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Introduction: RS3 Tutorial 1 Quick Start

Welcome to RS3. This tutorial introduces some basic


features of RS3. The model analyzes the effect of tank
loading on an existing sloped underground tunnel. First
the tunnel is excavated, then a shallow foundation is
excavated, then the foundation is filled with concrete,
and the last stage involves loading the foundation.

The finished product of this tutorial can be found in the


Tutorial 01 Quick Start.rs3dmodel file. All tutorial files
installed with RS3 can be accessed by selecting File 
Recent  Tutorials folder from the RS3 main menu.

CONTENTS  
Introduction: RS3 Tutorial 1 Quick Start ........... 1  Staging The Tunnel Excavation .................... 8 
Step 1: Starting the Model ............................... 2  Staging The Foundation ................................ 8 
Creating A Blank Document .......................... 2  Step 7: Adding Stress Loading ......................... 9 
Step 2: Editing The Project Settings ................ 2  Applying A Surface Load To The Model ....... 9 
Configuring The Units & Stages .................... 2  Applying A Field Stress ............................... 10 
Other Options ................................................ 3  Step 8: Setting Boundary Conditions .............. 11 
Step 3: Defining The Materials......................... 3  Adding Model Restraints ............................. 11 
Defining Material Properties .......................... 3  Step 9: Meshing .............................................. 11 
Step 4: Creating Geometry .............................. 4  Configuring And Calculating Mesh .............. 11 
Defining The External Box............................. 4  Step 10: Computing Results ........................... 12 
Step 5: Excavating ........................................... 5  Compute ..................................................... 12 
Creating A Cylinder For The Underground Step 11: Interpreting Results .......................... 13 
Tunnel ........................................................... 5  Displaying The Results ............................... 13 
Extruding A Circle For The Tank Foundation 6  Principal Stress ........................................... 13 
Step 6: Staging ................................................ 8  Z Displacement ........................................... 14 

Tutorial Key Concepts


Excavation of sloped tunnel
Shallow circular foundations
Staged excavation and construction

Tutorial 1: RS3 1
Step 1: Starting the Model
CREATING A BLANK DOCUMENT

Start RS3 by selecting Programs  Rocscience  RS3 2.0  RS3 from the Windows
start menu. RS3 opens to a blank screen, which allows you to create a new model by
New pressing the [New Project] button. If the RS3 application window is not already
Project maximized, maximize it now so the full screen space is available for use.

First, save as Tutorial 01 Quick Start.rs3dmodel: File  Save.


Save

Step 2: Editing the Project Settings


CONFIGURING THE UNITS & STAGES

The Project Settings dialog is used to configure the main analysis parameters for your
RS3 model. Open the dialog through File  Project Settings. This will open the dialog
Project on the first tab: [Units], and set Units = Metric, stress as kPa.
Settings

Project
Settings:
Units

Project
Settings: Select the [Stages] tab.
Stages

Enter Number of Stages = 5, with names as shown above.

Tutorial 1: RS3 2
OTHER OPTIONS

Next, select the [Groundwater] tab.

Project
Settings:
Ground
water

Enter Method = None, then select the [Solver Options] tab.

Note
A major feature in RS3 is the ability to do a “Coupled” analysis. This means that
the groundwater and solids impact each other in the computation. For more
information about the coupled analysis option, please visit the “Help” menu. We
are not interested in groundwater results, so uncoupled analysis is adequate.

It is recommended that the solver type be left as Automatic to ensure accurate results.

Select [Project Summary] and enter Quick Start as the Project Title.

Do not change any other settings. Select [OK] to close the dialog.

Step 3: Defining the Materials


DEFINING MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Under the same tab (Geology or Excavations) you can assign the materials and
properties of our model through Materials  Define Materials.
Define
Materials
Note
By default, RS3 assigns all created geology (not excavations) the material
“Material 1”, so if you define Material 1 as the material you want the majority of
the geology to be, you can save some time in assigning properties later.

Enter the following properties for “Material 1” and “Material 2” in the [Stiffness] tab.

Material 1: Enter Name = Soil, Initial Element Loading = Field Stress & Body Force,
Unit Weight = 20 kN/m3, then switch to [Material 2].

Tutorial 1: RS3 3
Material 1
Properties:
Stiffness

Material 2: Enter Name = Concrete, Initial Element Loading = Body Force Only,
Young’s Modulus = 280000 kPa, then select [OK].

Material 2
Properties:
Stiffness

Step 4: Creating Geometry


DEFINING THE EXTERNAL BOX

Ensure the Geology tab is selected from the workflow at the top of the screen.

Note
RS3 is designed with an intuitive workflow to help guide the user through the
required steps in creating a model. Under each tab, the toolbars and menus are
customized to provide the user with the functions they will need in each step of
creating their model.

Note
RS3 uses the Z direction as the default for the direction of gravity, so when
creating geometry, it’s important to keep this in mind to orient your model.

Tutorial 1: RS3 4
Note
RS3 uses an external box to act as the scope of the model, meaning only objects
contained within or a part of the external box will be considered in the
calculations. As such, when creating a model, it is important to realise the
model’s bounds before setting up the external box.

Select: Geometry  Create External Box.

A Create External dialog will open, enter First Corner (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 0), Second Corner
Create (x, y, z) = (30, 30, -20), and Auto-Expand by = 0, then press [OK].
External

Step 5: Excavating
CREATING A CYLINDER FOR THE UNDERGROUND TUNNEL

Select the Excavations tab from the workflow at the top of the screen. We will now
design the excavation bodies.

We need to define a cylinder for our underground tunnel, select: Geometry  3D


Primitive Geometry  Cylinder.
Create
Cylinder
Note
When cutting into the external box to further detail the model, the objects can
extend beyond the boundary without affecting the final model. It is encouraged
when making objects that cut through the surface of the box to make them extend
past the surface to ensure a clean cut through the external box.

Create
Cylinder

Tutorial 1: RS3 5
Enter Axis Start Point (x, y, z) = (10, -1, -8), Axis End Point (x, y, z) = (10, 31, -10),
Radius = 1, Subdivisions = 25, then press [OK].

EXTRUDING A CIRCLE FOR THE TANK FOUNDATION

Next we are going to create an extruded circle for our tank foundation.

Note
We could easily create the foundation through defining another cylinder as we did
above for the tunnel, but for the purpose of demonstrating other features of RS3,
this cylinder will be created through a different (more lengthy) process.

Draw a Select: Geometry  Draw Tools  Draw Polyline.


Polyline
A Draw Polyline panel will open on the left.
Draw
Polyline

Select Plane Orientation = XY, Origin (x, y, z) = (17.5, 15, 1), Path Definition = Circle,
Circle Definition = Center and Radius, Radius = 5, U, V Coord = 0 0, [Enter], then press
Close the blue checkmark to close the pane.
Polyline
Pane

Tutorial 1: RS3 6
Note
You can press on the grey arrow beside Discretization Settings to define the
number of straight line segments that define the circle (or the approximate
segment length), but here, the default is fine.

Select “PolyLine 1” in the visibility pane (top left section), then press: Geometry  Draw
Create
Polygon Tools  Create Polygon from Polyline. A Create Polygons dialog will appear with
from “Polyline1” listed, press [Create Polygons]. This will transform “PolyLine1” to “Polygon
Polyline 1” in the visibility pane.
This polygon must be extruded into the geology to model the excavation pit and sheet
pile walls. Select “Polygon 1” in the visibility pane. Then select Geometry 
Extrude/Sweep/Loft Tools  Extrude and an Extrude Geometry dialog will appear.
Extrude
Keep Direction (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 1), and Depth = -1.5, then press [OK].
Geometry

Extrude
Geometry

Now that we’ve completed defining the external box, and the objects to be cut into it, we
can divide our model according to the objects we defined: Geometry  3D Boolean 
Divide All Divide All Geometry.
Geometry

Tutorial 1: RS3 7
Your 3D model should look similar to the one below.

Current
State of
Model

Note
Notice that the excess bits we had defined in both cylinders has been omitted
after dividing the geometry because it extended past the external boundary.

Step 6: Staging
STAGING THE TUNNEL EXCAVATION

The tunnel is excavated at stage 2, meaning in stage 1 it should still be “Soil”.

Note
RS3 separates stages through tabs at the bottom of the window. The screens will
update loads, materials, and other staged elements as you make them active.
This feature makes it easy to view the different states of the model at each stage.

Starting with the tunnel, make sure the model is currently active on stage 2 Excavate
tunnel (bottom pane of tabs). Now select the tunnel excavation body in the visibility
pane, and in the properties pane, change the Applied Property = No Material.

Note
Once changing the property of a body, RS3 will automatically make the following
stages have the same property (e.g. if a body was excavated in stage 1,
indicated through property being No Material, it will change from the original
material to No Material in all subsequent stages as well).

STAGING THE FOUNDATION

The foundation is excavated at stage 3, and the concrete is poured in stage 4.

Now we do the same excavation for the foundation as we completed for the tunnel, but
starting from stage 3, select the stage tab Excavate foundation.

Tutorial 1: RS3 8
Select the foundation body from the visibility pane, then in the properties pane, change
Applied Property = No Material.

Now select Stage tab Pour concrete foundation, and in the foundations properties pane,
change the Applied Property = Concrete.

Note
RS3 also provides a quick visual summary of the currently selected object’s state
in each stage. For example, if you select the foundation in the visibility pane, on
top of the stage tabs, you’ll notice stage 1 and 2 have a purple line (indicating it
is material 1), stage 3 is clear (indicating it is defined as no material), and stage
4 and 5 are red (concrete).

Step 7: Adding Stress Loading


APPLYING A SURFACE LOAD TO THE MODEL

Next we go to the Loads tab. This tab allows you to edit the loading conditions.

Faces Select the foundation surface with Faces Selection mode active in the toolbar.
Selection

Face
Selected

Tutorial 1: RS3 9
Select: Loading  Add Loads.

Add Loads

Add Loads

Enter Magnitude = 200, and Install at Stage = Loading foundation, the rest should be
default (check screenshot), then press [Apply].

APPLYING A FIELD STRESS

This tab also allows you to edit the field stress loading conditions, select: Loading 
Field Stress.
Field Stress

Field Stress

Enter Field Stress Type = Gravity, the rest should be default (check screenshot).

Tutorial 1: RS3 10
Step 8: Setting Boundary Conditions
ADDING MODEL RESTRAINTS

Move to the Restraints tab to assign restraints to the external boundary of the model.

RS3 has a built in “Auto Restrain” tool for use on underground models.

Auto
Select: Restraints  Auto Restrain (Surface).
Restrain
(Surface) This completes the construction of the model (in terms of geometry).

Step 9: Meshing
CONFIGURING AND CALCULATING MESH

Next we move to the Mesh tab. Here we may specify the mesh type and discretization
density for our model. For this tutorial, we will use a 10-node finite element mesh type.
Mesh This is not the default mesh parameter so we will need to customize the mesh: Mesh 
Settings Mesh Settings.

The Mesh Settings dialog appears. This dialog allows you to customize parameters of
your mesh. We want to use a graded, 10-noded element mesh.

Mesh
Settings

Enter Element Type = 10-Noded Tetrahedra, Mesh Gradation = Graded.

Press [OK]. Then mesh the model: Mesh  Mesh. The mesh is now generated, your
model should look like the one below.

Mesh

Current
State of
Model:
Mesh

Tutorial 1: RS3 11
Step 10: Computing Results
COMPUTE

Next we move to the Compute tab. From this tab we can compute the results of our
model. First, save your model: File  Save.
Save
Use the Save As dialog to save the file, and next you need to save the compute file:
File  Save Compute File. You are now ready to compute the results.

Select: Compute  Compute.

Compute
Note
The RS3 Compute engine will perform the required finite element calculations.
This computation may take a few minutes; however, more complex models may
take a much longer time to compute. Once computation is complete, the dialog
closes.

Compute
Engine

Tutorial 1: RS3 12
Step 11: Interpreting Results
DISPLAYING THE RESULTS

Next we move to the Results tab. From this tab we can analyze the results of our
model. First, refresh the results: Interpret  Refresh Results.
Refresh On the top right corner of the Results tab, you should see two drop down menus:
Results

Note
Excavation The “Element” drop down menu allows you to view the results for solids, bolts,
Contour and liners. For this tutorial we can only view results for Solids.

XZ Plane We will analyze a number of different “Data Type” results. Let’s turn on the exterior
contours so we can see some results: Interpret  Show Excavation Contour. Also
select: Interpret  XZ Plane, and Interpret  YZ Plane (with x, y, z = 18, 15, -10).
YZ Plane

PRINCIPAL STRESS

In the top right corner of the Results tab, ensure Element = Solids, and change data
type = Sigma 1 Effective:

In order to compare each stage against each other visually, the contour colour scheme
was standardized across all stages, select: Interpret  Contour Legend  Contour
Options, and select the checkbox Auto Range (All Stages).

Tutorial 1: RS3 13
The Sigma 1 Effective results at stage 1-5 are shown below.

Solids
Sigma 1
Effective:
Stage 1, 2

Solids
Sigma 1
Effective:
Stage 3, 4

Solids
Sigma 1
Effective:
Stage 5

Z DISPLACEMENT

In the top right corner of the Results tab, ensure Element = Solids, and change data
type = Total Displacement:

Tutorial 1: RS3 14
The Total Displacement results at stage 4-5 are shown below.

Solids Total
Displ:
Stage 4, 5

Other results are available to view as well. Thank you, this concludes the tutorial.

Tutorial 1: RS3 15

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