DREDGING AND MARITIME CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION
by

ir Bernard Malherbe
Director Project Development Jan De Nul Group

1
Western Scheldt Estuary: a creek-system that evolved
towards an estuarium with heavy traffic ( > 60.000
channel-bound ship movements per year)

Dikes

Polderisations of
Schorre & Slikke &
Secundary creeks

Dredging on shoal-crossing
bars
 MAINTENANCE DREDGING

Maintenance and Deepening Works in the Western Scheldt

and the Scheldt Estuary - Belgium I 2006-2013
Dredging: sand 13,000,000 m3/year, silt 1,500,000 m3/year I Reclamation: 13,500,000 m3
 Analysis of morphological changes of the
estuary bed (1992-1994)in a period with no
deepening dredging works (ref HAECON
1996)

Erosion: red & brown

Sedimentation: blue
TSHD “Alexander von Humboldt” dredging Port of Zeebrugge

5
Port extension of Zeebrugge: Engineering Design and Construction of Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Design: 1976 – 1982

Construction: 1980 – 1986
Investment: 1,75 bn Euros

Port of Zeebrugge (1906), anno 1970 Port of Zeebrugge , anno 1988

6
TSHD “Alexander von Humboldt” reclaiming Port area West, Zeebrugge

7
Port extension of Zeebrugge: Engineering Design and Construction of Rubble Mound Breakwaters

Port of Zeebrugge , anno 1988 Port of Zeebrugge , anno 2003

8
TSHD “Sanderus” (1968) vs. TSHD “Vasco da Gama” (2000)

9
TSHD “Sanderus” (1968) vs. TSHD “Vasco da Gama” (2000)

10
TRAILING SUCTION HOPPER DREDGERS
 Dredging loose material: sand, clay or gravel
 Suction tubes with drag head
 Stored in the ‘hopper’ of the vessel
 Dump the material through bottom doors
 Rainbowing technique
 Floating pipeline technique
 Vasco da Gama
WORKING PRINCIPLES
 Cristóbal Colón
 James Cook…

11
 ©~N~ .Jan De Nul
~ GRO U P

........................................................................ . .
TRAILING SUCTION HOPPER DREDGERS
ALVAR NUÑEZ
MANZANILLO 11 CABECA DE VACA
GERARDUS MERCATOR

"', 2. t r2"
FRANCIS BEAUFORT

;!
CAPITAN NUÑEZ

\)*
L
dt S fi t+,

DE BOUGAINVILLE SEBASTIANO CABOTO

.,..
LEIV EIRIKSSON
JUAN SEBASTlÁN
DE ELCANO
ALEXANDER
VON HUMBOLDT SANDERUS
";'2Wr fi t+,

~ 919 ;
DE LAPÉROUSE PINTA

FRANCESCO ti'a,' # 17 d

JAMES COOK AL-IDRISI DI GIORGIO

~ ~ fi ~" JAMES ENSOR

¿ El rl- #
NIÑA

17 d

;
-;;;ro
JDN 8035

ffit ; '1 r2,'

FILlPPO BRUNELLESCHI

;!
VITUS BERING

~
TACCOLA

fi~+r AMERIGO VESPUCCI GALlLEI 2000

~ ~

12
CSD “Ortelius” (1965) vs CSD “JFJ De Nul” (2003)

13
CUTTER SUCTION DREDGERS
 Stationary
 Rotating cutter head
 Dredge pumps
 Pumped ashore using pumps and a floating pipeline
 Loaded into a split hopper barge moored alongside
 J.F.J. De Nul
 Leonardo Da Vinci
 Ibn Battuta… WORKING PRINCIPLES

14
 CUTTER SUCTION DREDGERS

J.F.J. De Nul

15
SPLIT HOPPER BARGES

16
 SPLIT HOPPER BARGES

L’Aigle I La Boudeuse I L’Etoile I Le Guerrier I Le Sphinx

17
BACKHOE DREDGERS
 Common type of dredger, generally non-self propelled.
 Hydraulic excavator, performing the dredging operation
 Mounted on a pontoon stabilized by means of spuds.
 Vitruvius
 Mimar Sinan
 Jerommeke…

WORKING PRINCIPLES

18
BACKHOE DREDGERS

19
 BACKHOE DREDGERS

Vitruvius

20
SUB SEA ROCK INSTALLATION
 Side Dumping Vessel
 Willem De Vlamingh
 Pompei
 Stone Dumping through Fall Pipe
 Simon Stevin
 La Boudeuse

21
 STONE DUMPING VESSEL

La Boudeuse I Dynamic Positioned Flexible Fall Pipe Vessel

22
Simon Stevin on Pluto
Pipeline Cover Work,
Australia

23
Hong Kong: Chek Lap Kok Airport

Key Figures:
Client : Provisional Airport Authority
Surface of land to create : 1.510 ha
Volume of reclamation: 198 Mm3
Length of Breakwater : 10.200 m’
Period: 1992 – 1996
Investment : 1.159 M $

24
---------------------------------------------
Chek Lap Kok island in Pearl River estuary
...

25
©B
~ .lan De Hui
GROUP

Kong: Chek Lap Kok Airport

Hong Kong:

Preliminary earth-moving works

26
------------------------------------------------...
Hong Kong: Chek Lap Kok Airport

27
 HIDROVIA S.A.

A Unique
 Project: the
concession for capital
dredging, maintenance
dredging, buoyage and
toll of more than 700 km
of waterways

Welcome to Argentina
and the mother of all
estuaries: the Rio de la
Plata

28
 Rio Uruguay: 4.000 – 33.000
LANDSAT 7 ETM+ DATA – 19/01/2000
m3/sec
Image 2

Conventional False-Colorcomposite
(Near Infrared (4) – Red (3) – Green (2))
Land is masked (black)
Contrast enhancement : - Linear stretch only for the
water
- Median (5*5)- filter used to
Rio Paranà: reduce noise
10.000-
40.000 m3/sec Patterns of sediment transport can be detected.

Colonia

Rio de la Plata

Buenos Aires

La Plata
29
 Dredging the Rio Paranà

................................................................

TSHD Captan Nuñez, , maintenance dredging CSD Marco Polo widening the Paranà River
Argentina
30
 HIDROVIA Waterway Concession

 Cereals and derivates

1995 2005 Growth

Area Fields 21 Mill Ha 40 Mill ha 90%

Production 40 Mill ton 70 Mill ton 75%

Exported via Hidrovia 21 Mill ton 45 Mill ton 114%

 Containers
Export river/total country 70% 80%

Total export Argentina 27 Mill ton 50 Mill ton 86 %

1995 2005 Growth

TEU movement Buenos Aires 750.000 teu 1.100.000 teu 47%

31
 Rio de la Plata before and after implementation of Hidrovia project

HIDROVIA Maritime Traffic Records

20000
Number of Vessel Movements /Year

15000

10000

5000
HIDROVIA Concession Contract for Jan De
N l

0
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Movimientos Annuales de buques
32
 CAPITAL DREDGING

Montevideo Access Channel Dredging - Uruguay I 2005-2008

33
Singapore: Reclamation of Pulau Ubin and Pulau
Tekong Islands

Key Figures:
Client : Housing and Development Board
Surface of land to create : 1.480 ha
Volume of Sand to reclaim: 164 Mm3
Length of Breakwater : 14.800 m’
Period: 2000 – 2005
Investment : 850 M €

Area D1, November 2001

Southern part of Pulau Tekong

Area A- at Pulau Tekong Kechil, June 2002

34
TSHD “Vasco da Gama” reclaiming at Pulau Ubin Tekong, Singapore

35
 Singapore: Reclamation of Pulau Ubin and Pulau
Tekong Islands

Design Elements:
• Storm Surge level: CD + 3m
• Natural waterdepths: CD- 2 to -20m
• Design Wave Heigth: Hs = 0,6 m
• Design Wave Period : Tm = 2,9 sec
• Vcurr = 1,5 m/sec

15 m
TOP OF REVETMENT
Sand Compensation and Surcharge CLUSTER
+103.8 mCD +5.63 mCD +4.50 mCD
HWM +2.515 mCD
Reclamation Sand +0.50 mCD
Sand Spray -3.00 mCD STONE REVETMENT CLUSTER
S lo pe 1:6 SANDBUND
Dredge Material
e 1:3 Slope 1 Slop
Slop :6 e 1:
3 Existing
Marine Clay Seabed Profile
Slo
pe
1:2 1 :2
Fluvial Clay SANDKEY TRENCH pe
Slo
Residual Soil
36
 Singapore: Reclamation of Pulau Ubin and Pulau
Tekong Islands
Legend
Level s in m

••
IJ
-6..>
" 5 - :0
..~ - ,.
+999
+6
+5
O
O
O
-3~-2

-4 ~ "
-5~ -4
PULAU UBIN AREA A

O ·3 -> +4 t:I "~5

•••
O · 2-> +3 -7..:> -6

• -1-> +2 -8 .." _7
O
•
O
0_+1
- 1 -> O
- 2 -> - 1 •
-9~ "
-~ ..
SECTI0 1'l A _ A
""'-'-'-""

_______ ~..L"!.~.&...

~· W_----~~----I

117 0m Pulau
Rec::laftletlon zane
C+4 •omCO")

N
E
~S
,

37
 Dubai, Palm Jebel Ali Island
Key Figures:
Client : Nakheel, Dubai World
Surface of land to create : 950 ha
Volume of Sand to reclaim: 155 Mm3
Length of Breakwater : 17.000 m’
Rock volume breakwaters: 5 Mm3
Period: 2004 – 2008
Investment : 735 M €

November 2006

December 2004 August 2008

38
Dubai Palm Jebel Ali Island, design
 Design Elements of Breakwaters:
 Storm Surge level: DMD + 2,85/ 2,70 m
 Natural waterdepths: CD- 5 to – 8 m
 Design Wave Heigth: Hs = 4,3 – 3,2 m
 Design Wave Period : Tm = 10,4 sec
 Currents = vmax = 1 m/sec

39
40
41
42
CSD ‘Marco Polo’ with spray-pontoon
dredging caprock

43
Dubai Waterfront Islands

Key Figures:
Client : Nakheel, Dubai World
Surface of land to create : 2.500 ha
Waterdepths: DMD – 6 to -11m
Volume of Sand to reclaim: 350 Mm3
Length of Breakwater : 42.000 m’
Rock volume breakwaters: 14 Mm3
Period: 2006 – 2009
Investment : 1.350 M €

44
Duballand

45
Physical tests of Berm Breakwater (Wave Flume)

46
 Palm Jebel Ali Crescent
Dubai Waterfront Islands
nr 1 & nr 2

Sea-defence rock-works Work Progress as per

September 2007

Beachline

Causeway

47
 SECTION A-A
,Legend .--...-.""
O
""
•• .. ..,.·s
,.:> '8

...... ·8
O
O
O
.-..
~-.
~-

.
O
O
.J ... '4
·2 .~
"1 ." -2
.)
••"
•
40-'> 1
~2 "' _10
_1.. ... _12

. -. •
O O .~.1 -' 8 ..... . 1.
CI -1.,.0 · '0""
O

48
49
 Dubai: New Island Development

Key Figures:
Client : Nakheel, Dubai World
Surface of land to create : 43,5 ha
Waterdepths: DMD – 22m
Volume of Sand to reclaim: 29 Mm3
Rock volume breakwaters: 3,2 Mm3
Period: 2007 – 2009
Investment : 165 M €

50
 New Island Development:
JDN introduced a new concept of Submerged ‘Reef’ Breakwater

Design Elements of Breakwaters:

 Storm Surge level: DMD + 2,85m
 Natural waterdepths: CD- 22m
 Design Wave Heigth: Hs = 5,8m
 Design Wave Period : Tp = 10,4 sec
 Currents = vmax = 1 m/sec

Physical Wave
Flume (1/40)

3D design of “ Roundheads”

51
©~N~
~ Jan De Nul
GROUP

~
ROCIC,,"11 :~_
ROC Ko.:.-& T'''''''' ....
CIUAAFtY R\IH: ~ 1<0
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Snelheidsvectorveld
1 """"""'"===
0.5
o
2 4 8

52
©~N~
~ Jan De Nul
GROUP

~
ROCIC,,"11 :~_
ROC Ko.:.-& T'''''''' ....
CIUAAFtY R\IH: ~ 1<0
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Snelheidsvectorveld
1 ~~~~~~~~

0.5
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2 4 6 8 10

53
©~N~
~ Jan De Nul
GROUP

~
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CIUAAFtY R\IH: ~ 1<0
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Snelheidsvectorveld
1
0.5
o

54
©~N~
~ Jan De Nul
GROUP

~
ROCIC,,"11 :~_
ROC Ko.:.-& T'''''''' ....
CIUAAFtY R\IH: ~ 1<0
C$O:~"""""' (<IoO.1 ...... "2lXlnMn11l$Oo14""'1
U.~"OI' Ll :"""_I<I5()o(I .""",)

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0.5
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55
€l~ .Ja~ ~",:!ul

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U.~"OI' Ll :"""_I<I5()o(I .""",)

Snelheidsvectorveld
1
0.5

2 4 6 8 10 12

56
 New Island Development: Submerged ‘Reef’ Breakwater

Validation of breakwater-design by Physical Model tests

Overtopping Discharge Damage to Armour layer

57
©~N~
~ .Jan De Nul
GRO U P New Island Development, Dubai
•• •

~ ~
•~ •~ i ~
•~ •~ i i
~

"""""- @
"~~~.

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58
Saadiyat Island Project, Abu Dhabi

Key Figures:
Client : TDIC (Tourism Development &
Investment Company)
Surface of land to create : 43,5 ha
Waterdepths: DMD – 22m
Volume of reclamation: 70 Mm3
Rock volume breakwaters: 0,876 Mm3
Period: 2007 – 2009
Investment : 335 M €

59
Numerical hydraulic studies for engineering

60
 Saudi Arabia: Manifa Oil Field Development

Scope
• 27 Causeway Drill Islands
• 41 Km. Causeway Length
• 1 Main Bridge – 2.4 Km
• 5 Short Bridge EA. 150 M
• 8 Culverts EA. 50 M

Key Figures:
Client : Saudi Aramco
Waterdepths: CD- 4 to -8m
Volume of Sand to reclaim: 43 Mm3
Rock volume breakwaters: 6,3 Mm3
Period: 2008 – 2010
Investment : 1,100 M €

61
 Manifa Field : Hydrodynamics of wave-attack
•• •
!I
Il
4.2
~

4.0 ·
~
3.8
f
~
3."

3.4
i
?
•,•!
•It
·~
!

i
l
I.O(~t,,)
A_
~ l<
1 3 - 14
12- 13
t 15 - 1 2
D 1.1 - 1.15
0 1.05. 11
1 _1.05
0.Sl5· 1
OSl·0.9S
08· 09
07· 08
06- 0 7
0.045· 06
0.3 - 0.45
o 1S . D3
BeIow o 15
o.• 1.0 1 .• 2.0 2 .• 3 .•
(kllomotor)
Fiaure 3-1 : Full bathym etry Manita Cau seway Prajec t (ald alignmentl Sule 1 :25240

62
 Manifa Field: Stability engineering of Breakwater

Hydrodynamic Stability

Geotechnical Stability

63
 ©~N~ .Jan De Nul
~ GROUP

........................................................................ . .
Engineering Design of Manifa Oil Field Islands

MAHlFA FIELD OEVEl OPMENT OVERTOPPING MOOEl TESTS OH SECTlON Me ISIope 112.251 ( EXPQSED EASTERN ISLANDS )

0.0030000 , - - - - , . . . . - - - , . . . . - -- - , , -- - - - , - - ---,, -- - - , - - - - , - . . ,
IHs=2.65m I
Oeoign W.....
O.OO25OO(11----l----¡-----Ir------I----IIe-~-'""·~'~·~'r_...J·--t_-_I
i ee..;,. w.....
! 0.0020000 l----l----f~""·"~'~·m~4----+-- .- t-- - -f-- - -f---I
.•
~
.,
~O.OOI5OO(11--"~~ · ~~~~~O~"~i~~~~~--I-----r----I----t----t_-_I
8 Oit<:har9" Q ~ o,oo, m.Wrn' ~

!O.~OOM t_---t_-~"----_1~--~~~-~~--_1---~--{
,.
!
-
.. ...
T

•. _l----.j....-~~~--~I....~_ ___~~I_--__i---__i-...J
,., 2.' 2.'
_ _ HeigI!IHmOtml
2.' U
f 2.'

a C,..,.,CD · e...

4 4

LATERAL (SECOtfDARY) CAUSEWAY - EAST )

Hs =2.20m

S HELT ERED Sl DE EXPOSED SlDE

, ', .
··· ·.~ F~ :'· ··,, ···
.: ..

6 4
""

64
 Saoudi Arabia: Manifa Oil Field Development

........................................................................... . .
MANIFA FIELD DEVELOPMENT
SAUDI ARABIA

• Land reclamation
• Bridge abutments
• Q uay walls
• Rock revetments
• Dredge areas
• Road wo~s "'8 ..> "-999 O - 1 .-.> o
....7 · '" "'8 O -2 -"' · 1
+6 -> . 7 O -> -2
.s ~ . O "'->-3
..-4 - > ...5
•• ~ -> ..
-> 5

•
•
_7 · !Ioo -6
~9 "" -7

65
Saoudi Arabia: Manifa Oil Field Development

66
 Saoudi Arabia: Manifa Oil Field Development
------------------------------------------------...

67
 BAHIA DE FONSECA, El Salvador
CAPITAL & MAINTENANCE DREDGING IN A TROPICAL ESTUARY

........................................................................... . .

BOTTOM (m)
. , .0
14800.0
0.0
• - 5.0
• ·10.0
-15.0
-20.0
141\10'U
• -~5.0
• - ,00
- J~.O

• ·'0.0
l<11OnO •-~SO
•
• - 50.0
•

· ES.O
- -9.0

145Ot'0

Figure 4 TELURAy model bathymetr)' showing loralion oC propo, ed r han nel and
near, hore wav. dimate predirtion point,

68
 Outer Channel: observed accretion in the OC centerline (longitudinal profile)
........................................................................... ..

-9
L1 L2 L3 91 82 93 94 95 S1 S2 S3
,
,
Jun 2006
Sep 2006
-10 Deo 2006
Apr2007

-11

O-
Ü -12
.s
Q)
> -13
~

-14

-15

-16
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 240
Distance Cm)

69
 PORT INFRASTRUCTURE WORKS

Callao Terminal - Peru I 2008-2010

Dredging: approx. 4,000,000 m³, Reclamation: approx. 2,000,000 m³

70
Landfill of Quay-Platform behind Quay-wall, Callao, Peru

71
Dredging of Botany Bay Access-Channel, Sydney, Australia

72
Loading Quarry Run for Breakwater Core, Saadiyat, Abu Dhabi

73
Reclamation of LNG-terminal, Aniva Bay, Eastern Siberia

74
Seychelles, Rubble Mound Sea Defense Works for Artificial Islands (1998-
2003)
130,000 tons rock works

75
Maintenance of cutter-Head, Ras laffan, Qatar

76
Dredging of Offshore Langeled Gas-Pipeline Trench, Easington, UK

77
-----.------------------------------------------- ...
PORT CONSTRUCTION & RECLAMATION

Jebel Ali New Container Terminal Stage 1 - Dubai (U.A.E.) I 2005-2009

Dredging: 22,000,000 m3
Reclamation: 22,000,000 m3

78
---------------_...
Land reclamation in Pipavav, Mumbay, India

79
------------------------------------------------.....
CSD “Vesalius” dredging access-channel in Barbados

80
 MAINTENANCE DREDGING
....BP------------------------------------------···
----~

Dredging of the Calabar Access Channel Downstream Section - Nigeria I 2006-2007

Dredging: 12,750,000 m3

81
 CAPITAL DREDGING

Widening and Deepening of the Atlantic entrance of the Panama Canal - Panama I 2004-2005
Dredging: 2,350,000 m3
Reclamation: 1,750,000 m3 dumped, 600,000 m3 reclaimed

82
 SEDIMENT TREATMENT AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DREDGING

Remediation and rehabilitation works at the north coastline of Sfax – Taparura project
(Tunisia) I 2006-2009
83
 RECLAMATION DREDGING

Reclamation Works for the new LNG Terminal at Soyo - Angola I 2006-2009
Dredging: 24,500,000 m³
Reclamation: 9,000,000 m³

84
 RECLAMATION DREDGING

Beach Replenishment in Cancun - Mexico I 2005-2006

Dredging: 2,700,000 m³
Reclamation: 2,700,000 m³

85
 INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT,
BELGIUM

VlAAMSE BAAIEN 21.00

vv..
..._ ~~~~
......... huch _ _ bnok uch.. kw.t.

D" Panu," W,st: bor dt' nilluu!' on~ ID'C H U brf't'd slralld n' iligbl'id biffi l. :\liddt'lkfrkr: IJO f bardi' lffWf' I'ini f U I' U uilspro ua:t' u ID" I f f U nan\\" slra ud
rt' ~u l tt'Tf'n in efoD OD" t'i1i Zt' ~iluali l'

86
 FLEET
New Built Program
Jan De Nul Group continues its expansion, building state of the art vessels in shipyards
in Holland, Spain, Croatia, Korea and China. The current 1,6 billion € investment
program 2007 – 2011 now consists of 22 vessels.

The first delivery was in 2007, and deliveries will continue until early 2011. The fleet
expansion triggers an increase in Jan De Nul Group’s workforce from the actual 4.200
with 850 seaman and 400 staff to over 5.250 people.

87
 OFFICE JAN DE NUL N.V.
Tragel 60 I 9308 HOFSTADE-AALST I Belgium
T +32 53 73 17 11 I F +32 53 78 17 60
info@jandenul.com
www.jandenul.com

88