CH 7 :-RECORDERS

Prof. Sweta Parmar

I.C. Dept, GECR
Introduction :

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• In many of the industrial and research processes it is
necessary to monitor continuously the condition,
state, or value of the process variables such as flow,

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

force, pressure, temperature, current, voltage,
electrical power etc.

• It is often necessary to have a permanent record on

the state of a phenomenon being investigated.

• A Recorder Records electrical and non-electrical

quantities as a function of time.
• Electrical quantities like current and Voltages can
be recorded directly, while no electrical quantities,
such as Pressures, Flows, Levels etc are recorded

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indirectly by first converting them in to equivalent
currents or voltages with the help of sensors and
transducers.

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

• This record may be written or printed, and later,
can be examined and analyzed to obtain a better
understanding and control of the processes
A Permanent recorder may be useful
for the following reasons:

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• The record may be used by the Process
operator as a general operating guide, to

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

observe the trend of the measured variables.

• To provide an over – all picture of the

performance of the instrument.

• For obtaining useful data upon which to base

plant and process improvement.

• To locate trouble on the job.

Basically there are two types of recoding
system: (12/2015 & 05/2016)

Analog Recorders

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
 Digital Recorders

There are three types of analog recorders:

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

 Graphic Recorder
 Magnetic tape recorder
 Oscillographic recorders

Digital recorder has two types:

 Return to Zero (RZ)

 Non return to Zero (NRZ)
Graphic Recorder
Graphic recorders are devices which display and store a pen
and link record of the history of some physical event.

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A graphic recorder consists of:

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

• A chart of displaying and storing the recoded
information
• A stylus moving in a Proper relationship to the Paper
• Suitable interconnection means to couple the stylus to
the information source
There are three types of Graphic Recorder:
• Strip – Chart Recorder
• Circular Chart Recorder
• X –Y Recorder
Strip – Chart Recorder:

• Strip chart recorders are use to record the function

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varying with respect to time.
• They are generally used on the Potentiometer type
instrument or on the resistance thermometer.

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

• It consist of a long roll of graph paper known as chart,
moving a vertically.
• The chart is usually driven by a Synchronous Motor
equipped with a speed selector switch to change the
Chart speed conveniently in fixed increments. A broad
range of chart speed is available from several inches
per second to a friction of an inch per hour.
• A Stylus is use for making marks on the moving chart
which moves horizontally proportional to the quantity
being recorded.
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Advantages :
• Long Process periods are easily recorded.
• Readability is the same at all values of scale span.

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• 90 % or more of the chart width is used as recording
area.
• They are adaptable to multi point recording.

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

• A wide range of chart speeds is available.

Disadvantages :

• It is difficult to file and not easily used for reference.

• A limited length of the chart is visible, about 8 inch
(20 cm).
Applications :

Used in variety of industrial applications for examples,

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Monitoring of chemical processes

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

•
• Heat- treat ovens
• Nuclear reactors
• Power stations
• Steel plant
Circular Chart Recorder:

• Circular chart recorders are used on almost every

kind of industrial instrument, e.g. flow, pressure,

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temperature and level.
• They are available for recording either a function vs.
time or a function vs. angular displacement.

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

• A single pen direct acting circular chart recorder is
shown in fig.
• It consists of circular chart which is based essentially
on polar coordinates with the exception that the zero
is moved away from the geometric center and the
time lines are segments of an arc instead of straight
lines.
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Advantages :

• Charts are flat, easy to handle and file

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• The entire records of one process period available at a
glance

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

Disadvantages :

• Time values towards the centre are difficult to read

• The chart must be changed once every process period

X-Y Recorder:

• An X-Y recorder is an instrument for the graphic

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recording of the relationship between two variables.
• The block diagram of a typical X-Y recorder.
• The signal enters each of the two channels through

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

input attenuators where they are adjusted to the
inherent recorder full scale range.
• The signal then passes to a balance circuit where it
is compared with an internal reference voltage of
source.
• The error signal is fed to a chopper which convert dc
signal to a ac signal.
• The signal is the amplified in order to0 drive a servo
motor which is used to balance the system.
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X-Y CHART RECORDERS
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Annunciators
Introduction: (12/2015)
• The purpose of an annunciator is to bring attention to

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an abnormal or unsafe operating condition in the
plant.
• The annunciator system consists of multiple alarm

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

points.
 ANNUNCIATOR TYPES :

Integral Annunciator :

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• The integral annunciator, a cabinet containing a
group of individual annunciator points wired to

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terminal blocks for connection to external trouble
contacts.
• It is also the simplest and cheapest to install.
Remote Annunciator :

• The remote annunciator differs from the integral

annunciator in that the visual indicators are remote

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from the cabinet or chassis containing the logic
modules.

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

• Remote annunciators were developed to allow the
visual indicators to be placed in their actual process
location in the graphic flow diagram.

Recording Annunciators:

• Recording annunciators are available to substitute a

printed record of abnormal events for only visual
and/or audible alarms.
• These systems print out a record of the events and
identify the variable, the time at which the alarm
occurs, and the time at which the system returns to
normal.

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Vocal Annunciators:

Prof. Sweta Parmar, GEC, Rajkot

• Vocal annunciators are unique in the type of abnormal
audiable message they produce.
• The audible output is a verbal message identifying
and describing the abnormal condition when it occurs
and repeating the message until the operator
acknowledges the difficulty.
• The system continuously scans the trouble contacts,
and when an abnormality is found, it turns on
a flashing visual indicator and selects the optional
proper verbal message for broadcast.
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Indicators
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Level Indicator
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Pressure Indicator
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Temperature Indicator
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