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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS’ BACKGROUND

Introduction

According to International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology

(2015), in the last few years, the results of studies and well-publicized tragedies

have exposed the serious threat that electronic forms of aggression pose to the

well-being of children. That threat is somewhat different from the danger posed

by traditional schoolyard bullying because technology has intrinsically redefined

the bully/victim transaction, expanding it from a physical context to an electronic

medium, including e-mails, instant messages, text messages, and social media.

Electronic devices broaden bullying from its traditional social context,

fundamentally transforming the dynamics of the interactions that occur between

aggressors and victims.

Although bullying has historically been a common childhood problem,

electronic devices have allowed perpetrators to harass more easily and

effectively because such tools provide an unprecedented level of access to

victims. This online harassment is called "Cyberbullying"

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Like other forms of bullying, cyber Bullying appears to be a phenomenon

that occurs internationally. Nevertheless, the focus of this research is how it

affects students like us. Being a victim cyberbullying can cause a lot of

psychological defects to one person. This can affect the way they handle their

everyday life and how they act in school and other environments.

By reading this research, you will realize how serious cyberbullying and

how it can ruin a person's mental capabilities. By realizing this, you will continue

to read and find out that we offer many solutions and prevention methods in

order to stop this form of discrimination.

Cyberbullying can be stopped by limiting the use of electronic gadgets for

people who have bad intentions. It can also be prevented by not getting much

involved in some social media sites and other online platforms. These methods

will be further elaborated in the research.

The reason why we wanted to research this topic is that we, ourselves,

have been a victim of cyberbullying. We can see in our own eyes how this is a

problem and we don't want any other people to experience it. Diving in to this

research you will know how much damage cyberbullying can affect a person.

This research can help you broaden your knowledge about cyberbullying and

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help prevent this situation. Cyberbullying is a sensitive topic to some people; this

research will approach cyberbullying in a psychological manner but in a way that

most people will understand.

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Background of the Study

In 2018, StopBullying. gov, an internet site designed to stop any forms of

bullying, stated that cyber bullying is a form of bullying which happens in social

media. It takes place over digital devices like cellphones, computers, and tablets.

It can also occur through SMS, text and apps or online social media, forum, or

gaming where people can view, participate in, or sharing negative, harmful, false

or mean content about someone else causing embarrassment or humiliation.

Most common places where Cyber bullying occurs (What is Cyberbullying,

2018) are Social Media Sites (such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and

Twitter), SMS (Short Message Service) also known as text message sent through

devices, instant message (via devices, email provider services, apps, and social

media messaging features) and email.

We chose this topic because we, ourselves, became a victim and a

victim's friend of Cyber bullying. We saw and experienced the struggles of being

a victim of Cyberbullying. There are social and psychological defects of being a

victim of this crime. It can be a reason why some students wouldn’t be able to go

to school because they are embarrassed to their social media friends and school

mates because of some posts, photos, or videos with their names or faces

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uploaded on social media. Cyber bullying can also affect anyone psychologically.

Because of being humiliated, they tend to lock themselves up in their room and

think about something that will help them out of the matter. Moreover, that may

lead them to think about suicide because of mixed humiliation and depression.

At the end of this study, we aim to know what can we do to prevent this

matter and what can we do to help the victim(s) of Cyber bullying.

What can be the impact of Cyber bullying psychologically as perceived by

the Grade 11 HUMSS Students of HSU? We want to know how aware the G11

HUMSS Students of HSU if they are a victim of Cyber bullying. We also aim to

know what we can do to prevent or lessen this event. Because as a friend, we

should know what to do to help a friend who is or became a victim of this form of

bullying.

We can complete this study by conducting a survey and ask some

questions to the Grade 11 HUMMSS Students of HSU regarding how they relate

themselves to the victims of Cyber bullying or if they are a victim or a perpetrator

themselves. We can also research some cases about Cyber bullying to answer

some of our questions about the research.

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Conceptual Framework

According to choice theory by William Glasser, all people’s behaviors aim

to meet five basic needs. In this sense, cyberbullying aims to satisfy one or

some of these basic needs which is the Survival, Love, Belonging and

Connection,Power, Signifance/Competence/Freedom or Autonomy and Fun

and Learning.

First is Survival this need is a physiological need, which includes the need

for food, shelter, and safety. Because we have genetic instructions to survive,

not only as individuals but as a species, this includes the need to reproduce.

Second, The Love and Belonging this need and the following three needs are

psychological needs. The need to love and belong includes the need for

relationships, social connections, to give and receive affection and to feel part

of a group.Third is Power to be powerful is to achieve, to be competent, to be

skilled, to be recognized for our achievements and skill, to be listened to and

have a sense of self worth. Fourth is Freedom the need to be free is the need

for independence, autonomy, to have choices and to be able to take control of

the direction of one's life Last is Fun, The need for fun is the need to find

pleasure, to play and to laugh. Should you doubt that this is as important as any

of the others, imagine a life without hope of any enjoyment. Glasser links the

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need for fun to learning. All of the higher animals (dogs, dolphins, primates,

etc.) play. As they play, they learn important life skills. Human beings are no

different. It is true that "play is a child's work."

So this theory has something to do with our study. Cyberbullying was

existed because some people didn’t aim the 5 basics needs that was

mentioned above.

In a study by Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007), students doing cyber-

bullying displayed this behavior for these aims with the following percentages:

38% to have fun, 25% to take revenge, and 6% because of their bad mood due

to the situation they were in. The rest could not answer why they behaved in

this way. The study focuses in knowing the impacts and causes of cyber bullying

to the students of Grade 11 HUMSS Student in Higher School of University of

Makati. The researchers would like to know how cyberbullying can affect every

individual and to know the attackers motive to do such a harassment online.

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Figure 1

Research Paradigm

HOLISTICAL
IMPACTS

REASONS

PREVENTION

Figure 1 shows the outline that we will follow in conducting our study. In

order to conduct the research properly, we would first have to know what

Cyberbullying is. Then later we shall research about the social media sites that is

vulnerable to Cyberbullying, the impacts of Cyberbullying to the students, the

reasons why they do Cyberbullying and lastly, how to prevent it. The process of

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the research involves the conducting survey by using questionnaires to the

respondent and the gathering of data involved in the study.

Statement of the Problem

The aim of our research is to know what causes cyberbullying and how it

affects Grade 11 HUMSS students of University of Makati. The following

questions are asked to act as guidelines in order to find the answers we seek.

1. What is Cyberbullying?
2. What social media sites usually become gateways to cyberbullying?
3. What are the impacts of it in the Holistical aspect of the students?
4. What are the reasons why cyberbullying occurs?
5. What are the actions being done to prevent or lessen this event?

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Scope and Delimitation

The study covers the Impacts of Cyberbullying to the Holistic Aspect of

the students. The purpose of this research is to make the society aware of

this spreading trend and to prevent it as much as we can. The research will

take place in the University of Makati - Higher School ng UMAK, which

population there, mostly are the Grade 11 students, especially who are

currently taking the Humanities and Social Sciences strand that are more

prone or vulnerable to cyberbullying. The research will take about 2 months,

no more than that given amount of time. Questionnaires will be handed to the

respondents in order to gather information. The answer of the respondents

will be useful for the researchers and to the research, itself. The results of

this study are only be functional to the respondents involved and should not

be used nor generalized as a degree of the impacts in the holistic aspect of

the students who do not belong to the population of this study.

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Significance of the Study

This study is about cyberbullying and the big impact of it to the holistic

aspect of an individual. This will provide advancement of knowledge to those who

lacks it and doesn’t know the consequences of their wrong doings.

The community, inside school, in the family, and to the future researchers

will be enlightened and they will fortunately benefit on this one.

To the students - especifically to Grade 11 HUMSS Students, their knowledge

about cyberbullying will be expanded and they will become aware of their

surroundings. They will be alert when it comes to their classmates and the events

in the school.

To the school administrators- the school administrators can gain more insights

on how they can help students who are suffering from cyber bullying. A victim

might approach them and with this study they will know how to advice what they

should do, and help them recover little by little.

To the community - They will think before they act. Every decision that they’ll

make will surely protect the victims.

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To the family – Parents should know this serious issue about the 21 st generation

of the teenagers. Parents will be enlightened to what are the problems their

children might be facing.

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Definition of Terms

Cyberbullying - defined as bullying that takes place over digital devices

like cell phones, computers, and tablets. It can occur through SMS, Text, and

apps, or online in social media, forums, or gaming where people can view,

participate in, or share content. Cyberbullying includes sending, posting, or

sharing negative, harmful, false, or mean content about someone else. It can

include sharing personal or private information about someone else causing

embarrassment or humiliation. Some cyberbullying crosses the line into unlawful

or criminal behavior. (What is Cyberbullying, 2018)

Cyber-perpetrator - a person who attemps to gain power and dominance

over others with any form electronic bullying. He used the terms perpetrator

rather than bully because he or she “initiates a certain action or actions in a

specific context,whereas labeling an individual as a bully gives the perception

that such an individual is a bad or evil person at all times” (as cited in Witkus,

2012, p.4)

Cyber victim - a person who cannot easily defend him or herself from any

form of electronic bullying. (as cited in Witkus, 2012, p.3)

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Social media - a form of electronic communication (such as Web Sites)

through which people create online communities to share information, ideas,

personal messages, etc. (Merriam-Webster, nd)

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH

We reviewed some of the published research we could find that included

prevalence rates for cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is related to other issues in the

‘real world’ including school problems and anti-social behavior. This work built on

our earlier effort focuses on the differences and significance of cyberbullying

articles/researches which we wrote about in our book (or chapter/research).

Cyberbullying is related to low self-esteem, suicidal ideation, anger,

frustration, and a variety of other emotional and psychological problems (Brighi et

al., 2012; Hinduja & Patchin, 2010; Kowalski & Limber, 2013; Patchin & Hinduja,

2010; Wang, Nansel, & Iannotti, 2011).

Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is a form of bullying which happens in social media. It takes

place over digital devices like computers or any other gadgets. It says that

Cyberbullying occurs in using SMS, text, and apps or online social media, forum

or even in gaming where people can view, and participate in.

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There are most common places where Cyberbullying occurs; Social Media

(such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter) ; SMS (Short Message

Service) use to send text messages through digital devices; Instant Message (via

devices, email provider services, apps, and social media messaging features) ;

and Email. In these common places, people can share, say or post negative,

harmful, or mean content about someone else causing embarrassment or

humiliation. (Stopbullying.gov, 2018)

According to the HighsterMobile.co Blog (2016), cyberbullying as a digital

form of bullying done over the internet. That includes of being called fat, stupid,

wanna-be, loser, ugly, freak or fake and worst harassing others. There are many

victims in this kind of crime, but no one gives them attention. And it seems no

one takes an action on preventing this kind of behavior. How should we prevent

something like this when it is becoming worst? Many questions has been born

and the answers are nowhere to be found. And still, cyberbullying is all over the

world, spreading and not knowing that it is actually happening in them.

How does this start? If someone is teasing and making fun of you and he

don’t want you to know them, he will hack your social media account. And they

will spread fake news about you. Some cases are the one who’s pranking you, or

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someone close to you. Maybe it’s a friend or classmate or someone having a

problem with you, or maybe have insecurities towards you.

Situations in cyberbullying will only stay online. When you know who is

behind that screen, that person who is making you feel in pain by their words.

They will never claim that he/she does that to you. The bullying may bring a

couple of their friends to help them bully or harass you. They will act tough in

front of the computer but don’t have the guts to face their victim alone.

Cyberbullying from the Perspective of Choice Theory

The study explains about the use of cyber communication. It states that

even the cyber communication can use as a tool to endanger other people.

Some researchers use this as a subject of their research. They want to know the

behaviors of the person who’s bullying uses cyber communication. Aside from

that, they want to minimize the cyber bullying case.

According to Arıcak (2011), cyberbullying “is all of the behaviors which aim

against an individual or a group, a specific individual or legal personality and

endanger them technically or in a relational way.” They refer that it can be only

one or group of individuals who uses any kind of gadgets or objects that has

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something to do with technology. Examples are Beeper, Computer, Cellular

Phones, Tablets, etc. They use these things to humiliate, and to embarrass a

person especially in social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, etc.

The difference between Cyberbullying and Traditional bullying is that in

cyberbullying, it uses technology to embarrass or humiliate some person in

public. While in Traditional bullying, it can be in verbal or physical. You’re

humiliating a person verbally without using any gadgets. Traditional bullying can

affect to a person physically, emotionally and psychologically. While the

cyberbullying, does not but it can affect to a person psychologically. Ayas and

Horzum (2010) stated that Cyberbullying is way more worse than traditional

bullying because when you experience traditional bullying, for example in school,

you can transfer to a new school and start a new life again while in cyber bullying

you can’t escape because rumors or bashers can spread in just a second, and

manipulate your life.

As said by Mason (2008) Wong-Lo et al., (2011) Some effects of

cyberbullying are social isolation because mainly, they want to avoid the issues

and rumors about him/her and self-harming behaviors like cutting your wrists, the

side of your legs, etc.

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Sourander et al., (2010) also argued that other consequences or effects

are inability to perceive, emotional or friendship problems, insomnia because of

overthinking, repetitive stomach aches, and feeling insecure.

Cyberbullying can cause mental sickness such as Depression, low of self-

esteem and anxiety. There are even instances that people attempt to kill

themselves, in simpler words, suicide. Because they think that they are

worthless, ugly, and don’t deserve to exist here on Earth.

Studies have shown that the victims have low self-confidence and self-

respect. In accordance to this, (Didden et al., 2009, Mason, 2008 Patchin and

Hinduja, 2010). Dooley et al., Cross and Spiel (2010) revealed that females tend

to ask more help than males. Because male don’t like to look weak for other

people that’s why they hide their problems more than females.

Based on the study of Navarro et al., (2012), as he observed students at

the age range of 10-12 years old, the victims of cyberbullying were experiencing

social anxiety and especially fear of being negatively assessed. The ones who

didn’t meet their needs or having difficulty in achieving it are the one’s who will

experience relationship problems in their puberty stage. Another reason for the

problems in relationships is being restrained or inability to show their individual

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potential. If their abilities did not get trusted or didn’t get a chance to cope with

the obstacles they encounter, adolescents can experience discipline problems. In

this case, it is safe to assume that cyberbullying which is a discipline problem in

school is related to a person being unsuccessful and a feeling of being restrained

to meet their basic needs. (Glasser, 1988)

The Choice theory, which is the theory of our research, says that the most

people have similar underlying problems. This problem is generally their inability

to have a successful relationship with one of the important people on their lives

like their parents, siblings, etc. as stated by Glasser (2000). According to

Schoffstall and Cohen (2011) people who are alone or who likes to be alone and

have a low level of acceptability by society have a high rate of cyberbullying

behaviors.

As said by Mason (2008) poor parent relations also predict cyberbullying.

Dilmac and Aydogan (2010) mentioned that it is been observed that authoritative

and oppressive parents can develop a cyberbullying behavior to its maximum

level. Schultze-Krumboltz and Scheithauer (2009) states that behaviors such as

anger and aggressiveness can also be related to cyberbullying. Patchin and

Hinduja (2010) even argued that individuals that are displaying behaviors of

anger and aggressiveness displays cyberbullying behaviors too.

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Based on a study conducted by Sourander et al,. (2010) it has been found

that people displaying cyber bullying behaviors don’t feel safe. They also feel

alone too, as stated by Schoffstall and Cohen (2011). They also have this feeling

of revenge (König el al,. , 2010 and Raskauskas and Stoltz, 2007). They can

also have a feeling of being hostile. (Arıcak, 2009). These people stated that a

reason behind their cyberbullying behaviors is to get rid of boredom (Yaman and

Peker, 2012).

According to choice theory, all people’s behaviors aim to meet five basic

needs. In this sense, cyberbullying aims to satisfy one or some of these basic

needs. In a study by Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007), students doing cyber-

bullying displayed this behavior for these aims with the following percentages:

38% to have fun, 25% to take revenge, and 6% because of their bad mood due

to the situation they were in.

Intervention on Cyberbullying

The International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology (2015), has

researched ways in reducing cyberbullying. According to them, there are 3 major

ways in preventing the cause of cyberbullying.

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The first one is Digital Literacy. Based on their own interpretations, in

order to prevent cyberbullying, it would seem imperative to educate them in using

these technologies safely and wisely, including avoiding becoming victims of

cyber bullying. Wrong usage of the internet and social media sites will create

online conflicts. It’s better to know how these sites work to avoid these kinds of

contradictions.

Next is Supportive School Culture. The International Journal of School and

Cognitive Psychology stated that this was as an intervention of key importance,

as it suggests that creating a supportive school culture may reduce cyber bullying

for several reasons. First, promoting positive relationships between students and

teachers may be helpful. Having teachers and students understand each other is

important; it helps prevent negative characteristics among them that will lead

them to do cyberbullying.

Lastly, Psycho education about cyber bullying. Based on their research,

students may be reluctant to report cyber bullying in comparison to traditional

bullying primarily because they may believe that the school cannot or will not

assist them. Consequently, schools must educate students both about the

policies regarding cyber bullying and the school officials’ willingness to address

the issue.

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Educating the children about how cyberbullying works and how it affects

people by letting them watch a few films and videos will surely help them

understand why this is wrong and why they should do their best to avoid these

kinds of conflict whether being affected by it or causing it. Having the right

amount of knowledge provided by the school will help to reduce cyberbullying

among younger students and help them influence their peers.

Most importantly, they said, that parents mold their children. There are no

bad kids if there are no bad parents. The mother and the father are the first to

influence their children, if they can teach their kids to be nicer to people, online

and in real life, incidents like cyberbullying will rarely happen. If children can learn

from their parents at an early age and exercise their personality regularly, their

character will be positive and they will not think of doing such negative things to

their peers.

Cyberbullying via social media seen as crime

A bill has been filed at the house of representatives defining and

penalizing “Cyberbullying.” By this, Cyberbullying is considered as a crime. So

that all the netizens need to encourage to be more responsible when it comes in

posting in social media sites. According to Camarines Sur Rep. Rolando Andaya,

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“Acts of cruelty committed using internet or any form of electronic media or

technology that has the effect of striping one’s dignity or causing reasonable fear

or physical or emotional harm.”

By penalizing this, it would prevent some netizens to humiliate and striping

one’s dignity that can cause some mental illness of a person.

Under House Bill 5718 or the proposed “Anti Cyber-Bullying act of 2015”

that the cyber bullies shall face a penalty of fines ranging 50,000 PHP TO 100,00

PHP or imprisonment between 6 months or 6 years.

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Synthesis

Cyberbullying is as an act of bullying that uses electronic means to

intentionally hurt someone. Social Medias, internet and such are the most

common places this event occurs. It is seen as a crime, not only in the

Philippines but also in anywhere else in the world. From the literatures presented

above, it is well stated that Cyberbullying causes more harm than good. This

event may harm the psychological well-being of any individuals, victims or

perpetrators. Occurrence of Depression, Anxiety and other Mental Health and

Social problems is often observed to the people involved. However, even if the

occurrence and circumstances of it is widely spread, there’s still chances that

people will still engage in them.

Even if a lot of literature clearly indicates the negative effects of

cyberbullying, in accordance to the Choice Theory, it states that bullying

someone with the usage of electronic devices may satisfy ones’ needs. One can

feel good in doing it. However, this can never justify this wrongdoing.

Different laws are enforced to stop this crime (such as the “Anti Cyber-

Bullying act of 2015”). There are also a lot ways, other than laws, presented to

prevent or lessen this event such as Parent Training, Digital Literacy and much

more. By resolving this conflict, not just the people involved will benefit from it but

also our society and next generations as well.

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In this paper, the researchers didn’t only focus to the impacts of

cyberbullying to the victims of it but also to the bullies themselves, which makes

this study unique to other studies. We ought to know if there’s a difference

between the impacts of it to the two types of person involved and find out if they

are somehow related to one another.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

RESEARCH DESIGN

In order to collect information that will describe the situation, we, the

researchers, used qualitative research. Based on the definition, Qualitative

Research is primarily descriptive and non-experimental research. It is used to

gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It

provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for

potential quantitative research. The researchers decided to use a descriptive

survey as an instrument to gain information in order to accurately understand and

re-describe to the readers what our respondents have felt regarding our topic.

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RESEARCH LOCALE

The study will be conducted at the Higher School of University of Makati,

which was established in 2012. It is the first university in the Philippines to pilot

the Senior High School Modelling Program of the Department of Education in

2012. From then on, the department continues to serve and educate the

upcoming senior high school students. The researchers selected this school to

observe where cyberbullying impacts the Grade 11 HUMSS students, which are

the chosen respondents for this study, holistically.

The researcher wants to find out how cyberbullying affects Grade 11

students, not only academically, but also, in their daily lives. To be able to know

the overall population of the Grade 11 HUMSS, a letter of request was given to

the professors and respondents. A total of 571 covers the said population and we

selected 20% of it as our respondents in which we will hand a survey

questionnaire to gather information for our study.

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POPULATION AND SAMPLING

The study involves HUMSS students in selected sections within Higher

School of University of Makati.

The study utilizes the Impacts of Cyberbullying to the Holistic Aspect of HUMSS

Students of Higher School of University of Makati to gain more data for the

effective way of how to prevent cyberbullying case.

Table 1

Sections Population Sample

HUMSS 6 58 12
HUMSS 7 58 12
HUMSS 23 58 12
HUMSS 24 58 12
HUMSS 41 58 12
HUMSS 42 57 11
HUMSS 58 58 12
HUMSS 59 57 11
HUMSS 62 54 10
HUMSS 66 55 10
Total 571 114

Table 1 represents the distribution of survey questionnaires to the sample

HUMSS students of the said school, in which distributed to 114 HUMSS students

in 10 sections who are studying at HSU. We used the combination of purposeful

random sampling, which looks at a random sample and adds credibility to a

sample when the potential purposeful sample is larger than one can handle and

convenience sampling which is the selected cases are based on its accessibility.

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RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

To completely achieve the aim of this research, us, the researchers, will

use a survey questionnaire as our research tool. This help us communicate to

our respondents, which is the G11 HUMSS Students of UMAK-HSU. The first

part of the survey, is composed of profile or personal details such as, their name,

section, age and gender. The second part is, the questions and answers based

on their own experience and opinion that are in line with the selection we provide.

Their answers also can at least be guided by how they faced cyberbullying as

one of the hardest problems they encounter in life. Aside from the knowledge of

the researchers about the said the topic, we can also gain information by

conducting this survey. We will see how many students experience cyberbullying

and what they do in response.

The survey questionnaires will be gathered after the respondents had

finished answering these papers. The answers from these will be tallied and will

serve as the basis of new research results. Our Research Adviser Sir Bobby

Ilisan validated the questionnaire used in the survey.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

We will first search related literatures connected to our title. Next,

after reading related literature and formulate our primary data, we then prepared

first the materials and the instruments we will be using for our research. Next, we

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will identify the respondents who will participate for our data gathering

(researchers may also participate in the research). After identifying the

respondents, we will conduct a survey to satisfy the statement of the problem.

Purposeful Convenient Random Sampling was used to gather the research.

The researchers used survey questionnaires on a specific number of

respondents to know the holistic impact of cyberbullying to them as we analyze

and interpret the survey questionnaires. We conducted this survey at the

University of Makati and specifically on the Higher School Ng University of Makati

(HSU). The respondents are the G11 Humanities and Social Sciences students

randomly picked. We also conducted this research to know the 20% number of

students out of 571 G11 – HUMSS students being cyberbullied in the HSU. We

organized some interviews randomly picked from the surveyed students. We

want to know if the students have experienced cyberbullying and ask them how

they will cope up in school or what do they do to prevent this kind of scenario.

After gathering all the data, we will interpret it and formulate our conclusion.

DATA ANALYSIS

The collected data is analyzed by using qualitative data analysis

approach, in order to find out the Impacts of Cyberbullying to the Holistic Aspect

of the Grade 11 HUMSS students. The data will be gathered by describing and

narrating all the information and use them in our study. The answers from the

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questionnaires are most definitely the same and answers the specific questions

present in our research.

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 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL

REFERENCES

ARTICLES

Identification and Treatment of Cyberbullying. Crothers, L.M., et al. (2008).

Cyberbullying Legislation and Case Law: Implications for School Policy and

Practice. Hinduja, S., Patchin J. (2008).

Cyberbullying Laws and School Policies : A Blessing or Curse. Patchin, J. (2010).

Effects of cyber bullying. (2018).

Prevent Cyberbullying: Be Aware of What Your Kids are Doing Online. (2017).

Cyberbullying: Which 3 Social Networks are the Worst. Straus, B. (2018).

Cyberbullying from the Perspective of Choice Theory. Tanrikulu, T. (2014).

Tips to Stop Cyberbullying. (2013).

What is Cyberbullying?. (2018).

Cyber-bullying via social media seen as crime. Yap, D. (2015)

STUDIES

Cyberbullying among Filipino Adolescents (master’s thesis). Witkus, S. (2012).

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