GRID CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC

SYSTEM DESIGN
System Power = 0.000 kW

Technical Report

System: System1

Responsible Entity: $Empty_COMDESCR$

Location: $Empty_IMPINDIRIZZO$ - Ghartigaun,Rolpa

$Empty_LUOGOSTAMPA$, 03/07/2019
Head Designer
(Masters in Alternative Energy Er. Bipin Kandel)

________________________

Arcseed Engineering Pvt. Ltd

Masters in Alternative Energy Kandel Er. Bipin
Kupandol, Lalitpur
Lalitpur (Nepal)
01-4106525 - $Empty_TECFAX$
arcseed5engineering@gmail.co,
Copyright ACCA software S.p.A.
 GENERAL INFO
System installation site

System identified as System1

Address $Empty_IMPINDIRIZZO$
Postcode - Town $Empty_IMPCAP$ - Ghartigaun,Rolpa

Client

Name and Surname $Empty_COMNOME$ $Empty_COMCOGNOME$

NIN $Empty_COMCF$
VAT reg. nr. $Empty_COMPIVA$
Date of birth $Empty_COMDATANASCITA$
Place of birth $Empty_COMLUOGONASCITA$

Address $Empty_COMIND$
Postcode - Town $Empty_COMCAP$ - $Empty_COMCOMUNE$
($Empty_COMPROV$)

Telephone nr. $Empty_COMTEL$

Fax $Empty_COMFAX$
E-mail $Empty_COMEMAIL$

Designer

Company name Arcseed Engineering Pvt. Ltd

Name and Surname Er. Bipin Kandel
Qualification Masters in Alternative Energy
NIN $Empty_TECCF$
VAT reg. nr. 604337366
Address Kupandol, Lalitpur
Postcode - Town $Empty_TECCAP$ - Lalitpur (Nepal)
Telephone nr. 01-4106525
Fax $Empty_TECFAX$
E-mail arcseed5engineering@gmail.co,
 INTRODUCTION
With the installation of the "System1" PV system, the main intent is to achieve a significant energy savings
for the served building by using one of the most important renewable energy sources: the Sun.

Use of this technology comes from the need to combine:

- compatibility with architectural requirements and environmental protection regulations;
- no noise pollution;
- saving of fossil fuel;
- production of electricity without emissions of pollutants.

Today most of the world's electricity is produced through various types of power stations such as nuclear,
hydro and thermoelectric. If we consider the estimated energy as the production rate for the first year, 0.00
kWh, and the annual loss of efficiency at 0.90 %, the following indicators are valid for the entire system
lifetime which is set at 25 years.

Fuel savings

A very useful indicator to measure the amount of fuel saved when using a renewable energy source is the
Electricity to Primary energy conversion factor [TOE/MWh].
This coefficient identifies T.O.E. (Tons of Oil Equivalent) necessary for the production of 1 MWh of energy,
or the TOEs saved with the adoption of photovoltaic technologies for the production of electricity.

Fuel savings TOE

Electricity to Primary energy conversion factor [TOE/MWh] 0.220

TOE saved in one year 0.00

TOE saved in 25 years 0.00

Data source: World Energy Council 2007

Avoided emissions

In addition, the photovoltaic system allows the reduction of polluting substances into the atmosphere that
contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Avoided atmospheric emissions CO2 CH4 N2O Total GHG

Specific atmospherical emissions [kg CO2e/kWh] 0.46254 0.00044 0.00236 0.46534

Emissions avoided in one year [kg CO2e] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Emissions avoided in 25 years [kg CO2e] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Data source: 2016 UK Greenhouse gases (GHG) Conversion Factors

Reference standards

Being part of the building’s electrical systems, all works involved with the installation process must be fully
compliant with the relevant technical standard as prescribed by the regulations in force. The characteristics of
the entire system and its components must be in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations and in
particular must comply with:
- the requirements of local authorities, including fire safety prescriptions;
- the requirements and instructions as issued by National Grid.
 INSTALLATION SITE
The energy sizing of the PV system was carried out by taking into account not only the financial aspects, but
also:
- Availability of solar energy.
- Morphological and environmental factors (shading and albedo).

System surface availability

The site of installation is described as follows:

$Empty_IMPDESCR$

Availability of the solar energy source

Average daily solar radiation per month on horizontal plane

The availability of solar energy is verified using the "Meteonorm 7.1" data on a monthly average daily
values of solar radiation on a horizontal plane.
For the location where the system is to be installed, Ghartigaun,Rolpa, latitude 28°.6489 N, longitude
82°.8469 E and altitude 4 400 m a.s.l., the daily average solar radiation per month on the horizontal plane
is estimated to be as follows:

Average daily solar radiation per month on horizontal plane [MJ/m²]

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
15.73 17.53 21.89 23.26 24.80 22.79 19.30 18.29 17.86 18.50 17.28 16.49
Data source: Meteonorm 7.1

Fig. 1: Average daily solar irradiation per month on the horizontal plane [MJ/m²]- data source: Meteonorm 7.1

Therefore, the values of annual solar radiation on the horizontal plane are 7 111.30 MJ/m² - Data source:
Meteonorm 7.1.

Environmental and morphological characteristics

Shading analysis

The effects of shading due to natural elements (mountains, trees) or artificial (buildings), determine the
reduction of solar gains and the related payback time.
The shading coefficient, function of the site morphology, is 1.00.
Solar energy diagram for Ghartigaun,Rolpa:
 Fig. 2: Solar diagram

Albedo

In addition, to take into account of surplus radiation due to reflectance of the surfaces of the area where the
system is installed, the monthly mean albedo values, also considering the ISO EN 8477, were estimated as:

Average monthly albedo values

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

The annual average Albedo value is 0.20.

 SYSTEM DESIGN
Calculation procedure

General design criteria

The design principle normally used for a photovoltaic system is to maximize the collection of the available
annual solar radiation.

In most cases, the photovoltaic system must be exposed to sunlight in an optimal way, choosing priority
orientation to the south, so as to avoid excess avoiding shading. In accordance with any architectural
constraints of the structure upon which the system is installed, different orientations can be adopted as long as
they are adequately verified and evaluated.
Energy losses due to such phenomena affect the cost of kWh produced and payback time.

From the architectural point of view, in the case of applications on pitched roofs, the choice of the inclination
and orientation must take into account that it is generally advisable to maintain the plane of the modules in
parallel or even coplanar to that of the roof itself. This in order to not alter the shape of the building and to not
increase the action of wind forces on the modules. This favors the circulation of air between the rear of the
modules and the building surface in order to limit temperature losses.

Produced energy - estimate criteria

The produced energy depends on:

- Installation site (latitude, solar radiation, temperature, surface reflectance of the front of the modules).
- Exposure of the modules: angle of inclination (tilt), angle of orientation (azimuth).
- Shading due to natural or artificial elements.
- Characteristics of the modules: power rating, temperature coefficient, decoupling losses or mismatch.
- B.O.S. (Balance Of System).

The value of BOS can be estimated directly or as a complement to the unity of all losses, calculated using the
following formula:

Total losses [%] = [1 – (1 – a – b) x (1 – c - d) x (1 – e) x (1 – f)] + g

where:
a - losses due to reflections.
b - losses due to shading.
c - mismatching losses
d - losses due to the effects of temperature variations
e - DC circuit losses
f - Inverter losses.
g - AC circuits losses

Electrical verifications criteria

Considering the module minimum and maximum operating temperature points, (-10°C) and (70°C), the
following conditions were verified:

MPPT VOLTAGES
Voltage at maximum power point, Vm at 70 °C greater than the minimum MPPT voltage.
Voltage at maximum power point, Vm at -10 °C less than the maximum MPPT voltage.
These MPPT voltage values represent the maximum and minimum operational range for performance at
maximum power.
MAXIMUM VOLTAGE
Voc (open circuit) at -10 °C less than the maximum inverter voltage.

MODULE MAXIMUM VOLTAGE

Voc (open circuit) at -10 °C less than the maximum module voltage.

MAXIMUM CURRENT
Maximum generated current Isc (short circuit), less than the Inverter's maximum current.

INVERTER SIZING FACTOR

A typical sizing factor is between 70 % and 120 %
The inverter sizing factor is the percentage ratio between the nominal power of the inverter and the power of
the photovoltaic generator connected to it (in the case of MPPT sub-systems, sizing is verified for the MPPT
sub-system as a whole).
System System1

The system, identified as "System1", is a grid-connected system type and is connected to the main grid with a
"Single-phase in low voltage" type connection.
Its rated power is of 0.000 kW and an annual energy production of 0.00 kWh (equal to 0.00 kWh/kW),
resulting from 0 modules, with a surface of 0.00 m², and consists of $Empty_IMPNGENER$.

System technical datasheet

General Info

Responsible entity $Empty_COMDESCR$

Address $Empty_IMPINDIRIZZO$
Postcode - Town $Empty_IMPCAP$ Ghartigaun,Rolpa

Latitude 28°.6489 N
Longitude 82°.8469 E
Altitude 4 400 m

Annual solar radiation on horizontal plane 7 111.30 MJ/m²

Shading coefficient 1.00

Technical Data

Modules total surface 0.00 m²

Total number of modules 0
Total number of inverters 0
Total annual energy 0.00 kWh
Total power 0.000 kW
Energy per kW 0.00 kWh/kW
Accumulation system Absent
Useful accumulation capacity -
BOS 74.97 %

Produced Energy

The total annual energy produced by the system is 0.00 kWh.

The chart below shows the monthly energy values produced by the PV system:

Fig. 3: Monthly energy produced by the system

Other system component specifications

Module distribution and positioning

$Empty_IMPMODULIPOS$

Electrical wiring

$Empty_IMPCABLAGGIO$

Earthing system

$Empty_IMPMESSAATERRA$

Energy storage system

$Empty_IMPSISTACC$

Circuit protections

$Empty_IMPPROTEZIONE$

Notes

$Empty_IMPNOTE$
 MODULES TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
$Empty_B_MOD$

INVERTER TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

$Empty_B_INV$
 INDEX
GENERAL INFO 2
System installation site 2
Client 2
Designer 2
INTRODUCTION 3
Fuel savings 3
Avoided emissions 3
Reference standards 3
INSTALLATION SITE 4
System surface availability 4
Availability of the solar energy source 4
Average daily solar radiation per month on horizontalplane 4
Environmental and morphological characteristics 4
Shading analysis 4
Albedo 5
SYSTEM DESIGN 6
Calculation procedure 6
General design criteria 6
Produced energy - estimate criteria 6
Electrical verifications criteria 6
System System1 8
System technical datasheet 8
Produced Energy 8
Other system component specifications 9
Module distribution and positioning 9
Electrical wiring 9
Earthing system 9
Energy storage system 9
Circuit protections 9
Notes 9
MODULES TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 10
INVERTER TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 10
INDEX 11