CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The yearly increment of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

incidence is a worldwide issue. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO)

documented that only 18.2 million people living with HIV were receiving Anti-

Retroviral Treatment (ART) out of approximately 36.7 million recorded in 2015.

The Philippines is among the countries with increasing number of cases that

reached 32, 647 but only 13,387 were receiving ART (DOH, 2016). The

Department of Health (DOH) also supported the report that 30,136 men

dominated the affected population.

Similarly in Davao City, since 1984 a continuous increasing number of

male population aged 15-34 years old had reached to 1,736 (Tejano, 2017). It is

known, that when the virus attacks the immune system, the body weakens. Then,

behavioral disturbances, fatalism, self-stigmatization, and increased opportunities

for abuse usually follow after physical struggles (Bezuidenhoudt, Elago, Kalenga,

Kalenga, Nghipondoka, & Ashton, 2004).

Even though prevention strategies were promoted, the Reproductive

Health and Wellness Center (RHWC) emphasized that such raise is due to risky

sexual behaviors such as multiple-partners or frequent change of partners and

urbanization. As a result, varied level of understanding about facts of HIV uproar

due to ignorance and myths.

 This is a problem which nurses can be of help to the public through clear,

information, education, and counseling on HIV. Significantly, this has become

the central part of the theory to carry on in the dissertation. With this end, a pre-

survey was conducted purposively among 20 males affected with HIV. It

revealed that support and self-awareness are vital in achieving life goals. Thus,

nurses have greater opportunity to assess and hear the sentiments and

communicate therapeutically through counselling.

The visible problems of the person affected with HIV are the lack of

information management, and treatment due to fear of disclosure. Apart from

these, they are unaware of the impact of this ailment to their lives and in the

years to come. Hence, health assessment is significant in the information

process.

Furthermore, the theory formulated from the name initials (A.L.S.) of the

investigator called “All-Loving Support - Information, Education, and Counseling

or ALS-IEC” theory was built on the premise that information, education, and

counseling can be very well provided by the nurse. It has measures using the

component of counselling after a thorough information has been given. Education

will be gained through knowledge about the disease and its harmful effects to the

body and mind of the person. Counseling will help in the enlightenment of the

mind to change the lifestyle that slowly lead to conviction through personalized

IEC theory.

In this study, the main objective is to raise the self-esteem of the sick
person above the issue of being affected of HIV. This aims to help them live with

dignity and hope as children of God. In view of these, there is a dire need to

enhance information about the disease through nurse advocacy. Since, nurses

can make use of their profession through deep health teaching and exemplary

education modeling.

The Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is an outline of how to conduct the research and

help the process in sequential pattern. It is the visual presentation of the

framework to understand the flow of the study. It may refers to a flow chart, mind

map or diagram. The relationship between variables are shown in detail (Seattle,

2018).

Figure 1 page 70 shows the process of developing the grounded tool. It is the

result of the multi stage grounded theory where the six (6) variables or the All

Loving Support variables serve as the main component of the Information,

Education, and Counselling theory as Y variable. Pre-test and Post-test of the

grounded tool will be conducted after two (2) weeks (Y1), after one (1) month

(Y2), and after (2) two months (Y3). In these three (3) series of experimentation,

level of self – awareness and level of medical compliance will be measured to

observe the individual responses towards the intervention. Central to this belief,

is an assumption that nurses or the treatment and support care personnel among

PLHIV can facilitate and intervene comfortably the proposed tool

Statement of the Problem

 The study aims to establish the effects of ALS-IEC theory to the level

of awareness and compliance of HIV affected persons through extending HIV

care.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to establish the effects of ALS-IEC theory to HIV affected

persons through extending HIV care intervention.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the pre-test level of awareness of HIV affected persons in terms

of:

a. active involvement in the society;

b. life change advocacy;

c. life promotion and dignity;

d. one finds oneself;

e. sensitivity to ones’ needs; and

f. accountability and commitment to a safe place?

2. What is the post-test level of compliance of HIV affected persons in terms

of:

a. active involvement in the society;

b. life change advocacy;

c. life promotion and dignity;

d. one finds oneself;

e. sensitivity to ones’ needs; and

 f. accountability and commitment to a safe place?

3. What is the post-test level of awareness of HIV affected persons in the

following durations:

a. after two weeks;

b. after one month; and

c. after two months?

4. What is the post-test level of compliance of HIV affected persons in the

following durations of:

a. after two weeks;

b. after one month; and

c. after two months?

7. Is there a significant difference in the level of awareness on the following

durations:

a. after two weeks;

b. after one month; and

c. after two months?

8. Is there a significant difference in the level of compliance on the following

durations:

a. after two weeks;

b. after one month; and

c. after two months?

9. Is there a significant difference between the pre-test and post-tests scores

of the following:
 9.1 level of awareness and

9.2 level of compliance?

Hypotheses

H1: There is a significant difference in the level of awareness after two

weeks, after one month, and after two months.

H2: There is a significant difference in the level of compliance after two

weeks, after one month, and after two months.

H3: There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-tests

scores of the level of awareness and level of compliance.

December 7, 2018

Sr. Letty G. Kuan

Research Adviser/Mentor
San Pedro College

Dear Sr. Letty Kuan;

Greetings!

The recommendation of the San Pedro College-Research Ethics

Committee is carried out under chapter 2 specifically in the procedural process.

Attached is the list of recommendations of Prof. Chalee S. Reyes.

Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully Yours,

Anna Liza A. Saus, RN, MAN

Mentee