6 Dimension Ing

Dimensioning
VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Objectives
• Discuss terms and definitions used in dimensioning
• Learn to dimension basic shapes
• Understand principles of good dimensioning
• Apply standard dimensioning practices to mechanical

drawings

Lecture Outline
Dimensioning & its common types

Size and location dimensions
Detail dimensioning
Dimensioning techniques

Dimensioning
• Orthographic and isometric views define the shape

and general features of the object
• Dimensioning adds information that specifies
– Size of the object
– Location of features (e.g. holes)
– Characteristics of features (e.g. depth and
diameter of hole)
• Dimensions also communicate the tolerance (or
accuracy) required

Dimensioning
Geometrics: the science of specifying and tolerancing the

shapes and locations of features on objects
Why do we need
dimensions?
Once the shape of
a part is defined
with an orthographic
drawing, the size
information is added
in the form of
dimensions to
physically build
the part
An engineering drawing will have graphics, dimensions, and

words or notes to fully define the part
TYPES OF DIMENSIONING
Parallel Dimensioning

Running Dimensions

Chain Dimensioning

Combined Dimensions

Dimensioning by Co-ordinates

Simplified dimensioning by co-ordinates

How are Objects Dimensioned?
• Objects are dimensioned based on two criteria:

– Basic size of the object and size and locations of
its features
– Details of construction for manufacturing

General Dimensioning Guidelines
• Start with basic outside dimensions of the object

– Height
– Width
– Depth
• Add dimension for location and size of removed

features
• Add general and specific notes – such as tolerances

Dimensioning
Two types of dimensioning:
1) Size and Location Dimensions 2) Detail Dimensions

Scaling vs. Dimensioning
Drawings can be different scales, but dimensions are

ALWAYS at FULL scale

Units of Measure
Angle Dimensions
• Length
– English: Inches, unless
otherwise stated
• Up to 72"
• Feet and inches over 72"
– SI: millimeter, mm
• Angle
– degrees, minutes, seconds

Dimensioning – Terminology

Text Height and Standard Configurations
.25 in
.375 in

Dimensioning Basic Shapes – Assumptions
• Perpendicularity
• Symmetry

Dimensioning Basic Shapes
• Rectangular Prism

Positive Cylinders Negative Cylinders

(solid) (hole)
Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines

• Cone
• Do not over dimension

• Frustum

Dimensioning Shows:
A) Size B) Location and Orientation
ALWAYS give DIAMETER " " for full circles (360 degrees)
and RADIUS "R" for arcs (less than 360 degrees)
Some General Guidelines
• Start by dimensioning basic outside

dimensions of the object.
• Add dimension for location and size of

removed features
• Add general and specific notes – such as

tolerances

Size and Location
Terminology: be familiar with the terms

(General rule: Full circle or >180°
use Ø, otherwise use R)
(Maximum material condition
Least material condition)
(Numerical value that

defines the size, shape,
location, surface
texture, or geometric
characteristics of a
feature)
(1 mm or 1/16”) (Theoretical exact size) (Information only –

not used in
fabrication of part)

Principles of Good Dimensioning
• The overriding principle of dimensioning

is CLARITY
• Principles – not an infallible rule set,

need to apply good judgment.

• Each feature
dimensioned once
and only once
• Dimensions should
suit the function of
the object

• Attach dimensions to most descriptive

view

• Assume angles that appear to be 90 degrees are unless

explicitly stated otherwise
• Place dimensions outside of object whenever possible

• Dimension lines aligned and grouped to

promote uniform appearance

Correct Incorrect
• Dimension and Extension Lines Outside the Body
• Do not have Extension Lines cross Dimension lines.
• Dimension lines should be unbroken

except for the number between the
arrowheads
• Space (at least)
– 10mm from object to first line
– 8mm from line to next line

• Gap – object to
extension line = 1/16
in.
• Extension lines
1/8 in. beyond
dimension line
• Extension lines
broken for crossing

• Leader lines used to dimension circles and

arcs should be radial
φ 1.50 φ 1.50
Correct Incorrect

• Positive Cylinder in longitudinal view,

Holes in Circular View, n symbol before
value

• Internal and external radii should be

dimensioned with numerical value
preceded by the symbol R (Note small
cross for center.)

• Do a final check!
– Every feature has been dimensioned once
and only once
– Make sure the numerical values are correct

Size and Location
Dimensioning standards:

Size and Location
Ask yourself: “What information is necessary to manufacture or

construct the object?”
Answer: Size and location
dimensions (horizontal
and vertical)
Dimensions showing the

location and orientation of
features Dimensions showing the
size of features
Size and Location
Standard practices:
Minimum Dimension Line

Spacing
Dimension Text Placement

Size and Location
How should we place multiple dimensions?
Group Dimensions
Do not use object lines
as part of dimension

Size and Location
View Dimensions
Keep dimensions off of
the view
Stagger Dimension Text

Size and Location
Repetitive Features

Size and Location
What are the extension line basic standards?
Extension Lines

Size and Location
How should we align the dimension text?
Reading Direction

Dimensioning Techniques
• The dimensioning process:

– Step 1: Front view – locate
ends of angled surfaces
using dimension lines –
place numeric values
– Step 2: Add dimension
lines for overall
dimensions: height, width,
and depth
– Step 3: Locate the center
of the hole using horizontal
and vertical dimension
lines. Extend center lines.
– Step 4: Draw a radial leader line from the hole to a convenient
location, add extension or shoulder, then add dimension

Practice Problem
How many Dimensions

are needed?

Practice Problem
How many Dimensions

are needed?
Answer: 8

Example Dimensioning
Step 1. Dimension basic

outside dimensions:
1.00
HEIGHT
WIDTH
2.00 DEPTH
1.25

Example Dimensioning
Step 2. Location and Size

1.00 of Removed Features
(Notch)
LOCATION OF THE NOTCH
2.00
SIZE OF THE NOTCH
.500 .500
1.25
.325
.250

Practice Problem
Given: Height: 2 inches

Width: 2 inches
Depth: 1.5 inches
Hole Diameter: 1 inch

Practice Problem
Φ 1.0

What are the dimensioning errors?

What are the dimensioning errors?
Missing width dimension
Move dimension from

Line to shape
Gaps too wide
Dimensions not between views

Extension Lines Practices

Dimensioning Example
1.0 Step 1.
0 Dimension
basic outside
2. dimensions
00
.500 .500
Step 2. Location and
Size of Removed
Features (Notch)
1.2
.32 5 LOCATION OF THE NOTCH
.25 5
0 SIZE OF THE NOTCH

General Considerations in Dimensioning
• Fillets and rounds can be dimensioned in a "NOTE"

e.g. "ALL FILLETS AND ROUNDS R1.000 UNLESS
OTHERWISE NOTED"
• When there are multiple identical rounds or holes,

dimension one and include the number of holes
e.g. 4 X R1.000 or 2 X Ф1.000 and so on.
• NOTE: You may see older drawings with letters TYP

after the dimension. This indicates that all similar un-
dimensioned features have the same dimension

Dimension Repetitive Features - Use the Symbol "X"

Dimensioning Circular Center Lines
• Circular Pattern Centerlines (Bolt Circles)

Special Surface Features
Countersink
Counterbore
Spotface
Boss

Symbols for Drilling Operations

End

6 Dimension Ing

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Dimensioning

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Discuss terms and definitions used in dimensioning

• Learn to dimension basic shapes

• Understand principles of good dimensioning

• Apply standard dimensioning practices to mechanical

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Dimensioning & its common types

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Orthographic and isometric views define the shape

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Geometrics: the science of specifying and tolerancing the

An engineering drawing will have graphics, dimensions, and

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Objects are dimensioned based on two criteria:

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Start with basic outside dimensions of the object

• Add dimension for location and size of removed

• Add general and specific notes – such as tolerances

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Two types of dimensioning:

1) Size and Location Dimensions 2) Detail Dimensions

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Drawings can be different scales, but dimensions are

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Positive Cylinders Negative Cylinders

Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

A) Size B) Location and Orientation

• Start by dimensioning basic outside

• Add dimension for location and size of

• Add general and specific notes – such as

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

Terminology: be familiar with the terms

(Numerical value that

(1 mm or 1/16”) (Theoretical exact size) (Information only –

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• The overriding principle of dimensioning

• Principles – not an infallible rule set,

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Attach dimensions to most descriptive

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Assume angles that appear to be 90 degrees are unless

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Dimension lines aligned and grouped to

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Dimension lines should be unbroken

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

VIT-SMBS KJR CDn SIV

• Leader lines used to dimension circles and