Assignment#1

Topic: Allama Ibn-i-Khaldoon

Submitted to: Mam Faiza
Submitted by: Asmat zahira (Roll no#24)
Maryam Asghar (Roll no#04)
Bs –IT(6th -smester)
Submission date:
16-Aug-2018
Department:
Information technology
Allama Ibn-i-Khaldoon
 History:
Ibn-i-Khaldoon was a great thinker of the Middle Age. His
name was Mohammad Ibrahim, Bin Abdul Rehman Ibn-i-Khaldoon.
Basically he was historian and wrote history of cultural life of Babar
tribes. He was the real father of sociology. He was born in Tunisia in
1332AD.
He is sheikh of all societies. He was first major Islamic
thinker. He emphasized Importance of empirical facts, developed a
theory of change and identified tribal solidarity.

He defined the foundations of sociology more than 4

centuries before AUGUST Comte “Discovered” them. He made a
study of the social and cultural life of these tribes and laid the
foundation of a new science called “Ilmul-Imran”.

 Thoeries of Khaldoon:
He wrote much on history and left important thoughts on changes
of cultural life of the people. His thoughts are still accepted by the
modern social scientist.
Some of his social thoughts are explained below:
1. Methodology
2. Theory of AL-Asabiya(social solidarity)
o Religion movement
o According to Martindale
 o Urbanization
o Civilization
o Ilmul-Imran
3. Theory of rural and urban society
 Types of society
o Badvi(Rural)
o Hazri(urban)
4. Theory of social change
5. Society as living organism
6. Social Character Of Man
7. Ibn-i-Khaldoon on state
8. Khaldoon Theory Of Rise and Fall Of Nation
1. Methodology:
This method he described in his book “MOKADIMA”. He has
explained the methods of logic as the scientific method. He devised
these methods for the study of social science.
These methods are used in the study of relationship between
historical events and facts. He says that ,
“There is close relationship among
Historical, political and social events.”
It is true that if there is a cause there is an event and if there is no
cause there is no event. There is no third and forth possibility. All the
scientific researches use this method of logic and derive facts.

2.Theory of Al-Asabiya (Social solidarity):

Ibn-i-Khaldoon is an inventor of the concept of “Al-Asabiya”.
 It is the force which unites people with one another. This
force leads to creation of a state . people get together by joining their
minds and forces and create solidarity among themselves which
leads to(“AL-ASABIYA”).
There patterns of behavior create solidarity among them.
They become a united one by which the society and the state are
founded.
In his book “MOKADIMA” he wrote ,
“AL-Asabiya is the emotions of similarity,
which keep the people of a group united together
having a common effective action.”
This spirit is supported by French philosopher “EMILE
DURKHIEM”. He says Al-Asabiya is a spirit which unites people into
tribes and ultimately into society.
A GOVT. is not snatched from nation till there is Al-Asabiya
in the nation. The more a tribe enters into luxury the more it will
deviate from Al-Asabiya and the force of bravery will be weakened.

 Religion movement:
He says that religious movements sharpen the forces of spirit
that unites people into tribe and without it no religion movement
can succeed. Asabiya and the force of relationship are directly
related together for creation of a brave nation and dominating force
enemy.

 According to Martindale:
Martindale has written about the sociology of Ibn-i-Khaldoon that
“No society can live without Al-Asabiya.
He has called it the spirit of solidarity.”
The people have to depend upon one another and they seek,
co-operation in getting food and housing needs. He says that society
and the state are created simultaneously.

 Urbanization:
One cannot live without society until he gets help from other
people for his livelihood. A social process is developed which is
called urbanization Ibn-i-Khaldoon has called it civilization. Man
requires the help of such organization for the satisfaction of his
needs.

 Civilization:
He says that basically man is like animal. He becomes human
being with the co-operation of others. He learns in the association of
social organization. He gets justice from GOVT. in this organization.
This social organization which is similar to the urban areas, was
called civilization by him.

 Ilmul-Imran: He says that there should be a science to

study the people of his civilization which he named as Ilmul-
Imran( the study of population).Ibn-i-Khaldoon said that an
extensive and powerful state comes into existence when co-
operation is founded on vast basis.
 He has called this condition as Al-Asabiya of group
feeling. He says that when the people of such a group are
interrelated together they create kinship(clan) or a tribe. Again he
said that all the people included in this group a common ancestor.

3.Theory of rural and urban society:

Ibn-i-Khaldoon has described some characteristics of
human society. He says that human society supersedes the animal
society, due to the following conditions on the basis of wisdom. The
need of a supreme Governer search for the means of livelihood.
Living together with their fellow human beings leading to the
development of state.
Due to these conditions man likes to live in social life and he
satisfies his needs while living in society. On the other hand these
traits are not found in animals.

 Types of society:
He has divided society into two types
Badvi(Rural)
Hazri(Urban)

 Badvi(Rural):
 The people of Badva have strong force of Al-Asabiya.
 They are brave and generous.
 They live in deserts while the basic needs of life are hardly
available and minimum.
 They are hard worker mostly shepherds.
 They are strong in difference.
 They believe in their energy not on arms.
  The force of social solidarity is the strongest in these people.

 Hazri(urban):
 The Hazri are the people like our urban people.
 They depend upon the forces of army and police. That is why
they are physically weak and coward.
 They cannot face enemy bravely.
 They live a luxurious life, which weakened their force of
Asabiya.
He says that the tribes live a nomadic life which is of rural type.
In this type, group life is found at the highest. The tough life of
deserts enable them to force and defeat the enemies.
When the tribes become sedentary the group life becomes weak
and this society, according to Khaldoon is called urban.

4.Theory of social change:

According to Ibn-i-Khaldoon ,
Human society is ever changing. Those societies which
lose the force of Al-Asabiya become disorganized. Hence, their GOVT.
is changed .The structure of society changes into loose aggregate of
people. He says that a tribe in power becomes weak with other
changes in the society.
Those tribes which are out of power others raid them
and get control of the GOVT. the lower of a tribe falls down when
their force of Al-Asabiya grows weak and they becomes careless
religion.
Ibn-i-Khaldoon has described three principles of social
change.
 The physical boundary of state should remain in control. The
state should not be so unlimited that its control becomes
impossible.
 Physical age of a state is about 120 years, divide into three
equal stages of 40 years each.
 Rise and fall of nations is turn by turn. One nation rises once
and the other rises after fall.
The most famous thought left Ibn-i-Khaldoon is “Ilmul-Imran”
which was later turned into “Imraniyat”(sociology).
The thoughts left by him are called “Khaldooniyat” the
sociology of Ibn-i-Khaldoon.

5.Society as living organism:

Society is like a living organism and organism consists
of body parts. Society is composed of culture and people. Both can
get sick, can grow , both can die and both can feel pain when one
part gets hurt.

6.Social Character Of Man:

Ibn-i- Khaldoon like Marx and Durkheim believes dynamic
nature of civilization or transition in cities ,towns and villages.
Societies move from simple to more complex organization. He
believed various states in historical process.

7. Ibn-i-Khaldoon:
 The role state is to establish law and order conducive for
economic activities .More ever enforcement of property rights
,protection of trade routes and security of peace are necessary for
any civilized to engage in trade and production.

8. Khaldoon Theory Of Rise and Fall Of Nation:

1. A firm establishment of private property rights and freedom of
enterprise.
2. Rule of law for establishment of justice.
3. Security of peace and security of trade routes.
4. Low taxation in order to increase employment and production.
5. No Government involvement in trade and production.
6. No price fixing by Government.
7. A rule does not give monopoly power to anyone in market.
8. A creative education system foe independent thinking.
9. A stable monetary police.

Thank you