Smart Bank

Design Project Report 2018-19 Smart Bank
1. INTRODUCTION
“A building which serves the primary needs, performs intelligence in functioning, conserves
energy and also cost effective is a Smart Bank”
The design project on “Smart Bank” is primarily aims at establishing or installing certain
advanced technologies into existing building technologies. The aim of this project is to use the
integrated technological building systems, communications and controls to create a building
and its infrastructure which provides the owner, operator and occupant with an environment
which is flexible, effective, comfortable and secure.The future, with a new level of technology
and data, requires a new approach to how we look at designing, renovating, and maintaining
buildings.
Smart Bank buildings, with intelligent infrastructures, utilize a higher level of technology and
provide a higher level of intelligence than typical school buildings in the past. The future will
be about leveraging data from building systems to maximize uptime, lower costs, and pre-plan
for major expenditures. The main objectives of the project are; Resource conservation and
cost efficiency.
With the advancements in all the fields of life, it becomes important to create new paradigms
to sustain growth and elevate customer value in the fast-paced business environment. Smart
Bank Building Solutions are an intelligent automated system to create a comfortable
environment that helps in efficient building operation and improved energy efficiency. Smart
bank building technology investments typically pay themselves within one or two years by
delivering energy savings and maintenance efficiencies. Making the right use of Internet of
Things (IoT), sensors, on-premises gateways, distributed control and cloud analytics can be
used. Smart bank buildings are designed to run more efficiently and – more important – to
communicate with and about their various systems.
The technologies selected to install into the Smart bank are; Kinetic footfall, Lightning arrester,
Occupancy sensors, Fire sprinkler system, Hydrogel, Solar windows, Burglar alarm and
convergent network.
Dept Of Civil Engg. 1 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

1.1 AIM
To plan and design a smart bank which is efficient in operation by installing certain advanced
technologies into it.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this project are;

i. Resource conservation
ii. Cost efficiency
1.2.1 RESOURCE CONSERVATION
Nature provides us the basic needs like food, shelter, clothes, etc. for our survival. We use air,
water, soil, minerals, coal, petroleum, animals, plants etc. in our daily life. But do you ever
think how long these precious materials of the nature will be available for our use. The
growing population, rapid industrialization and urbanization have created heavy demand on all
these materials. It is feared that unless proper steps are taken to conserve them in time, we will
face tremendous hardship in future. Energy refurbishments of buildings can substantially
contribute to economy-wide energy efficiency improvements, leading to decarburization and
additional sustainability beneﬁts. With the increasing industrialization and urbanization of the
modern human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they are not properly used and
well managed, a serious scarcity will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural
resources. This will also upset the ecological balance.
1.2.2 COST EFFICIENCY
Large construction projects are inherently complex and dynamic. Many projects start with
good ideas, huge investments and great efforts. However, most of them do not achieve much
success.Saving time and moneywith smart project planning and Cost Efficient Construction
utilizing advanced strategies is meant by cost efficiency. It also deals with learning new money
saving saving techniques for capital improvements, reinforce project management skills etc. In
simple words, one of the objectives is to minimize the cost and maximize the profit or
regaining the investment cost. The retrieval of investment is through managing the energy in
an efficient way.

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC
A building should be able to fulfill the basic needs and comfortable for the users. It should be
on top for operation and efficiency. The topic highlights on efficient building operation and
improved energy efficiency. A smart building in the concept should save energy and maintain
efficiencies. It facilitates collaboration between the facilities and systems at new levels. Smart
bank buildings solutions make facilities smarter, safer and more productive. The integration of
sensors is essential to reduce the operational costs and save the power. Various technologies
decided to impart into the project involves the use of sensors. Smart bank buildings also help
to keep a track of the usage and lifecycle of your equipment.
Today the technologies of both manufacturing and construction have changed, but not nearly
to the same degree. Construction is essentially the process of moving and assembling materials
and equipment into a completed, operational facility. Although many construction operations
are repetitive, they are performed neither in a fixed sequence nor at a fixed location.
2. TECHNOLOGIES USED
The technologies used are Kinetic footfall, Lightning arrester , Hydrogel , Solar windows
Occupancy sensors , Fire sprinkler system , Burglar Alarm and Convergent network.
2.1 KINETIC FOOTFALL
Capturing energy from human footfall is a newer approach to generating sustainable energy.
With the help of kinetic tiles, energy from human activity can be captured and converted into
electricity. This is the idea behind kinetic footfall.
Kinetic footfall is special type of pavement tiles that generates electrical energy from footsteps.
The kinetic energy of walking or people converts into electricity which is used to make the
floor react and interact visually and to power applications which show the direct electricity
output of a person’s moves.

Fig 1: Kinetic Pavements

(source: https://www.ovoenergy.com/blog/technology-and-innovation/kinetic-pavements-
are-giving-a-whole-new-meaning-to-power-walking.html )
2.1.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE
The Energy Floor module flex slightly when stepped on which creates a movement that
can be transformed by a small internal generator each module by the size of 75 X 75 X 20
cm can produce up to 35 watts of sustained output between 5 to 20 Watt per person.
2.1.2 WORKING OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The working of our proposed system mainly depends on piezoplates.The energy harvesting
aspect of these piezoelectric floor tiles lies in the unique proeperties of the crystal structure.
Certain ceramics, such as lead zirconate titanate form a tetragonal structure with a small atom
in the center. When the crystal is strained, the center atom displaces from its lattice site and
creates a potential. In our case, this displacement allows for energy harvesting of the
depression caused during foot strike. The energy output of these types of energy harvesting
tiles depends upon the applied force; a larger stress corresponds to a larger potential difference
and thus more energy. In order to estimate the power output of a single person walking
through the campus center, it is important to determine the magnitude of forces experienced
by the ground during walking.

Fig 2 : Materials used in pavegen tiles

(source: http://www.rnrassociates.com/wordpress/energy-walkway/pavegen-kinetic-energy-0/)
2.1.3 PLACES WHERE KINETIC FOOTFALL IS GOING TO BE INSTALLED
The footfall tiles should be installed where maximum footsteps are available. As the store
room, vault, manager’s cabin and toilets occupy minimum usage, there will be a less
probability of installing kinetic tiles. So here we choose the lobby, the circulation space inside
the working area and veranda.
2.1.4 COST
The costs of the product is critical in determining the value of the overall project.
Although the tiles are currently being used in some high traffic areas, they are currently
not available for consumer purchase. So no official price has been announced, but
Pavegen employees have been reported as saying the titles could cost as little as $76 in
the future (Morales, 2013). It is important to note this does not however include the costs
of installation, labor, logistics, loss of productivity due to down time of bad tiles.
Area of kinetic footfall tiles = 107.96 m2

Cost = 7558 dollars

Fig 3: Applying pavegen technology

(source: https://www.slideshare.net/JomonVithayathil/pavegen-seminar-ppt)
2.2 LIGHTNING ARRESTER
By definition, all thunderstorms contain lightning. Lightning can strike the ground or ground-
based objects, within the thunderstorm cloud, from one thunderstorm to another or into the
atmosphere. Thunderstorms are most likely to develop on warm spring or summer days, but
they can occur any time of the year. It is a common misconception that 1ightning rods
discharge clouds and thus prevent lightning. Actually lightning rods only serve to route the
1ightning harmlessly to ground. In doing so they divert the lightning when it is 10 to 100
yards away. Most lightning casualties occur in the summer months and during the afternoon
and early evening.Bank is a public place as well as a place of keeping documents and
properties. A lightning shock may destroy all the documents and properties which are stored
in a bank. The occupants may also be getting harmed due to the lightning effect. So the
provision of a lightning arrester is important in a bank to save people, money and document
etc.

Fig 4: Lightning arrester
(source: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/protect-fr-franklin-rod-conventional)
2.2.1 WORKING
It is in the latter manner that lightning rods actually work. The charge flowing between a
lightning rod and a thunder cloud is much too small to discharge the thundercloud. The rod
diverts to itself a stroke on its way to earth but can do so only in the final part of the stroke’s
earthward trajectory.Diversion is achieved by the initiation of an electrical discharge, a sort
of travelling spark, which propagates from the rod, intercepts the downward-moving
lightning, and provides a conducting path to the rod. Before the traveling spark is initiated,
the downward-moving lightning is essentially uninfluenced by objects on the ground
beneath it. The traveling spark is generally 10 to 100 yards long when it meets the lightning.
Fig 5: Lightning protection system

(source: http://www.electrical-installation.org/enwiki/Building_protection_system)

A lightning rod system has three main parts: the rods on the roof, the wires which connect
the rods together and those which run down the sides of the house or building to the
grounding arrangement, and the grounding arrangement. Although the rods are the most
visible, each of the three parts is equally important since the system may fail if any part is
inadequate. Any metal rod or pipe may be an effective lightning rod, but to ensure a long
lifetime for the rod, corrosion-resistant metal such as copper, aluminium, or galvanized iron
should be used. There is no evidence that a pointed rod is better than one with a ball on the
top. A wide variety of lightning rod shapes can be seen on urban and rural structures. The
primary function of the wires which link the lightning rods and those connecting the rods to
the grounding arrangement is to carry the lightning current from the rods to the ground. The
wires on the roof have the secondary function of intercepting lightning discharges which
may have missed the rods. In fact, grids of wires alone have been used on roofs in place of
lightning rods. The lightning codes recommend aluminium or copper wires. The U.S.
lightning code suggests approximately 1/4 in. diameter copper wire or 3/8 in. diameter
aluminium wire, while the British code recommends 3/8 in. diameter for both. In addition to
round solid wire conductors, tubular, strip, or stranded aluminium or copper conductors of
an appropriate cross-section may be used.It is sometimes imperative to keep the lightning
current and possible attendant sparks from contacting any part of a protected structure - a
typical case being a liquid-fuel storage vat in which flammable vapors are present. Here, the
roof rods and wire conductors are often replaced by a system of wires suspended between
tall towers arranged around the structure. A similar scheme is used to protect high voltage
transmission lines from lightning strikes. A grounded wire (or wires) is strung above the
high voltage lines to intercept strokes that would otherwise hit the power lines.
2.2.1 FRANKLIN ROD MODIFIED WITH METAL OXIDE
2.2.1.1 METAL OXIDE SURGE ARRESTER
The arrester which uses Zinc Oxide semiconductor as a resistor material, such type of
arrester is known as a metal oxide surge arrester or ZnO diverter. This arrester provides
protection against all type of AC and DC over voltages.

2.2.1.2 CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
The Zinc Oxide is a semiconducting material of N-type. It is pulverised and finely grained.
More than ten doping materials are addes in the form of fine powders of insulating oxides
such as Bismuth, antimony trioxide, Cobalt oxide. The powder is treated with some
processes and the mixture is spray dried to obtain a dry powder.
The dry powder is composed into disc-shaped blocks. The blocks are sintered to obtain a
dense polycrystalline ceramic. The metal oxide resistor disc is coated with a conducting
compound to protect the disc from undesirable environmental effect. The conducting
coating also provides proper contacts and uniform current distribution. The disc then
enclosed in a porcelain housing filled with nitrogen or SF6 gas. Silicon rubber used to keep
the disc in position. The ZnO element eliminates series sparks gaps in the diverter. After the
travelling of the surge, the voltage across the diverters falls, and the current is reduced to the
negligible value of the resistor units, and there is no power follow current. The main
advantages of franklin rod modified with metal oxide are
a) It eliminates the risk of spark

b) Eliminates the risk of shock
c) It eliminates the need of voltage grading system
d) The leakage current is much low
e) There is no power follow current
f) It has high energy absorbing capability
Fig 6: Cross sectional view of Franklin rod modified with metal oxide

Fig 7: Plan of Franklin rod modified with metal oxide
In this proposal, a hollow Franklin rod made with Aluminium is filled with metal oxide.
Thus both the advantages of Franklin rod and Metal oxide lightning arrester can be attained.
2.3 HYDROGEL
A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked

polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from hydrophilic monomers by either chain or
step growth, along with a functional crosslinker to promote network formation.
2.3.1 HYDROGEL AS A COOLANT IN BUILDINGS
Hydrogel, a substance that can absorb and contain a huge amount of water, plays a crucial
role in this cooling system. This polymer regularly absorbs and releases water without
being degraded, and it can keep 400 times its volume in water. The evaporation process of
hydrogel is capable of lowering the temperature.
Fig 8: Hydrogel
(source: https://www.slideshare.net/hydrogel -seminar-ppt)

The main advantages of hydrogel are

a. Application of tough hydrogel as regenerable ‘sweating skin’ for building cooling.
b. Tough gel exhibits effective evaporative cooling and extraordinary cyclability
c. Charging and discharging capability of the tough gel was retained after 50 cycles
The functional features of an ideal hydrogel material can be listed as follows
a) The highest absorption capacity (maximum equilibrium swelling) in saline.

b) Desired rate of absorption (preferred particle size and porosity) depending on the
application requirement.
c) The highest absorbency under load (AUL).
d) The lowest soluble content and residual monomer.
e) The lowest price.
f) The highest durability and stability in the swelling environment and during the storage.
g) The highest biodegradability without formation of toxic species following the
degradation.
h) pH-neutrality after swelling in water.
i) Colorlessness, odorlessness, and absolute non-toxic.
j) Photo stability.
Fig 9: Hydroceramic overview
(source:http://www.morethangreen.es/en/hydroceramic-intelligent-walls-iaac-)

2.4 SOLAR WINDOW
Basically, a solar window is a window with built-in photovoltaic functionality. This means
that they can convert light from the sun into electric energy.
There are 3 major solar window types that are currently available or intensively researched:
photovoltaic films: these are thin films of organic cells coated onto the glass, working also
as retrofit solution for standard window glass dual glass (also called: double glass or glass-
glass) modules, which basically crystalline silicon solar cells sandwiched between two
layers of glasssolar-embedded windows, which are glass windows with the solar cells
embedded into the glass.
Fig 10: Solar Window

(source:https://www.google.com/search?q=solar+window+images&tbm=isch&source=
iu&ictx)
2.4.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE
Any type of technology that uses windows on buildings to generate electricity from the sun
could be classified as a “solar panel window.” Solar window technology isn’t ready for
commercial production yet, which means that they aren’t available for you to install in your
home. However, there are several technologies being developed that could hit the mass
market in the near future.
Solar windows would hypothetically be able to replace standard glass window panes, while
traditional solar panels are an addition to a previously installed roof. As a result, this type of
solar technology is often referred to as “building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).” Tesla’s

solar roof is another recent technology that fall under the BIPV umbrella. BIPV
technologies offer many potential benefits – many homeowners love them because they can
be much more aesthetically appealing and easier to maintain than traditional solar options,
depending on the type of installation.
Why isn’t solar panel window technology everywhere? The simple answer is functionality.
Traditional opaque solar panels use photovoltaic technology, meaning they capture energy
in the form of light and use it to generate electricity. Because windows are meant to let light
through, windows that act as solar panels need to reconcile letting incoming light through to
illuminate a room and also capturing incoming light to use for energy production. A solar
window that doesn’t let enough light simply acts as a vertically mounted solar panel; if it
lets too much light in, the window can’t generate enough electricity to be cost-effective. For
solar panel windows to impact the solar market, they need to become truly building-
integrated and unobtrusive.
Advantages of solar window are

a) Renewable energy source
b) Reduces the rate of consumption of thermal energy
c) Low maintenance costs
Limitations of solar window are
a) High cost of material

b) Weather dependence
c) Limited availability of materials

Fig 11: Working of solar window
(source:https://www.google.com/search?q=solar+window+images&tbm=isch&source=
iu&ictx)
2.5 OCCUPANCY SENSORS
An occupancy sensor is an indoor motion detecting devices used to detect the presence of a
person to automatically control lights or temperature or ventilation systems. The sensors use
infrared, ultrasonic, microwave, or other technology. The term encompasses devices as
different as PIR sensors, hotel room keycard locks and smart meters. Occupancy sensors are
typically used to save energy, provide automatic control, and comply with building codes.

Fig 12: Occupancy Sensor
(Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=occupancy+sensors+working&source=lnms)
2.5.1 SYSTEM DESIGN AND COMPONENTS
Occupancy sensors for lighting control typically use infrared (IR), ultrasonic, tomographic
motion detection, microwave sensors, or camera-based sensors (image processing). The
field of view of the sensor must be carefully selected/adjusted so that it responds only to
motion in the space served by the controlled lighting. For example, an occupancy sensor
controlling lights in an office should not detect motion in the corridor outside the office.
Tomographic motion detection systems have the unique benefit of detecting motion through
walls and obstructions, yet do not trigger as easily from motion on the outside of the
detection area like traditional microwave sensors.
Sensors and their placement are never perfect, therefore most systems incorporate a delay
time before switching. This delay time is often user-selectable, but a typical default value is
15 minutes. This means that the sensor must detect no motion for the entire delay time
before the lights are switched. Most systems switch lights off at the end of the delay time,
but more sophisticated systems with dimming technology reduce lighting slowly to a
minimum level (or zero) over several minutes, to minimize the potential disruption in
adjacent spaces. If lights are off and an occupant re-enters a space, most current systems
switch lights back on when motion is detected. However, systems designed to switch lights
off automatically with no occupancy, and that require the occupant to switch lights on when
they re-enter are gaining in popularity due to their potential for increased energy savings.
These savings accrue because in a spaces with access to daylight the occupant may decide
on their return that they no longer require supplemental electric light.

Fig 13: Parts of an occupancy sensor
(source: https://www. occupancy+sensors+working&source)
2.5.2 WORKING OF OCCUPANCY SENSORS
Occupancy sensors, small devices designed to detect the presence of a person are ubiquitous.
This is largely because they can be extremely cost-effective tools for reducing energy use
and costs. If human beings were faultless at turning off lights, these sensors would be less
valuable. But human nature is what it is, and as a result we’ve invented occupancy sensors
instead.These sensors come in two main flavors. The most common type is a passive
infrared (IR) sensor. Passive infrared sensing technology simply means that they sense heat.
When they detect heat, they send an electrical signal to a circuit to turn a light on.
Their basic building block is a scientific concept called the pyroelectric effect. Literally
“fire” and “electricity,” pyroelectricity, is possible because of the crystal structure of atoms.
When a crystal is warmed, the atoms move slightly, a voltage across the crystal is generated,
and that voltage becomes the electrical signal telling the lights to turn on.
Passive infrared sensors are not go-getters though. They just sit tight, waiting for a change
to come to them. So if, for example, you are sitting behind an office partition, the sensor
may not “see” you because it doesn’t have a direct line of sight.

This is where the second type of sensors, ultrasonic occupancy sensors, become important.
Ultrasonic sensors can “sense” motion through and around obstacles. They work using a
different scientific effect called the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect is something you’ve
probably experienced frequently. When an approaching car emits a high-pitched noise then
switches to a lower pitch noise after is passes you, that’s the Doppler effect in action.
Ultrasonic detectors use the same principle. It’s all about shifts in sound waves.
And unlike passive infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors are actively emitting ultrasonic
waves. These waves bounce back around the room, then return to the sensor at the same
pitch with which they were emitted. But, when they bounce off a person behind a cubicle
wall who is shifting in her seat, the sound wave pitch shifts higher. The ultrasonic sensor
detects this pitch change and sends an electrical signal to turn the lights on.
This shift is sound waves is based on the equation:
F2 = F1 * C / (C + V)
Where:
F1 = The sound the ultrasonic sensor sends out
F2 = The sound the ultrasonic sensor receives back
C = The speed of sound t sea level, about 700 miles per hour
V = The speed of the person approaching the ultrasonic sensor. About 3 miles per hour.
The important thing to note is that F2 will be different from F1 if someone is moving, and
when F2 is different from F1, the light will turn on.
You can combined both types of sensors, too. There “dual-technology sensors” are more
expensive but also more reliable. They will only turn on or off when both detectors pick up
the signal, protecting against lights turning on unnecessarily as well as lights turning off
prematurely. The result is much less energy waste thanks to two interesting scientific
phenomena: the pyroelectric effect and the Doppler effect.

Advantages of occupancy sensors : Can be very fool proof, allowing wide coverage and
applications. Can be wired to a dimming circuit to control room lighting based on available
light and occupancy. Small, inexpensive, and easy to install. Can cover wide areas
effectively; switching units can control a variety of equipment.
Disadvantages of occupancy sensors : They can be more expensive (for small area
applications), and may require more adjustments since sensors contain more than one
sensing unit. Integrated Daylight Sensors can be difficult to adjust and require a dimming
ballast or special wiring. Wall Switch Sensors’ range can be limited, and depending on the
location of the switch, they can easily be obscured. Wall or Ceiling-Mounted Sensors tend
to be more expensive and often necessitate rewiring
Fig 14: Schematic for occupancy sensor
(source: https://www. occupancy+sensors+working&source)

2.6 FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply
system, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto
which fire sprinklers are connected. Although historically only used in factories and large
commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now available at a cost-
effective price. Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million
sprinkler heads fitted each year. In buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems,
over 96% of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone.
Fig 15 : Fire Sprinkler
(source:https://www. fire+sprinkler&source)
2.6.1 OPERATION
Each closed-head sprinkler is held closed by either a heat-sensitive glass bulb or a two-part
metal link held together with fusible alloy. The glass bulb or link applies pressure to a pipe
cap which acts as a plug which prevents water from flowing until the ambient temperature
around the sprinkler reaches the design activation temperature of the individual sprinkler
head. In a standard wet-pipe sprinkler system, each sprinkler activates independently when
the predetermined heat level is reached. Thus, only sprinklers near the fire will operate,

normally just one or two. This maximizes water pressure over the point of fire origin, and
minimizes water damage to the building.
A sprinkler activation will do less water damage than a fire department hose stream, which
provide approximately 900 litres/min (250 US gallons/min). A typical sprinkler used for
industrial manufacturing occupancies discharge about 75-150 litres/min (20-40 US
gallons/min). However, a typical Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) sprinkler at a
pressure of 50 psi (340 kPa) will discharge approximately 380 litres per minute (100 US
gal/min). In addition, a sprinkler will usually activate within one to four minutes of the fire's
start, whereas it typically takes at least five minutes for a fire department to register an
alarm and drive to the fire site, and an additional ten minutes to set up equipment and apply
hose streams to the fire. This additional time can result in a much larger fire, requiring much
more water to extinguish.
Fig 16 : Parts Of a Fire Sprinkler
(source: https://www. fire+sprinkler&source)

Sprinkler systems are among the most useful tools in your firefighting arsenal.
Step 1: Fire Sprinklers Detect Heat
Step 2: Fire Sprinklers Douse the Fire
Step 3: Fire Sprinklers Minimize Water Damage
2.7 CONVERGENT NETWORK
Network convergence is the efficient coexistence of telephone, video and data

communication within a single network. The use of multiple communication modes on a
single network offers convenience and flexibility that are not possible with separate
infrastructures. Network convergence is also called media convergence.
In a “converged network” environment, Ethernet isn’t only used for transporting data, but it
networks an ever-growing number of devices. Of course, these developments have their
repercussions on data center design. For example, power and distribution efficiency
requirements become quite different. Let’s take a look at a number of changes that network
convergence can bring to the data center: Convergence allows users to make the most of
increasingly sophisticated system intelligence. It can provide enormous efficiency increases,
from both technical and business perspectives, by centralizing management of IT resources,
consolidating systems, boosting resource utilization rates and cutting costs.
2.7.1 BENEFITS OF CONVERGENT NETWORK
Deployment of converged networks helps reduce overall power consumption, improves

cooling efficiency and enables the introduction of further energy-saving measures.
Ventilation in computer rooms, for example, can be smaller, function with greater efficiency
and require less energy. Valuable space can also be saved, which also ultimately improves
energy consumption. The latest generation of cabling also has an improved noise ratio and
therefore requires less power for noise cancellation.

Convergence enables the introduction of Energy Efficient Ethernet according to the IEEE
802.3az standard. When a link is idle, the power consumption of physical-layer devices is
reduced by placing part of the transmission circuit into low-power mode without affecting
data transmission. An EEE-defined protocol enables Ethernet devices (in LPI mode) to keep
operational parameters updated. This approach preserves link stability and avoids
disconnections. When the link is required once again, it is simply “woken up” after a
predetermined delay.
Power losses caused by idle circuitry are a major concern, with millions of new switches
being added to the already substantial installed based each year. The use of Power over
Ethernet (PoE), however, is also facilitated by network convergence.You can use thinner
cabling for next-generation technologies. As a result, you can take the cabling out of the
raised floor and place it above the floor. Cutting down on cables used in the facility also
reduces the number of obstacles in the raised floor's air path. Not having to store quite as
many cables in raised floors saves on materials and resources while also improving air
circulation, which saves energy. In addition, servers and switches need less transmission
power when links are short and signal transmission is undisturbed, and they require less
cooling power.
Convergence can also make it easier to implement critical functions and improve the
responsiveness of the IT department. Monitoring network ports, cables, connectors and
components in real time with an intelligent infrastructure-management system also pays off.
Full overview and total control of the physical infrastructure allows you to use it more
efficiently. Operating only the capacities you really need means energy and material
consumption can be further optimized. A survey by Frost & Sullivan found that as many as
40 percent of the switch ports are “forgotten” in the ongoing operation of a large data
network. They remain unused because the operator lacks a full and current overview of the
infrastructure. Intelligent, automatic infrastructure management can substantially improve
efficiency and thereby reduce operating costs.

Fig 17 : Multiple networks v/s convergent network
(source: https://www. convergent+network+in+a+bank&oq=convergent+network)
2.8 BURGLAR ALARM
Burglar alarm systems are used in many households, banks, companies and anywhere where
security maybe a threat. Burglar alarm, fire alarms and safety alarms are electronically
designed to alert the user of any specific danger. Most alarms, in specific burglar alarm
systems are built around the same basic concepts, that is, by using sensors that are
connected to a control unit via signals (low-voltage wiring or narrowband RF). These
sensors are then used to interact with a response device (sirens).
Fig 18: Burglar Alarm
(source: https://www. burglar+alarm&source)

2.8.1 OPERATION OF BURGLAR ALRAM
The operation of a burglar alarm is the same that of an electric circuit. In order to know
about burglar alarms and how they work, one has to compare them to a simple electric
circuit or appliance. For example, one has to turn on a switch to turn of the lights or any
other appliance. This principle works in the same way with burglar alarms. The only
difference is that the movements of an intruder will be detected by the switch. If an intruder
breaks in a house through a door or window, his movements will be detected by a switch
which will trigger the burglar alarm. There are 2 categories of circuits:the closed-circuit as
well as the open-circuit system. In a closed circuit system, when a door or window is shut,
the electric circuit is closed. This means that electricity can flow from one end to another in
the circuit. But when the door or window is opened by an intruder, the circuit will be open,
thus the alarm will be triggered. This works opposite in an open-circuit system. The alarm
will instead be triggered when the door or window is closed. The alarm will sound once the
circuit is closed. In knowing about burglar alarms and how they work, one should recognize
the magnetic sensor and know how it works. The magnetic sensor is composed of:
1.A battery that is powering the circuit 2.A spring-driven switch made of metal that is
built onto a door or window frame 3.A magnet that is embedded in the door or window, also
lined up with the switch 4.A buzzer that is powered separately with a relay-driven
switchWhen magnetic sensor will detect the movements in the door or window, it would
send signals to the control box which would in turn send a signal to the alarm device, such
as a bell. The bell will sound the alarm, which will frighten the intruder or make him go
away. The control box also can send a signal to the police department so that they can come
and apprehend the intruder. This is located in a safe place so that the intruder cannot find
and disengage it. This is the basic concept of burglar alarms and how they work. Once
somebody can get the basic idea, he can then use this knowledge to find better ways to
maintain and develop his security system.

Fig 19: Circuit Diagram Of Burglar Alarm
(source: https://www. burglar+alarm&chips=q:burglar+alarm,g_1:circuit+diagram)
3. INNOVATION
Technologies like kinetic footfall , Use of modified Franklin Rod (lightning arrester), Use of
hydrogel as coolant in building , Solar window , Use of occupancy sensors , Installation of
Fire sprinkler system , Use of burglar alarm and Implementation of Convergent network has
been combined together to innovate a smart bank . Smart Bank buildings, with intelligent
infrastructures, utilize a higher level of technology and provide a higher level of intelligence
than typical bank buildings in the past.

4. DESIGN
4.1 PLAN

4.2 SECTION
4.3 ELEVATION

5. CONCLUSION
A detailed study has been done on ‘Smart Bank’. It is planned and designed with latest
building technologies to ensure energy conservation, effective building operations and
better services to the users. The technologies considered are Kinetic footfall, modified surge
arrester, Hydrogel, Solar windows, Occupancy sensors, Fire sprinkler system, Burglar alarm
and Convergent network. The proposal is studied in detail and the design project has done
on ‘Smart Bank’.
REFERENCES
[1]Mohamed Elhalwagy, Mahmoud Yousef M. Ghoneem, Mohamed Elhadidi (2007)’

Feasibility Study for Using Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Floor in Buildings’ Interior
Spaces Adnan ,Computer Networks, vol. 52, 12, pp. 2292–2330.
[2]julius evans (2006) , ‘energy harvesting through the piezoelectric effect at sports
venue's , Computer Networks, vol. 52, 12, pp. 2292–2330.
[3]Rupendra Kumar Gohite, Madhuri Gohite (2002) ;Generation of electricity thorough
PZT materials with the help footfall stress ; Computer Networks, vol. 52, 12, pp. 2292–2330.
[4]Divya patel (2005) , sustainable mass transit system equipped with kinetic ramp and
footfall , Computer Networks, vol. 52, 12, pp. 2292–2330.
[5]MARTIN A. UMAN (2002) , ‘how does a lightning rod work? vol. 1, pp. 149–162.
Computer Networks, vol. 52, 12, pp. 2292–2330.
[6]Stipanicev, D., Bodrozic, Lj., Stula, M. (2007), ‘Environmental intelligence based on
advanced sensor networks’, In Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on 2007
IWSSIP and ECSIPMCS, Maribor, Slovenia.
[7]Yick, J., Mukherjee, B., Ghosal, D. (2008), ‘Wireless sensor network survey’,
Computer Networks, vol. 52, 12, pp. 2292–2330.
[8]Cardell-Oliver, R., Kranz, M., Smettem, K., Mayer, K. (2005), ‘A reactive soil
moisture sensor network: design and field evaluation’, International Journal of Distributed
Sensor Networks, vol. 1, pp. 149–162.

[9]David, B., Zhou, Y., Xu, T., Chalon, R. (2011), ‘Mobile user interfaces and their
utilization in a smart city’, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet
Computing (ICOMP’11) as part of WorldComp’2011 Conference, pp. 383–388.
[10]Augusto, J. C., McCullagh, J. P. (2007), ‘Ambient intelligence: concepts and

applications’, Computer Science and Information Systems, vol. 4, 1, pp. 1–27.
[11]Spohrer, J., Maglio, P., Bailey, J., Gruhl, D. (2007),’ Steps toward a science of service
systems’, IEEE Computer, vol. 40, 1, pp. 71–77.
[12] Saha, D., Mukherjee, A. (2003), ‘Pervasive computing’: a paradigm for the 21st century,
IEEE Computer, vol. 36, 3, pp. 25–31.
[13]| RipalVyas | Pulse | LinkedIn(2007) ,’Smart Buildings – Why they are important’ IEEE
Computer, vol. 40, 1, pp. 71–77.


Smart Bank

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Design Project Report 2018-19 Smart Bank

Dept Of Civil Engg. 1 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

The main objectives of this project are;

1.2.1 RESOURCE CONSERVATION

1.2.2 COST EFFICIENCY

Dept Of Civil Engg. 2 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC

2.1 KINETIC FOOTFALL

Dept Of Civil Engg. 3 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 1: Kinetic Pavements

2.1.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE

2.1.2 WORKING OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

Dept Of Civil Engg. 4 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 2 : Materials used in pavegen tiles

2.1.3 PLACES WHERE KINETIC FOOTFALL IS GOING TO BE INSTALLED

Area of kinetic footfall tiles = 107.96 m2

Dept Of Civil Engg. 5 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 3: Applying pavegen technology

2.2 LIGHTNING ARRESTER

Dept Of Civil Engg. 6 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 4: Lightning arrester

Fig 5: Lightning protection system

Dept Of Civil Engg. 7 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

2.2.1 FRANKLIN ROD MODIFIED WITH METAL OXIDE

2.2.1.1 METAL OXIDE SURGE ARRESTER

Dept Of Civil Engg. 8 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

2.2.1.2 CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

a) It eliminates the risk of spark

Dept Of Civil Engg. 9 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 7: Plan of Franklin rod modified with metal oxide

A hydrogel is a macromolecular polymer gel constructed of a network of crosslinked

2.3.1 HYDROGEL AS A COOLANT IN BUILDINGS

(source: https://www.slideshare.net/hydrogel -seminar-ppt)

Dept Of Civil Engg. 10 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

The main advantages of hydrogel are

The functional features of an ideal hydrogel material can be listed as follows

a) The highest absorption capacity (maximum equilibrium swelling) in saline.

Fig 9: Hydroceramic overview

Dept Of Civil Engg. 11 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

2.4 SOLAR WINDOW

Fig 10: Solar Window

2.4.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE

Dept Of Civil Engg. 12 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Advantages of solar window are

Limitations of solar window are

a) High cost of material

Dept Of Civil Engg. 13 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 11: Working of solar window

2.5 OCCUPANCY SENSORS

Dept Of Civil Engg. 14 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 12: Occupancy Sensor

2.5.1 SYSTEM DESIGN AND COMPONENTS

Dept Of Civil Engg. 15 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 13: Parts of an occupancy sensor

(source: https://www. occupancy+sensors+working&source)

2.5.2 WORKING OF OCCUPANCY SENSORS

Dept Of Civil Engg. 16 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

This shift is sound waves is based on the equation:

F1 = The sound the ultrasonic sensor sends out

F2 = The sound the ultrasonic sensor receives back

Dept Of Civil Engg. 17 SNGCE, Kadayiruppu

Fig 14: Schematic for occupancy sensor

(source: https://www. occupancy+sensors+working&source)