
and that has not been the case for many years.

8. Differentiate bribery from giving?

- Bribery is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of
any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in charge of a public or
legal duty.

9. What is your definitionof wage?

If your job pays a good wage, it means that you earn a lot of money for the hard work you do. ...
But when you wage something, you carry it out: for example, a warmonger is someone whose
primary goal is to wage wars. of fair wage?

10. Discuss why money laundering is illegal and immoral.

-money laundering involves hiding, moving, and investing the proceeds of criminal conduct.
Even legal money can become illegal, for example, if moving it violates a country's foreign-
exchange controls or other financial regulations. ... Failure to do so renders the exported money
illegal.
11. What are the conditions for a whistleblowing to be considered moral?

- Most ethicists agree whistleblowing is an ethical action. According to the “standard theory” on
whistleblowing, whistleblowing is morally required when it is required at all; people have a
moral obligation to prevent serious harm to others if they can do so with little costs to
themselves.

12. Which type of selling will you recommend-pyramid or MLM?

- Amway stresses that the main difference between a legitimate MLM business model and a
pyramid scheme is that a legitimate MLM is focused on selling products, not recruiting more
salespeople. In a legitimate MLM, it should be possible to make money by simply selling
products directly to customers.

13. Cite some negative effects of the Multilevel Marketing.

-The negative sides to network marketing are that people are not "qualified" first before joining.
What I mean by that is that people in the business recruit people they think will be true
business partners, be coachable and trainable. When the truth is that a lot of people don't
want to be trained, are not coachable and don't want a m-entor to guide them into success.

14. Differentiate between a monopoly and an oligopoly.

-A monopoly contains a single firm that produces goods with no close substitute, while an
oligopoly market has a small number of relatively large firms that produce similar but slightly
different products. In both cases, there are significant barriers to entry for other enterprises

15. Whatis a subliminal advertisement? Give some examples ofthis Why? type of
advertisement. Do you think this type of advertisement is immoral? Explain your answer

-Advertisers often try to create an association between a product and happiness, better health
or more financial stability. However, true subliminal advertising attempts to create an
association that the consumer doesn't notice. For example, an advertiser might insert a single
frame into a cartoon that contains a message or could use an image that triggers sexual
thoughts without the consumer being consciously aware of such thoughts. It is extremely
difficult to prove that an advertiser has used subliminal ads, because consumers aren't
consciously aware that the ad is affecting their behavior.

Page 131

1.what is the ethical issue in the case?

-The laws are minimum requirement that one has to follow. Here the compnay is even not
following the law of the land.

2. If you are the president if Asarco Company, what would you do and why?

-I would give the company profit 30% to the poor,20% to my co-workers and 50% to the
company.

3. discuss the ethical implications of the case using the theory and principle?

Page 232

1. What is ethical delimma that Mr. Santos, the company president, is facing?

-The ethical dilemma or moral dilemma that Mr. David Santos, the president of Silverstar
Chemical Company, is facing is the two distinct choices. One of the choices is to treat the
substance to neutralize its potentially injurious effects and then transport it to a legal dumpsite
bearing in mind the company's operating costs might go to a level that might make the firm
uncompetitive. The other choice is to still falsify that the there is no proof that the waste have
cance-causing materials and there are only few fishing villages within a hundred kilometers
downriver bearing in mind the health of other people. In other words, what would he do?
Would he treat it to save others' ives or continue it to save company's employment and town's
economy?

2. Why is environmental pollution a moral issue?

- 2. Environmental pollution is a moral issue because there are a lot of persons, issues, and
things to deem. You need to consider if you are doing the right thing or the wrong thing not only
for the environment but also to others. For example, a fisherman uses dynamites to capture
more fishes. Obviously, this can cause water pollution. First, he needs to consider the human
beings who will eat them because we all know that fishes that were caught using dynamites
could cause some health problem to us. Second, he needs to think about the environmental
issues that we are facing. Lastly, he needs to think the other animals that can die. So, the people
doing activities that can cause pollution need to mull over if they are causing too much harm to
the environment.

3.if you were the president, what would you do? And why?

- If Iwere the president, I would choose to treat the substance even if my company will lose its
competitive advantage. It is because if I would still be the president of a very good company.

4. Cite three other ethical issues that we can find in this case?
- The fulfillment of the social responsibility resolution of the pollution that is dangerous to the
health of well being If Mr. Santos would choose treat it. how will recuperate competitive
advantage without doing its bad activities again.

Page 270

1. Why are values important for man?

-Our values are important because they help us to grow and develop. They help us to create the
future we want to experience. Every individual and every organisation is involved in making
hundreds of decisions every day.

2. Differentiate virtue from vice.

- Virtue is the mean between two extremes. ... The difference between vice and virtue could be
seen in the definitions. Vice in simple term means bad habits while virtue means good things or
good conduct.

3. Discuss the relationship between values and virtues.

- If values are the goal, virtues are the way to get there. A virtue is a characteristic of a person
which supports individual moral excellence and collective well being. Such characteristics are
valued as a principle and recognised as a good way to be. Virtues are innate good qualities or
morals within people.

4. What is the role of moral values in business ethics?

- moral conclusions based on rules, standards, code of ethics and models that help guide
decisions. ... Business ethics, more specifically, deals with the creation and application of moral
standards in the business environment. Morals are judgments, standards and rules of good
conduct in the society.

5. What are the common filipino values that are practiced in the business and corporate world?

- The Filipino value system or Filipino values refer to the set of values or the value system that a
majority of the Filipinos have historically held important in their lives.

6. Cite some filipino values that have become disadvantageous to the filipino culture.

- refers to the behavior of preventing someone from achieving something due to jealousy
or envy. Instead of praising or rendering assistance, someone with crab mentality would think
“if I can’t have it, then you can’t as well” and will purposely try to bring his/her victim down.
And just like the crabs who could have escaped from the bucket if they only stopped pulling
each other down, nothing ever gets accomplished.
Good Governance and
Corporate Social
Responsibility

By: Clarisse Villegas