Chapter 2 Objectives

Discuss how the Internet works Define Webcasting

Understand ways to access Describe the uses of electronic

the Internet commerce (e-commerce)

Identify the tools required

Chapter 2 Identify a URL
for Web publishing

The Internet and Search for information Explain how e-mail, FTP,
World Wide Web on the Web newsgroups and message
boards, mailing lists, chat rooms
and instant messaging work
Describe the types
of Web pages
Identify the rules of netiquette
Recognize how Web pages use
Next graphics, animation, audio,
p. 2.2 video, and virtual reality

The Internet History of the Internet

What are some services
found on the Internet? How did the Internet originate?
(1)
(4) ARPANET
(3) Networking project
by Pentagon’s
Advanced Research
(2) Goal: Projects Agency
(5) (6) To allow
scientists at
(ARPA) Became
functional
different September
locations to share 1969
information Goal:
‰ e-mail (1) ‰ chat (4) To function if
Next
‰ Web (2) ‰ message board (5) Next
part of network
were disabled
p. 2.2 Fig. 2-1 ‰ file transfer (3) ‰ instant messaging (6) p. 2.3

History of the Internet History of the Internet

Who provides the Internet’s structure today? How has the Internet grown?
Today
Networks from Telephone More than 100 million host nodes
Cable
corporations, companies companies
commercial
firms, and other
companies
1984
More than 1,000 host nodes

Satellite Government
companies 1969
Next Next Four host nodes
p. 2.4 p. 2.4

1
 How the Internet
History of the Internet
Works
Who controls the Internet? What are ways to access the Internet?
• Nobody; it is public, cooperative, and an 1 Regional
independent network ISP

• Several organizations set standards 2 National

ISP
3 OSP
(Ex. AOL)

World Wide Web Consortium Internet2 (I2) 4 Wireless

Internet
(W3C) • Internet-related research
1 2
• Oversees research, sets and development project
Service 3 local 4
Provider
standards and guidelines call
• Develops and tests local
advanced Internet call
• Tim Berners-Lee, director
Next
technologies Next
p. 2.4 p. 2.5 Fig. 2-2
long-distance local toll-free local
call call call call

How the Internet How the Internet

Works Works
How can you connect to the Internet? What are three parts of an Internet connection?

Very high-speed connection

Backbone
Digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable modem Client Server

Dial-up access
Next Next
p. 2.6 p. 2.6

How the Internet How the Internet

Works Works
1: Request data from the
a server on Internet.
What is an Internet protocol (IP) address?
Regional
2: Modem converts digital Step 3 ISP • Number that uniquely identifies each computer or
to analog signals.
3: Data travels through Step 1
Step 5 device connected to Internet
telephone lines to a Step 2 Step 4
local ISP.
4: Data passes
through routers.
National IP address 199.95.72.10
ISP
5: Regional ISP uses last part
leased lines to send
first part
identifies
data to a national ISP. Step 6 identifies
Local ISP specific
6: National ISP routes Internet
network
computer
data across the backbone
country. Step 8
7: National ISP passes
Next
data to local ISP. Step 7 Next
p. 2.7 Fig. 2-3
8: Server sends p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4
National ISP
data back to you.

2
 How the Internet
The World Wide Web
Works
What is a domain name? What is the World Wide Web (WWW) ?
• Text version of IP address • A worldwide collection of electronic documents
• Also called the Web
• Each document is called a Web page
IP address 199.95.72.10 • Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other
Domain name scsite.com Web pages
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

Next Next
p. 2.8 Fig. 2-4 p. 2.9

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

How can you establish a connection and start the
What is a Web browser? Web browser? Step 1
™ Program that
allows you to Step 2
1:Click the Web
view Web browser
pages program name
Web
browser
• Netscape 2: If necessary, program
• Internet connect to name
Explorer Internet
3: Connection to the
Internet occurs
and a home page
displays
Next Next
p. 2.9 Fig. 2-6 p. 2.10 Fig. 2-7 Step 3

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

How do handheld computers and cellular telephones
access the Web? What is a hyperlink?
• Must be Web- Microbrowser for a • Text or graphic that
Web-enabled
enabled cellular telephone
displays a related
• Uses a Web page
microbrowser that • Also called a link
displays Web
pages that contain
mostly text

Next Microbrowser for a Web- Next

p. 2.11 Fig. 2-8 p. 2.12
enabled handheld computer

3
 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web
How can you identify a hyperlink (link) on a How do you recognize links?
1. Some links
Web page? display a
different color
™ Mouse pointer changes when you point
to a small hand when you to them
2. Some links
point to a link are underlined
™ Click the link to display 3. Some links
are graphical
the associated Web page images
1. link
™ Link can be a word, 2. link
phrase, or image

3. link
Next Next
p. 2.12 mouse pointer changes to p. 2.12 Fig. 2-9

small hand

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

What can links display? What is a URL?
• Item found elsewhere on same Web page • Unique address for Web page located on Web server
• Different Web page at same Web site protocol domain name path

• Web page at a different Web site

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/index.html

Next
Next
p. 2.12
p. 2.13 Fig. 2-10

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

What is a search engine?
• Program used to find Web pages pertaining to What is a hit?
• Any Web page name that
a specific topic lists as the result of a search
97 hits

Search text Spider Google search

Word or phrase Program used by engine
entered in search search engines to find
engine’s text box Web pages that hit
contain search text
Also called a
keyword Also called a crawler
Next or bot Next
p. 2.14 p. 2.14 Fig. 2-11

4
 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web
organized topics
What are some What is a directory? from which you
select
widely used search • Search tool with
engines? organized set of
topics and
subtopics
• Lets you find
information by
clicking links
rather than
entering
keywords
Next Next
p. 2.15 Fig. 2-12 p. 2.15 Fig. 2-13

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

What are the six basic types of Web pages? What is a portal Web page?
Yahoo! is
• Offers a a portal
variety of
Advocacy Business/ Informational Internet
marketing services from
a single,
convenient
location
• Often called a
News Portal Personal portal
Next Next
p. 2.16 p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14a

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

ESPN.com
What is a news Web page? is a sports
What is an informational Web page?
• Contains news page
• Contains facts
newsworthy
material • Created by
• Stories and organizations
articles and
relating to governments
current
events, life,
money,
sports, and
weather
Next Next
p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14b p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14c

5
 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web
What is a business/marketing Web page? What is an advocacy Web page?
• Contains • Contains
content that content that
promotes describes a
products cause,
opinion, or
• Allows idea
you to
purchase
products
online
Next Next
p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14d p. 2.16 Fig. 2-14e

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

What is a personal Web page? What services are often found on a portal?
• Web page
Search
maintained by engine
E-mail
private Sports and
Stock
Newsgroups
weather
individual Local , quotes or message
national, and Instant boards
• Reasons: worldwide messaging
sharing life news
Reference
experience tools
Maps
with the world Free Chat rooms
personal Calendars
Web pages Shopping
malls and
auctions
Next Next
p. 2.17 Fig. 2-14f p. 2.17

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

What is a Web community? What is multimedia?
• Web site joining specific group of people • Application integrating text with other media
with similar interests or relationships elements
• Often used on Web pages to add appeal

Virtual
reality
Newsgroup
or message Audio Animation
board E-mail Online
photo Chat
Next
p. 2.17
albums room
Next
p. 2.18
Graphics Video

6
 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web
What are graphic file formats? What is a thumbnail?

• Small version of
a larger graphical
image
• Usually click
thumbnail on
Web page to
display full-sized
image
full-sized
Next Next
image
p. 2.18 Fig. 2-16 p. 2.19 Fig. 2-17

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

What is animation? What is audio?
• Appearance of motion • Music, speech, or any other sound
created by displaying a
• Individual sound files that you download to
series of still images in
your computer
rapid sequence

Next Next
p. 2.19 p. 2.20

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

What are MP3 files? What is streaming audio?

MP 3 player
• Compresses audio plays music
• Enables you to listen to
to one-tenth of stored on CD the sound as it RealAudio
original size while downloads to your
preserving quality computer
of sound • Radio stations use
streaming audio to
• Allows for transfer broadcast over the Web
of music over Web
RealAudio
link
MP 3 player
Next plays music Next radio station
p. 2.20 Fig. 2-18 stored on p. 2.21 Fig. 2-19 Web page
clik! disk

7
 The World Wide Web The World Wide Web
What is video? What is a Web cam?
• Consists of full-
streaming video • Combined video
motion images with camera and
sound played back software that
at various speeds outputs video to a
• MPEG is popular Web page
video compression
standard

Web cam
Next Next
video display
p. 2.22 Fig. 2-20 p. 2.22

The World Wide Web The World Wide Web

What is virtual reality (VR)? What is Webcasting?
• Use of computers to simulate real or imagined
environment • Delivers information via the Web at regular intervals
without user making a request
• Used for
games and • Also called push technology
many
practical
applications
real-time
sporting event
scores pushed
to desktop from
SportsLine.com
Web site
Next Next
p. 2.22 Fig. 2-21 p. 2.23

Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce

shopping
at Target
What is e-commerce? in the
What are the three types of e-commerce?
• Financial Target comfort of Business to consumer
Web site home (B-to-C or B2C)
business
Sale of goods to general public
transaction
that occurs
Consumer to consumer
over an (C-to-C or C2C)
electronic
One consumer sells directly to another
network
such as the Business to business
Internet (B-to-B or B2B)
Next Next Businesses providing goods and services
p. 2.24 Fig. 2-23 p. 2.25
to other businesses

8
 Electronic Commerce Web Publishing
Step 1
Step 2

What are e-commerce features? What is Web publishing?

• Electronic storefront • Development and
maintenance of Web pages
• Shopping cart Step 3

• Online auction 1 Plan

2 Analyze and design Step 4

3 Create the Web site

4 Deploy the Web site

5 Maintain the Web site

Step 5

Next Next
p. 2.25 p. 2.26 Fig. 2-24

Other Internet
Web Publishing
Services
How do you deploy a Web site? What is an e-mail address?
• Combination of user name and domain name
that identifies user so he or she can receive e-
mail
User name or user-ID at Domain name
Locate Web
A unique combination of Identifies the mail server
server to store Upload, or characters that identifies you
your site copy, site to
Web server

Next Next
p. 2.29 p. 2.31 Fig. 2-27

Other Internet
Other Internet Services
Services
How can you get e-mail? How does an e-
• Obtain e-mail address from school or ISP mail message Step 1
travel?
• Some Web sites, such as hotmail.com, provide 1 Create & send message
e-mail services free of charge 2 Your software contacts
ISP mail server Step 2
Step 5
• Basic components include: 3 Mail server determines
best route
Address Book Mail Server 4 Mail server transfers
message to POP3 server mail
Step 4
Allows you to store list of Server that contains 5 When e-mail software
server
names and e-mail addresses mailboxes checks for e-mail
messages, message Internet
Mailbox transfers from POP3 routers
server to recipient’s
POP3
POP
Storage location usually computer
Next Next mail server
residing on computer that
p. 2.31 p. 2.32 Fig. 2-28 Step 3 server
connects you to Internet

9
 Other Internet
Other Internet Services
Services
What is FTP? What is a newsgroup?
• File Transfer
Protocol • Online area where users conduct written
discussions about particular subject
• Internet
standard that • User sends message to newsgroup
allows you to • Other users in newsgroup read and reply to
upload and message
download
files with file
download
other Usenet
computers
dialog News server
box Entire collection of
Next
on Internet Next
Internet newsgroups Computer that stores
and distributes
p. 2.33 Fig. 2-29 p. 2.33
newsgroup messages

Other Internet Other Internet

Services Services
What is a message board? What is a chat?
• Type of discussion group that does not require • Real-time
newsreader conversation that
• Also called a takes place on a
discussion board computer
• Chat room is
location on server
that permits users
to discuss topics
of interest

Next Next
p. 2.34 Fig. 2-30 link to message about p. 2.35 Fig. 2-32

financial issues

Other Internet
Netiquette
Services
What is instant messaging (IM)? What is
• A real-time netiquette?
Internet
• Code of
communications Golden Rule:
acceptable
service
behaviors users Treat others as
should follow you would like
Marianne’s message
immediately displays on while on the them to treat you.
Jeff’s computer screen
because she is online Internet

message sent from Marianne to

Next Jeff Next
p. 2.36 Fig. 2-33 p. 2.37 Fig. 2-34
Jeff’s response to Marianne

10
 Summary of the
Internet and World
Wide Web
• History of the Internet
• How the Internet works
• The World Wide Web
• Electronic commerce
• Web publishing
• Other Internet services
• Netiquette
Chapter 2 Complete

11