AGRO-SAVIOUR MODEL

A Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)
By

Sameeksha Vishwanath Mestry

Seat No: ____________

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs. ASHWINI KOYANDE

Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

VIDYALANKAR SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
MUMBAI, 400 037
MAHARASHTRA
2018 - 2019

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VIDYALANKAR SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
MUMBAI-MAHARASHTRA-400037
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled, "Agro-Saviour Model ", is bonafied work
of SAMEEKSHA VISHWANATH MESTRY Seat No: ____________ submitted
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY from University of Mumbai.

Internal Guide Coordinator

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: College Seal Principal

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 ABSTRACT

The aim of the project is to develop an agricultural land management and

security system which is easily accessible to the farmers and public of rural area.

 This system provides the facility for accessing and monitoring the agricultural
field and provides day-to-day acknowledgements of the water level of the dam
through an android app in the system. It is also a cost-effective system.

 The main emphasis is to provide smart facilities using advanced technologies

such as Android Studio, Arduino and Real-time servers for access and security
of the crop.

 This can be used by a farmer and any person in a rural area who wants to
manage and provide security to their land and related activities.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to convey my heart full thanks and deep
appreciation for the help rendered to me, by all of you resulting in successful
completion of my project.

I wish to give acknowledgement to all ever-helpful people whose experience

and guidance allowed me to make this invaluable piece of mere hard work. I would
like to show my appreciation to my project guide Mrs. Ashwini Koyande for her
continuous guidance and support, without which this project would not have become
a reality.

I express my sincere thanks to the Principal, Dr. ROHINI KELKAR, for

extending her support.

I would like to thank VIDYALANKAR SCHOOL OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY and all my teachers

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 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled, “Agro-Saviour Model” done at
Vidyalankar School of Information Technology, has not been in any case duplicated to
submit to any other universities for the award of any degree. To the best of my
knowledge other than me, no one has submitted to any other university.

The project is done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) to be
submitted as final semester project as part of our curriculum.

Sameeksha Vishwanath Mestry

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Background Background Background
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 2
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Purpose, Scope , Applicability 4
1.4 Achievements 8
Chapter 2: SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES 9

Chapter 3: REQUIREMENTS AND ANALYSIS 15

3.1 Problem Definition 16
3.2 Requirements Specification 18
3.3 Planning and Scheduling 19
3.4 Software and Hardware Requirements 21
Chapter 4: SYSTEM DESIGN 22
4.1 Basic Modules 23
4.2 Embedded/ IoT 26
4.2.1 Block Diagram 26
4.2.2 Data Flow Diagram 27
4.2.3 Class Diagrams 28
4.2.4 Use Case Diagram 29
4.2.5 Sequence Diagram 30
4.2.6 Activity Diagram 32
4.2.7 Circuit Diagram 37
4.2.8 Event Table 40

4.2.9 Menu Tree 41

4.2.10 Test Cases Design 42
References/ Bibliography/ Websites Used 45

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Introduction

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 1.1 Background

In today’s techno-savvy world, each citizen is trying to update their lifestyle and
to adopt the change happening rapidly in every sector. The basic and one of the most
important need to live is Healthy Food. But the sad part is, the sector which provides
all of us with the essential factor I.e. Food is not updated that much in relevance to other
sectors.

It takes a lot of efforts for a Farmer to take extra care of their Farms. Especially
when the crop is about to yield the specific outcome. Then extracting the components
for organic fertilizers from the residuals and store them. After a successful yield of the
crop, the residuals (i.e. the outer cover of the seeds, extracted grass and stems of the
vegetables) are stored in a wide-open area in the form of Bundles. Which is to be
protected by getting burned out due to continuous absorption of heat.

We found out that, we can work on some of the issues through this project,
which are:

 To detect the Motion of Birds/Animals/Intruders at night, Passive Infrared

sensor is been provided in our system.

 To detect the fire due to the imbalance of natural circumstances, a Flame sensor
is been provided in our system.

 View and analyse the status of what precaution has to be maintained for the
preparation of Natural Calamities.

The only effort must be done by the user is to install the appliance designed and
the user should sign in into the App.

Considering all these issues, we came up with a solution by which we can at

least reduce some efforts of farmers.

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1.2 Objectives

The main objective of this IOT based Agro Savior app is to Provide some smart
and quick accessible functionalities for farm and related surroundings to reduce some
tasks of the farmer.

If the farmer is been provided with high-tech facilities, then indirectly we are
leading to a high-tech healthy lifestyle as we totally rely on them and nature for our
basic needs.

 The Motion detecting mechanism.

 The Flame Detecting mechanism which also provides automated water

pumping system for an immediate solution.

 View and analyse the status of what precaution must be maintained for the
preparation of Natural Calamities.

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Purpose, Scope, and Applicability

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1.3.1 Purpose

The target system is designed to provide an integrated solution for farmers to

make their daily activities simple, effortless, safe and smart using their mobile phones.

The Overall motive of this project is to build an agricultural field management

and security system.

The customers who would use this system would not have to do the
extra work of providing security to the farm or need not go to the appliances
provided a solution but instead, use this application in the IOT based
System.

This Application in the IOT based System allows a user to detect the motion of
the animals and human beings and can instantly detect the flame arouse due-to
continuous absorption of heat. Even the application provides the facility of predicting
the water level of nearest Dam and keep a track of it to avoid the critical Natural
Calamities.

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1.3.2 Scope

The application that we are developing is only for rural areas.

This can be used by a farmer and any person in a rural area who wants to manage their
land activities or other animal husbandry activities.

We want to provide these facilities through our Agro – Saviour model:

1. To enable customers to handle equipment’s from the spot without letting anyone
know about it.

2. Users do not have to take any more efforts other than setting the Internet connection,
because the rest is taken care by the application: due to the PIR sensor, the motion is
detected. A Flame detector which detects the flame. Dam Prediction functionality
which records the levels and predicts the future levels through the application.

3. It helps the Farmers in managing and accessing the region from anywhere because
on click activities connect them to device rapidly, thus, speeding up the whole process.

4. Saves time because witness need not go to the farm to guard it.

5. The system is designed in such a way that it helps to secure the user’s personal
information. Their information would be revealed nowhere else other than the server
which is handled by the Administrator.

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1.3.3 Applicability

 This can be used by a farmer and any person in a rural area who wants to manage
and provide security to their land and related activities.

 Ease of Accessing the System, from anywhere by using android phones from
any point.

 People will become more aware and responsible for planning their future
aspects, in order of plan the water saving and usage.

 In this project, we have given the user to access the components on the click of
a button.

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1.3.4 Achievements

Building this unique ideology, from this college-level platform is a kind of achievement
for us, as our college granted us to pursue this ideology.

We got the opportunity to perform a survey on the real-time working system of the dam.
In this Dissertation, we learnt how to work on various platforms, such as working on
Android Studio for building an application.

We created a Semi-Professional Prototype for showing the working of our project.

We have been got a chance to learn various Software languages such as C++, Java,
Kotlin.

By embedding various Platforms, we learnt how to connect different technologies and

build this project.

Working throughout this process, our skills of Teamwork is getting enhanced.

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Survey of Technologies

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 For developing Front-end android application (Agro-Saviour) we will be using
Android Studio since it is easy to use, meets all the requirements and has the best
emulator performance compared to other IDE’s.

ANDROID STUDIO:

This is IDE created by community named “IntelliJIDEA” used as a platform for

developing Mobile Apps based on Android Technology. The IntelliJIDEA, Android-based
studio provides massive a amount of plugins created by different communities.

WHAT IS ANDROID SDK?

Android provides a rich application framework that allows you to build innovative
apps and games for mobile devices in a Java language environment.

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CORDOVA:

This is a free and open source tool used to create to develop hybrid apps with HTML, CSS
and JS.
Apache Cordova is a set of device APIs that allow a mobile app developer to access
native device function such as the camera or accelerometer from JavaScript. Combined
with a UI framework such as jQuery Mobile or Dojo Mobile or Sencha Touch, this
allows a smartphone app to be developed with just HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

ECLIPSE:

This IDE is used to develop the programs in Java and it also enables the developer
to expand with other languages via plugins.

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For Hardware parts,
Keeping a few factors in mind such as networking, RAM, interfacing with sensors,
power consumption and processor speed we are going to work with NODEMCU
ESP8266.

NODEMCU ESP8266:

An open-source firmware and development kit that helps you to prototype your
IOT product within a few Lua script lines.

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 You can prototype NODEMCU in Arduino ideas well, you just need to
download few library files to work with NODEMCU in Arduino ide.
It is integrated with WI-FI MCU ESP8266. The Development Kit based on
ESP8266, integrates GPIO, PWM, IIC, 1-Wire and ADC all in one board.

ARDUINO UNO:

The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on

the Microchip Atmega 382p microcontroller and developed by Arduino cc.
Specifications, Microchip Atmega 382p microcontroller, Operating Voltage: 5 Volt,
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output), Analog Input Pins: 6, RAM
2kb, ROM 1kb. We went through all the specifications of Arduino UNO and it seemed
to be the best way to get started with our project. But we the only problem is we must
buy WI-FI shield separately which costs approximately 500 INR. Whereas NODEMCU
is only for 350 INR.

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The Raspberry Pi:

Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United

Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer
science in schools and in developing countries. It is the smallest and cheapest CPU
available, with Broadcom BCM2837, 1.2 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex A53,
Broadcom Video Core, USB ports: 4 and 40 GPIO pins. It has its own Operating system
“RASPBIAN”. It is integrated with python ide. It is probably the best option available
when it comes to IOT. But its cost’s approximately 3500, whereas NODEMCU is very
cheap as compared to this.

Fig: Arduino vs Raspberry Pi Model B

Therefore, we are using Arduino

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Requirements and Analysis

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3.1 Problem Definition

Problems:

• People are pursuing ever-growing high quality of their lives today. This leads to
more and more facilities and home appliances poured into their surroundings.

• How to control and manage these versatile facilities and appliances in a farm?

• Usually, applications are used as smart technical quick handling tool for Internet of
Things in today’s world, thus necessitating the need of manual operations like pressing
to turn the loads on or off. It becomes very difficult to follow traditional methods in the
defence of natural calamities, or to guard the farm and to operate various equipment
from a certain distance for a farmer. How to help them?

The Agro-Man (Farmers) are trying to inculcate the technology available for
their betterment of quality, quantity and growth. But due to sudden Natural changes
happening day – by – day affects the Farm and the crop. The farmers are facing a lot of
Problems regarding Security, Maintainability and Planning the future of farm according
to the future and nature aspects.

Some of the major issues we found in our research are:

1. To prevent the birds and animals from the Farm which is in the process of growth.
Nowadays, one scarecrow is not enough to distract so many flocks of birds fetching for
food at a time. Which in return spoils the growth of the seeds, damages the crop quality
and sometimes also leads to contribute to the issue of financial crises due to not
delivering the Requirement on time.

2. Once the crop growth is enough, and the crop yields the specific output, the field
goes under the process of separation of freshly grown produce from the farm. The
residuals are then bundled and kept for other use. But due to the photo-absorptive
property,

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 The amount of heat absorbed increases rapidly in hot weather climate. Which
sometimes burn the crop. It creates a huge amount of flames of fire if not handled
properly. This involuntary activity damages the field completely. It also damages the
fertility of the soil which creates a huge loss for a farmer.

3. For the planning of cultivating a crop, the very first survey is done on “Water”.
It includes research such as availability of water, amount of water availability at certain
Climates, etc.

The main basic source of any field is Dam or groundwater. But the water level
of the dam cannot be controlled. It creates a big Natural Calamity. A recent example is
Kerala.

Big amount of loss to Life, Daily Routine, lack of food, money, time and other
natural and human activities. The farmer faces a huge amount of loss as the whole
Efforts, Time and Money is wasted.

Solutions:

 To detect the Motion of Birds/Animals/Intruders at night, Passive Infrared

sensor is been provided in our system.

 To detect the fire due to the imbalance of natural circumstances, a Flame sensor
is been provided in our system.

 View and analyse the status of what precaution has to be maintained for the
preparation of Natural Calamities (e.g. Dam).

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 3.2 Requirement Specification

User Requirements Specification:

Functional Requirements: -

 To connect a farmer’s traditional farm management system with new

technology.
 To prevent the crop from birds and animals which is in the process of growth.
 To prevent the Residuals and extra material from Catching Fire.
 To detect the levels and Predict the future levels of water for further
preparation of farm and day – to –day activities.

Non - Functional Requirements: -

 Performance: The only effort must be done by the user is to install

the appliance designed and the user should sign in into the App.
 The user can also take advantage of working this System offline.
 Every time the user logs in a separate session is established.
 Reliability: The Owner has control over the order as final authority lies with
him/her only.

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3.3 Planning and Scheduling

1. Gantt Chart-

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The model used in this project is The WATERFALL MODEL.

Requirements

Analysis

Designing

Coding

Testing

Implementation

Requirements:

In this phase business analyst will collect the requirements with an interaction of
client and collected requirements will be documented.

Analysis:

In this phase system analyst will study the client requirements and prepare the
system requirement specification.

Designing:

In this phase , design architecture is responsible to decide the architecture of an

application in order to fully, fill the client requirements.

Coding:

In this phase, developers will write the program using programming languages or
scripting languages in order to develop the application.

Testing:

Initially, developers will perform unit testing and integration testing using of white
box testing, after that separate team will be performing system testing using black box
testing.

Implementation:

After the testing client satisfied on work product then we deliver the application to
the customer to use at the live environment.

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 3.4 Software and Hardware Requirement
Software:

For Android Phone,

 User’s android device should support the Android version 4.4 KitKat
(Target SDK)
 Internet connectivity

Android Studio (Windows OS)

 Microsoft Windows 7/8/10 (32-bit or 64-bit)

 2 GB RAM minimum, 8 GB RAM recommended
 2 GB of available disk space minimum, 4 GB Recommended (500 MB for
IDE + 1.5 GB for Android SDK and emulator system image)
 1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution
 JDK 8

Hardware:

 Node MCU ESP8266 2.6

 PIR Sensor
 Flame Sensor
 Water Level Sensor
 Power Supply
 Wires
 Android Phone
 Arduino UNO
 Relay

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System Designs

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4.1 Basic Modules:

Motion-Detector Module –
Motion detection module (PIR SENSOR) The unit output is high whenever a human’s
motion is detected. In simple terms, it is a motion detector. This sensor measures
infrared radiation from sensation objects in the field of view. Apparent motion is
detected when an infrared emitting source with one temperature, such as human body,
passes in front of a source with another temperature, such as the wall.

Block Diagram:

Motion Notification Displayed

Arduino
Detector received through through a
UNO
Sensor NODE-MCU Toast msg

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Flame - Detector Module –

The flame sensor used in this project can detect flame at wavelength 750 nm

• It provides the facility of detecting the flame from distance of 20cm

• The angle of detecting an object is 60-degree

• Sensitivity can be manually adjusted

• Operating voltage provided is 3.3-5V

• A certain distance is maintained, to avoid damage to the device.

Block Diagram:

Fire Notification Displayed

Arduino
Detector received through through a
UNO
Sensor NODE-MCU Toast msg

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Water Level Detection and Prediction Module –
This low-cost Circuit is very useful for the automatic controlling of
water level while filling the container.
As the water layer crosses the level which is predefined, the
corresponding LED glows.
Thus, this circuit can current content of water in the container.

CIRCUIT OPERATION
• This is a simple water level detector circuit that automatically
switches the pump ON or OFF when a pre-set water level is
reached.
•It can be powered by a (3v to 12v) battery. It is very easy to use.
• Once the level of water reaches up to the level of the sensing ultrasonic detectors,
the alarm will beep to indicate it.

Block Diagram:

Level Notification Displayed

Arduino
Detection received through through a
UNO
NODE-MCU “Status Tab”

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 4.2 Embedded/ IOT

4.2.1 Block Diagram –

Buzzer

Relay 1 Buzzer
Smart-Phone

Relay 2 LED 1
NODE
Android

MCU Micro-Controller
Relay 3 LED 2

Relay 4 LED 3

PIR Sensor FIRE Sensor DAM Status

PIR Sensor Tab FIRE Sensor Tab DAM Status Tab

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4.2.2 Data Flow Diagram:

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4.2.3 Class Diagram:

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4.2.4 Use Case Diagram:

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4.2.5 Sequence Diagram

Sequence of Login:

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Sequence of Sensors (PIR and Fire):

Sequence of Dam Level Predictions:

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4.2.6 Activity Diagram

1. Login Activity :

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2. Main Activity Diagram

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3. Motion - Detection Activity Diagram –

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4. Flame - Detection Activity Diagram –

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5. DAM Viewing Activity Diagram –

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4.2.7 Circuit Diagram -

1. Main Circuit Diagram: -

2. Relay Circuit Diagram: -

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3. Motion - Detection Circuit Diagram: -

4. Flame - Detection Circuit Diagram : –

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5. Water level Indicator: –

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 4.2.8 Event Table:

No Event Trigger Activity Source Response Destination

1 User installing App user select user
installs the installation
application
2 User registration Enter details user Type and database
registration submit
3 Admin login Login in Views admin Check the Take severe
admin details action
details
account given by
user
Activating Sensor Sensor user Detects Arduino
4 Motion Activated/Not on/off Motion
Detector Activated
Sensor
Activating Sensor Sensor user Detects Arduino
5 Flame Activated/Not on/off Flame
Detector Activated
Sensor
Dam Level Level Sensor user Detects Arduino
Detection Detected /Not on/off Motion
6 Detected

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4.2.9 Menu Tree -

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4.2.10 Test Cases Design -

As the projects on a bit large scale, weal ways need testing to make it
successful. If each component works properly in all respect and gives desired
output for all kind of inputs, then projects said to be successful. So, the Conclusion is
to make the project successful, it needs to be tested.

The testing done here was System Testing checking whether the user
requirements were satisfied. The code for the new system has been written
completely using JAVA as the coding language and Android Studio as the
interface for front-end designing as then Interface for front-end designing.
The new system has been tested well with the help of the users and all the
applications have been verified from every nook and corner of the user.
Although some applications were found to be erroneous these
applications have been corrected before being implemented. The flow of the
forms have been found to be very much in accordance with the actual flow of
data.

Levels of Testing:
To uncover the errors, present in different phases we have the
the concept of levels of testing. The basic levels of testing are:
Client Needs Acceptance Testing
Requirements System Testing
Design integration Testing
Code Unit Testing
A series of Testing is done for the proposed system before the system
is ready for the user acceptance Testing.

The steps involved in Testing are:

Unit Testing:
Unit Testing focuses verification efforts on the smallest unit of the
software design, the module. This is also known as "Module Testing”. The

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modules are tested separately. This Testing carried out during the programming
stage itself. In this Testing, each module found to be working satisfactorily as
regards to the expected output from the module.
Integration Testing:
Data can be grossed across an interface; one module can have adverse
efforts on another. Integration Testing’s systematic Testing for construction
the program structure while at the same time conducting tests to uncover
errors associated within the interface. The objectives to take unit tested
modules and build a program structure. All the modules are combined and
tested. Here corrections difficult because of the isolation of causes
complicate by the vast expense of the entire program. Thus, in the integration

System Testing:
After integration, the whole program will again be tested. Case studies will again be
applied with integrated software.

The methodology used for testing:

The testing methodology implemented for testing of the project is Black Box
testing. In the black box testing, the internal logic of the system under testing is not
considered and the test cases are decided to form the specification or the requirements.
It is often called functional testing. It aims to test functionality according to the
requirements. Equivalence class portioning, boundary value analysis, and because
effecting graphing are examples of methods for selecting test cases for black box
testing. State-based testing is another approach in which the system is modelled as a
state machine and then this model is used to select test cases using some transaction or
path-based coverage criteria, state-based testing can also be viewed as grey-box testing
in that it often requires more information than just the requirements.
The testing methodology implemented for testing of the project is the black box
testing. Refer to the above paragraph for explanation.
Test Cases:
The forms were tested for their functionality and error messages displayed
wherever the input does not meet the required requirements.

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References/ Bibliography/ Websites Used

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