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Condition Monitoring Techniques – What is

Shock Pulse Monitoring (SPM)?
By Chief Engineer Mohit Sanguri | In: Guidelines | Last Updated on June 26, 2019
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Shock Pulse Monitoring also known as SPM is a patented technique of predictive maintenance by
measuring vibration and shock pulses of bearing in motors and to identify their condition and operating
life before the next overhaul procedure.
It was introduced in 1969 and is now a known Condition Monitoring method for monitoring of machines
like electric motors using roller bearing.
Difference between SPM and other Vibration Measurement

Techniques
Vibration analysis has been used for motor predictive maintenance on ships for many years.
Traditionally marine engineers have been using a listening rod to listen to the sound and ascertain the
condition of rotating machinery. Nowadays to avoid premature overhaul of motors many companies are
supplying vibration analysis pens and SPM instruments on board ships. However there is a difference
between vibration analysis and Shock Pulse Measurement.
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Credits: vibrationsound.webs.com
When two metal surfaces contact each other while in motion, an impact occurs and a shock wave
develops, which travels through the metal. The shock wave is in ultrasonic range and is around 36 KHz.
This shock wave is utilized in the SPM.
As impact continues the metal flexes and is compressed and recoils. This second phase is called
vibration. The frequency of this vibration is dependent on stiffness, shape, mass and the dampening
property of the material. In SPM this phase of collision i.e. vibration is filtered out as it is depending on
the structure and the material of the machine. Thus the inaccuracies that are frequently encountered by
hand held vibration analysis pens is not here, especially in machinery with flexible mountings and
working in vicinity of other vibration prone machinery.
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Another difference between SPM and other vibration measurement techniques is that in SPM the
transducers respond and resonate to a frequency of 36 KHz only, which ensures a calibrated response
and accurate measurement to the shock pulses.
How does SPM Works?

Whether new or old, any bearing generates shocks in the interface between the loaded roller element
and the race way. Initially these shocks or vibrations are subtle and hardly felt till already damage is
done, but these are captured routinely by the SPM machine which tells about the condition of the
bearings, the state of lubrication and the maintenance interval required. This type of monitoring and
maintenance based on this evaluation is called as Condition Monitoring System or Condition Based
Monitoring.
The shock pulses are measured by accelerometers with filters. The accelerometers have piezoelectric
crystals so designed that they resonate at a frequency of 36 KHz which corresponds to the frequency of
the pure shock pulses. This helps the accelerometers to measure both shock pulse as well as vibration
making other vibration pens only measuring vibration obsolete.
The amplitude of shock pulses measured by the SPM meter is due to the following factors:
Rolling velocity which is a function of speed or rotation and size of bearing.

The thickness of the oil film, which in turn depends on preload and the quantity of oil supplied as
well as the viscosity of the oil.
The alignment of the system. That means between the prime mover and the load.
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magnitude of the shock felt. The SPM meter measures the shock pulses per second and then lowers its
threshold so that two amplitude levels are discovered, first the decibel carpet value of 200 shocks per
second and secondly, the maximum level of incoming shock under 2 seconds.
The decibel carpet value gives an indication of the condition of the lubrication and the peak value gives
the extent of bearing damage.
The peak value can be ascertained by increasing the threshold value till no signal is received. In this
equipment the noise generated due to the rolling velocity is negated by entering the shaft diameter and
RPM of the motor. This gives an accurate condition assessment of the machine being monitored.
The amplitude of the shock is a function of the rolling element and the instrument measures the absolute
value and subtracts from it the expected shock value from a good bearing at similar speed. This gives
us an indication of the bearing operating condition.
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Damaged condition. The peak value measured by the operator gives the status of the machine and the
zone it belongs to.
Uniqueness of Shock Pulse Monitoring

SPM specializes in determining accurate information on the mechanical condition of the bearing
surfaces as well as the state of lubrication on the bearing throughout the life of the bearing.
SPM instrument can measure both the vibration as well as shock pulses.
One additional advantage of SPM over other vibration measurement methods is that analysis of
the SPM spectrum enables to pin point the source of the trouble. This is because in case the
bearings are damaged, the shocks generated by the damaged bearings have a pattern that
corresponds to the frequency of the balls passing over the damaged area. In case the shocks
generated are due to gears they will have a different shock pattern, while random shocks will not
have a pattern and not be investigated.
As both the RPM as well as the shaft diameter are entered into the instrument evaluation can be
done independent of speed in variable speed drives.
Advanced warning of lubrication problems can be given.
As any machine with metal to metal contact will give shock pulses it is useful for analysis of
other machines like screw compressors, gear boxes, lobe compressors, centrifuges, purifiers,
centrifugal pumps apart from motors.
SPM also gives an indication of faulty installation and alignment.
In vibration analysis advanced stage of damage occurs before the vibration levels exceed above
the noise carpet. In SPM the noise carpet is eliminated and the bearing as well as the lubrication
condition is continuously monitored after filtering out the vibration as well as the background
noise, giving sufficient warning to avoid breakdown and plan maintenance.
SPM is not influenced by the size, speed, design, background noise or installation of the
machine.
References: spminstrument, maintenanceonline, conditionmonitoringsystem
Image Credits: wikimedia, vibrationsound.webs.com
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Tags: general guidelines
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questions, get answers, meet people, and share your tips!
About Chief Engineer Mohit Sanguri

Chief Engineer Mohit Sanguri is a Marine Chief Engineer (Class I Unlimited Power).
He has 12 years of experience as Marine Engineer. He is currently working with
Dynacom Tankers Ltd on their Bulk Carriers division and has served in past with Wallems Ship
Mgmt on Car Carriers and PCTC’s, MSC Ship Mgmt on Containers, Univan Ship Mgmt on RoRo’s
and Five Stars Shipping on Bulkers and SNP Ship Mgmt on General Cargo at various
designations.
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Comments
soori says
JULY 28, 2012 AT 12:25 PM
how can I learn vibration analysis?
Rajendra K Apte says

OCTOBER 8, 2013 AT 8:02 AM
A well written and well presented article.
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Condition Monitoring Techniques – What is Sho... https://www.marineinsight.com/guidelines/condi...

MORE Search In Marine Insight

Condition Monitoring Techniques – What is

Facebook Tweet Pin LinkedIn

Difference between SPM and other Vibration Measurement

vibration analysis measuring thickness

vibration sensor mechanical studies

How does SPM Works?

Rolling velocity which is a function of speed or rotation and size of bearing.

Uniqueness of Shock Pulse Monitoring

References: spminstrument, maintenanceonline, conditionmonitoringsystem

Image Credits: wikimedia, vibrationsound.webs.com

Tags: general guidelines

questions, get answers, meet people, and share your tips!

About Chief Engineer Mohit Sanguri

Facebook Tweet Pin LinkedIn

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE

Offshore Maintenance Megger Construction Importance of 3 Important

marineinsight.com marineinsight.com marineinsight.com marineinsight.com

SUBSCRIBE TO OUR DAILY NEWSLETTER

Search In Marine Insight

MORE POSTS FROM THE AUTHOR

how can I learn vibration analysis?

Rajendra K Apte says

A well written and well presented article.

JOIN OVER 2 MILLION+ MARINERS

Submit your best email & we

Enter Your Email

YES, SEND ME EBOOKS

Privacy guaranteed! We hate spam too.

Join Merchant Navy

IMO: Preparation Is The Key In Ballast Water

Damen Lays Keel For The First Revolutionary New

IMO: Safety Management Training Takes Centre

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