The Mathematical Association of Victoria

SPECIALIST MATHEMATICS 2012

Trial Written Examination 1 - SOLUTIONS

Question 1

Solution 1: Take the upwards direction as positive.

Data: u = 20 m/s
a = − g m/s2
s = −60 m Correct data [M1]
t =?

1
Substitute the above data into s = ut + at 2 :
2
1 2
− 60 = 20t − gt [M1]
2

⇒ −120 = 40t − gt 2

⇒ gt 2 − 40t − 120 = 0

where b = −40 and c = −120 .

Total 2 marks

Solution 2: Take the downwards direction as positive.

Data: u = −20 m/s

a = g m/s2
s = 60 m Correct data [M1]
t =?

1 2
Substitute the above data into s = ut + at :
2

1 2
60 = −20t + gt [M1]
2

⇒ 120 = −40t + gt 2

⇒ gt 2 − 40t − 120 = 0

where b = −40 and c = −120 .

Total 2 marks
©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012
2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

Question 2

a.
Normal reaction force R.
Weight force W = 11g .
Friction force.
Pulling force of 20 Newton acting in a direction 30 degrees to the horizontal.

R
20

0
30
Friction

W = 11g
All forces labeled [A1]

Do NOT deduct 1 mark if the friction force is labeled as µR . This (incorrect) assumption gets penalised in part b.

b.
Despite knowing that µ = 0.2 it is NOT known whether or not the object is on the point of sliding. Therefore the
friction force CANNOT be assumed to be equal to µR .

 3
Horizontal component of pulling force: 20 cos(30 0 ) = 20  = 10 3 .
 [M1]
 2 

Fnet = ma = 0 
Net force in horizontal direction:  ⇒ 0 = Friction − 10 3
Fnet = Friction − 10 3 
⇒ Friction = 10 3 . [A1]

Total 3 marks

NOTE:

This answer is consistent with 0 ≤ Friction = µR and shows that the object is not on the point of sliding:
1
Vertical component of pulling force: 20 sin(30 0 ) = 20  = 10 .
2

Fnet = ma = 0 
Net force in vertical direction:  ⇒ 0 = R + 10 − 11g
Fnet = R + 10 − 11g 
⇒ R = 11g − 10

⇒ µR = 0.2(11g − 10) = 2.2 g − 2 > 10 3 .

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 2
2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

Question 3

a.
 2 
Let y = tan −1   .
 x +1 
2
Chain rule: Let u = ⇒ y = tan −1 (u ) .
x +1

dy dy du 1  1 
= × = ×  − 
 [M1]
dx du dx 1 + u  ( x + 1) 3 / 2
2


1  1 
= ×  − 

 ( x + 1)
4 3/ 2
1+ 
x +1

x +1  1 
= ×− 
x + 5  ( x + 1) 3 / 2 


1  1 
= ×  − 

x + 5  ( x + 1)1 / 2 

−1
= [A1]
( x + 5)( x + 1)1 / 2

1
where a = −1 , b = 5 and c = .
2

b.
 2  π
tan −1   =
 x +1  3

2
⇒ = 3
x +1

4
⇒ =3
x +1

1
⇒x= . [A1]
3

Total 3 marks

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 3

2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

Question 4
a.
w3 + 4 − i4 3 = 0

⇒ w 3 = −4 + i 4 3 .

Therefore the required numbers are the cube roots of − 4 + i 4 3 .

 2π 
Polar form: −4 + i 4 3 =8cis   [M1]
 3 

 2π 
= 8cis  + 2nπ  where n ∈ Z .
 3 

w rcis(θ ) ⇒ w=
Let = 3
r 3cis(3θ ) .

 2π 
cis(3θ ) 8cis 
Therefore r 3= + 2nπ  .
 3 

Equate modulus and argument:

r3 = 8 ⇒ r = 2 .

2π 2π 2nπ
3θ = + 2nπ ⇒ θ = + .
3 9 3

 2π 
n = 0: w = 2cis  . [A1]
 9 

 8π 
n = 1: w = 2cis   .
 9 

 −4π 
n = −1 : w = 2cis  . Both of the remaining values of w [A1]
 9 

b.
u 3 = −4 − i 4 3

⇒ u 3 = −4 + i 4 3
3
⇒ u = −4 + i 4 3 .

Therefore u = w ⇒ u = w :

 −2π   −8π   4π 
u = 2cis   , 2cis   , w = 2cis  .
 9   9   9 
Complex conjugate of answers to part a. [A1]
Total 4 marks
©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 4
2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

Question 5

dr
t
= 2sin   i + cos(t ) j + 2t k
~
dt  2 ~ ~ ~

t
=
⇒r
~
∫ 2sin  2  ~i + cos(t ) ~j+ 2t k~ dt

t
=
−4cos   i + sin(t ) j + t 2 k + C . [M1]
 2 ~ ~ ~ ~

Substitute r = − i − j+ k at t = π :
~ ~ ~ ~

π 
− i − j+ k =−4cos   i + sin(π ) j + π 2 k + C
~ ~ ~  2 ~ ~ ~ ~

k π 2 k+ C
⇒ − i − j+=
~ ~ ~ ~ ~

⇒ C = − i − j+ (1 − π 2 ) k .
~ ~ ~ ~

Therefore:

t
r =−4cos   i + sin(t ) j + t 2 k + (− i − j + (1 − π 2 ) k)
 t 
( )
=  − 4 cos  − 1 i + (sin(t ) − 1) j+ t 2 + 1 − π 2 k . [M1]
~  2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~   2 ~ ~ ~

3π
Substitute t = :
2

  3π    3π   9π 2 
r =  − 4 cos  − 1 i + (sin   − 1) j+  +1− π 2 k
~   4  ~  4  
~  4
~


 4   1   5π 2   2 − 2   5π 2 + 4 
=  − 1 i +  − 1 j+  + 1 k = (2 2 − 1) i +   j+ 
~ 
k . [A1]
 2 ~  2 ~  4  ~ 2 4 ~
 ~
   
Total 3 marks

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 5

2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

Question 6

a.
3π  x −1 −1  1  3π
f ( x) = − cos −1   = − cos  ( x − 1)  + .
4  2  2  4

The graph of y = cos −1 ( x) is dilated from the y-axis by a factor of 2, translated along the x-axis by 1 unit, reflected
3π
in the x-axis and translated along the y-axis by units:
4

y
π

3π  3π 
4  3, 
 4 
π
2
π
 π  4  π
 0,  1, 
 12   4
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 x
 −π 
 − 1,  π (1 − 2 , 0)
 4  –
4
π
–
2

3π  x −1
x-intercept: 0= − cos −1  
4  2 

3π  x −1
⇒ = cos −1  
4  2 

−1 x −1
⇒ =
2 2

⇒ x = 1− 2 . [A1]

3π  − 1  3π 2π π
y-intercept: y= − cos −1   = − = . [A 12 ]
4  2  4 3 12
Endpoints [A 12 ]

Shape [A 12 ]

Inflection point [A 12 ]

Marks totaled and rounded down.

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 6

2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

b. i.
b

∫
V = π x 2 dy .
a
3π 3π π π
x = 1: y= − cos −1 (0) = − = .
4 4 2 4

3π  1  3π π π
x = 1+ 2 : y = − cos −1   = − = .
4  2 4 4 2
Both values of y [M1]

3π  x −1 3π  x −1  3π  x −1
y= − cos −1  ⇒ − y = cos −1   ⇒ cos − y =
4  2  4  2   4  2

 3π 
⇒ x = 2 cos − y  +1.
 4 

π /2

∫
2
  3π  
Therefore: V = π  2 cos − y  + 1 dy . [A1]
  4  
π /4

b. ii.
Solution 1:

3π
Substitute u = − y:
4

π /4 π /2

V = −π
∫ (2 cos(u) + 1) du = π ∫ (2 cos(u) + 1) du .
2 2
[M1]
π /2 π /4

Expand:

π /2

V =π
π /4
∫ 4 cos(u) 2
+ 4 cos(u ) + 1 du

π /2 π /2

=π
∫ 4 cos (u) du + π ∫ 4 cos(u) + 1 du
π /4
2

π /4

π /2 π /2

=π
∫ 2 cos(2u) + 2 du + π ∫ 4 cos(u) + 1 du
π /4 π /4
[M1]

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 7

2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

π /2

=π
∫ 2 cos(2u) + 3 + 4 cos(u) du
π /4

= π [sin( 2u ) + 3u + 4 sin(u )]π / 4

π /2
[M1]

 3π   3π 
= π  0 + + 4  − 1 + + 2 2 
 2   4 

 3π  12 + 3π − 8 2 
= π  + 3 − 2 2 = π   cubic units. [A1]
 4   4 

Total 9 marks

Solution 2:

 3π    3π   3π 
Substitute cos − y  = cos −  y −   = cos y − :
 4    4   4 

π /2

∫
2
  3π  
V =π  2 cos y −  + 1 dy .
  4  
π /4

3π
Substitute u = y − :
4

−π / 4

V =π ∫ (2 cos(u) + 1) du .
2
[M1]
−π / 2

Expand:

−π / 4

V =π ∫ 4 cos(u) + 4 cos(u ) + 1 du
2

−π / 2

−π / 4 −π / 4

=π ∫ 4 cos (u) du + π ∫ 4 cos(u) + 1 du

2

−π / 2 −π / 2

−π / 4 −π / 4

=π ∫ 2 cos(2u) + 2 du + π ∫ 4 cos(u) + 1 du
−π / 2 −π / 2
[M1]

where the first integral follows from using 4cos 2 (u ) = 2cos(2u ) + 2

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 8

2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

−π / 4

=π ∫ 2 cos(2u) + 3 + 4 cos(u) du
−π / 2

= π [sin( 2u ) + 3u + 4 sin(u )]−π / 2

−π / 4
[M1]

 3π   3π 
= π  − 1 − − 2 2  − 0 − − 4 
 4   2 

 3π  12 + 3π − 8 2 
= π  + 3 − 2 2 = π   cubic units. [A1]
 4   4 

Total 9 marks

Question 7

Vertical asymptote at x = −1 : (−1) 2 + 2a (−1) + b = 0 ⇒ 2a − b = 1 . …. (1) [M1]

1  1
Range of (−∞, 0) ∪  , + ∞  ⇒ y-coordinate of the turning point is y = .
4  4

The x-coordinate of the turning point of the reciprocal quadratic function graph is the same as the x-coordinate of
the turning point of g ( x) = x 2 + 2ax + b :

x = −a .

a a
Therefore the y-coordinate of the turning point is y = = : [M1]
( − a ) + 2a ( − a ) + b b − a 2
2

1 a
= ⇒ b − a 2 = 4a . …. (2) [M1]
4 b − a2

Solve equations (1) and (2) simultaneously for a and b. Substitute equation (1) into equation (2):

2a − 1 − a 2 = 4a

⇒ a 2 + 2a + 1 = 0

⇒ (a + 1) 2 = 0

⇒ a = −1 .

Substitute a = −1 into equation (1): b = −3 .

Therefore a = −1 and b = −3 . [A1]

Total 4 marks
©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 9
2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

Question 8

Solution 1:

− i + 2 j+ k = α (2m i − j+ 3 k ) + β (5m i − 11 j+ 5 k ) where α , β ∈ R

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

= (2mα + 5mβ ) i + (−α − 11β ) j+ (3α + 5β ) k . [M1]

~ ~ ~

Equate components:

i -component: − 1 = 2mα + 5mβ …. (1)

~

j -component: 2 = −α − 11β …. (2)

~

k -component: 1 = 3α + 5β …. (3)
~

Solve equation (2) and equation (3) simultaneously for α and β :

3 1
α= and β = . [M1]
4 4

Substitute into equation (1) and solve for m:

m = −4 . [A1]

Total 3 marks

Solution 2:

2m i − j+ 3 k = µ (− i + 2 j+ k ) + λ (5m i − 11 j+ 5 k ) where µ , λ ∈ R
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

= (− µ + 5mλ ) i + (2µ − 11λ ) j+ ( µ + 5λ ) k . [M1]

~ ~ ~

4 1
µ= and λ = . [M1]
3 3
m = −4 . [A1]

Total 3 marks

Solution 3:

5m i − 11 j+ 5 k = γ (− i + 2 j+ k ) + δ (2m i − j+ 3 k ) where γ , δ ∈ R
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

= (−γ + 2mδ ) i + (2γ − δ ) j+ (γ + 3δ ) k . [M1]

~ ~ ~

γ = −4 and δ = 3 . [M1]
m = −4 . [A1]

Total 3 marks

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 10

2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

Question 9

a.
Solution 1:

dv 1
a=v = [M1]
dx v + 3

dv 1
⇒ =
dx v(v + 3)

dx
⇒ = v(v + 3) = v 2 + 3v
dv

∫
⇒ x = v 2 + 3v dv

1 3
= v3 + v 2 + C . [M1]
3 2

Substitute v = 0 and x = 0 when t = 0 : C = 0 .

1 3
Therefore x = v 3 + v 2 .
3 2

Substitute v = 1 :

1 3 11
x= + = . [A1]
3 2 6

Solution 2:
1 2
From part b. t = v + 3v . Substitute v = 1 :
2
7
t= . [M1]
2

From part b.: v = −3 + 9 + 2t

dx
⇒ = −3 + 9 + 2t
dt

∫
⇒ x = − 3 + 9 + 2t dt

1
⇒ x = −3t + (9 + 2t ) 3 / 2 + C . [M1]
3

Substitute x = 0 when t = 0 : 0 = 9 + C ⇒ C = −9 .

1
Therefore x = −3t + (9 + 2t ) 3 / 2 − 9 .
3

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 11

2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

7
Substitute t = :
2

− 21 1 − 21 64
x= + (16) 3 / 2 − 9 = + −9
2 3 2 3

11
= . [A1]
6

b.
dv 1
a= =
dt v + 3

dt
= v+3 [M1]
dv

∫
⇒ t = v + 3 dv

1 2
= v + 3v + K .
2

Substitute v = 0 when t = 0 : K = 0 .

1 2
Therefore t = v + 3v . [M1]
2

Re-arrange into standard quadratic equation form:

v 2 + 6v − 2t = 0 .

Solve for v:

− 6 ± 6 2 − 4(1)(−2t ) − 6 ± 36 + 8t
v= = = −3 ± 9 + 2t .
2 2
But v = 0 when t = 0 and so the negative root solution is rejected. Expression for v and reason for
rejection of negative root solution [M1]

Therefore v = −3 + 9 + 2t where b = 9 .

Total 6 marks

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 12

2012 MAV Specialist Mathematics Exam 1- SOLUTIONS

Question 10

Solution 1:
−1
Let y = f ( x) . Then x = ye y .
Substitute x = e : e = ye y

⇒ y = 1 (by inspection). x = ye y and y = 1 [M1]

Implicit differentiation: x = ye y

dy y dy
⇒1= e + ye y . [M1]
dx dx

dy dy
Substitute y = 1 : 1= e+e
dx dx

dy 1
⇒ = .
dx 2e

Therefore mnormal = −2e . [A1]

Total 3 marks

Solution 2:
−1
Let y = f ( x) . Then x = ye y .
Substitute x = e : e = ye y

⇒ y = 1 (by inspection). x = ye y and y = 1 [M1]

Differentiate: x = ye y

dx
⇒ = e y + ye y
dy

dy 1
⇒ = y . [M1]
dx e + ye y

dy 1
Substitute y = 1 : = .
dx 2e

Therefore mnormal = −2e . [A1]

Total 3 marks

©The Mathematical Association of Victoria, 2012 Page 13