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CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

Methodology refers to the strategies employed in conducting a research. They include


data collection instruments such as questionnaires, interviews or observation as well as sampling
procedures and statistical techniques for organizing and interpreting unstructured data (Bryman,
2008).The strategies adopted for a particular study then explain the validity and reliability of the
study. Methodology of a research must therefore follow scientific procedure so as to reduce the
level of biases in the study. This chapter explains the approach used to answer the research
questions so as to meet the research objectives. This chapter then makes emphasis on the
research design, population of the study, size of the sample, data collection, validity and
reliability of the research.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The general blue print adopted by the researcher which is used to collect answers to
research questions. Research design is therefore the summary of how the survey is to be
conducted right from the collection of data to data analysis (Sullivan, 2001). The research design
used in this study helps the researchers on How to Stop Bullying Among Senior High School
Students in University of Makati using the personal characteristic of gender, age, family
background etc..

The research design for this study uses Case Study Method as the researcher tries to
know more about the respondents. A case study is a research methodology that has commonly
used in social sciences. Case Study is a research strategy and an empirical inquiry that
investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context (Press Academia, 2018). This study
therefore enables the researcher to find out and to analyze how students understand and prevent
bullying.

The research strategy employed for this study is the survey strategy which allows an
efficient way to gather the needed information from the population of the study. Survey strategy
is usually used for exploratory and explanatory research as it establishes reasons for relationships
between variables.
Survey strategy uses questionnaire in collecting the data and also allows the researcher to
analyze the data qualitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study then uses the
qualitatively approach in analyzing the data. Qualitative approach is used for data collection
technique that provides understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It
therefore employs questionnaire, graphs or statistics in its analysis.

RESEARCH LOCAL/SETTING

The study took place at University of Makati located at J.P. Rizal Ext, Makati Metro
Manila. The University stands on a lot near Fort Bonifacio School and is in front of the Makati
Park and Pasig River.

The University of Makati is the first university to do the Senior High School Program of
the Department of Education in the year 2012. The University consists of Academic Building 1,
2, and 3, Administrative Building, a new-established Health and Physical Science Building
(HPSB), University Oval, and the University of Makati Stadium.

The University of Makati isn't only limited only to Makati residents, it also offers
education to non-Makati residents such as residents of Pateros, Taguig, Pasig, Cavite, and many
more. The University of Makati is a diverse environment having different students from
neighboring cities.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Sampling is an important component of any research. It is very difficult, due to the fact
that researchers would find it difficult in getting access to the entire target population as a result
of time constraints and the cost involved. It is therefore important for the researchers to use
sample size for research especially in the case where the population size is too large. However,
the general population size could be used when the study population itself is small and also not
very scattered. Sample size is defined as a subgroup or a part of a larger population (Saunders,
2015).

Therefore, it is a set of unit chosen from a larger population which gives a true reflection
of the population. Purposeful Sampling is the technique that we will use in this study. Purposeful
Sampling is the most common sampling strategy in a qualitative research. In this type of
sampling, participants are selected or sought that are especially knowledgeable about or
experienced with a phenomenon of interest (Cresswell & Plano Clark, 2011). In addition to
knowledge and experience, Bernard and Spradley note the importance of availability and
willingness to participate, and the ability to communicate experiences and opinions in an
articulate, expressive, and reflective manner.

PARTICIPANTS/RESPONDENTS

The participants of the study are all Grade 11 HUMSS students in the University of
Makati. The group believes that this population is more likely to experience bullying therefore
giving the researchers a bigger chance in finding an answer on how to stop bullying among HSU
Grade 11 students. The group will be conducting the survey for 10 respondents (5 girls and 5
boys) that are randomly chosen to the population and answering 10 questions should only take
for about 10-15 minutes.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

In this study, the researchers used a questionnaire to serve as a survey. The questions in
the questionnaire were formed aligned to the objectives of this study. The questions are all open-
ended questions so that the respondent would have the chance to explain more their own
opinions or ideas. The questionnaires are composed of 10 questions and are given enough space
to write on the questionnaire sheet. Also, the time given for the respondent to answer the
following questions is about 10-15 minutes.

The instrument was constructed with the help of the research's statement of the problem
or the objectives. First, the group will construct a question that they think can answer the
objective. After constructing a question, the group would analyze if the question truly answers
the following objective and is also aligned to the main problem. The questions would go to
reconstruction of the sentence to clearly help the respondent to understand the question more
easily, thus, making it easier to explain and elaborate the idea or opinion of the respondent to the
question asked.

The questionnaire for this study is made up of open ended type of questions. An open-
ended question cannot be answered with a "yes" or "no" response. The researchers intend to
maximize the potential of the answers of its participants in order to gain a concrete solution to
study the main problem. Also, all information provided will be kept in confidentiality and would
be used only for research purposes.

GATHERING OF DATA PROCEDURE

This study is conducted using primary data and other relevant literature data sources. The
primary source is used in collecting the data since the information obtained is very near to its
originality and relatively free from modification, judgment and biases of external influence. For
the purpose of this study, a field research is conducted to collect data from the chosen grade 11
HUMSS students of HSU through the use of questionnaires.

Questionnaire refers to the data collection instruction in which respondents are allowed to
answer the same set of questions in a prearranged manner (de Vaus, 2015).

The questionnaire for this study is intended to be the main aspect to provide solutions or
ways on how to stop bullying among HSU students. The respondents are asked to answer 10
questions. A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions for the
purpose of gathering information from respondents.

The group will then proceed to a room of identified grade 11 HUMSS students of HSU,
and then would greet the random person as followed by asking if the person is indeed willing to
answer the groups’ questionnaire. If the participant agrees then the group would hand out a
consent form in order to proof that the respondent was very willing to answer the groups’
questionnaire.

After being signed by the participant or respondent the following pages are now the
groups’ questionnaire, the participant or respondent is given 10-15 minutes to answer the
questionnaire and must be guided by the group in order to prevent a disturbance to the
participants.

The group goal during the time is to give the participant guide throughout the whole time
of answering so that if a participant is unable to identify a term or misunderstand a question, the
group would then give guidance to the participant to align its thoughts.
After the given time the group would then give thanks to participant or respondent for
their time and effort. The group would collect all the questionnaires and put it in a brown
envelope for safe-keeping and for confidentiality of the participants’ answers. The group will
then proceed into analyzing the data that has been collected.

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