WATER AUDIT ON ATRIUM

Project ID-11
(A Project Report Submitted for Green Technology course of B.Tech
Sixth semester under Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Odisha)
By
ARASADA RASMITH PATNAIK 201614162
BAISHNAVI BHARATI 201619171
BISWAJIT SENAPATI 201610182
GLORIA JENA 201611201
Md MONISH QURAISHI 201610180
NARAYAN PRASAD TRIPATHY 201610144
SANCHITA MANDAL 201641185
SHUBHAM RAJ 201618151
SIDDHARTH SEKHAR 201610142
SONALI MOHANTY 201641137

Under the guidance of

Dr. PRADYUMNA PATRA

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Palur Hills, Berhampur- 761008, Odisha, India
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our privilege to epitomize our deepest sense of gratitude and

indebtedness to our advisor, Dr. Pradyumna Patra for his valuable
guidance, keen and sustained interest, intuitive ideas and constant support.

We highly appreciate the effort taken by NIST water and transportation

department in providing us with the necessary data and vital statistics,
without which this project would not have been successful.

We would also like to thank Prof. Sangram Mudali, Director, NIST and
Prof. Geetika Mudali, Placement Director, NIST for having been the
ultimate source of inspiration and moral support. Their continued drive
for better quality in everything that happens at National Institute of
science and Technology and selfless inspiration has always helped us to
move ahead.

ARASADA RASMITH PATNAIK

BAISHNAVI BHARATI
BISWAJIT SENAPATI
GLORIA JENA
Md MONISH QURAISHI
NARAYAN PRASAD TRIPATHY
SANCHITA MANDAL
SHUBHAM RAJ
SIDDHARTH SEKHAR
SONALI MOHANTY
 ABSTRACT

The world’s water resources are finite but exist on a planet with a
constantly growing population. The development of water resources to
man’s benefit has been a fundamental factor in the evolution of
civilizations throughout history. But, as our populations continue to grow
and shift, the availability of quality water resources is in decline.
Pollution, climate change and construction of cities in dry regions are
some of the factors exacerbating evolving supply/demand imbalances. To
account this, it is essential that man utilize existing water resources in the
most careful, efficient manner. Water audits provide a rational, scientific
framework that categorizes all water use in your system. It is a tool to
overcome drought related problem, shortage, leakage and losses.
International Water Association (IWA) / American Water Work
Association (AWWA) initiated a large scale effort to asses reduced above
related problem with the help of audit.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................i

 ABSTRACT........................................................................................…..ii

 TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................iii

 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................iv

 BRIEF PROFILE OF ATRIUM..............................................................vii

 NIST WATER SYSTEM..........................................................................viii

 OLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM..........................................x

 NEW WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM........................................xii

 ATRIUM WATER USAGE AND DISTRIBUTION.........................xiv

 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................xvi

 REFERENCES........................................................................................xvii

 THANK YOU........................................................................................xviii
 INTRODUCTION

Audits are performed to ascertain the validity and reliability of

information; also to provide an assessment of a system's internal control.
The goal of an audit is to express an opinion on the person / organization
/ system etc., in question, under evaluation based on work done on a test
basis. Water audits provide a rational, scientific framework that
categorizes all water use in your system. It is a tool to overcome drought
related problem, shortage, leakage and losses. International Water
Association (IWA) / American Water Work Association (AWWA)
initiated a large scale effort to asses reduced above related problem with
the help of audit. Water audit is most effective tool for water management.
With the help of water audit, we identify and quantify what steps can be
taken to reduces water use and losses. Water audit and its analysis which
can solve not only many water related problem but also saves precious
resources and public money.

Just as business routine, bank prepares statement of debits and credits for
their customers and provides a statement of money, which is flowing into
and out of accounts. The water audit display how quantity of water flows
into and out of the distribution system and to the customer. Yet, as
essential and commonplace as financial audit are to the world of
commerce, water audit have been surprisingly uncommon in public water
supply throughout most of the world. In place where the intrinsic value of
water has not been recognized, little motivation has existed to promote
requirement for auditing and sound assessments of water loss
performance. As water is becoming a more valued commodity, however,
this picture is beginning to change.
IMPORTANCE OF WATER AUDIT: A portion of the total water use
is leakage, some of it is due to inaccurate metering, some of it may be
unauthorized use, and some of it is water delivered to customers. A water
audit determines where the water ends up and how much of it got there.
The level of detail in the water audit will vary based on the information
on system has available. All water systems lose some amount of water
for a variety of reasons. There are no accurate statistics for how much
water is lost. Water loss costs money, paid by the system and customers.
Utilities cannot reduce their water loss to zero. Some water loss is
unavoidable, and it is not worth the expense to try to eliminate every drop
escaping your system. However, most of the loss that occurs in water
systems can be better managed by using a water audit. Managing a water
utility is similar to managing any other business. In India, the land, water
resources and population are 2.4 percent, 4 percent and 16 percent
respectively of those of the globe. On an average the 50 percent of rain
fall is within 15 days and in less than 100 hr, and this water is used for
365 days. The present water availability of India is 1820 m3 per capita
per annum reduces from 6000 m3 per capita in 1947. In the context of
prevailing scenario, the water audit becomes an inevitable activity in
India and in World. Thus it is a tool to identify public money wastage due
to the water loss, un-authorized connections as an advantage over the
optimized use of water resources with environmental protection.

OBJECTIVES OF WATER AUDIT: Objectives of water audit is to

find out physical losses due to pipe leakage and over flow, losses due to
metering errors, un-authorized connections and free water supply given
by Municipal authority for public stand post and park in the distribution
system.
BENEFITS OF WATER AUDIT:

1. Water audits provide decision making tools to utility managers,

directors, and operators. i.e., knowing where water is being used in your
system allows you to make informed decisions about investing resources
such as time, labor and money.

2. Water audits allow managers to efficiently reduce water losses in the

system.

3. It less the cost incur for electricity, chemicals, and maintenance cause
due to losses in the system.

4. Reducing water used at the source may even result in delaying or

avoiding capital investments such as a new well, more treatment
technology or additional water rights.

5. Water audits also identify which water uses are earning revenue for the
utility and which water uses are not. Thus, System personnel can increase
revenue by ensuring all appropriate uses are being accurately measured
and billed. This leads to more financial capacity in the water system,
reduced cost per customer and better management of the water resource.

6. Creating awareness among water users i.e., customers can see and
understand that the utility is taking proactive steps to manage wasted
water.

7. It is an effective educational and public relations tool for the water

system.
 BRIEF PROFILE OF ATRIUM

ATRIUM is the latest addition to our building infrastructure. This

building houses the maximum number of classrooms in the campus
amounting to 25, 11 laboratories including the Chemistry, Physics,
Engineering drawing, C-lab, Language lab, etc., and 13 faculty rooms.
The Student Activities Center is also located here. The NIST Business
School with its own well-equipped library is also nestled in this sprawling
building is a reflection of our tastes and ideas in embracing ultramodern
architecture and latest technologies in our own classrooms and
laboratories to impart quality education.

It is a five storied building as shown in the picture below:

Fig1.1 Atrium Building

 NIST WATER SYSTEM

National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) is located

near Palur Hills in the district of Ganjam, Odisha. The latitude and
longitude for NIST on globe is19.3149618°N and 84.7940911° E.

NIST had a greater water demand if we compare it with the country. At

NIST, the annual per capita water consumption was calculated to be
39.82 kL. On the other hand, the national parameter was estimated to be
22kL.

NIST depended on private water source for its total requirement. The
water was carried to the campus by 4 water tankers. The underground
water is dwelled to the campus from the two sources located at 5.5km and
2km from the campus. On a normal working day, the water consumption
was 1.56lac kL which reduced to 1000 kL during Dusshera break and
semester break. During summer certification courses 7655 kL of water
was needed per day. Including the techno-cultural festival and DST
science camp, the campus had the annual consumption of 1,67,000kLof
water.
 Daily Water Consumption of NIST

QUANTITY OF WATER USED IN KL

200000
156000
150000

100000

50000
1000 7655
0 1000

DIFFERENT OCCASIONS OF WATER USAGE

Normal Working Day Dussehra Vacation Summer Course Semester Break

Fig 1.2 3-D Clustered Column Showing Daily Water Consumption of NIST

The hostels consumed 109950 kL (65.838%) of water. The cafeteria

required 10500 kL (6.287%) and the campus required 13265 kL (7.943%).
Water required for gardening and ornamentation was 33285 kL (20.254%)
of total supply.

Annual Water Consumption of NIST

20% Hostel

8% Cafeteria

6% 66% Campus

Gardening & Ornamentation

Fig 1.3 3-D Pie Showing Annual Water consumption of NIST

 OLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

On a daily basis four tankers having capacities 11,000 liters(2), 14,000

liters and 9,000 liters carry around 3 Lac liters of water in approximately
30 trips from nearby areas of Randha and Bhaliagarh. 2.5 Lac liters of
total water is brought from Randha whereas remaining 50,000 liters come
from Bhaliagarh. . The older system needed the tanker to move in the
entire campus and fill in each sump individually for any respective
building. The older system was less efficient as compared to the newer
one as there was more water wastage in carrying the water through the
entire campus. On an average during transportation each tanker lost
around 500 liters of water. This was because each water tanker had some
sort of leakage in it. And there was also water loss happening due to over
flow of water from the top of the water tanker and this water got spilled
throughout the campus when these tankers moved from one building to
another building. On the other hand these water tankers had to do their
work of reaching their respective buildings and filling in the sumps and
these activities were being carried out during the college hours.

Such type of activities led to disturbance inside the college environment

during class hours .The movement of such heavy vehicles also posed a
threat to the students who used the roads to reach the respective college
buildings and in this way the risk of accidents could not be overlooked.
The water which got lost due to leakage from the water tankers inside the
campus got spilled on the roads making them wet on a regular basis and
hence reducing their life. Also these roads were not constructed for
running of such heavy vehicles. So these things also played an important
role in the wearing out of In-Campus roads in a short period of time.
 GALLERIA
LHC
BUILDING

ATRIUM

Fig1.4 Pictorial Representation of Old Water Distribution System

 NEW WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Very recently the campus has switched to a newer system of water

distribution wherein water is poured only to one main sump near Ladies
Hostel and the water is automatically channeled to other buildings by
opening the valves. The older system needed the tanker to move in the
entire campus and fill in each sump individually for any respective
building. The older system was less efficient as compared to the newer
one as there was more water wastage in carrying the water through the
entire campus On an average during transportation each tanker losses
around 500 liters of water. The newer system doesn’t include running
tankers all throughout the day in the campus which reduces the risk of
accidents and decreases the life of campus roads which are not meant for
heavy vehicles to run on them.

Elaborating more on the new distribution system it comprises of one main

sump located near Ladies hostel and all other sumps are connected to it
via network of automated valves. The entire campus is connected via
pipes of definite lengths and all buildings can be supplied water through
them. The water is pushed into pipes either by motor or it moves by
gradient or gravity assistance. The height difference between the sump of
Ladies hostel and the Atrium Building is 7 meters which helps in easy
flow of water during the gradient. The pipes connecting them are big in
diameter around 4 inches and by this water reach the sumps of Atrium
Building of capacity 5.4 Lac liters. By using motors the water is drawn
from that sump to the Over Head Tank where are 5 in HR-1, 2 in HR-2
and 4 in Ladies hostel. Pipeline connections are made for utilizing water
in the Over Head Tank for various purposes such as drinking ,
 washrooms etc. As a result of various wastage the demand of water was
much higher than actually needed.

LADIES
LHC
HOSTEL

WATER TANKER

WATERFLOW

CONTROL VALVES

UNDERGROUND

WATER CHANNELS

ATRIUM

HR-II
HR-I

Fig 1.5 Pictorial Representation of New Water Distribution System

 ATRIUM WATER USAGE AND DISTRIBUTION

TOTAL WATER CONSUMED IN A DAY IN ATRIUM

BUILDING SUMP (CAPACITY in OVERHEAD WATER

TANK(Capacity in Litres)
Litres)

ATRIUM 54000 25000

Table 1.1

ATRIUM WATER CONSUMPTION

25000
OVERHEAD WATER TANK
STORAGE AREAS

54000
SUMP

0 20000 40000 60000

WATER CAPACITY IN LITRES
DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION

Fig 1.6 3-D Clustered Bar showing Daily Water Consumption in Atrium

DETAILS OF TANK OF ATRIUM

HEIGHT WEIGTH DEEP GROUND

ATRIUM 16’16” 13’4” 7’0” 26’6”*8’6”12’

Table 1.2
 DETAILS OF WASHROOM IN ATRIUM

NO OF NO OF TOILET NO OF
TAPS BASIN BOWL FLUSH

BOYS 4 8 10 14

GIRLS 12 6 0 12

STAFF 8 8 0 8

Table 1.3

NO. OF AQUAGUARDS IN ATRIUM=4

 CONCLUSION

From the above water audit it can be concluded that the water
consumption is on a very large scale and quite obviously it is
accompanied by water wastage.

 Previously, while carrying water to the campus via trucks there was
a loss of approximately 500 liters per truck.

 Most of the times liters of water are wasted at once due to leaky
faucets and open taps.

 Most of the water is wasted in flushing as in each flush around 9

Liters of water is used at max.

 It is a very evident thing in the Atrium Building that a lot of water

is running down out of OTHs due to overflow of water.

Suggestions for a better and efficient water management system

 Minimizing leakage from pipes and fixing leaky faucets as far as
possible.
 Replacing the older flushing systems by newer ones which are
more efficient.
 Creating awareness among the students regarding the water
scarcity in this place.
 REFERENCES

For national data:

1. www.data.gov.in

2. www.worldbank.org

For campus data:

1. www.nist.edu

2. NTCS tool monitoring system

3. NIST Online Information System (OIS)

4. Mr. Ranen Nayak(Transport Manager NIST)

5.Mr. Rath(Engineering Consultant NIST)

6.Photogallery(https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByzuptN14QphaU

RWODA2VV9zakU/view?usp=docslist_api)