Sheet - Trigonometric PH-2 by MC Sir

Best Approach
Trigonometric Equations
Trigonometry - II
Key Concepts Proficiency Test I

Proficiency Test II Proficiency Test III
Solved Examples Exercise I
Exercise II Exercise III
KEY CONCEPTS (TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS & INEQUATIONS)
THINGS TO REMEMBER :
 
1. If sin  = sin    = n  + (1)n  where    ,  , n  I .
 2 2
2. If cos  = cos    = 2 n  ±  where   [0 , ] , n  I .
3. If tan  = tan    = n  +  where     ,   , n  I .
 2 2
4. If sin²  = sin²    = n  ± .
5. cos²  = cos²    = n  ± .
6. tan²  = tan²    = n  ± . [ Note :  is called the principal angle ]

7. TYPES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS :
(a) Solutions of equations by factorising . Consider the equation ;
(2 sin x  cos x) (1 + cos x) = sin² x ; cotx – cosx = 1 – cotx cosx
(b) Solutions of equations reducible to quadratic equations. Consider the equation :
3 cos² x  10 cos x + 3 = 0 and 2 sin2x + 3 sinx + 1 = 0
(c) Solving equations by introducing an Auxilliary argument . Consider the equation :
sin x + cos x = 2 ; 3 cos x + sin x = 2 ; secx – 1 = ( 2 – 1) tanx
(d) Solving equations by Transforming a sum of Trigonometric functions into a product.
Consider the example : cos 3 x + sin 2 x  sin 4 x = 0 ;
sin2x + sin22x + sin23x + sin24x = 2 ; sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x
(e) Solving equations by transforming a product of trigonometric functions into a sum.
Consider the equation :
sin 6 x
sin 5 x . cos 3 x = sin 6 x .cos 2 x ; 8 cosx cos2x cos4x = ; sin3 = 4sin sin2 sin4
sin x
(f) Solving equations by a change of variable :
(i) Equations of the form of a . sin x + b . cos x + d = 0 , where a , b & d are real
numbers & a , b  0 can be solved by changing sin x & cos x into their corresponding
tangent of half the angle. Consider the equation 3 cos x + 4 sin x = 5.
(ii) Many equations can be solved by introducing a new variable . eg. the equation
sin4 2 x + cos4 2 x = sin 2 x . cos 2 x changes to
 1
2 (y + 1)  y   = 0 by substituting , sin 2 x . cos 2 x = y..
2
(g) Solving equations with the use of the Boundness of the functions sin x & cos x or by
making two perfect squares. Consider the equations :
 x   x 
sin x  cos  2 sin x +  1 sin  2cos x  . cos x = 0 ;
 4   4 
4 11
sin2x + 2tan2x + tanx – sinx + =0
3 12
8. TRIGONOMETRIC INEQUALITIES : There is no general rule to solve a Trigonometric inequations
and the same rules of algebra are valid except the domain and range of trigonometric functions should be
kept in mind.
 x  1
Consider the examples : log 2  sin  < – 1 ; sin x  cos x   < 0 ; 5  2 sin 2x  6 sin x  1
 2  2
C-9, ABC Tower, Near Madhushree Hotel, Behind Petrol Pump, New Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Jhalawar
2
Road, Kota, Rajasthan (324005), Ph. 9887173003, 9549945044
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
Pay attention to the fact that the integers by which 2 is multiplied in (3) must be represented by different
letters (say, k and ), since these sets are not interconnected. If the same letter is used in these sets,
solutions will be lost.
Solve the following equations :
1
1. sin x = 2. 2 cos2 7x – cos 7x = 0
2
3. 2 sin x + tan x = 0 4. (2 sin x – cos x)(1 + cos x) = sin2 x
1  
5. 1 + sin x cos 2x = sin x + cos 2x 6. tan3 x – 1 + 2 – 3 cot   x  = 3
cos x 2 
7. sin4 x = 1 – cos4 x 8. 3 sin x – tan x + tan x sin x – 3 = 0

9. cos 2x + 3 sin x = 2 10. cos x + sec x = 2
11. sin2x (1 + tan x) = 3 sin x(cos x – sin x) = 3
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. sin 3x + sin x = sin 2x 2. 1 – sin 2x = cos x – sin x
3. cos 2x – cos 8x + cos 6x = 1 4. sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x + sin 4x = 0

tan  tan x
5. sin x + cos x = 2 sin 5x 6. tan x + 4 =2

1  tan tan x
4
7. 1 + 2 cos 3x cos x – cos 2x = 0 8. sin x sin 7x = sin 3x sin 5x
9. cos 3x tan 5x = sin 7x 10. sin4 x + cos4 x = sin x cos x
11. sin2 x + sin2 2x – sin2 3x – sin2 4x = 0
PROFICIENCY TEST-03
3
1. sin2 x + sin2 2x + sin2 3x = 2. 2 cos2 x – 1 = sin 3x
2
3. (1 + cos 4x) sin 2x = cos2 2x 4. sin 2x = cos 2x – sin2 x + 1
5. (cos 2x – 1) cot2 x = – 3 sin x 6. cos 3x – cos 2x = sin 3x
7. sec x + cosec x = 2 2 8. cos2 x – 2 cos x = 4 sin x – sin 2x
9. cos 9x – 2 cos 6x = 2 10. 4 sin 3x + 3 = 2sin 3x  2

1  sin x  cos x  sin 2x  cos 2x
11. =0
tan 2x
3
SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. The solution of the equation (sin + cos)(1+sin2) = 2, –, is
   
(A) (B) (*C) (D)
6 3 4 2
2
Sol. We know that the maximum values of sin  + cos  and 1 + sin 2 are 2 and 2 respectively. Also,  2  2.
 The given equation can hold only if sin  + cos  = 2 and 1 + sin 2 = 2
  
Now, sin  + cos  = 2  cos      1    2n 
 4 4
n 
Also, 1 + sin 2 = 2  sin 2 = 1     (1)n
2 4

Thus, the value of  in [–, ], satisfying both the equations is .
4
2. The least positive non-integral solution of the equation sin  (x2 + x) = sin x2 is
(A) rational
(B) irrational of the form p
p 1
(*C) irrational of the form , where p is an odd integer
4
p 1
(D) irrational of the form , where p is an even integer
4
Sol. We have, sin  (x2 + x) = sin x2  (x2 + x) = n + (–1)n x2
 Either x2 + x = 2m + x2  x = 2m  Z or x2 + x = k – x2, where k is an odd integer
1  1  8k
 2x2 + x – k = 0  x 
4
1  1  8k p 1
For least positive non-integral solution x   , where p is an odd integer..
4 4
n
1
3. The general solution of the equation  cos r 2  sin r  is
r 1 2
4k  1  2k  1  4k  1 
(A) ,k  Z (B) ,k  Z (*C) ,k  Z (D) None of these
n(n  1) 2 n(n  1) 2 n(n  1) 2
n n
1
Sol. We have,  cos r 2  sin r    2cos r 2 sin r  1
r 1 2 r 1
 
r 1
[sin r(r  1)  sin r(r  1)  1]
 sin n (n + 1) = 1
4k  1 
  . ,k  Z
n(n  1) 2
4. The general value of y satisfying the equation 1 – 2x – x2 = tan2 (x + y) + cot2 (x + y) is
  n 
(A) 2n  (B) n  (C)  (*D) None of these
4 4 2 4
4
Sol. The given equation can be written as
3 – 2x – x2 = 1 + tan2 (x + y) + 1 + cot2 (x + y)  4 – (x + 1)2 = sec2 (x + y) + cosec2 (x + y)
 cos2 (x + y) sin2 (x + y) [4 – (x + 1)2] = 1  sin2 (2x + 2y) [4 – (x + 1)2] = 4 ....(i)
Since sin2 (2x + 2y)  1 and 4 – (x + 1)2  4
 (i) holds only if sin2 (2x + 2y) = 1 .....(ii)
and 4 – (x + 1)2 = 4 .....(iv)
From (iii), we get x = –1
Putting in (ii), we get sin (2y – 2) =  1
 
 2y – 2 = n  ,nZ  y = 1 + (2n  1) ,n Z
2 4

 x = –1, y = 1 + (2n  1) ,n Z
4
 7 
5. If cos3x  sin  2x    2, then x 
 6 
  
(*A) (6k  1) (B) (6k  1) (C) (2k  1) (D) None of these
3 3 3
(where k  Z)
 7   7 
Sol. We have cos3x  sin  2x    2  1 + cos 3x + 1 + sin  2x    0
 6   6 
2 3 
 (1 + cos 3x) + 1 – cos  2x    0  2cos2

 2sin 2  x    0
 3  2  3
3x   3x  3 x 
 cos  0 and sin  x    0   , ,........and x   0, ,2,.....  x 
2  3 2 2 2 3 3
Therefore, the general solution of
3x    
cos  0 and sin  x    0 is x = 2k +  (6k  1) , where k  Z
2  3 3 3

6. The number of distinct solution of sin 5 . cos 3 = sin 9. cos 7 in 0,  is
 2
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 8 (*D) 9
Sol. sin8 + sin2 = sin 16 + sin 2 or sin 16 = sin 8
 16 = n + (–1)n8  8 = 2m, when n is even 24 = (2m +1), when n is odd
m  2m  1      5 9 7 11
  , , when m  I = 0, , and , , , , , .
4 24 2 4 24 8 24 24 24 24
7. The number of solutions of the equation tan x + sec x = 2 cos x lying in the interval [0, 2], is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (*C) 2 (D) 3
1
Sol. Here, 2 sin2x + sin x – 1 = 0  sin x = , 1
2
3
But sin x = –1  x =
2
which does not satisfy the equation.
1  5
 sin x =  x ,
2 6 6
5
8. If the equation cos + cos 3 + cos 5 + cos7 = 0, then  is equal to
 
(A) (2n  1) (B) (n  1) , n
6 2
  
(*C) (2n + 1) , (2n + 1) , (2n + 1) (D) None of these
8 4 2
Sol. We have cos + cos 3 + cos 5 + cos 7 = 0
 2 cos 4 cos 3 + 2 cos 4 cos  = 0
 cos 4 (cos 3 + cos ) = 0
 cos 4 (2cos 2 cos ) = 0

Either cos  = 0   = (2n + 1)
2

or cos 2 = 0   = (2n + 1)
4

or cos 4 = 0  = (2n + 1)
8
    1
9. The sum of all the solutions of the equation cos x. cos   x  .cos   x   , x  [0,6] is
 3   3  4
110
(A) 15 (B) 30 (C) (D) None of these
3
1 3  1 cos x 1
Sol. Here, cos x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x   or (4cos2 x  3)  or cos3x  1
4 4  4 4 4
2n
 3x = 2n x= , where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
3
2 9
 The required sum =  n  30.
3 n0
Hence (B) is the correct answer.
10. The number of solution of the equation 5 sec  – 13 = 12 tan in [0, 2], is
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 0
Sol. 13 cos  + 12 sin  = 5
13 12 5
or cos   sin  
2 2 2 2
13  12 13  12 13  122
2
5 13
or cos (–) = , where cos  =
313 313
5 5 13
  = 2n  cos–1 +  = 2n  cos–1  cos 1
313 313 313
5 13
As cos 1  cos 1
313 313
We get,  [0, 2],
when n = 0 (one value, taking positive sign) and when n = 1 (one value, taking negative sign).
Hence (A) is the correct answer.
6
11. If the equation tan + sec = 3 , then the values of  (0, 2] is
 3 
(A) (B) (*C) (D) None of these
4 2 6
sin  1
Sol. Given   3 [cos   0]
cos  cos 
or 3 cos   sin   1.
3 1 1     
Dividing both sides by 2, we have cos   sin   or cos      cos     2n 
2 2 2  6 3 6 3
  
Taking positive sign,    2n     2n 
6 3 6
   
Taking negative sign,    2n     2n  or,   (4n  1)
6 3 2 2
 3
From (i) and (ii), values of  between 0 and 2 are , .
6 2
3
But when   , tan  and sec  does not exists, so it is rejected.
2

Hence  .
6
Hence (C) is the correct answer.
2
12. If tan (A – B) = 1 and sec (A + B) = , then the smallest positive values of A and B and their most general values is
3
1   1  
(*A) A   2m  n      , B  (2m  n)   
2 4 6 2 4 6
1   1  
(B) A   2m  n      , B  (2m  n)   
2 4 6 2 4 6
1   1  
(C) A   2m  n      , B  (2m  n)   
2 4 6 2 4 6
(D) None of these
Sol. For the smallest positive values, we first find A + B and A – B between 0 and 2 from the two given equations.
Since A and B positive angles, A + B > A – B.
 5
tan (A – B) = 1  A–B= or .....(i)
4 4
2  11
Also sec(A  B)   A  B  or .
3 6 6
11
Since A + B > A – B, A+B= .....(ii)
6
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
25 19 37 7
A ,B  or A  ,B 
24 24 24 24
For the most general values.
7

tan (A – B) = 1  A – B = n + .....(iii)
4
2 3 
sec (A + B) = , cos (A + B) =  A + B = 2m  .....(iv)
3 2 6
Solving (iii) and (iv), we get
1  
A   2m  n     
2 4 6
1  
B   2m  n      where m, n  I.
2 4 6
Hence, (A) is the correct answer.

13. If 3 sin2 + 2sin2 = 1 and 3 sin 2 = 2 sin 2, 0 <  < , then the values of  + 2 is
2
 
(*A) (B) (C) 0 (D) None of these
2 4
Sol. 2
Here, 3 sin  = cos2 and 3 sin . cos = sin 2.
Squaring and adding,
9 sin2 (sin2 + cos2) = 1
1 2 2
i.e. sin  = and cos  = .
3 3
1 1 2 2
 cos 2 = 3.  and sin 2 = .
9 3 3
2 2 1 1 2 2 3
 cos ( + 2) = cos . cos2 – sin . sin2 = .  .  0 and  + 2 < .
3 3 3 3 2

   2  .
2
Hence (a) is the correct answer.
14. If cos x – sin x  1 and 0  x  2, then the solution set for x is
    7   3 7 
(A)  0,    , 2 (B)  ,   {0}
 4   4  2 4
 3 
(C)  , 2  {0} (D) None of these
2 
  1
Sol. cos  x    . The value scheme for this is shown below..
 4 2
0
  
From the figure,   x   and 1 2
4 4 4
  
in general, 2n   x   2 
4 4 4 -1 1

 2n   x  2n.
4
1 2
 3 0
For n = 0, –  x  0,for n  1 ,  x  2.
2 2
Hence (c) is the correct answer.
8
15. The number of solutions of the equation
x3 + x2 + 4x + 2 sin x = 0 in 0 x  2, is
(A) Zero (B) One (C) Two (D) Four
Sol. Here, x3 + (x + 2)2 + 2 sin x = 4.
Clearly, x = 0 satisfied the equation
If 0 < x  , x3 + (x + 2)2 + 2 sin x > 4.
If  < x  2, x3 + (x + 2)2 + 2 sin x > 27 + 25 – 2.
So, x = 0 is the only solution.
16. If sin6 x = 1 + cos4 3x, then x is equal to

 3 
(A) (2n  1) , n  I (B) (2n  1) ,n  I (*C) (2n  1) , n  I (D) None of these
4 4 2
Sol. sin6x = 1 + cos4 3x  1
Hence sin6 x = 1 + cos4 3x  1 is possible only when
sin6 x = 1 + cos4 3x = 1
 sin6x = 1 and 1 + cos4 3x = 1
 sin2x = 1 and cos4 3x = 0
 cos2x = 0 and cos 3x = 0
 cos x = 0 and cos 3x = 0
 
 x = (2m + 1) and 3x = (2n + 1) , where m, n  I
2 2
 
 x = (2m + 1) and x = (2n + 1)
2 6

Common values of x is (2n + 1) , where n  I.
2

The required solution x = (2n + 1) , n  I.
2
17. The set of values of x for which

tan 3x  tan 2x
 1 is
1  tan 3x tan 2x
      
(A)  (B)   (C) n  , n  1, 2,3,........ (D) 2n  ,1, 2,3.....
4   4   4 
Sol. We have tan 3x  tan 2x  1

1  tan 3x tan 2x
 tan (3x – 2x) = 1  tan x = 1
 
 tan x = tan  x = n +
4 4
 
But for this value of x, tan 2x = tan  2n    
 2
Which does not satisfy the given equation as it reduces to indeterminate form.
9
2 x + |cos3 x|+ ....)
18. The number of value of x lying in the interval (–, ) which satisfy the equation 8(1+ |cos x| + cos is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
Sol. Now,
 1  3  3  6
1 + |cos x| + cos2 x + |cos3 x| + .......  = 8    4  2 2
 1 | cos x |   1 | cos x | 
3
 6  1 = 2 – 2 |cos x|
1 | cos x |
1 1   2 2
or | cos x |  cos x =   x  , , ,
2 2 3 3 3 3
 Number of solution = 4.
19. The equation p cos x – q sin x = r admits of a solution for x only if
2 2 2 2
(A) r < max {p, q} (B)  p  q  r  p  q
(C) r2 = p2 + q2 (D) None of these
Sol. Let, p = a cos  and – q = a sin 
 a (cos  cos x + sin  + sin x) = r
 a cos (x – ) = r
Thus the condition for solution is,
–a  r  a
where, a = p2  q 2
 Thus equation p cos x – q sin x = r admits solution for
 p2  q2  r  p2  q2
Hence (B) is the correct answer
20. If the equation cos 3x cos3 x + sin 3x sin3 x = 0 then x is equal to
  n
(A) (2n  1) (B) (2n  1) (C) (D) None of these
4 4 4
Sol. We have sin 3x = 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x
1
 sin3x = (3 sin x – sin 3x) and cos 3x = 4 cos3x – 3 cos x
4
1
 cos3 x = (cos 3x + 3 cos x)
4
1
 cos 3x cos3x + sin3x sin3x = [cos2 3x + 3 cos x cos 3x + 3 sin x sin 3x – sin2 3x]
4
1  
= [3 cos 2x + cos 6x] = cos3 2x  cos 2x = 0  2x = (2n + 1)  x = (2n  1) .
4 2 4
 x   x 
21. The general solution of the equation  cos  2sin x  sin x  1  sin  2cos x  cos x  0 is
 4   4 
(A) 2 + 8n (B) 2 + m (C) 2 + 4n (D) None of these
5x
Sol. The given equation can be simplified to sin  cos x  2
4
10
 5x   5x 
Since the greatest value of sin   and cos x is 1, their sum is equal to 2 only if sin    1 and cos x = 1
 4  4 
5x 
Simultaneously. That is,  2n  and x = 2k (n, k  I).
4 2
Since we have to choose those values of x which satisfy both of these equations, we have
8n 2 4n  1
2k =   k = , where both k and n are integers
5 5 5
n 1
We write k = n –
5
n 1
For = m, we have n + 5m, k = 1 + 4m (m  I).
5
Therefore, x = 2 + 8m (m  I)
Hence, (A) is the correct answer.
22. The value of x between 0 and 2 which satisfy the equation sin x 8cos 2 x  1 are in A.P., with, common difference
  3 5
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
4 8 8 8
1
Sol. We have sin x 8cos 2 x  1  sin x |cos x| =
2 2
Case - I : When cos x > 0
1 1  3 9 11  3 9 11
In this case sin x cos x =  sin 2 x =  2x = , , ,  x= , , ,
2 2 2 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8
 3
As x lies between 0 and 2 and cos x > 0, x  ,
8 8
Case - II : When cos x < 0
1 1 1
In this cases sin x |cos x| =  sin x cos x =  or sin 2x = 
2 2 2 2 2
5 7 13 15 5 7 
 x , , ,  x ,
8 8 8 8 8 8
 3 5 7 
Thus the values of x satisfying the given equation which lie between 0 and 2 are , , ,
8 8 8 8

These are in A.P. with common difference .
4
23. The value of  for which the following system has a non-trival solution :
(sin 3) x – y + z = 0 (cos 2)x + 4y + 3z = 0 2x + 7y + 7z = 0, are
 
(*A) n, n + (–1)n (B) n, n – (1)n
6 6
 
(C) 2n, n + (–1)n (D) n, n + (–1)n
6 3
Sol. The system has non-trival solution, if
11
sin 3 1 1
cos 2 4 3 0
2 7 7
On expanding, we get 7 sin 3 + 14 cos 2 – 14 = 0

 sin 3 + 2 cos 2 – 2 = 0  sin  [4 sin2 + 4 sin  – 3] = 0
 sin  = 0  = n or 4 sin2 + 4 sin  – 3 = 0
1 
 (2 sin  – 1) (2 sin  + 3) = 0  2 sin  – 1 = 0  sin  =  sin  
2 6
or 4 sin2 + 4 sin  – 3 = 0, which is not possible
 
  = n + (–1)n   = n or n + (–1)n
6 6
24. If cos4 x + a cos2 x + 1 = 0 has at least one solution, then
(A) a  [, ) (B) a  [–2, 2] (C) a  (–, –2] (D) a  R ~ (–2, 2)
Sol. cos4 x
+a cos2 x +
1 = 0, let t = cos2 x
 t  [0, 1]. Thus, we have t2 + at + 1 = 0. This quadratic must have atleast one root in [0, 1].
 a2 – 4  0, 1 + a + 1  0
 a  (–, –2]  [2, ), a  –2
 a  (–, –2]
1
25. A triangle ABC is such that sin (2A + B) = . If A, B, C are in A.P., then the values of A, B, C are
2
  5      
(*A) , , (B) , , (C) , , (D) None of these
3 4 12 2 3 6 2 4 4
1  
Sol. sin (2A + B) =  sin    2A + B = n + (–1)n
2 6 6

Also A + B + C =  and 2B = A + C  3B =  B =
3
5  5
From (i), for n = 1, 2A + B = A=  C = .
6 4 12
1
26. Total number of solutions of cosx. cos 2x. cos 3x = in [0, ], is equal to
4
(A) 4 (*B) 6 (C) 8 (D) None of these
1
Sol. cos x. cos2x. cos3x =
4
 4 cos 3x. cos x. cos 2x = 1  2 (cos 4x + cos 2x) cos 2x = 1
 2 (2 cos22x – 1 + cos 2x) cos 2x = 1  4 cos 32x + 2 cos22x – 2 cos 2x – 1 = 0
 2 cos22x (2 cos 2x + 1) – (2 cos 2x + 1) = 0  (2 cos 2x + 1) (2 cos2 2x – 1) = 0
 cos 4x. (2 cos 2x + 1) = 0

 cos 4x = 0  4x = (2n1 + 1)
2
  3 5 7 1 2
 x = (2n1 + 1)  , , , or cos 2x    2x  2n 2  
8 8 8 8 8 2 3
12
  2
 x  n 2   x ,
3 3 3
Thus there are six solutions

27. The number of roots of the equation x + 2 tan x = in the interval [0, 2] is
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) Infinite
  x
Sol. We have, x + 2 tan x = or tan x = 
2 4 2
 x
Now the graphs of the curve y = tan x and y =  , in the interval [0, 2] intersect at three points. The abscissa of
4 2
these three points are the roots of the equation.
y
y y = tan x
x
0
x
y=
2
 x
Now the graphs of the curve y = tan x and y =  , in the interval [0, 2] intersect at three points. The abscissa of
4 2
these three points are the roots of the equation.
Hence (c) is the correct answer.
28. The number of all possible 5-tuples (a1, a2, a3, a4, a5) such that a1 + a2 sin x + a3 cos x + a4 sin 2x + a5 cos 2x = 0 holds
for all x is
(A) Zero (*B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
Sol. Since the equation
a1 + a2 sin x + a3 cos x + a4 sin 2x + a5 cos 2x = 0
holds for all values of x,
a1 + a3 + a5 = 0 (on putting x = 0)
a1 – a3 + a5 = 0 (on putting x = )
 a3 = 0 and a1 + a5 = 0 .....(i)
 3
Putting x = and , we get
2 2
a1 + a2 – a5 and a1 – a2 + a5 = 0
 a1 = 0 and a2 – a5 = 0 .....(ii)
Equation (i) and (ii) give

a1 = a2 = a3 = a5 = 0
The given equation reduces to a4 sin 2x = 0. This is true for all values of x, therefore, a4 = 0
Hence a1 = a2 = a3 = a4 = a5 = 0.
Thus the number of 5-tuples is one.
13
EXERCISE–I
1 1 1
 log 5 (sin x )  log15 cos x
1. Solve the equation for x, 52 5 2 = 15 2
2. Find all the values of  satisfying the equation; sin + sin 5 = sin 3 such that 0    .
3. Solve the equality: 2 sin 11x + cos 3x + 3 sin 3x = 0

4. Find all value of , between 0 & , which satisfy the equation; cos . cos 2 . cos 3  = 1/4.
x x
5. Find the general solution of the equation , 2 + tan x · cot + cot x · tan = 0
2 2
6. Solve for x , the equation 13  18 tanx = 6 tan x – 3, where – 2 < x < 2.
7. Determine the smallest positive value of x which satisfy the equation, 1  sin 2 x  2 cos 3 x  0 .
 
8. 2 sin  3 x    1  8 sin 2 x . cos 2 2 x
 4
9. Find the number of principal solution of the equation, sin x – sin 3x + sin 5x = cos x – cos 3x + cos 5x.
1 
  log 3 (cos x  sin x ) 
2  log 2 (cos x sin x )
10. Find the general solution of the trigonometric equation 3 2  2.
11. Find all values of  between 0° & 180° satisfying the equation;
cos 6  + cos 4 + cos 2 + 1 = 0 .
12. Find the solution set of the equation, log x 2 6x (sin 3x + sin x) = log x 2 6x (sin 2x).
10 10
13. Find the value of , which satisfy 3  2 cos 4 sin cos 2+ sin 2 = 0.
14. Find the general solution of the equation, sin x + cos x = 0. Also find the sum of all solutions
in [0, 100].
15. Find the least positive angle measured in degrees satisfying the equation
sin3x + sin32x + sin33x = (sinx + sin2x + sin3x)3.
16. Find the range of y such that the equation , y + cos x = sin x has a real solution. For y = 1 , find
x such that 0 < x < 2.
17. Find the general values of  for which the quadratic function
cos   sin 
(sin) x2 + (2cos)x + is the square of a linear function.
2
18. Prove that the equations
(a) sin x · sin 2x · sin 3x = 1 (b) sin x · cos 4x · sin 5x = – 1/2
have no solution.
19. Let f (x) = sin6x + cos6x + k(sin4x + cos4x) for some real number k. Determine
(a) all real numbers k for which f (x) is constant for all values of x.
(b) all real numbers k for which there exists a real number 'c' such that f (c) = 0.
(c) If k = – 0.7, determine all solutions to the equation f (x) = 0.
14
20. If  and  are the roots of the equation, a cos + b sin = c then match the entries of column-I
with the entries of column-II.
Column-I Column-II
2b
(A) sin + sin  (P)
a c
ca
(B) sin . sin  (Q)
c a
  2bc
(C) tan + tan (R)
2 2 a b2
2
  c 2 a 2
(D) tan . tan = (S)
2 2 a 2 b 2
EXERCISE–II
1. Solve the equation : sin 5x = 16 sin5 x.

2. Find all the solutions of, 4 cos2x sin x  2 sin2x = 3 sin x.
3. Solve for x, ( x ) the equation; 2 (cos x + cos 2 x) + sin 2 x (1 + 2 cos x) = 2 sin x.
4. Find the general solution of the following equation : 2 (sin x  cos 2x)  sin 2x (1 + 2 sinx) + 2 cos x = 0.
5. Solve the inequality sin2x > 2 sin2x + (2 – 2 )cos2x.

3x x
6. Find the values of x, between 0 & 2, satisfying the equation ; cos 3x + cos 2x = sin + sin .
2 2
7. Find the set of values of 'a' for which the equation, sin4 x + cos4 x + sin 2x + a = 0 possesses solutions.
Also find the general solution for these values of 'a'.
8. Solve: tan22x + cot22x + 2 tan 2x + 2 cot 2x = 6.
x
sec 2
2
9. Solve the equation: 1 + 2 cosecx = – .
2
10. Solve: tan2x . tan23x . tan 4x = tan2x  tan23x + tan 4x.
   3 
11. Find the set of values of x satisfying the equality sin  x   – cos  x   = 1 and the inequality
 4  4 
2 cos 7 x
 2cos 2 x .
cos 3  sin 3
 x  x
12. Solve: sin    cos    2 sin x .
 2   2 
2x  1 2x  1 2x  1
13. Find the general solution of the equation, sin + sin  3 cos2 = 0.
x 3x 3x
14. Let S be the set of all those solutions of the equation,
(1 + k)cos x cos (2x ) = (1 + k cos 2x) cos(x ) which are independent of k & . Let H be the
set of all such solutions which are dependent on k & . Find the condition on k &  such that H is a
non-empty set, state S. If a subset of H is (0, ) in which k = 0, then find all the permissible values of .
15
x cos 3 y  3x cos y sin 2 y  14
15. Solve for x & y,
x sin 3 y  3x cos 2 y sin y  13
16. Find the value of  for which the three elements set S = {sin , sin 2, sin 3} is equal to the three
element set T = {cos , cos 2, cos 3}.
17. Find all values of 'a' for which every root of the equation, a cos 2x + a cos 4x + cos 6x = 1
1
is also a root of the equation, sin x cos 2 x = sin 2x cos 3x  sin 5x, and conversely, every root of
2
the second equation is also a root of the first equation.
18. Solve the equations for 'x' given in column-I and match with the entries of column-II.
Column-I Column-II

(A) cos 3x . cos3 x + sin 3x . sin3 x = 0 (P) n ±
3

(B) sin 3 = 4 sin  sin(x + ) sin(x  ) (Q) n + , nI
4
where  is a constant  n.
n 
(C) | 2 tan x – 1 | + | 2 cot x – 1 | = 2. (R)  , nI
4 8
29 n 
(D) sin10x + cos10x = cos42x. (S) ±
16 2 4
EXERCISE–III
1. Find the general values of x and y satisfying the equations
5 sin x cos y = 1, 4 tan x = tan y [JEE '98, 3]
2. Find real values of x for which, 27cos 2x . 81sin 2x is minimum . Also find this minimum value.
[REE 2000, 3]
3. Solve the following system of equations for x and y [REE ’2001(mains), 3]
(cos ec 2 x  3 sec 2 y)
5 = 1 and 2 (2 cos ecx  3 |sec y|) = 64.
4. The number of integral values of k for which the equation 7cosx + 5sinx = 2k + 1 has a solution is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12
[JEE 2002 (Screening), 3]
5. cos( – ) = 1 and cos( + ) = 1/e, where ,   [–, ], numbers of pairs of ,  which satisfy
both the equations is [JEE 2005 (Screening)]
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
6. If 0 <  < 2, then the intervals of values of  for which 2sin2 – 5sin + 2 > 0, is
    5    5       5   41 
(A)  0,    , 2  (B)  ,  (C)  0,    ,  (D)  , 
 6  6  8 6   8 6 6   48 
[JEE 2006, 3]
7. The number of solutions of the pair of equations
2 sin2 – cos2 = 0
2 cos2 – 3 sin  = 0
in the interval [0, 2] is
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) four [JEE 2007, 3]
16
8. The number of all possible values of , where 0 <  < , for which the system of equations
(y + z)cos 3 = (xyz) sin 3 [JEE 2010]
2cos3 2sin 3
x sin 3 = 
y z
(xyz) sin 3 = (y + 2z) cos 3 + y sin 3
have a solution (x0, y0, z0) with y0z0 0, is
   n
9. The number of values of  in the interval   ,  such that   for n = 0, ±1, ±2 and
 2 2 5
tan = cot 5 as well as sin 2 = cos 4 is [JEE 2010]
10. Let P = { : sin  – cos  = 2 cos } and Q = { : sin  + cos  = 2 sin } be two sets. Then
(A) P Q and Q – P Q (B) Q P [JEE 2011]
(C) P Q (D) P = Q
11. For x (0, ), the equation sin x + 2 sin 2x – sin 3x = 3 has : [JEE Adv. 2014]
(A) infinitely many solutions (B) three solutions
(C) one solution (D) no solution
5
12. The number of distinct solutions of the equation cos2 2x + cos4 x + sin4 x + cos6 x + sin6 x = 2 in
4
the interval [0, 2] is [JEE Adv. 2015]
13. If 0  x  2, then the number of real values of x, which satisfy the equation
cosx + cos2x + cos3x + cos4x = 0, is [JEE Main 2016]
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9
 
14. Let S = x  (, ) : x  0,   . The sum of all distinct solutions of the equation 3 secx + cosecx +
 2
2(tanx – cotx) = 0 in the set S is equal to [JEE Adv. 2016]
7 2 5
(A)  (B)  (C) 0 (D)
9 9 9
     1
15. If sum of all the solutions of the equation 8 cos x  cos   x  cos   x    = 1 in [0, ] is k,
 6  6  2
then k is equal to [JEE Main 2018]
20 2 13 8
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 3 9 9
17
ANSWER KEY
TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
 (8n  1) (2k  1)
1. x = (–1)n + n (n  Z) 2. , (n, k  Z)
6 28 14
2(3k  1) (6k  (1)k )
3. n, (n, k  Z) 4.  + 2n, (n, k  Z)
3 6
(4n  1) (4n  1) (3k  1)
5. , k, (n, k  Z) 6. , (n, k  Z)
2 4 3
(4k  1) (3k  1)
7. n/2, (n  N) 8. , (n, k  Z)
2 3
(4n  1) (6k  (1) k )

9. , (n, k  Z) 10. 2n (n  Z)
2 6
(4k  1) (3n  1)
11. , (n, k  Z)
4 3
PROFICIENCY TEST-02
n (6k  1) (4m  1) (4k  1)
1. , , (n, k  Z) 2. 2n, , (n, m, k  Z)
2 3 2 4
n (2k  1) 2n (2k  1)
3. , (n, k  Z) 4. , (2m + 1) (n, k, m  Z)
3 8 5 2
(8n  3) (8k  1) (6n  (1)n )

5. , (n, k  Z) 6. arctan (2 ± 3) + n  (n  Z)
24 16 12
(2n  1) n
7. (n, k  Z) 8. (n  Z)
4 4
(2k  1) (4n  1)
9. n, (n, k  Z) 10. (n  Z)
20 4
n (2k  1)
11. , (n, k  Z)
5 2
PROFICIENCY TEST-03
(2n  1) (3k  1) (4k  1)
1. , (n, k  Z) 2. (k  Z)
8 3 10
(2n  1) (6k  (1) k )

3. , 4. n + arctan (–1 ± 3) (n  Z)
4 12
(6n  (1)n ) (4n  1) (4k  1) (4  1)  2

5. (n  Z) 6. , 2m, , + (–1)l arcsin   (n, m, k,  Z)
6 4 2 4  4 
(8k  1) (8n  3)
7. , (n, k  Z) 8. n – arctan (1/2) (n  Z)
4 12
(2n  1) 2(3k  1) (6n  (1)n )

9. , (n, k  Z) 10. (n  Z)
6 9 18
2(3n  1)
11. (n  Z)
3
EXERCISE–I
   2 5
1. x = 2n + , nI 2. 0, , , , &
6 6 3 3 6
n  n 7    3 5 2 7
3. x=  or x =  ,nI 4. , , , , ,
7 84 4 48 8 3 8 8 3 8
2 2
5. x = 2n ± ,nI 6.  2 ;   , ,  + , where tan  =
3 3
 17 
7. x = /16 8. x  2 n  or 2n  ; nI
12 12

9. 10 solutions 10. x = 2n +
12
5
11. 30° , 45° , 90° , 135° , 150° 12. x=
3
 1
13. = 2 n  or 2 n  + ; nI 14. x=n– , n  I ; sum = 5025
2 4
 
15. 72° 16.  2y 2 ; , 17. 2n  or (2n+1) – tan–12 , n I
2 4
3  1 n 
19. (a) –
2
; (b) k    1,  2  ; (c) x = 2 ± 6 20. (A) R; (B) S; (C) P; (D) Q
 
EXERCISE–II

1. x = n  or x = n  ±
6
  3   
2. n ; n + (1)n or n + (1)n   3. , , 
10  10  3 2
  
4. x = 2 n  or x = n + (1)n   or x = n  + (1)n
 2 6
   5 9  13 
5. n  < x < n  6. , ,, ,
8 4 7 7 7 7
1  3 1
7.
2  n   (1) n

sin 1 1  2 a  3  where n  I and a   , 
2 2  
n  n  
8. x= + (1)n or + (1)n+1 9. x = 2n 
4 8 4 24 2
(2 n  1)  k  , where n , k  I 3
10. 11. x = 2n + , n I
4 4
2 2
   4m  
12. x = 4n   or x =    where m, n  W..
 2  3 2
2 1
13. x= or where n  I
6 n   3  4 3 n   3 (  1) n sin 1 34  2
14. (i) k sin  1 (ii) S = n  , n  I (iii)  ( m , 2  m ) m  I
1 n 
15. x = ± 5 5 & y = n + tan1 16. 
2 2 8
17. a = 0 or a <  1 18. (A) S; (B) P; (C) Q; (D) R
EXERCISE–III
     
1. y = (n – m) + (–1)n – (–1)m ; x = (m + n) + (–1)n + (–1)m
2 4 2 2 4 2
 3
where  = sin–1    , m, n  I
 5
 1 3
2. Min. value = 3 5 for x = (4n – 1) – tan 1 , n I
4 2 4
 1 3
Max. value = 35 for x = (4n + 1) – tan 1 , n I
4 2 4
 
3. x = n + (–1)n and y = m ± where m & n are integers.
6 6
4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C
8. 3 9. 3 10. D 11. D
12. 8 13. C 14. C 15. C
***********************

Sheet - Trigonometric PH-2 by MC Sir

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Sheet - Trigonometric PH-2 by MC Sir

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Best Approach

Key Concepts Proficiency Test I

6. tan²  = tan²    = n  ± . [ Note :  is called the principal angle ]

7. sin4 x = 1 – cos4 x 8. 3 sin x – tan x + tan x sin x – 3 = 0

7. sec x + cosec x = 2 2 8. cos2 x – 2 cos x = 4 sin x – sin 2x

9. cos 9x – 2 cos 6x = 2 10. 4 sin 3x + 3 = 2sin 3x  2

(B) irrational of the form p

16. If sin6 x = 1 + cos4 3x, then x is equal to

17. The set of values of x for which

Sol. We have tan 3x  tan 2x  1

On expanding, we get 7 sin 3 + 14 cos 2 – 14 = 0

Equation (i) and (ii) give

3. Solve the equality: 2 sin 11x + cos 3x + 3 sin 3x = 0

1. Solve the equation : sin 5x = 16 sin5 x.

5. Solve the inequality sin2x > 2 sin2x + (2 – 2 )cos2x.

(4n  1) (6k  (1) k )

(8n  3) (8k  1) (6n  (1)n )

(2n  1) (6k  (1) k )

(6n  (1)n ) (4n  1) (4k  1) (4  1)  2

(2n  1) 2(3k  1) (6n  (1)n )

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