GOVERNMENT PROPERTY NOT FOR SALE ALLOTTED TO Distict/ School: Division Fird Year of Use: Source of Fund (Year included):‘Technology & Livelihood Education - Grade 10 ‘Agiicultwal Crop Production Firat Eaton, 2014 sens Republic Act £293, section 176 states that: No copyrght shal sutelst in any work 6! me Goverment oi me Philgones. Hower, prot approvd of tne gvammant agoncy er flce wharein the wot is created shal bo necessary or expotaton d such wok fr prot ‘Such agoncy oF alice may, among thor things, impose as a condition the paymant ct raya. Borowed mateials (Le, songs, sloves, pooms, sictres, photos, brand nares, ‘tadsmaks. dc.) incudad in ths book are owned by ter respecte conysatt tolies. Every ‘fot nas been eiered to cate and cock pamission 10 use these matarals fom thor taspcie cent owes. Tho pusher and autor d ol epson! ror cm oaersho fmt than Pbiianad by he Department of Education Sovreay: Br Amin A. Lustto FSC LUndoreacrotary: Yelandh §. Quire, PAD Aceietan Sactatay: Elona P. Raz, PhD Development Team of the Teaching Guide Consultant: PEDRITO S. NITURAL, PhD ‘central uzonState University Science City of Nunos, Nueva Eda Subject Specialist & Management EMMANUEL VALDE2, ALBERT B. ERNI ‘Authors JESUSB. NAZAFENO, MDM Panapil, sesannAgo-nassealngnschoa Dison ot Pangasinan epon RODOLFOC. SAIORDA, VSAE Pingpal Queesoteantaa em) Dasmarne Gy caw Validated By: Dr. DennisM. Lucas, Sr EPPTIE Dy Conran DivsienorPueromincesa Gry Andres 2. Taguiam, PhD Technological University ofthe Philippines Dasmaninas city Campus Editors: Lourdes Lualhati, Rogelio Limsan Reviewers: Dr. Cristina Celarta, Restituta Paragas Hlustrator: James t.Gaje Printed in the Philippines by Department of Edueation4nttuclional Maler|slsCouncli Secretariat (DepEd IMCS) ‘Otice Adiess: 22 Flax Dom G Phispods Complex, Meako Awrue, Pasg Gly, Phiipgires 1500, Talon: (2) 634-1054, 6241072 Esmal Addross: imesetd@ yahoo.comTABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE Quarter I MODULE 1 - ENTREPRENEURSHIP WHAT IS THIS MODULE ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN PRE TEST LESSONT Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECS) WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN, WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POST TEST DEFINITION OF TERMS REFERENCES LESSON ‘Market and Environment WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL AROUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POST TEST DEFINITION OF TERMS REFERENCES MODULE I - Agricultural Crop Work (Rice Production) Waar ‘THIS MODULE ALL ABOUTWHAT WILL YoU LEARN PRETEST, Quarter II LESSON I Preparation of materials, tools, and equipment for rice production work WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POSTTEST DEFINITION OF TERMS LESSON IT Site Selection and Soll analysis WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POSTTEST DEFINITION OF TERMS LESSON I Land preparation (Irsigated /rainfed) WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT 10 TRANSFER PosTTEST DEFINITION OF TERMSLESSON IV Seed Selection WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER. POST TEST DEFINITION OF TERMS QUARTER II LESSONV ‘Seedling production WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL AROUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER. POST TEST DEFINITION OF TERMS LESSON VI Planting/ Transplanting WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN, WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT To PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POST TEST DEFINITION OF TERMS LESSON VIL Nutsient Management WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT aWHAT WILL YOU LEARN PRE TEST WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER. POSTTEST. DEFINITION OF TERMS LESSON VIII ‘Water Management WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN PRE TEST WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCES: WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POSTTEST DEFINITION OF TERMS QUARTER IV LESSON Ix Pest Management WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN PRE TEST WHAT WILL YOU KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POST TEST DEFINITION OF TERMS LESSON X Harvesting , Threshing , Drying, Storing and Milling WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN PRETESTWHAT WILL You KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS. WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POST TEST DEFINITION OF TERMS LESSON XI Marketing, and Keeping Farm Records and Accounts WHAT IS THIS LESSON ALL ABOUT WHAT WILL YOU LEARN PRE TEST WHAT WILL You KNOW WHAT TO PROCESS. WHAT TO REFLECT AND UNDERSTAND WHAT TO TRANSFER POST TEST DEFINITION OF TERMS REFERENCESLESSON IV SEED SELECTION This lesson deals with the principle of selecting good quality seeds to grow. It includes the characteristics of good seeds, sources of good seeds, seed testing, and computing the percentage of germination. You will learn these in thirteen days. After studying the lesson, you must be able to 1. identify and select good seeds for planting; test the viability of seeds using ragdoll method; ‘compute for the percentage germination; and 74 appreciate the importance of testing seeds before planting; =~ Using high quality sxeds of a recommended rice variety will result in a considerable increase in the yield. ‘The characteristics of certified seeds are the following: 1. pure 2. dean 3. with the same size and shape 4. 85% or higher percentage of germination, 5. free from seed borne diseases Seeds of improved variety should be certified by the National Seed Quality Control Services (NSQCS). It could be proven through a yblue card attached to the sack. Good quality seeds could be availed from agencies such as the PhilRice and other accredited seed producers enumerated below. ‘Sources of Good Seeds eereRe PhilRice Bureauof Plant Industry [BP) Agricultural Productivity Commission (APC) Institute of Plant Breeding (PR) Seed Grower - cooperators in your locality Reliable dealers of farm supplies How to avail good seeds 1. Buy seeds from accredited seed growers stated above 2. If there are no accredited seed grower in the locality, then buy seeds from reliable sources (ic. farmers whose fields have uniform crop growth) or produce your own high quality seeds . However, make sure to perform a seed germination test to ensure quality. There should be at least 85% germination. 2. Ifthe variety has not yet been tested in the area, make initial selection based on recommendedeavironment and 76cropping season. Then, conduct at least two seasons of tuial in the locality. 4. During wet season, consider the prevalent peste in the area and the shattering and lodging characteristics of a variety. In the dry season, consider planting hybrid varieties because these varieties tend to perform better during dry season. 5. In rainfed areas, farmers tend to use varieties for imrigeted lowland areas owing probably to lack of access to rainfed varieties. It is recommended to first choose varieties intended for rainfed environment. Consider also traditional or regionally preferred varieties for rainfed environment knowing that crops can develop ‘adaptability in an erea. 6. Farmers also often prefer new varieties, believing that they yield better. However, a variety may be released based on reasons other than yield (e.g. better grain quality and resistance to pests). ‘Thus, it 1s important to Know the characteristics of the varieties but, more importantly, to conduct adaptability trials. Your choice of an appropriate variety is determined by specific conditions in the farm. The following are the desirable characteristics of high yielding rice varieties: 1. Barly maturing and non-seasonal (100 ~ 130 days from sendingto matacity) Renistant to. pest, distasés, drought and lodging Nitrogen-responsive (this means that when you apply nitrogen to the rice plant, the yield increases) High grain weight (6~7 27g) High grain mulling quality fwhole ) High milling recovery (66% -70%) an eas ‘The following are some rice varieties recommended for irrigated and rainfed regions of the Philippines:1, Rag Doll Method b. 4 Courtesy ofPednio S Nira, Faculy Calg af Agius, CLSU ‘The following are the steps in the rag doll method: Prepare a clean rag measuring 20.32cm X 30.48em and a aticle 25.4em long, Prepare al least 100 seeds for testing. Do not select. Lay the ragon any flat surface and distribute the seeds evenly in rows on the rag. Rall the mg around the stick for support. Moisten the cloth and place it in a warm -moist place. Unuoll the rag after 5 days. Determine the germination rate following the formula. % germination = No. of seeds germinated x 100 No. of seeds sown Examples Regina Mae wants to test the viability of her palay seeds. She sow 100 seeds and after 7days only 86 seeds germinated. Whatis the percentage germination ofthe seeds? Solution: ®% germination = _86_X 100 = 86% i00 If the percentage of germination is 80% or above, use the seeds at the required quantity. IFit 82‘There are other factors to consider in the selection of good seeds aside from the desirable characteristics, and these are: 1. Genetic purity. The seed should not be mixed with other rice variety. 2. Physical purity of composition. Seeds should ke free from inert matter, chaff, and weed seeds. They must be clean 3. Moisture content. The ideal moisture content ofrice seeds for sowing is 14%. 4. Capacityof the seed t» germinateor viability. The international standards for viability require a minimum of 80% germination. ‘The four general classifications of agricultural seeds according to their purity and quality are as follows: 1. Breeder seeds. This is the purest seed of rice varieties obtained through selection, introduction, and hybridization. Hybridization means that a selected seed is planted and during the reproductive stage , it is crossed with another plant. 2. Foundation seeds. This type of seed is produced from breeder seeds in the government seed farm where its varietal purity is maintained. 3. Registered seeds. This seed is produced from the foundation seed. 4. Certified seeds This type of seed is produced from the registered seed. ‘Testing the Viability of Seeds Before sowing it ie highly recommended that a test be conducted to determine the viability of the seeds. Many seeds fail to germinate because they have been kept too long under bad Conditions. That renders them too weak when grown of too immature when hanested. Every plant grower should determine the germinating power of seeds by testing them to ensure high percentage of germination, less expenses, time and effort Methods Of Seed Testing ‘There are two methods of testing the viability of seeds, the rag doll and the seedbed. This should be done before sowing in seedbed or before directly seeding in paddy. 81is below 80% germination, adjust the seed bulk to the seeding rate. To adjust use the formule: ‘You will now compute the adjusted seeding rate of the given. Seed bulle 60 kg Germination - 75% Seeding rate 50 kg 6. How much adjusted amountof seeds will you sow per hectare using the given bulk, germination percentage and seeding rate. Substiute the values: Adjusted amount of seed: 100 X50 kg = 1.28 x 50 kg = 64.10 kg/ha. ‘Seed Rox Method decide to use the seed box method, do the following if you steps: a. Prepare a small seed box and fill t with sterilized soil, 83Bb. Get 100-150 seeds (depending en your choice) at random. Sow the seeds in rows in the seed bax. Cover the seeds lightly with soil. Water the seeds occasionally. c. When seeds have germinated, determine the percentage germination as in the rag doll method. IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER To ensure highcrop yieldand good quality, viable seeds should be selected. Desimble charcteristics such as early maturing, resistance to lodging and nitrogen responsiveness are not the only factors to consider when buying rice seeds. Other factors such as purity, physical composition, moisture content, and capacity of the seed to germinate should be included ‘Seed viability is a characteristic of rice essential to profitable rice production because good quality seeds bring about a maximum yield with minimum expenditure of time, money and effort. ‘Seed viability test should be done before the seed is sown in seed beds or directly seeding in paddies following the rag doll or seed ‘box methods. “Activity #1 1. Prepare the following and perform the rag doll method of testing the viebility of seeds. ‘a. 20.32cmX30.48em rag b handful of rice seeds fc. 254em stick d. water 2. After 5 days, open your rag doll and determine the viability percentage of germination of your tested seeds. Write the result in your actiuty notebook.A. Read the following questions/ statements. Select the best answer then write the letter corresponding to the nghtanswer. 1. The following are characteristice of high yielding rice sasieties except one. a. Early maturing and non seasonal b. Resistant to drought . Nitrogen responsive d. Late maturing and seasonal 2. The capacity of the seed to germinate refers to a. viability . vitality . fertility germ inability 3. Why is seed testing important? a. Itsaves time in planting ct saves cost of inputs B. It saws labor 4. All of the abow 4. A seed germination test showed that ofthe 120 seeds used in the test, 98 germinated. The percentage germination of the seedis a. 68.71% © 81.67% b. 76.18% 4. 87.76% 5. Which of the followingis nota variety of rice? a. NSIC RC10 © TSG B. BPIRILO a IR36 B. Answer the following. 1. What are the desimble characteristics of good seeds? (Spts) 2. Compute for the percentage of germination using the problem below. Rudy tested his seeds before planting. He sowed 150 seeds using the rag doll method. After 5 days he found out that only 120 seeds germinated. What is the percentage germination? In case the percentage of germination is below 80% find the adjusted amount of seeds if the seed bulk is 60 kgs and. the seeding rate is 50 ke. 86QUARTER IIT LESSON V SEEDLING MANAGEMENT ‘This lesson is very important in ensuring healthy seedlings growth and for a good harvest. [tis all about how to prepare the seed. ‘bed, how to sow seeds, and take care of seedlings. You will leam these within twelve days. Tree At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: 1. prepare seed bed, sow seeds and care for rice seedlings; 2. sow seeds in wet and dry seed bed; 3. practice proper care and managementof rice seedlings; and 884. internalize the relevance of proper seedbed preparation, sowing, and care of seedlings, In rice farming, it is very important to know the varieties your neighbor will be planting, as well as theirexpected date of cowing, This will give you the best idea when tosow your seeds to hhave almost uniform date of harvesting, and for a more convenient transport of farm equipment and harvest. Once you have identified the beat variety of rice suited to the Glimatic conditions of the locality which is high yielding and with high quality of harvest, you must decide on the methed of raising seedlings you will use based on the availability of water. The following points should be considered: 1. Select a site far from the residential area and away from wandering chicken. Ifnot, protect the area against stray animals with a nylon net or chicken wire 2, The site must have undergone soll analysis to be able to correct soil deficiency and to ensure healthy seed growth. 3. Make sure it is far from fields infected with tngra, grassy stunt, and otherdiseases. It should not be lighted at nightte avoid attracting adult stem borers, brown plant hoppers, and green leaf hoppers 4. Monitor fields nearby to detect the prosence of vinus infected plants particularly from ratoon of previous czop. 5, Protect against insect vectors. If there is an_abaormally high incidence of virus infestation in the area, look for better site Methods of Raising Seedlings 1. Wetbed MethodSeedlings mised in wetbed method Pato Cauaay of alte ay We Cab, Party, Calg Aan ‘The wetbed method is widely used in areas where water abounds, even in rainfed areas and in the second/ dry cropping season. It is usually done 25-30 days before transplanting. The steps in the wet-bed method are: a. Plow and harrow the field a day before sowing of seeds. Then prepare seed bed plois of any convenient. length, approximately 1-1.5 meter wide. Do this in 1 ‘ 2 days. While harrowing, allow water to flow out of the bed for some time, This will allow the weed seeds, ‘o be carried out thus leaving lesser weeds to grow in the seedbed. 'b, Use mud around to raise the seedbed to about 4-5 qm. higher than the original soil level. Level the bed and slightly incline to the side using a wooden plank ‘Thio will facilitate irrigation and drainage, and to ensure uniform growth of the seedlings. ¢. Incorporate carbonized rice hull or organic materials fon bed for easier pulling of seedlings later. 4d. Use a plot of about 400-500 aq. meters to sow 44 keg. of inbred seeds and 20 kg. for hybrid seeds (adjust seed bulk based on actual % of germination) for a one-hectare field fe. For seedbeds with poor soll, apply 60-100 grams of nitrogen lertilizer before sowing. Then sow seeds uniformly. Incubating the Seeds 1. Put the seeds in a container filled with water for 24 ‘hours. Stir the water in the container while pouring seeds to allow the empty ones to float thereby separating them from the good ones. 90Photo Comteny ofr Ereltevsy H- Guitip, MEW, caer orAmretre, CSU 2. After 24 hours of soaking, transfer the seeds in sacks, Half Gil the sacks with seeds for easier germination, 3. After soaking and putting in a half- filled sack, incubate the seeds in a warm and shady place for 36-48 hours. Moisten the seeds regularly by opriniding with water to speed up germination, Phot Courtesy ota Elrelevsy He Gulap, FarW, Caleg or Aeutir, CISL Sowing the pre-germinated seeds After the seeds have germinated, they are broadcasted uniformly on the surface of the seedbed. Avid sowing too thickly to ensure healthy seedling grovth. Too dense sowing will result in thin and weak stems, oOComesyat Me EfeliosayM Catt, Facts solle of Acie, CLSU Care and maintenance of the Seedlings After sowing, the pre-germinated seeds should be submerged in water owrnight. Drain them the following day to ensure uniform: ‘germination Start shallow irrigation 2-3 cm depth within 3-5 days after sowing. Then apply nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 5 legs per 40-50 sq m seedbed. Continue irrigation, by gradually increasing the water depth to 5 cm. As a rule of thumb, you Jhawe to-visit your seedbed always to detect occurrence of insect peste and diseases. Upon detection, immediately spray with appropriate insecticide or fungicide, following the rate recommended by the manufacturer. Transplant the seedlings using the following guide: 16 - 18 days old for the early maturing varieties harvestable after 116 days, and 20-25 days old for vaneties that are harvestable ater 126 days or more, 2, Dapog Method Phow onteny ke akeHDoday Mt Gullspracily,calegr ck Aiea, CLSU ‘This method is used in irrigated land with a well managed and controlled irrigation system. It is characterized by the sbyence of the soil medium, restricted area (40 sqm/ha.) 92ed Activity #1 1. Divide the elass into wo groups. The first group will pull seedlingswhile the second group will transplant seedlings. 2. Demonstrate direct seeding by broadcast system ‘The teacher will fill up the rubrics based on student performance in the activities to find out their learned skalls. RatatES ce yPall—"~ Cleanand—PFalaw Name of students [seedings | seediing | bundle proper Ghose to | gently seedlings | distance wound fand rate of planting T 2. 3. Activity#2 Watch a video presentation of new technologies in transplanting nice seedling like the use of a transplanting machine. 105and caily transplanting, Preparation of Seedbed 1. Construct seedbed the same way as the wetbed_ method, 2. Cover the bed with banana leaves Remove the midrib, plastic cheetsor heavy coarse paper to prevent the roots of the seedlings from getting in contact with the seedhed underneathand to facilitate separation of seedlings. 3. Surround the seeded with bamboo slats or banana stems held in place with a stick. Pre-germination of seeds 1. Soak and incubete the same way as inwetbed, 2. Sow seeds uniformly at the rate of one cavan (44 leg) per 40 square meters. You will need 1 Y cavan (56 ke) seeds ‘br one hectare field. Adjust ceedbulk based on the percentage of germination of the seeds. 3. Keep lining the roots in contact with the banana leaves or plastic to prevent the seedlings from drying, 4, Press the seedbed lightly using a wooden board every morning ‘and aftemoon for 3-4 days. Care and maintenance of the seedlings Water the dapog seedlings every moming and afternoon, using water sprinkler untl the Seedlings are ready for transplanting. Seedlings will be ready for transplanting, 10-12 days after sowing. Instead of pulling the young plants, cut into ‘one square foot or to any convenient size, then roll each piece. Control of insect pests and diseases will be done following the same procedure in the production of acedlings in seedbed method. 93‘THINGS TO REMEMBER ‘The farmer's decision on the method to use in raising seedlings depends on the availabilty of water. However, wetbed method is widely used in areas where water abounds. Production of heelthy seedlings require utmost care, to ensure Fe — Form a group to perform the following activities in an identified area. Prepare a 3m x 1m seed bed. Germinate seeds just enough for the area Demonstrate proper sowing. Discuss how to take care of your seedlings. xewe Assign an observer group to fill up the rubric for scoring on the table below to determine how good the work group manage their activity, and vice-versa. A. Seedbed preparation ictivities Rating ‘Cleared the area Prepared seedbed about 4-5 Leveled the secdbed sures asl Selectedthe proper site for seedbed Some daceds uniformly with the right thicknessB. Care of seedlings “AcaMties Rai ied the seabed at eat 2, Sprayed insecticdes when there was occurrence of insect pests 3, Collected golden apple snail IGAS) epes F_Removed wads S. Applied irrigation water at recommendeddepth Legend: 1= 75-79% 2= 80-85% 100% = 86-00% 4=91-95% 5 = 96 A Activity#2 Present and discuss to the class the findings of the observer's group performed in the activity above. Prepare a plan of action on ‘how (o improve one's performance in doing the same task. Activity #3 Using the experiences gained from the cbow activities, and enriched by extensive readings on the topic, present to the dass discussion paper on the best method of raising seedings for rice production both in irrigated and rainfed field conditions, 957. How much nitrogea should be applied per square meter maseed bed with poor soil? a. 50 to80 grams © 60 to 100 grams 1b. 55 to85 grams 4. 100 to 125 grams 8. What is the average seeding rate of seeds sown using the dapog seedbed method? a. 22 kg 44 kg b. 33 kg 66 kg, ‘9, What is the recommended age of seedlings for transplanting of late maturing rice varieties that are harvestable in 126 days after sowing? a. 12-15 days 18-20 days b. 16-18 days 4d. 20-25 days 10. Which of the following methods of raising seedlings work best in areas where water is sufficiently avilable? a. Wetbed , Dry bed 'b. Seed box dd. Dapog, Resources: area for the seed bed 2. seeds 3. bolo 4 plow and harrow if needed 5.plunks 6. draft carabao/hand tractor 7. shovel 8 fertilizer 9. PPE 10.Insecticides fe 2 | QsarvorTerms ) Seedbed — a well-prepared plot where seeds are sown o7(esasesment ) Direction: Choose the correct answer and write the letter on your quiz notebook. 1. The ides! size intended for rising seedlingsusing seedbed method is ‘a.l-1.8 mwide with any convenient length b. 1-15 mwide x 10m. c. dmx 2m only. 4. Sin x 5mm, 2. The recommended soaking time for rice seeds before sowing, the seedbedis a. 20-22 hours. © 28-30 hours, 24 hours. 4. 36-48 hours. 9. How many hours of soaking will it take to incubate seeds before sowing in the seedbed? a. 36 0 48. 46 to 50 b.40 048 448 to 72 4, Five days after sowing, the seedbed is irrigated for two days ata depth of a. 1-Qcentimeter. 3-4 centimeter. b.2-Scentimeters, d 4-5 centimeters. 5. Rudy wanted to produce healthy seedlings in his rice farm How many times in a week should he visit the young plante? a. Only once 3 times b. Twice 4.4 times 6. Which among the following methods of raising rice seedlings is more economical? a. Dapog Seed bed Dry bed Seed boxLESSON VI PULLING AND TRANSPLANTING OF SEEDLINGS /DIRECT ‘SEEDING Phot Couey ole Pode Nil uel, Calg Ago, CS (ans Inscon —_ Just like any other crop, raising rice seedlings needs extra care during planting and transplanting. This lesson discusses the steps in pulling seedlings, the system of tansplanting, and direct seeding. ‘You will these within twelve days. ‘At the end of the lesson you should be able to: 1. discuss the stepe in pullingand bundling seedlings; 9Pulling and Transplanting of Seedlings Pullingof scedlinge will be done one day before transplanting, ‘According to the CBLM year 3, early maturing rice varieties that can be harwsted from 110 to 115 days after transplanting will be transplanted from 16 to18 days after sowing. However, late maturing, sarietics will be transplanted from 20 to 25 days after sowing, Proper Transplanting of Seedlings Right after the final harrowing, level the field using a wooden plank attached to 2 harrow. Then allow the mud to subside. With the sid of a wooden planting guide prepare lines by pulling on the lewled field. These lines will serve as guides in transplanting at 2 ‘uniform p distance of planting. An example is 20 em x 20 cm orany desired distance depending on the variety. This is to allow the plant to attain its maximum tillering and it also facilitates weed control Inter, using a rotary weeder. Phob Courtesy of PearboS Ma, Farally, colegs a Agieuri, CLSU 1. Straight row planting. Seedlings are transplanted in straight rows where definite spacing is maintained between plants Straight row planting enhances the attainment of an optimum plant population and it facilitates the application of fertilizer and weeding operations using a rotary weeder. Use guides or markers to attain strcight rows, Hold the seedlingsin between the thumb and the first and second finger land insert these gently into the soil. Plant seedlings in spots indicated by the guides or markers. ‘After planting a row, move backward to the next rowand resume planting” Handle seedlings carefully before transplanting to awid injury. In case there is a delay in 101transplanting, it is suggested to increase the number of seedlings per hill by one for each day that transplanting 1s delayed. This compensates the reduced tillering capacity once the seedlings get older duc to transplanting delay. For inbred varieties of rice, wansplant 2-3 seedlings per hhill and 1-2 seedlings for the hybrid vaneties at a depth of 2-3, centimeters. Transplant early maturing varieties 16-20 days lafter sowing while medium maturing ones at 16-20 days after If transplanting is delayed up t 30 days for early maturingand 35 days for medium maturing varieties, increase the scedling mate to 5 ~ 8 seedlings per hill. For highland rice culture, cold tolerant traditional varieties are transplanted 20 — 45 days at a distance of 15 an x 20 cm with 2—3 seedlings per hill Random transplanting Phat Couseny Mr Ekeltovay M. Guay, Foul, allege of Aapcutae, CLS Random tansplaniing.This method of transplanting has no specific distance in planting. However, planters tend to plant too dose or too far which sometimes adversely affect the 102potential yicld of the variety and the use of rotary weeder. This ‘method faster but it requires use of more Seeds (00 to O& kg/ha). It is economical, however, because it does not entail hhigh cost of labor. Seedlings raised in dapog method should be transplanted 4-7 seedlings per hill using the straight row or random planting method ‘After planting, place extra seedlings along the alleyways of the field to be used for replanting 3-5 days after wansplanting. Direct Seoding ‘This method could be done in imigeted ond dry rainfed planting. Direct sceding in puddled soil is recommended in arcas where irrigation facilities are costly, scarce, and just rely on rain, For land preparstion, follow the procedure in preparing imigated Geld fr tansplanting. Follow the procedure in pre~ germinating the seeds, Broadcast 80-100 kg/ha of pre-germinated rice seeds in well-prepared and leveled paddies. A new technology Jhas been introduced with the use of a drum seeder . The drum seeder regulates the distance of planting and the number of seeds per hill. For upland or rainfed areas," pre-germinated seeds are drilled in rows or in furrows at the rate of 2-3 seeds /hill at a distance ‘of 20.0 centimeters. Drain the ficld the following day to facilitate ‘uniform germination of seeds. ad Direct seeding with the use of drum seeder. Photo Courtesy of De Peels S. Niuzl acl, College a Apieuliire, Chat 103,Direct seeding of pre-germinated seeds using the drum seeder saves seeds and facilitates mechanical weeding, Drum seeder regulates plant distance with fairly low rate of soeds at 50-100 keg por hectare. ‘Amechanical seeder hate Couey a De Poste. Nhutly Paty, Calage of Ageulure Cet For minfed rice planting, seeds are planted by means of mechanical seeder seen in the figure above. Another method is by dibbling or drilling, ‘+ Dibbling. Scedsare dibbled in straight rows at 15 cm x 15 an to 25cm x 25 cm. with 5 - 8 seeds per hill. + Drilling Seeds are planted in furrows made by plow with the same distance and rate of seedingas in dibbling. IMPORTANT THINGS TO REMEMBER + A day before transplanting, pull seedlings carefully to minimize seedling damage. * Clean and bundle seedlings for ease of transporting, + Random transplanting has no definite distance and alignment ‘between plants while straight row planting has uniform distance and spaces. ‘© Direct seeding can be done by broadcasting or with the use of drum seeder or mechanical seeder. It requires less labor in planting, 104rrocess Activity #1 1. Divide the class into two groups. The first group will pull seedlingswhile the second group will transplant seedlings. 2. Demonstrate direct seeding by broadcast system. ‘The teacher will fill up the rubrics based on student performance in the activities to find out their learned skills. Raities ale Pall eawanrd—] FON fame of students [seedings | seeding | tunde | proper Name of students |eimceta, | geniyy | seedlings | Aistance ound fad ate of planting Watch a video presentation of new technologies in transplanting rice seedling like the use of a transplanting machine. Activity#2 105Brainstorm on the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical seeder over the manual transplanting method. Emphasize on the ‘positive impact of farm mechanization in boosting production, Activity#s Organize a small farmer learning cell and act as an agent of change in the community. Demonstrate the use of traneplanter and seeder technologies in the locality. Bach student should have at least five farmer- leamers/cooperators, A. Answer the Slowing test items. Write the letter of your choice in your quiz notebook. 1. The random system of transplanting ‘a. provides enough space for growing plant. b. makes weeding using rotary weeder difficult, . makes hand pulling of weeds difficult. d. causes owrcrowding of plants 2. What is the average number of transplanted seedlings per hill? ‘a. 2-3 seedlings b. 3-4 seedlings ©. 45 seedlings d. 67 seedlings 1063. What should be considered in. straight row system of transplanting rice? ‘a. Its variety, season, and fertilityof the soil ». ‘The provision of enough space for photosynthesis, ©. Its spacing of the plant for easy weeding 4d. The harwsting of rice plante during the maturity period 4. Whatis the average rate of transplanting for hybrid seedlings per hill? a 1-2 4-7 b.3-6 47-10 5. Whenis the right time to replant missing hills after transplanting? a. 3-5 days after planting b. 5 — 7 days after planting . 7-9 days after planting d. 10-12 days after planting B. Answer the following: 1, What are the advantages and disadvantages of direct seeding? 2. How and when do you pull seedlings for transplanting? RESOURCES 1 2 3 4. 5 references seedlingeraised in seed bed pre-germinated seeds string (planting guide) dibbler Random planting - a system of planting with no definite distance or alignment usually done by contract. 107Straight row planting - a system of planting with specific distance and spacing ‘Transplanting - means to plant the seeclingstrom the seed bed to the paddies Dibbler - a small pointer tool used for making holes in the cil for planting sede Dibbling- the process of preparing the holes in the field for planting of seeds or seedlings using a dibbler. ‘Mechanical seeder- a machine used in direct seedingof pre ‘germinatedsceds in either lowland or upland field ‘condition, Drum seeder- an equipment used for direct seeding of pre germmatedsceds, citherlowland or upland field condition, 108