R. N. G.

PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE,

BARDOLI
Department of Electrical Engineering
COURSE PLANNER

Subject:Energy Conservation and Audit (2180910)

B.E. – Fourth year [Eight Semester]

Branch /Class–Electrical 2015
Term: 18/2 (DEC-18 to APRIL-19)

Faculty:(1) Prof. C.D.DESAI (2)Prof. S. H. JOSHI

Contents:
1. Course Outcomes
2. Course Contents [Syllabus]
3. List of Reference Books
4. List of Experiments
5. Major Equipments required for Experiments
6. List of open sourse software andlearning websites required for experiments
7. Active Learning Assignments and Tutorial

Instructions for Assignment/Tutorial:

[1] This set of Assignment-Tutorial consists questions of collection of past GTU Question
papers.
[2] Attempt those questions which are bold marked and/or frequently asked in GTU Exam.
[3] Students should maintain Separate Files Chapter wise [Write on File Pages] to solve
these Questions.
[4] Student must solve these given set of Assignments by themselves only.
[5] Assessment of given assignment should be done regularly after completion of each
chapter by Students from the respective batch wise laboratory faculty members.
 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ENERGY CONSERVATION AND AUDIT

SUBJECT CODE: 2180910

B.E. 8thSEMESTER

Course Outcomes
After learning the course the students should be able to,

1. Understand the basic concepts and objectives of Energy Audit and Energy
Management.
2. Identify and assess the energy conservation/saving opportunities in different
electric system
3. Identify and assess energy conservation opportunities in thermal system
4. Demonstrate skills required for energy audit and management.
5. Prepare energy flow diagrams
6. Prepare energy audit report
7. Suggest cost-effective measures towards improving energy efficient and energy
conservation.

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 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI

Course Contents [Syllabus]

Subject Name:ENERGY CONSERVATION AND AUDIT
Subject Code:2180910

Type of course: Engineering Science (Electrical)

Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Courses like Power Systems, Electrical Machines, Applied thermal and
hydraulic engineering etc.
Rationale: The course provides basic understanding of energy audit and management. The consumption of
energy is increasing day by day. One way to cope up with the increase in energy demand is to increase the
production of energy which demands more investment and the other way is to conserve the energy as energy
conserved/saved is twice the energy generated. Energy conservation means reduction in energy consumption
but not compromising with the quality or quantity of energy production. Essential theoretical and practical
knowledge about the concept of energy conservation, energy management, different approaches of energy
conservation in industries, economic aspects of energy conservation project and energy audit and measuring
instruments in commercial and industrial sector will be achieved through this course.
Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Sr. Total
Content % Wtg.
No. Hrs.
1. Energy Audit Methodology and recent trends.
General Philosophy, need of Energy Audit and Management, EC Act,
Definition
and Objective of Energy Management, General Principles of Energy
Management. Energy Management Skills, Energy Management Strategy.
Economics of implementation of energy optimization projects, it’s
constraints,barriers and limitations, Financial Analysis: Simple Payback,
IRR, NPV, Discounted Cashflow; Report-writing, preparations and
11 25-30%
presentations of energy audit reports, Post
monitoring of energy conservation projects, MIS, Case-studies / Report
studies of Energy Audits. Guidelines for writing energy audit report, data
presentation in report, findings recommendations, impact of renewable
energy on energy audit recommendations. Instruments for Audit and
Monitoring Energy and Energy Savings, Types and Accuracy. Case studies
of implemented energy cost optimization projects in electrical utilities as well
as thermal utilities.

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 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI
2. Electrical Distribution and Utilization: Electrical Systems, Transformers
loss reductions, parallel operations, T & D losses, P.F. improvements,
Demand Side management (DSM), Load Management, Harmonics & its
improvements, Energy efficient motors and Soft starters, Automatic power
factor Controllers, Variable speed drivers, Electronic Lighting ballasts for 11 25-30%
Lighting, LED Lighting, Trends and Approaches. Study of 4 to 6 cases of
Electrical Energy audit and management (Power factor improvement,
Electric motors, Fans and blowers, Cooling Towers, Industrial/Commercial
Lighting system, etc.)
3. Thermal Systems :Boilers- performance evaluation, Loss analysis, Water
treatment and its impact on boiler losses, integration of different systems in
boiler operation. Advances in boiler technologies, FBC and PFBC boilers,
Heat
recovery Boilers- it’s limitations and constraints. Furnaces- Types and
classifications, applications, economics and quality aspects, heat
distributions, 10 20-25%
draft controls, waste heat recovering options, Furnaces refractory- types and
sections. Thermic Fluid heaters, need and applications, Heat recovery and its
limitations. Insulators- Hot and Cold applications, Economic thickness of
insulation, Heat saving and application criteria. Steam Utilization Properties,
steam distribution and losses, steam trapping, Condensate, Flash steam
recovery.
4. System Audit of Mechanical Utilities: Pumps, types and application, unit’s
assessment, improvement option, parallel and series operating pump
performance. Energy Saving in Pumps & Pumping Systems. Bloomers
(Blowers) types & application, its performance assessment, series & parallel
operation applications & advantages. Energy Saving in Blowers
Compressors,
types & applications, specific power consumption, compressed air system,&
economic of system changes. Energy Saving in Compressors & Compressed
10 20-25%
Air
Systems Cooling towers, its types and performance assessment & limitations,
water loss in cooling tower. Energy Saving in Cooling Towers .Study of 4 to
6
cases of Energy Audit & Management in Industries (Boilers, Steam System,
Furnaces, Insulation and Refractory, Refrigeration and Air conditioning,
Cogeneration, Waste Heat recovery etc.)Study of Energy Audit reports for
various Industries and Organizations

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI

Reference Books:

1. Energy Audit and Management, Volume-I, IECC Press

2. Energy Efficiency in Electrical Systems, Volume-II, IECC Press

3. Energy Management: W.R.Murphy, G.Mckay, Butterworths Scientific

4. Energy Management Principles, C.B.Smith, Pergamon Press

5. Industrial Energy Conservation, D.A. Reay, Pergammon Press

6. Energy Management Handbook, W.C. Turner, John Wiley and Sons, A Wiley Interscience

7. Industrial Energy Management and Utilization, L.C. Witte, P.S. Schmidt, D.R. Brown, Hemisphere

Publication, Washington, 1988

8. Hand Book of Energy Audits, Albert Thumann, P.E., C.E.M. William J. Younger, C.E.M., CRC

Press

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 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI

List of Experiments

SR.NO. LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. To Study Energy Audit And Energy Management.

To Study Various Measuring Instruments Used For Energy Audit : Power Analyzer,
2. Flue Gas Analyzer Lux Meter etc.

To Study And Perform APFC Panel For Pf Correction Using Capacitor And Study
3.
Of Estimation Of Capacitance For Pf Correction..

4. To Prepare A Sample Energy Audit Questionnaire

To Study And Perform VFD Utility For Energy Conservation And To Study The
5.
Computation Of Efficiency Of Electric Motors : Dc Motor/Induction Motor

6. To Study Efficiency In Distribution Systems And To Do Bill Analysis

To Study The Calculation Of efficiency Of Blowers,Compressors And Pump

7.
Systems And Enlist Energy Conservation Opportunities For The Same.

To Study The Calculation Of The Efficiency In Boilers And Enlist Energy

8.
Conservation Opportunities For The Same.

9. To Prepare A Technical Report On Energy Conservation Act 2003

10. To Study Various Recent Energy Efficient Technology

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 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI

 Major Equipments

1. Lux Meter
2. Power Meter
3. Thermometer (Contact / Non-contact type)
4. Tachometer (Contact/ Non-contact type)
5. Pressure Gauges,
6. Multimeter
7. Ammeter (AC / DC)
8. Voltmeter (AC / DC) Mandatory
9. Power Factor meter
10.Tong Tester
11.Earth Tester
12. Energy meter
13.Tri-vector meter
14.Stroboscope

 List of Open Source Software/learning website:

https://beeindia.gov.in
www.aipnc.ac.in
http://nptel.ac.in
https://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/energy_conservation

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 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI

 ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS: Preparation of power-point slides, which include videos,

animations, pictures, graphics for better understanding theory and practical work – The faculty will
allocatechapters/ parts of chapters to groups of students so that the entire syllabus gets covered. The power-
pointslides should be put up on the web-site of the College/ Institute, along with the names of the students
of thegroup, the name of the faculty, Department and College on the first slide. The best three works should
besubmitted to GTU.

Energy Audit Methodology and recent trends:

General Philosophy, need of Energy Audit and Management, EC Act, Definition
and Objective of Energy Management, General Principles of Energy
Management. Energy Management Skills, Energy Management Strategy.
Economics of implementation of energy optimization projects, it’s constraints,
barriers and limitations, Financial Analysis: Simple Payback, IRR, NPV,
UNIT-1 Discounted Cashflow;Report-writing, preparations and presentations of energy audit
reports, Postmonitoring of energy conservation projects, MIS, Case-studies / Report
studiesof Energy Audits. Guidelines for writing energy audit report, data
presentationin report, findings recommendations, impact of renewable energy on
energyaudit recommendations. Instruments for Audit and Monitoring Energy
andEnergy Savings, Types and Accuracy. Case studies of implemented energy
costoptimization projects in electrical utilities as well as thermal utilities.
ATTEMPT BOLD QUESTIONS:
Sr.No. QUESTION YEAR MARKS

Define Energy Management. What is the objective/need of Energy

1. Nov-17 03
Management
NOV-18
Define the term ‘Energy Management’ with its objective.
2. List out important attributes of energy audit report writing. Nov-17 03

3. Define Energy Audit. What is the objective/need of Energy 04

Audit.
4. Discuss the types of Energy Audit Nov-17 04
Enlist and narrate Energy Management Principles
5. Or Define Energy management. State the basic principles and 07
benefits of energy management

6. Explain general principles of Energy Management and Skills 07

required for Energy Management. May -17
What are the skills required for Energy Management?
Describe methodology of detailed Energy Audit.
7. May-17 07
Write need of Energy Audit and explain Detailed Energy
NOV-18
Audit.
8. Discuss in brief Energy conservation Act 2001 and its salient 07
features
9. What do you mean by ‘Energy audit’? Discuss types of energy audit 07
briefly.

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 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI
Explain in brief the following:
(i) Renewable and nonrenewable energy.
10. (ii) Commercial and Noncommercial energy 07
(iii) Low grade and High grade energy
(iv) Energy security
What do you mean by Pay back period?
A co-generation plant installation is expected to reduce a company’s
11. annual energy bill by Rs.24 lakhs. If the capital cost of the new 07
cogeneration installation is Rs.90 lakhs and the annual maintenance
and operating costs are Rs. 6 lakhs, What will be the expected pay
back period for the project?
12. What is Energy Security? Discuss ‘Indian Energy scenario.’ 07
Using the net present value method, evaluate the financial merits of
two proposed projects shown in table. The annual rate is 8 % for
each project.
Capital cost Year Project 1 Project 2
30000 30000
Net amount Net amount
Saving Amt(Rs.) Saving amount(Rs.)

1 +6600 +6000
2 +6600 +6000
13. 3 +6300 +6000 07
4 +6300 +6000
5 +6000 +6000
6 +6000 +6000
7 +5700 +6000
8 +5700 +6000
9 +5400 +6000
10 +5400 +6000

Total net saving at end of tenth year +60000 +60000

14. Discuss the format of Energy Audit Report writing considering 07

suitable aspects
List various Energy Audit Instruments and explain any two.
15. Explain various instruments used for energy audit and May-17
07
NOV-18
monitoring of energy saving.
16. Explain constraints, barriers and limitations of implementation of 07
energy optimization projects
A three phase induction 75 kW motor operates at 55 kW. The
17. measuredvoltage is 415 V, Current 80 A. Calculate the power factor 04
of the motor.
Why energy conservation act is framed? Explain the words
18. ‘standards and labeling’, ‘Designated consumers’ and ‘BEE’ with 07
respect to this act.
19. What is energy security and what is Indian government strategy 07
for future to meet energy security
20. Classify the energy audit & Explain the three phases of detailed 07
energy audit.

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 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI
21. Define: Power factor, Load factor, Time of Day Tariff, Contract
07
Demand, Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Humidity*.
22. Write steps for energy audit. 04

23. Compare preliminary and detailed energy audit 04

24. Draw and explain energy flow diagram. 04

25. Explain Payback Period, ROI and NPV.

May-17 07

Explain barriers and limitations of energy optimization

26. Nov-17 07
projects.

Explain the application of following instruments used for energy

27. audit and monitoring: Thermometer, Harmonic Analyzer, CRO, Nov-17 04
Lux meter.
28. Explain energy management strategies in details Nov-17 07

29. Explain guidelines for writing energy audit reports. Nov-17 07

Electrical Distribution and Utilization: Electrical Systems, Transformers loss

reductions, parallel operations, T & D losses, P.F. improvements, Demand Side
management (DSM), Load Management, Harmonics & its improvements,
UNIT-2 Energy efficient motors and Soft starters, Automatic power factor Controllers, Variable
speed drivers, Electronic Lighting ballasts for Lighting, LED Lighting,
Trends and Approaches. Study of 4 to 6 cases of Electrical Energy audit and
management (Power factor improvement, Electric motors, Fans and blowers,
Cooling Towers, Industrial/Commercial Lighting system, etc.)
ATTEMPT BOLD QUESTIONS:
SR
QUESTION YEAR MARKS
NO.
How losses in Transformers are reduced for Energy
1. Conservation? 07
How losses are reduced in Transformer? State advantages of May-17
parallel operation.
2. How to improve power factor and what are the impacts of 07
improved power factor in electrical systems
3. Explain energy efficient motors and also explain technical 07
aspects of energy efficient motors
4. How to make lighting system of your college campus more 07
efficient?
5. Explain Automatic Power Factor Controller. May-17 07
Discuss Harmonics in Electrical Systems and remedies to
6. improve the same NOV-18 07
What is harmonics? Give the causes of harmonics.

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7. Discuss the use of variable speed drives considering energy 07
conservation aspects.
8. How Harmonics are affected on motor and give remedies 04
leading to energy conservation.
9. Draw a schematic diagram for flow of water, steam and flue
Nov-17 04
gases in a boiler plant.
10. Compare Synchronous motor with Static capacitor 04
11. State and explain steps for improving efficiency of motor 03
12. What are the reasons for transmission and distribution Nov-17
03
losses? NOV-18
13. Explain the scope of energy conservation in domestic sector 07
14. Explain the steps to reduce transmission and distribution losses. Nov-17 04
15. Write short notes on Variable Speed Drives. Nov-17 07
A small industry have a total electric load 500 KW with 0.85 lag
power factorThe power factor is improved from 0.85 to 0.92 lag by
using phase advancing plants with cost of 90 Rs per kVAr. If this
16. industry run 5000 hours during a year and electrical energy rate is 07
130 Rs per maximum KVA demand and 80 paisa per kWh than
calculate saving in electricity consumption during a year. Interest
and depreciation cost of phase advancing plant per year is 12%
800 KW load having a 0.8 lagging power factor is operated with
17. 400 kVA synchronous motor with 0.4 leading power factor than 04
calculate combined power factor .
18. Give reasons for causing low power factor. 03
19. Explain Demand Side Management in detail. May-17 07
20. State types, characteristics and applications of fans. May-17 07
21. Explain Electronic Lighting Ballasts and LED Lighting. May-17 07
22. Explain Soft Starters and Energy Saving by using it. May-17 07
Prepare an energy audit report based on following data:
The load on an installation is 800 kW, 0.8 lagging p.f. which
23. works for 3000 hours per annum. The tariff is Rs. 100 per
Nov-17 07
kVA plus 20 paise per kWh. If the power factor is improved
to 0.9 lagging by means of loss-free capacitors costing Rs. 60
per kVAR, What would be annual saving?
24. Write down the conditions and advantages of parallel
Nov-17 07
operation of transformers and generators.
25. What is the significance of soft starter? How is it saving energy? Nov-17 07

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 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI
Thermal Systems :Boilers- performance evaluation, Loss analysis, Water
treatment and its impact on boiler losses, integration of different systems in
boiler operation. Advances in boiler technologies, FBC and PFBC boilers, Heat
recovery Boilers- it’s limitations and constraints. Furnaces- Types and
UNIT-3 classifications, applications, economics and quality aspects, heat distributions,
draft controls, waste heat recovering options, Furnaces refractory- types and
sections. Thermic Fluid heaters, need and applications, Heat recovery and its
limitations. Insulators- Hot and Cold applications, Economic thickness of
insulation, Heat saving and application criteria. Steam Utilization Properties,
steam distribution and losses, steam trapping, Condensate, Flash steam recovery

ATTEMPT BOLD QUESTIONS:

SR
QUESTION YEAR MARKS
NO.
1. Discuss Water treatment and its impact on Boiler losses. April-17 07
2. Discuss the effect of following parameters on the
performance of Boiler. 07
1) Excess air 2) Blow down 3) Waste heat utilization
3. Define Specific Heat, Latent Heat of Fusion, Humidity 03
4. Discuss different types of Boilers. 07
5. What are the limitations and constraints in Heat recovery of
07
Boilers
6. Explain Indirect method of Energy Efficiency calculation for
07
Furnace
7. Explain direct method for performance of furnace. Nov-17 04
8. Discuss Energy Conservation economics and quality aspects of
07
Furnace
9. Classify heat recovery systems and explain any one in detail. 07
10. Explain Economic thickness of insulation considering Heat
07
saving and application criteria
11. Discuss different types of refractory systems 04
12. Explain materials used for Insulation. 04
13. Discuss determination of Economic Thickness of Insulation. May-17 07
14. State functions and types of steam traps. Also write energy
May-17 07
saving opportunities.
15. List factors affecting furnace performance. Explain Direct
May-17 07
method for performance of Furnace.
16. Give classification of feed water treatment. Nov-17 03
17. Explain mechanical treatment of feed water. Nov-17 04
18. List factors affecting furnace performance. Nov-17 03
19. Explain FBC and PFBC boilers April - 18 03
20. Explain Types of furnaces, its applications and waste heat
April - 18 07
recovery method for it.
21. Explain the concept of co-generation and its applications in
April - 18 07
energy conservation.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

 R. N. G. PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGY, TAJPORE, BARDOLI
System Audit of Mechanical Utilities: Pumps, types and application, unit’s
assessment, improvement option, parallel and series operating pump
performance. Energy Saving in Pumps & Pumping Systems. Bloomers
(Blowers) types & application, its performance assessment, series & parallel
operation applications & advantages. Energy Saving in Blowers Compressors,
types & applications, specific power consumption, compressed air system,&
UNIT-4 economic of system changes. Energy Saving in Compressors & Compressed Air
Systems Cooling towers, its types and performance assessment & limitations,
water loss in cooling tower. Energy Saving in Cooling Towers .Study of 4 to 6
cases of Energy Audit & Management in Industries (Boilers, Steam System,
Furnaces, Insulation and Refractory, Refrigeration and Air conditioning,
Cogeneration, Waste Heat recovery etc.)Study of Energy Audit reports for
various Industries and Organizations

ATTEMPT BOLD QUESTIONS:

SR
QUESTION YEAR MARKS
NO.
1. Write components of Cooling Tower and explain briefly? 07
2. Give various tips for energy savings in thermal utility devices like
07
compressor, pump and refrigeration system.
3. Give tips for energy savings in pumping systems and Cooling
May-17 07
Towers.
4. Write different types of blowers & applications 07
5. How will you access the performance of Blowers? 04
6. What do you mean by Specific power consumption? 03
7. Explain need, principle of cogeneration. Explain Bottoming
May-17 07
Cycle.
8. Give classification of air compressors. 07
9. How do you assess the performance of Fans? Explain. 07
10. Explain compressed air system. 07
11. How will you analyseperformance of cooling tower? 07
12. Explain Efficient Operation of Compressed Air Systems. May-17 07
13. What is pumping? How to select a pump for particular application? Nov-17 03
14. List the method of improving efficiency of pumping system. Nov-17 03
15. Explain factors affecting the performance of cooling towers. Nov-17 04
16. Enlist the parameters to evaluate the performance of cooling towers. Nov-17 03
17. What are the advantages and disadvantages of compressed air
Nov-17 04
system?
18. Discuss performance of pumps in parallel and series operation. Nov-17 07
19. Explain various methods of Energy Conservation in Cooling
April-18 07
Towers.
20. Describe various methods of Energy Conservation in Pumps. April-18 07

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT