Camille Sargent

Professor K. Goeller

English Composition II: 1201

June 30, 2019

Annotated Bibliography

My essay will attempt to explain whether or not vaccinations truly are the cause of

motor-neuro disorders, specifically pertaining to autism. Being a speech and hearing major, I will

be working in pediatrics with children who have autism and I want to know why parents feel

vaccinations cause this specific disorder in their children, and why doctors disagree. What

component of the vaccinations do parents feel cause autism?

Handley, J. B. How to End the Autism Epidemic. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2018. Accessed 29

June 2019.

While vaccines were common back in the sixties, children only received about three in

their lifetime. Today, children receive on average 38 vaccines which have made parents feel

uneasy about their children’s health, especially with an uprising of autism in young children. In

his book, Handley discusses how he believes that aluminum adjuvant used in vaccines is what

triggers autism in infants. This opens the idea to parents that over-using medications and

vaccines are harmful for children which is part of the reason why the epidemic of anti-vaxxer’s

has risen in the past year and a half.

This novel is targeting parents across not only America, but across the world. Handley is

trying to persuade his audience that more technology and medicine isn’t always the answer, like

38 vaccines isn’t better than 3. The uprising diagnostics of autism is concerning and Handley
 feels it was a good time to relay his view, which he feels will reach all audiences, including

researchers.

Handley uses multiple articles, data, and other science-based evidence to help support his

explanation. The publishing of his novel is an example of its own credibility. If publishers and

scientists felt it wasn’t correct scientifically it most likely would not have been published.

This novel will be used to show insight from the perspective of one who believes that

vaccines cause autism to counteract my argument. It will also be useful in providing data other

than case studies that prove that autism is not in fact caused by vaccinations.

Handley, J. B. "Compelling Evidence Shows That Vaccines Trigger Autism." Epidemics, edited by

David Haugen and Susan Musser, Greenhaven Press, 2011. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing

Viewpoints in

Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/EJ3010133274/OVIC?u=dayt30401&sid=OVIC&xi

d=e980aac4. Accessed 23 June 2019. Originally published as "Autism Is Preventable and

Reversible," Larry King Live Blogs, Apr. 2009.

Parents of children with autism are constantly doing research to find answers. “Why was

it my child and not another?” Larry King Live Blogs provides an article commentary on J.B.

Handley’s research on vaccinations from the parent’s point of view that discusses the known

dangers of vaccinations such as brain injuries. Jenny McCarthy’s son was cured of autism

through a term called biomedical intervention which means to reduce, stop, and prevent

biomedical problems pertaining to mental and physical health. Vaccinations are seen as the
 opposite of biomedical intervention according to the research done by Handley and Jenny’s

experience.

This specific article commentary is reaching out to parents of children with autism to

show that while vaccinations aren’t totally proven to be dangerous, that if one decides to

vaccinate their child, to try biomedical interventions early on if you are feeling insecure. This

type of exercise can be used for both anti-vaxxers and pro-vaxxers.

This article’s credibility shows through the multiple citations that were used to help write

this commentary. Jenny McCarthy being very well known for acting and being willing to be

interviewed about reversing her child’s autism is a good example of ordinary people providing

their own insight which I feel is credible.

I will be incorporating this information into my essay by discussing how this tactic can be

seen from both sides of the vaccination argument.

"New Findings in Autism Described from Nagoya University (Early exposure to the combined

measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines and risk of autism spectrum

disorder)." Mental Health Weekly Digest, 22 June 2015, p. 96. Opposing Viewpoints in

Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A418742812/OVIC?u=dayt30401&sid=OVIC&xid

=92b1c1fb. Accessed 23 June 2019.

Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine and thimerosal consumption is very

commonly associated with the causation of autism. Research from Nagoya University took part

in a case study testing the correlation between the two. Different dosages of each were studied in

eighteenth month olds and thirty-six month olds and the data showed hardly a difference in the
 body’s reactance to the vaccinations of MMR. The news editor of this article provides a

conclusion discussing how there is no correlation between the 2, which means he believes autism

is not caused by Measle-Mumps-Rubella.

Nagoya University is hoping to reach an audience of either parents who are researching

for their children. I feel this short article is hoping to relieve parents of their fear that not all

vaccinations are known to cause ASD.

Nagoya University acted upon the case study and provided all of their own data and

statistics which makes this a credible source

I would love to incorporate this article into my essay because the data is very straight

forward and to the point, yet also complicated which means that a lot of time and effort went into

this study. The more time and effort, the more likely I can trust this data to help back up my

argument.

Bernstein, Lenny. "Fever during pregnancy may increase autism risk in offspring." Washington Post,

13 June 2017. Opposing Viewpoints in

Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A495496638/OVIC?u=dayt30401&sid=OVIC&xid

=35c2822f. Accessed 23 June 2019.

Research has found that there are other causes of ASD either during pregnancy or after a

child is born. ASD is caused by a disruption of development in the fetus’s brain, most commonly

after birth. However, a recent study done by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public

Health was discussed by The Washington Post on how they believe that fevers within the first to

second trimester can be a cause of autism. Columbia has made the claim that a fever can be part
 of the body's immune response to an infection, which may be crossing into the baby's

neurological system at a critical time.

I feel that this article is trying to reach all audiences. I think they’re trying to make people

understand that not everything has one single solution, and that this might be a huge component

of ASD development in children.

Columbia University is an Ivy League school which means that they have very credible

teachers, researchers, technology to help with research, etc. The Washington post is also a very

popular and credible website/ news site which only provides credible information to readers.

I would really like to incorporate this into my essay to defend my argument on how I

believe vaccinations do not cause autism. This is a great example of how vaccinations have been

proven to not be the only likely cause of ASD.

Schubert, Charlotte. "Pandemic blows lid off laws limiting mercury in vaccines." Nature Medicine,

vol. 16, no. 1, 2010, p. 9. Opposing Viewpoints in

Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A216681833/OVIC?u=dayt30401&sid=OVIC&xid

=3e473a5e. Accessed 23 June 2019. Article

Outbreaks are a huge aspect to the important of vaccinations. Multiple states including

New York, Missouri, Illinois, Delaware, etc. felt it was necessary to promote state laws to limit

the use of a mercury in vaccines. This means that there is a higher risk of catching a disease that

is not super common. In 2010, Nature Medicine produced an article about how a swine flu

pandemic and a shortage of H1N1 occurred in multiple states so it was agreed to temporarily lift
the law. People felt it was absurd to lift it due to the safety of their children being compromised,

however the therimosal was a key component to getting people’s health back on track.

I feel that Nature Medicine is trying to provide insight into the idea that not all

vaccinations are bad and that it can cause more harm than good to take away medicine that will

keep people healthy. They want people to feel the danger that comes with trying to be, almost a

form of selfish, where they want to protect their child rather than see the greater common good

of their state.

This source is credible due to news articles and citations that support this article written

by Charlotte Schubert. She provides data discussing the immunization action coalition which is a

vaccine advocacy group.

I think this would be a great addition to my essay because it once again shows both sides of the

argument. It discusses the harm in therimosal yet also discusses the okay side.

Today’s society, we have plenty of parents that believe vaccinations are harmful and is a

main cause of ASD. While this theory has blossomed over the past few years, scientists and

doctors years ago came to this conclusion before the autism rates rose. The documentary,

Vaccination: The Hidden Truth, is a film on about 15 important specialists that provide their data

and insight on why they feel vaccinations are harmful. Many of them believe that vaccinations

are the opposite of immunization which is seen as the main cause of ASD.

I think that this documentary is trying to speak out to all of society. It’s relaying the idea

that something we thought was so hopeful and protecting us is actually ruining us.

Dr. Scheibner decides to reveal what she feels is really going on pertaining to illness and

vaccines. Her being a Doctor to me feels credible enough but the fact that others felt it was a big

enough deal to make a documentary makes me think that it was meant to be heard.
 I would like to incorporate this into my essay because while it is aiming to be on the other

side of the argument, the idea of doctor’s claiming this is actually a possibility makes me want to

studying this documentary further.

“Understanding Thimerosal, Mercury, and Vaccine Safety”. Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention. February 2013. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/patient-

ed/conversations/downloads/vacsafe-thimerosal-color-office.pdf. Accessed 23 June 2019.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has published an article on understanding

the difference between mercury and therimosal. The CDC discusses why therimosal is used in

some vaccines, and it states that it is used as a preservative to help prevent contamination. It also

makes a statement on why it was removed from vaccines given to children which was answered

by stating it as precautionary.

I think the CDC is trying to reach all audiences but is trying to be more informative rather

than persuasive like most articles. It discusses multiple different topics pertaining to

vaccinations, therimosal, and mercury which could be important for anyone to read.

The CDC is credible enough as it is. It is in correlation with the FDA, American

Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians. The website also has a

www.gov at the end which means it is academically approved.

I think this is a very important thing to have in my essay because it is basic knowledge on

everything that is in vaccines, and why they work the way they do. To discuss how they affect

the body you need to know the components that directly affect it.