FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT

TUTORIAL NO: 7
(GAS AND POWER CYCLES)

1. In a Carnot cycle, the maximum pressure and temperature are limited to 1800 kPa and 410 oC.
The ration of isentropic compression is 6 and isothermal expansion is 1.5. Assuming the
volume of the air at the beginning of isothermal expansion as 0.18 m3, determine:
a) The temperature and pressures at main points in the cycle.
b) The change in entropy during isothermal expansion.
c) Thermal efficiency of the cycle.

2. Calculate the heat and work transfers, cycle efficiency and work ratio for a Carnot cycle, using
steam between pressures of 3000 kPa and 4 kPa.

3. In an air-standard Brayton cycle the air enters the compressor at 0.1 MPa, 15 oC. The pressure
leaving the compressor is 1.0 MPa, and the maximum temperature in the cycle is 1000 oC.
Determine :
a) The pressure and temperature at each point in the cycle.
b) The compressor work, turbine work, and cycle efficiency.

4. Calculate the efficiency and specific work output of a simple gas turbine working on the
Brayton cycle. The maximum and minimum temperatures of the cycle are 1000 K and 288 K
respectively, the pressure ratio is 6, and the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and
turbine are 85 and 90 percent respectively.

5. The compression ration in an air-standard Otto cycle is 8. At the beginning of the compression
stroke the pressure is 0.1 MPa and the temperature is 15 oC. The heat transfer to the air per
cycle is 1800 kJ/kg of air. Determine:
a) The temperature and pressures at the end of each process of the cycle.
b) Thermal efficiency of the cycle.
c) Mean effective pressure.

6. At the beginning of the compression process of and air standard Otto cycle, P1 = 100 kPa, T1 =
290 K, V1 = 400 cm3. The maximum temperature in the cycle is 2200 K and the compression
ratio is 8. Determine:
a) The heat addition in kJ.
b) The net work, in kJ.
c) The thermal efficiency.
d) The mean effective pressure.

7. An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ration of 18, and the heat transferred to the
working fluid per cycle is 1800 kJ/kg. At the beginning of the compression process the
pressure is 0.1 MPa and the temperature is 15 oC. Determine:
a) The temperature and pressures at the end of each process of the cycle.
b) The thermal efficiency.
c) The mean effective pressure.

1
 8. At the beginning of the compression process of an air-standard Diesel cycle operating with a
compression ratio of 18, the temperature is 300 K and the pressure is 0.1 MPa. The cutoff ratio
for the cycle is 2. Determine:
a) The temperature and pressures at the end of each process of the cycle.
b) The thermal efficiency.
c) The mean effective pressure, in MPa.

9. In a Rankine cycle steam leaves the boiler and enters the turbine at 4 MPa, 400 oC. The
condenser pressure is 10 kPa. Determine the cycle efficiency.

10. In a Rankine cycle, the steam at inlet to turbine is saturated at a pressure of 3000 kPa and the
exhaust pressure is 25 kPa. Determine:
a) The pump work.
b) The power output.
c) The cycle efficiency.
d) The condenser heat flow and
e) The dryness at the end of expansion.
Assume flow rate of 10 kg/s.

ANSWERS
1. 1200 kPa, 683 K, 97 kPa, 333.2 K, 146 kPa, 333.2 K, 1800 kPa, 683 K, 0.192 kJ/kg.K, 51.2%
2. 1795 kJ/kg, 1069.55 kJ/kg, 940.71 kJ/kg, 215.26 kJ/kg, 40.41%, 0.7112
3. 556.04 K, 1.0 MPa, 1373K, 711.14 K, 269.38 kJ/kg, 665.17 kJ/kg, 48.21%
4. 27.7%, 135 kJ/kg
5. 1.838 MPa,662 K, 8.813 MPa, 3174 K, 0.4795 MPa, 1380 K, 56.5%, 1406 kPa
6. 0.5292 kJ, 0.2989 kJ, 56.47%, 853.94 kPa
7. 5.72 MPa, 915.8 K, 2710 K, 1316 K, 59.1%, 1362 kPa
8. 5.719 MPa, 953.3 K, 5.719 MPa, 1906.6 K, 0.2639 MPa, 791.70 K, 63.15%, 744 kPa
9. 35.3%
10. 3.0345 kJ/kg, 7388.5 kW, 29.22%, 17897 kW, 76.29%