CH 1 Requirement Gathering and Analysis

Chapter no.
1 Gathering and Analysis Information
CHAPTER 1
Gathering & Analyzing Info
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Chapter no. 1 Gathering and Analysis Information
2. System Analysis :
 Identi fi cati on of needs
 Preliminary Investi gati on
 Feasibility Study
 Project Planning
 Project Scheduling
 Soft ware Requirement Specifi cati on(SRS)
 Data Flow & Diagrams

System Analysis
Identification of needs
Normally in the college hours all the students and faculties

can interact with each other and have more time to solve the
queries and doubts of the students.
But in the reading time or in ongoing vacation the students

can’t interact with their faculties or the faculties can’t know what
work is to be done or is being done by the students to get good
marks in the examination.
To break this communication gap between students and

faculties today’s main need is to develop an Application which
can help both students and faculties to do their job well and
maintain good quality of education in the College.
So in the new internet era this disadvantage can be cured

by making a web Application which will break the communication
gap between students and faculties in ongoing vacations or in
reading time and both can have good sharing of ideas and it will
be helpful to students to understand their lacking fields.

Preliminary Investigation
To start the project the first of all we have to investigate the

primary requirements, feasibility, and resource availability.
There are three major parts in this:
 Request Clarification.
 Feasibility study
 Request Approval.
Request Clarifi cati on:
College Portal is a web Application which will fulfill all the

basic needs of students of studying and guidance of faculties in to
reading time or in vacations.
This thing is fully feasible and functional and can be

implemented in the real world application.
In this there are lots of benefits are to Students and also to

the college faculties. Now all the competitive examination are taken
online so this website is useful to students.
Feasibility Studies :

The important aspect of the preliminary investigation is the

determination that the system requirement is feasible or not.
For this there are following main three aspects of preliminary

investigation.
1. Technical Feasibility
2. Economic Feasibility
3. Operational Feasibility
4. 1. Technical Feasibility :
This is section to find out can the work of the project be done with
the current equipments, existing software, technology, and
available time period.
In the case College Portal Web Application, the work is done is in

PHP and it’s totally feasible in technical department. For this we
need only one laptop and p4 computer and Internet connection.
Which is available in almost all institute and students can use this
website by visiting Cyber cafe.

5. 2. Economic Feasibility :
This is fully feasible aspect because it doesn’t cost much to
institute. Because it requires very small space to upload the
web application and it does not difficult for any organization
to bear this expense. Here any college can spare one
computer in library so the students can also visit the
COLLEGE PORTAL and can post their queries or blog on the
website.
During vacation student can visit to the Cyber Café to ask

the queries and to find the solution of their queries. Now in
every city and village Cyber Café is easily available. So no
more resource is required from the student side to visit the
COLLEGE PORTAL .
6. 3. Operati onal Feasibility :
As the COLLEGE PORTAL web application is very useful to

the students as they can solve their doubts in vacation and
during reading time they must co-operate this project.
With the help of COLLEGE PORTAL result of college can be

improved. Here faculties can share their knowledge with
students and able to convey their message to students in
reading time and vacation . This will clearly make the best
impact on the quality of education in the college campus.

It will not generate any kind of resistance from anybody

working currently in the system .
Project Planning & Scheduling
Project planning establishes a plan for the software engineering work

that follows. It describes the technical tasks to be conducted, the risks that
are likely, the resources that will be required, the work product to be
produces, and a work schedule.
Project scheduling is an activity that distributes estimated effort across

the planned project duration by allocating the effort to specific software
engineering tasks. It is important to note, however, that the schedule
evolves overtime. During early stages of project planning, a macroscopic
schedule is developed. This type of schedule identifies all software
framework activities and the product functions to which they are applied. As
the project gets under way, each entry on the macroscopic schedule is
refined into a detailed schedule. Here, specific software tasks ( required to
accomplish an activity) are identified and scheduled.
Project Development Approach
engineer or a team of engineers must incorporate a development

strategy that To solve actual problems in an industry setting, software
encompasses the process, methods and tools layers and generic phase. This
strategy is often referred to as process model or a software engineering
paradigm. A process model for software engineering is often chosen based
on the nature of the project and application, the methods and tools to be
used, and the controls and deliverables that required.
To solve actual problems in an industry setting, a software engineer or

a team of engineers must incorporate a development strategy that
encompass the process, methods, and tool layers.
Types of Software Process Models:
1. The Linear sequential Model ( Waterfall Model)

2. The Prototyping Model
3. The Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model
4. The Incremental Model
5. The Spiral Model
6. The WINWIN Spiral Model
7. The Concurrent Development Model
8. The Formal Methods Model
9. The Component Based Developed Model
Note:- Our software is based on Incremental Software

Process model.

THE INCREMENTAL MODEL
sequential model with the iterative philosophy of prototyping. The

incremental model applies in a staged fashion as calendar time progresses.
Each linear sequence produces a deliverable “increment” of the software. For
example, word processing software The incremental model combines
elements of the linear developed using the incremental paradigm might
deliver basic file management, editing and document production functions in
the first increment; more sophisticated editing and document production
capabilities in the second increment; spelling and grammar checking in the
third increment; and advanced page layout capability in the fourth
increment.
It should be noted that the process flow for any increment could
incorporate the prototyping paradigm.

System/Informati
Increment 1
on Engineering
Delivery
Analysi Design Code Test
s of 1st
incremen
Increment 2 t
Delivery
Analysi Design Code Test
s of 2nd
incremen
Increment 3 t
Delivery
Analys Design Code Test
of 3rd
is
incremen
Increment 4 t
Delivery
Analys Design Code Test
of 4th
is
incremen
t
Calendar
Time

When an incremental model is used, the first increment is often a

core product. This is, basic requirements are addressed, but many
supplementary features remain undelivered. The core product is used by
the customer. As a result of use and/or evaluation, a plan is developed
for the next increment. The plan addresses the modification of the core
product to better meet the needs of the customer and the delivery of
additional features and functionality. This process is repeated following
the delivery of each increment, until the complete product is produced.
The incremental process model, like prototyping and other evolution

approaches, is iterative in nature. But unlike prototyping, the incremental
model focuses on the delivery of an operational product with each
increment. Early increments are stripped down versions of the final
product, but they do provide capability that serves the user and also
provide a platform for evaluation by the user.

The figure shows the planning of the project. All modules

with their estimated time required and work of the modules are
shown below.
Module Name Esti mated Time
Preliminary investigation 10 days

Analysis 15 days
Designing 30 days
Coding with Testing 30 days
Implementation and
15 days
Testing
Documentation 10 days
Above table shows all the details of the time taken by each
module to get into action.
In preliminary investigation stage identifying project’s aims

and objectives are main function. Here we understand the
requirements and specifications. We check the feasibility of the
system.
Soft ware Requirement Specifi cati on (SRS)

Requirement describe the “What” of a system. The

objectives which are to be achieved in Software process
development are the requirements. In the requirements analysis
phase, the requirements are properly defined and noted down.
The output of this phase is SRS (Software Requirements
Specification) document written in natural language.
We discuss with many students and faculties about their

requirements. We have taken interview of faculties and students
to identify their expectation from this web application and try to
understand their requirements. We have also prepared few
simple questions in the form questionnaire. It is an effective tool
which requires less effort and produces a written document
about requirements. It examines a large number of respondents
simultaneously and gets customized answers. It gives person
sufficient time to answer the queries and give correct answers.
After discussing with the students we have classified the

requirement in the following three types:
a. Those that should be absolutely met.

b. Those that are highly desirable but not necessary.
c. Those that are possible but could be eliminated.
The following are the basic functions that can different user
of this web site can perform using this website.
For Staff :
 Here administrator of the site can add the details of staff.

 Staff member of the college can edit their profile. But he
cannot add the profile of other staff member.
 He can keep his profile on the website and can update their
profile time by time.
 Faculty can answer the query of students and also give the
message or new information to students through blogs.
 Faculty can submit online assignment to the students.
 Faculty can conduct the online examination of the student
and also he can analyse the result of the students.
 When faculty joint the college username and password are
given to faculty by the administrator.
For Student :
 Username and password is provided to student by the

administrator of the website.
 Student can change their password detail and profile.
 Student cannot change the details of other students.

 Student can appear for online examination here can

aloes choose the subject for which he want to appear.
Student can also ask his queries to faculty.
 When student login, any new assignment or blog detail
are displayed to students.
 Student can reply to the blog and also the statistic are
displayed. How many students has visited to the web
site and how many has replied to the blogs.
For Exam Questi ons:
o Faculty can add the new question of their subject and also
he can edit the question paper and answer.
o Student can appear for online examination of the subject
he wants.
o When examination over results are displayed on the screen
and number of question he answered and correct answer
are displayed on the screen.
o Faculty can check the result of their subject student wise.
For Logging Informati on :
o The logging information of faculty and students are

maintained in the website.
o Student can view the log details but he cannot clear the log
detail. Even staff member cannot clear the log detail.
o Only administrator can clear the detail when he wishes.
For Exam Results:
o The results of student can be stored on the website.

o This will help the faculties to know the progress of the
particular student and can pay personal attention to all the
students .
For Assignment Details:
 It will allows faculties to gave online assignments to

students and also have big advantage of online exam
Evolution.
 This will help the student to get the most important
question of their subjects.
For Blog Details:
 This will help both the side to interchange information

on the college portal.
 It’s used to store the blog details which is generated
by either of the two entities of the system.

For Student Query:
 It will store the details of the queries which are asked

by students to faculties.
 This will help the student to get more guidance of

faculty on the needed part of subject.
Analysis
Understanding the requirements is among the most difficult tasks that

face a software engineer.
As far as college portal is concern, I had studied various projects

related to administration. We also studied projects previously developed in
our college. We analyze near about 300 questionnaire about the
requirement of the students and after analysis of the requirement of
students we discuss with the faculty and design the COLLEGE PORTAL
application.

1.6.1.3 Use Case & usage scenarios:
Use Case Scenarios:

Use Case: 1 Login user
Actor Administrator/User
Preconditions 1. System must be connected with the backend system.

2. User should enter his name and Password.
3. System must be inquired his Admin level.
4. All mandatory fields should be filled appropriately.
Post conditions 1. System should be loaded main class according to his level.
2. Login system close and control shifted to main.
Main Successful User enters correct name and password.

scenario
System integrates with Backend system successfully and provided information is
match with existed information.
Main system is open correctly.
Extension Message on correct information.

(Alternative
Flow)
Use Case: 2 Add staff

Actor Administrator

2. admin should correctly add new staff by entering user name, password,
working level.
3. Must have a unique Name, Password and Working level.
4. User must not add first.
5. All mandatory fields should be filled appropriately.
Post conditions 1. A verification message is displayed.
Main Successful If the user enters name, password and working level. Now new staff successfully
scenario added.
Extension 1. Message on correct information.

(Alternative
Flow) 2. If any field is blank or incorrectly filled show error message.
Use Case 3: Edit admin

Actor Administrator

2. admin must open required user form for editing.
Post conditions 1. Now all user information is saved

2. User information is edited
3. Now user information form is also updated
Main Successful User selects the “User ID” by double clicking on the user id whose information to be
scenario edited from the user view, then enter the new information and then click on “Update”
button. User information is successfully edited.

(Alternative

Flow) 2. If wrong data is entered then show error message.
Use Case 4: Register student

Actor Administrator

2. User must be logged in to the system.
3. User must have all the information about the student.
Post conditions 1. Now student can be registered successfully.

2. It is necessary for student to fulfill all the requirements.
Main Successful User can select the “student Registration” option from the “Registration” menu and
scenario enter info. Then presses the “Save” button to register student.
Extension
(Alternative
Flow) 1. If all info. Is correct then proceed further to register new student otherwise
enter the info. Correctly.
Use Case 6: Delete student

Actor Administrator

2. User must open required view of student form.
3. User must select student who is to be deleted.
Main Successful User selects the “student ID” by double clicking on the student id whose information
scenario to be deleted from the student view, then click on “Delete” button. student
information is successfully deleted.
Extension 1. Message on deletion.

(Alternative 2. If data is not deleted then show error message
Flow)

Use Case 10: Edit assignment

Actor Administrator

2. User must open required courses form for editing.
Post conditions a. Now all Courses information is saved

b. Courses information is edited
c. Now Courses information form is also updated
Main Successful User selects the “Course ID” by clicking on the Course id whose information to be
scenario edited from the Courses view, then enter the new information and then click on
“Update” button. Course information is successfully edited.

(Alternative
Flow) 2. If wrong data is entered then show error message
Use Case 11: Delete staff

Actor Administrator

2. User must open required view of courses form.
3. User must select course that is to be deleted.
Main Successful User selects the “staff ID” by clicking on the staff id whose information to be deleted
scenario from the staff view, then click on “Delete” button. Course information is successfully
deleted.
Extension 1. Message on deletion.

(Alternative
Flow) 2. If data is not deleted then show error message


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Chapter no.

1 Gathering and Analysis Information

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Normally in the college hours all the students and faculties

But in the reading time or in ongoing vacation the students

To break this communication gap between students and

So in the new internet era this disadvantage can be cured

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

To start the project the first of all we have to investigate the

There are three major parts in this:

Request Clarifi cati on:

College Portal is a web Application which will fulfill all the

This thing is fully feasible and functional and can be

In this there are lots of benefits are to Students and also to

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

The important aspect of the preliminary investigation is the

For this there are following main three aspects of preliminary

In the case College Portal Web Application, the work is done is in

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

During vacation student can visit to the Cyber Café to ask

6. 3. Operati onal Feasibility :

As the COLLEGE PORTAL web application is very useful to

With the help of COLLEGE PORTAL result of college can be

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

It will not generate any kind of resistance from anybody

Project Planning & Scheduling

Project planning establishes a plan for the software engineering work

Project scheduling is an activity that distributes estimated effort across

Project Development Approach

engineer or a team of engineers must incorporate a development

To solve actual problems in an industry setting, a software engineer or

Types of Software Process Models:

1. The Linear sequential Model ( Waterfall Model)

Note:- Our software is based on Incremental Software

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

THE INCREMENTAL MODEL

sequential model with the iterative philosophy of prototyping. The

incorporate the prototyping paradigm.

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

When an incremental model is used, the first increment is often a

The incremental process model, like prototyping and other evolution

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

The figure shows the planning of the project. All modules

Module Name Esti mated Time

Preliminary investigation 10 days

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Coding with Testing 30 days

In preliminary investigation stage identifying project’s aims

Soft ware Requirement Specifi cati on (SRS)

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Requirement describe the “What” of a system. The

We discuss with many students and faculties about their

After discussing with the students we have classified the

a. Those that should be absolutely met.

c. Those that are possible but could be eliminated.

 Here administrator of the site can add the details of staff.

 Username and password is provided to student by the

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

 Student can appear for online examination here can

For Exam Questi ons:

For Logging Informati on :