Autonomous Plant Maintainer

Minor project report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree
Of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering
By

Ketan Karan Gaur (1603287)

Himanshu Srivastava (1603270)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LANDRAN (MOHALI)

Batch: 2016-2020
 CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented by us in this project, entitled
“Autonomous Plant Maintainer”, in partial. fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree “Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering” and submitted at the
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College is a genuine
account of our own work carried out during the period from January 2019 to May 2020. To the
best of our knowledge and belief, the matter embodied in the project has not been submitted
for the award of any other degree elsewhere.

Date:
Ketan Karan Gaur
Himanshu Srivastava
Place: Mohali

I
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report submitted by Vishal Kumar, Vishal Kumar and Vishal Kumar
on “Autonomous Plant Maintainer” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award
of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering is an authentic record of
their project work, which they have satisfactorily completed.

HOD-ME Date:
Department of Mechanical Engineering
CGC-CEC,
Landan (Mohali)

II
 ACKNOWLEDGENMENT

I wish to express my gratitude and indebtedness to my project supervisor Dr Rajesh Sharma,

HOD, Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEC Landan, for his helpful hand, inspiring
guidance, constructive criticism and moral support.

I would also like to thank Dr. Amresh Sir, our project mentor, for assistance and facilitate in
completing experiments.

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere
thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to (Chandigarh Engineering College) for their guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & for their
support in completing the project.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of for their kind co-
operation and encouragement, which help me in completion of this project.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such
attention and time.
My thanks and appreciations go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have
willingly helped me out with their abilities.

III
 ABSTRACT
An automatic plant maintainer makes it possible to track down the health status, water and the
nutrient requirements with the particular location of the plant and gives the user a microscopic
approach to nourish each plant individually, with the help of a software application. A
controlled but sequential process takes down all the features of the plant; the approach is to
build a machine, which works on a well-structured process. The working methodology is
mainly focused on small plants, the process is independent of physical factors like rain and the
height of plant. Need of this process is very important in institutions, highways, pedestrians,
parks and villages as human time is very important, this process saves human time as well as
it is less error prone, plantation has become a tradition rather than the responsibility hence to
safeguard this approach this technology is very much beneficial. Present set of machines and
flow of processes does not include any kind of working or theoretical technology that can be
implemented towards this product in current market. The use of Internet of Things increases
the credibility and functionality of the process, which indeed is a very multi-purpose approach.
Multiple usage of the technology can be drawn according to the working environment, in smart
cities the plants can be made more well nourished and healthy using real time information
shared using the internet. The individuality could be maintained with less human involvement
and more usage of technologies like Internet of Things and smart sensors. Likewise, in villages
the technology can be used to produce high yielding crops using data analytics. With the use
of this technique, the farming can be done using a better-routed algorithm thus increasing the
quality and productivity. Rather than using the human efforts the process involves the use of
sensors, which would keep a check on soil humidity, leaf moisture, soil temperature, plant
watering sensors, sunlight sensors. Security issues like usage of machine by another users
would be take care by an integrated novel feature of the process which tracks down the location
of machine and single user confidentiality is maintained by the fingerprint sensor which is part
of the design, which prevents human intervention and tampering of parts.The spot identified
by the gps location is very important for both the plants and the machine. The ultimate goal of
the machine will be, to take care of plants and send the data to the user so that he/ she would
be able to detect the abnormal changes occuring in the plant. So with this process the plant
remains in safe technological hands and remains pest free.

The present project relates to plant monitoring and preservation system, comprising; a vehicle
that comprises of plurality of sensor, actuators to move the vehicle with any assistance,
plurality of sensors installed in agriculture land and plant leaf to detect humidity, fertilizer
percentage in soil, water content in soil and temperature of surrounding; an artificial
intelligence module (AIM) installed in the system; a storage module connected to the AIM to
store data. The method disclosed herein comprising the steps of providing plant location in the
system; locating plant location by vehicle through the GPS module; extracting the data from
the leaf sensor; checking the temperature of surrounding through the temperature sensor;
IV
inspecting humidity sensor to detect detail about moisture of the surrounding; storing data in
storage module; sending information to the user; moving on to next plant.

Table of Contents

CERTIFICATE..........................................................................................................................II
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..........................................................................................................III
Table of Figure................................................................................................................ .....VI
ABSTRACT..... .......................................................................................................................IV
Summary of Project………………………………………………………………………….1
Detail Description Of Project.......................................................................................….......3
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction about Arduino Mega......................................................................................2
1.4 Introduction about Raspberry pi.........................................................................................4
1.5 Introduction about Stepper Motors ....................................................................................4
1.6 Introduction about Preparatory Function ...........................................................................6

CHAPTER2: METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................11
2.1 DESIGN OF APM MACHINE.........................................................................................11
2.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION ................................................................................................11
2.3 WORKING ........................................................................................................................12
2.4 Main parts of APM............................................................................................................12
2.5 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF Process.......................................................................................12

V
 Summary of Project

The present project relates to a system and method for plant monitoring and preservation in
the agriculture field and on highways of the smart cities. 15 According to an embodiment of
the present project plant monitoring and preservation system, comprising; a vehicle used for
traveling to each plant in an agriculture land; a first set of sensors installed in the vehicle
comprises of a finger print sensor for authentication of a user, an infrared sensor 20 installed
in wheels of the vehicle to capture surrounding images, an ultrasonic sensor installed in the
vehicle to detect the obstacle in path during low light, a visible light sensor installed in the
vehicle to detect the pedestrians and other obstacles during daytime, an optical sensor
installed in the vehicle to detect the stem of a tree; a second set of sensors installed in the
agriculture land comprises 25 of a humidity sensor to measure humidity level, a leaf sensor to
detect the presence of plant, a moisture sensor installed on every plant to measure water
content, a temperature sensor installed in various places of the land to monitor the
temperature of the land; plurality of cameras connected with the vehicle to capture the images
of surrounding.

According to another embodiment of the present project a GPS module installed in the
vehicle to provide navigation to the vehicle; a control 5 module actuates the actuators in
different parts of the vehicle; an artificial intelligence module(AIM) installed in the system to
take decision for the control module; a storage module connected to the AIM to store all the
past record of the plants in the land; a wireless communication module installed in the system
to 5 provide communication between sensors installed in the land and the vehicle; an image
processing module installed in the vehicle to process the images capture by the cameras; and
a security module coupled with the vehicle to provide theft protection. According to another
embodiment of the present project a method for preservation of agriculture plants, comprising
the steps of: providing the location of plant in said system; locating the plant location by the
vehicle through said GPS module; extracting the data from said leaf sensor; checking the
temperature of surrounding through said temperature sensor; inspecting humidity 15 sensor to
detect detail about moisture of the surrounding; testing water in case water is less than
standard value; providing water to soil; checking nutrient content of soil, providing fertilizer

VI
to soil; storing data in storage module; sending information to said user; moving on to the
next plant.

While the project has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred
embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the
scope of the present project.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present project will become better
understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying
drawings where: Figure 1 represents a flowchart of the proposed method;

About Arduino Mega:

Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community that
designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building
digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control both physically and digitally.
Its products are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU
General Public License (GPL),[1] permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software
distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in preassembled form or
as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.

VII
Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature
serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models,
which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are
typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming
languages C and C++. In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino
project provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based on
the Processing language project.

About Raspberry Pi:

The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United

Kingdom by the Foundation to promote teaching of basic computer science in schools and
in developing countries The original model became far more popular than
anticipated,[8] selling outside its target market for uses such as robotics. It does not include
peripherals (such as keyboards and mice) and cases. However, some accessories have been
included in several official and unofficial bundles.
The organisation behind the Raspberry Pi consists of two arms. The first two models were
developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. After the Pi Model B was released, the
Foundation set up Raspberry Pi Trading, with Been Upton as CEO, to develop the third
model, the B+. Raspberry Pi Trading is responsible for developing the technology while the
Foundation is an educational charity to promote the teaching of basic computer science in
schools and in developing countries.
According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, more than 5 million Raspberry Pies were sold by
February 2015, making it the best-selling British computer By November 2016 they had sold
11 million units, and 12.5m by March 2017, making it the third best-selling "general purpose
computer “In July 2017, sales reached nearly 15 million In March 2018, sales reached 19
million

VIII
L298D motor driver

Fig.4. L298D motor driver

1.4 Introduction about Mini Servo Motor

A servo motor is an entirely different story the function of the servo is to receive a
control signal that represents a desired output position of the servo shift and apply
power to its Dc motor until its shaft turns to that position.

Fig.5. Servo Motor

IX
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The following description includes the pref 6 embodiment of the present project. It will be
clear from this description of the project that the project is not limited to these illustrated
embodiments but that the project also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments
thereto. Therefore the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. 5
While the project is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it
should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the project to the specific form
disclosed, but, on the contrary, the project is to cover all modifications, alternative
constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the project as defined in
the claims.

In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and
the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be
replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists
essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the
like.

As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the
plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only. The term “Genetic algorithm”
refers to a method for solving constrained and unconstrained optimization problems that are
based on natural selection, the process that drives biological evolution.

The term “Back propagation algorithm” refers to a method used in artificial neural networks
to calculate a gradient for computing of the weights to be used in the network.

The present project relates to a system and method for plant care and its maintenance without
human efforts. The system includes a vehicle with 7 plurality of sensor attached to the vehicle
to operate the 8 during low light condition or night, the Ultrasonic sensor guide the vehicle
during night by detecting the reflected waves from the obstacles, a visible light sensor
installed in the vehicle to detect the pedestrians and other obstacles during daytime, an optical
sensor installed in the vehicle to detect the stem of a tree.

The images that are captured by the plurality of camera and processed through the image-
processing module, after the images are processed from the image-processing module,

X
images are transformed into data sets and these datasets are transferred to the AIM for
comparing from the pre-defined data 10 sets.

The second set of sensors installed in the land comprises of a humidity sensor buried under
the land to measure humidity level, a leaf sensor to detect the presence of plant, a moisture
sensor installed on every plant to measure 15 water content, a temperature sensor installed in
various places of the land to monitor the temperature of the land. All the sensors transfer the
sensed information to the AIM through IOT and wireless communication module. Referring
to figure 1 represents the flowchart of the proposed 20 method, wherein the plant is identified
by the system using the GPS location of the plants, the vehicle moves towards the location of
the plants, the location is chosen by the user in the system. The AIM helps to establish the
shortest route for the vehicle and send the signal to the control module so that the control
module actuates the actuator for performing the desired task. In the next step, the 25
predefined data is compared with the data obtained by the different sensors, for example,
health, water, UV sunlight, temperature, and leaf moisture is compared. In case the problem
is found the status is sent to the user through IOT and vehicle provide the solution with water
or fertilizer. In the last step the AIM checks that all the plants are visited, if not the AIM
identified the ideal plant through the GPS 30 module and repeat all steps.

The system further includes a security module and a storage module wherein the security
module provide a sound alarm to the user in case the vehicle is moving in the unspecified
area, the system sends an alert message to the user through the IOT about the unauthorized
behavior of the vehicle.

The security module further includes the blocking features through which the brakes of the
vehicle are applied and the chain is blocked making hard for the vehicle to move. The storage
module collects the data of complete year for further study and training the AIM for taking
better decision in future.

While the disclosure has been presented with respect to certain specific embodiments, it will
be appreciated that many modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art
without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. It is intended, therefore, by the
appended claims to cover 15 all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit
and scope of the disclosure.

Objective:
 To remove human interference in plant nourishment.

XI
  To introduce the autonomous technology to cultivate plant.
 To get proper amount of data to study the plant at microscopic level.
 To involve autonomous technology to nourish the plant and fulfill the requirement
when plant required (like water, fertilizer etc.).

Through this technology user can get more accurate to the planting, which usually give to
plant care and its maintenance. In addition, As know every person is not gave right plantation
and its care so here technology help them with taking care of their plants.
Technology help us by knowing the real time statistics of soil and plant so that it can give
proper care to plants.
How to use the project:
The project is use with the help of software application and the manually with the fingerprint
sensor is attached to machine above surface which provide user both manual and
automatically controlling commending to the machine. Person can also use it through
location commands as if person can select the land or plant area where user want machine to
do its job. User can use the project to gain soil fertility level.

Problem, which our project is solving, are as follows:-

1. Plant health rate: Machine keeps its focus on plant health rate to check its requirements and
problems that are affecting its growth.
2. Human interaction: It reduce the human interference in plant nourishment.
3. Different machines for different purpose: As for one growth of plant, we use different
machines like for different factors- temperature check, water, soil fertility, UV index etc.
4. Macro vs Micro: The size of the technology is less than presence.
5. Data analytics: it works on data analytics based real time standard parameters for plant
growth.
6. Extensible: with the conjunction of all above processes on a single platform, this machine
go high on efficiency with less work time.

As different machines used for different purposes but this technology will do many things at
once like check soil fertility, soil temperature, sunlight, water present in soil, plant yield,
medical situation of the plant using the condition of leaf etc.

XII
XIII
Design Of APM

XIV
How many sensors are installed in the machine?
There are total of 13 sensors that will be installed in the machine with each having their own
functionality
1. Ultrasonic module
2. Infrared
3. Soil hygrometer detection
4. Photoresistor sensor for light detection
5. Motion sensor for theft
6. Rotary sensor
7. Temperature and Humidity sensor
8. Wifi module
9. LIDAR
10. Gps module
11. vision sensor
12. Nutrient sensor ( light sensor, colour sensor)
13. Fingerprint sensor

Which microcontroller are using in the invention, Raspberry or Arduino . Please

clarify

The sensors kit and the repetitive functioning will be performed by the arduino mega
The complex task of controlling the machine , movement arm and LIDAR functioning and all
other non repetitive tasks will be done by Rasberry pie, also the wifi module will be
integrated with the Raspie.The interfacing between the Raspi and arduino can be easily
done by MF wires and a breadboard. The software coding for interfacing can be done using
python in linux and arduino IDE. Raspberry pie is used because it is the microcomputer
revolutionizing computer science and programming across the globe.it comes
packing Quad-Core 1.2 GHz CPU and 1 GB of RAM

XV
  SoC: Broadcom BCM2837.
 CPU: 4× ARM Cortex-A53, 1.2GHz.
 GPU: Broadcom VideoCore IV.
 RAM: 1GB LPDDR2 (900 MHz)
 Networking: 10/100 Ethernet, 2.4GHz 802.11n wireless.
 Bluetooth: Bluetooth 4.1 Classic, Bluetooth Low Energy.
 Storage: microSD.
 GPIO: 40-pin header, populated.

The APM is designed in order to consider the environment value that machine doesn't
produce pollution the whole system run on electric drive motor which get power from battery
installed in it and the battery system have backup value of 4 hour working when it get
discharging then the APM moved to the solar power station which is installed at the working

XVI
field in order to get clean and eco friendly energy. (Basically it is simple solar plant that we
use in home for generating electricity)
The solar power station consist of the poly solar panel, battery and inverter the docking point
of APM meet with docking point of charging point with help of IR sensor after docking it
charge itself .
 Poly solar panel 24V.
 Battery.
 4 pin charging dock.
 Inverter.
The whole system used to support fast charging that can charge the battery again in 2
hours.

Thanking You.

XVII