Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
After Lenin's death in 1924 there was a power struggle in the leadership of the
Soviet Union. Stalin became the dictator of the USSR by 1927-28. Brezhnev and
Krushchev were not on the political scene at that point. Trotsky was exiled to
Kazakhstan in 1928 and expelled from the Soviet Union in 1929 by Stalin. By 1928
Stalin was firmly in control and at the very beginning of 1929 he ordered that the
five-year plan was to be completed one year early.
2. Following Stalin's death in 1953, who was the next premier of the U.S.S.R.?
Stalin died in 1953, leaving a sort of power vacuum. The group close to the center
of power began by having Lavrenti Beria, the much feared head of the secret police
since 1939 and would-be successor, shot. Georgi M. Malenkov became the leader for a
period, while Krushchev was the leader of the Communist Party. Krushchev actually
became premier following Bulganin. So the proper order is Stalin, Malenkov,
Bulganin, then Krushchev in 1958.
3. According to many Soviet scholars, during the late 1970s and the 1980s, what was
a major social problem in the Soviet Union which in turn affected many other
issues, including work discipline?
Alcoholism is cited by many historians as being the main factor behind the high
rate of absenteeism and truancy in the U.S.S.R. (Some larger factories even had
drying-out rooms where workers who arrived for work drunk could rest). The effect
of widespead alcoholism on work discipline was devastating. It was so rampant that
in late 1980s, Gorbachev went so far as to try to limit consumption to two bottles
of vodka per week per family.
Even until the late 1980s and early 1990s, communal housing (families having some
private rooms but shared livings spaces, kitchens, and bathrooms) was a major
problem in most of Soviet cities. (Source: "The Supreme Soviet Session--IV;
Discussion of Plan and Budget Reports; in the Council of the Union." Izvestia,
October 22, 1987. The Current Digest of the Soviet Press, December 9, 1987.)
5. Personal ownership of any sort of item was expressely forbidden.
The state did not of course allow personal ownership of investment property, such
as shops, apartment blocks or factories, but allowed for personal property. The
general principle was that people were allowed to own things that they *used*, so
individuals were able to buy cars and even to own country homes.
(Of course, under Stalin's rule poor work discipline was not tolerated, but by the
Brezhnev era this had changed).
6. How would Soviet film directors achieve their artistic dreams within the
confines of the strict Communist state?
The correct answer was Submit a working script different from the final version
Film directors were known to submit an idea that they knew would be approved and
then change the script subtely, or maybe not so subtely, as they went through the
filming process. As a result, Soviet films in the late 1970s and 1980s were quite
bold in their statements.
On February 7, 1990 the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party agreed to
give up its monopoly of power. Throughout the rest of 1990 various republics pulled
out of the Union (Estonia and Lithuania). On August 20, 1991, the republics of the
Soviet Union were to sign a new union treaty, making them independent republics in
a federation with a common president, foreign policy and military. In November of
1991, Yeltsin banned the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. On December 9, 1991,
the leaders of the Russian, Ukrainian, and Belorussian republics declared that the
Soviet Union was dissolved and replaced by the "Commonwealth of Independent
States".
Due to his efforts to recreate the USSR, Gorbachev was recognized by the Norwegian
Nobel Committee, which awards the Nobel Peace Prize.
If it was at all possible, Soviet citizens would buy foreign-made products and
merchandise.
In Soviet times, Putin had been a member of the KGB, and his election was seen by
some as a retrograde step.
1. Who led the longest revolt in the Philippines during the Spanish times?
2. Who was the Spanish governor-general who ordered the deportation of Jose Rizal
to Dapitan?
Jose Rizal was deported days after he founded the La Liga Filipina on July 6, 1892.
La Liga Filipina, ostensibly a civic association composed of Filipinos that had as
its motto 'Unus Instar Omnium' ('One Like All'), was considered by the Spanish
authorities as "dangerous".
3. What was the name of the Filipino soldier who led the Cavite Mutiny of 1872?
Ferdinand La Madrid was a mestizo sergeant who led the mutiny after Spanish
authorities subjected his co-soldiers at the Engineering and Artillery Corps to
personal taxes from which they had previously been exempted. The taxes obliged them
to pay a monetary sum and to do the "polo y servicio" or forced labor! (Source:
Wikipedia article on the Cavite Munity).
4. Who wrote the "Kartilla", considered the 'bible' of the Katipunan movement?
Jacinto was the adviser on fiscal matters and secretary to Andrés Bonifacio, the
leader of the Katipunan movement. The primer he wrote consisted of 13 teachings
which the members of the (Katipunan) were expected to follow. "A life that is not
dedicated to a noble cause is like a tree without a shade or a poisonous weed" was
one of the 13 teachings. Jacinto was also the editor of the Katipunan newspaper
called "Kalayaan", which translates to "Freedom".
General Emilio Aguinaldo, while in exile in Hong Kong in 1897, conceived the design
for the flag, drawing inspiration from the flags used by the Katipunan and the
Cuban revolutionaries. The flag had blue and red horizontal bands with a white
triangle at the flag's left side. Inside the triangle was a yellow sun with eight
rays, representing the first eight provinces which had revolted against the
Spaniards. At each corner of the triangle were the three stars for the three main
islands of the Philippines (Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao). The flag was sewn by
Agoncillo with her daughter Lorenza, and Doña Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, Jose
Rizal's niece.
6. Who was the last general of the Filipino-American revolution to surrender to the
Americans?
On March 16, 1957, he, together with some friends and newspapermen went to Cebu on
a speaking engagement. At a little past midnight, March 17, he boarded on the plane
'Mt. Pinatubo' for Manila. The plane unfortunately crashed into a mountain in Cebu.
He and his companions were killed, except for Néstor Mata, a newspaperman.
It was Easter Sunday then, March 31, 1521, the feast day of St. Lazarus.
9. What was the name of Diego Silang's wife, who continued the revolt against the
Spaniards in the Ilocos region after Diego's death?
Gabriela Silang - her full name was María Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang. She was
the first Filipino woman to lead a revolt against the Spaniards. She led the group
for four months after her husband's death before she was captured and executed in
Vigan, Ilocos Sur on September 20, 1763.
1. The Rizal family had 11 siblings, of whom Rizal was the seventh. One of his
siblings died early and is said to have been Rizal's 'first sorrow'. Who was this
sibling?
Concepcion's nickname was Concha. She died at the age of three in 1865.
This novel made a great impression on him. Some readers say that the "El
Filibusterismo", Rizal's second novel, was a Filipino version of the Dumas novel.
3. While at the Ateneo, Rizal met his first love. She was a pretty fourteen-year
old Batangueña. Who was she?
5. When he traveled to Japan, Rizal met a girl named Seiko Usui, also known as O-
Sei-San. If he had not had any patriotic mission, he could have married her. A year
after Rizal's execution (1897), Seiko married Alfred Charlton. What was Charlton's
job?
After many years of devoted teaching, Charlton was awarded the Order of Merit, 5th
Class, by the Japanese government.
6. When "Noli Me Tangere", Rizal's most famous novel, was first published, a priest
masterminded its banning. This priest is the subject of Rizal's "Por Telefono in
Paris". Who was this priest?
The Spanish friars at Calamba (Laguna) were urged to fight Rizal for his
"malicious" novel and a commission, headed by Font, was set up. The other priests
(Piernavieja, Echivarria, Payo) were also among the members.
7. Dr. Jose Rizal traveled to Madrid in 1890 and discovered his "bitter enemy of
the pen". This enemy was an editor of a newspaper named "La Epoca". In an article
he wrote, he repeatedly maligned Rizal's family. Who was this "bitter enemy?
Retana was a press agent, working for the friars. Rizal challenged Retana to a
duel. Since Retana was sent a letter by Rizal's seconds stating that he was
superior with both the pistol and the sword, Retana retracted his statement and
apologized to Rizal. After that, Rizal and Retana became good friends. Retana
afterwards became the first Spanish writer to write a book-length biography of
Rizal.
The girl was Nellie Boustead, a Protestant Rizal met at Biarritz, France. He had a
good relationship with the Boustead family. However, due to the fact that Nellie
wanted Rizal to become a Protestant, the relationship with both the girl and her
family ended.
9. At the time of his trip in Europe, Rizal published "El Filibusterismo" in Ghent,
Belgium. He was so glad about the printing but his funds were extremely low and he
had to leave the printing half-done. Joy turned to despair and Rizal was about to
burn the novel ... Then a hero came to his aid and the printing resumed. Who was
this hero?
Rizal was about to burn the novel completely. It's a good thing that Valentin
Ventura came and sent Rizal enough money to continue the printing.
10. During his exile at Dapitan in Zamboanga (following the publication of "Noli Me
Tangere") Rizal indulged what a biographer has called "his only vice". What was it?
Lottery winnings for Rizal were a great help for him to improve his life in
Dapitan. He used the money for agriculture and for building schools and churches.
11. During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal met someone claiming to a cousin or relative
of his. He was actually a friar's spy seeking a way of ruining Rizal legally. This
spy has been identified as P.M. Given that M stands for Mercado, what does the P
stand for?
"P.M.'s" real name was Florencio Namanan. He came from Cagayan de Misamis and
instructed by the Recollects to steal certain files from Rizal which might destroy
his good name in the eyes of the Governor-General.
12. While Rizal was still in exile, the Katipunan, an organization founded by
Andres Bonifacio, planned a bloody revolution against the Spaniards. In order to
inform Rizal, Bonifacio sent an emissary to Dapitan. Who was he?
Dr. Valenzuela was unknown to Rizal, making him the perfect emissary. He traveled
safely by bringing with him a blind man named Raymundo Mata.
13. Rizal's exile was over he was and turned over to the officials of Manila for
his "last days". Meanwhile, a Governor General brought more mayhem to the
Philippines than its predecessor. This Governor General signed the order for
Rizal's execution. Who was he?
Steeped in brutality, he was the most notorious general among those listed above.
14. At the time Rizal's final hours at Fort Santiago, a fortress near Pasig City,
he handed one of his sisters a lamp which contained his last poem, "Mi Ultimo
Adios". He whispered to her in English, "There is something inside." Who was this
sister?
Trinidad understood English because Rizal had taught her the language.
15. Dr. Jose Rizal, when a medical student at Madrid, predicted that he would die
on December 30.
This extraordinary prediction was recorded in an entry of Rizal's diary. That was
dated January 1, 1883. Rizal was executed by firing squad on 30 December 1896 for
alleged sedition, conspiracy and treason.
1. After the Negritos, what was the second group of people who migrated by sea to
the Philippines 3,000 to 8,000 years ago?
The Indonesian people came into two waves. The first one, the 'Indonesians A',
became the ancestors of the Ilongot people of the Sierra Madres. Both groups
introduced the 'kaingin' system of farming which is still practised today in the
forested areas of the Philippines.
'Alam' means 'know'. 'Hukom' is a judge and 'salamat' means 'thanks'. These words
were possibly brought by the Arab merchants and traders who came to the country in
the 9th century.
Mahdum (or Mudum or Makhdum) was an Arabic scholar who visited the island of Sulu
in Mindanao in 1380 converting the natives there to Islam. After his death, Rajah
Baginda, a prince, continued propagating the Islamic faith to the people of Sulu
first started by Makhdum.
5. Who commanded a large Chinese fleet, sent by Emperor Yung Lo of the Ming dynasty
in 1402 to trade with the country at the same time establish colonies along the
coast towns of the archipelago?
The fleet consisted of more than sixty ships and had visited the islands of Mindoro
and Sulu, Lingayen in the Pangasinan province and the Manila Bay.
6. What province was in the earlier times became known far and wide as the
'provincia de Comintang'?
Comintang (or kumintang), originally a war song, became the love song of the
ancient Filipinos. When sung, it is accompanied by dancing to the sound of the
early musical instruments.
7. Marriage among the Filipinos in the past was long and complicated. You had to
render services to the prospective bride's family, for example, by chopping wood or
fetching water from a 'balon' for days or months or years! If you were lucky enough
to be accepted, what did you call of the gift you were required to give to the
girl's parents?
It was sab-ong in Ilocano. The gift either consisted of a piece of land, a cow or
pieces of gold. Bigay-suso was a kind of bribe given to the girl's mother.
8. Who was the Supreme Being of the ancient Filipinos who, they believed, had
created the universe?
Bathala is the highest deity and the lord of all the creation. Lalahon is the
goddess of harvest while Sidapa is the god of death. The prayers and sacrifices
offered to the gods were performed by the 'babayins' or 'katalonas'.
9. While most of the children of the ancient times were taught at home, there
existed formal schools in the Panay Island of Visayas. What were these schools
called?
Here the Panay children were taught arithmetic, reading, religion and writing.
10. Where was the landing spot of the 10 Bornean datus who had escaped (along with
their families) from the rule of their sultan, Makatunaw of Borneo?
The 10 datus (chieftains) purchased land on which they could settle in from
Marikudo. They were led by Datu Puti. Datu Puti later returned to Borneo via the
Palawan route. Datu Balensusa and Dumangsol established their settlement in
Batangas while the rest of the datus settled in Panay.
1. One of the last Filipino generals who fought the Americans and established the
so-called 'Tagalog Republic'
Macario Sakay was seen merely as a bandit by the Americans but documents prove that
he had the necessary concept of the Filipino nation to merit being a genuine
military leader.
2. She is a Filipino heroine. After her husband died, she continued the war against
Spain, was caught and hanged.
Diego and Gabriela Silang took advantage of British occupation of Manila to rise
against the Spaniards.
He was called Great Dissenter because of his uncomprising stand against pro-
American policy of R. Magsaysay, the very same man whom he helped to put in power.
Quintin Paredes, a former Speaker and Senate President, is known for his stint as a
US Resident-Commisioner.
It was the year 1887 when this novel was published in Berlin.
8. Who is the Filipino historian who claimed that there was no Philippine history
before the execution of the three nationalists priests?
9. What is the name of Filipino armed contingent that helped the Americans capture
Aguinaldo?
The Macabebe Scouts were loyal to the Spaniards and immeditely switch allegiance to
the Americans. Macabebes are Kamampapangans who have a mutual hatred against the
Tagalogs, mainstay of Aguinaldo's Army.
10. Who is the highest American military official that was killed in action during
the Filipino-American war?
This book was published during the Spanish period and contains prayers and some
religious acts and beliefs that all Catholics should follow.
2. Who fought the Spanish government because the government did not give a formal
funeral ceremony for his brother?
The ceremony was denied by the frailes (Spanish priest) because the brother of
Dagohoy was accused of being an enemy of the Church.
4. What term was used for those women who were used by Japanese soldiers to gratify
their lust?
"Comfort Women" was derived from the word 'comfort room' where Japanese soldiers
satisfied their lust.
5. Which of these was a US president during the 'American Era' in the Philippines?
This institution was first named "Philippine Normal School" and then "Philippine
Normal College". An act signed by former President Aquino granted the school's
university status.
Almost 65% of the total population of the Philippines that use Tagalog in
communication.
This massive action by the Filipinos was made through the effort of Fidel V. Ramos
and Juan Ponce Enrile (they are both secretaries on Marcos cabinet) and were backed
by Cardinal Sin. The Edsa Revolution overthrew President Ferdinand Marcos.
It was built by the Spaniards and only whites (and certain others classed as
whites), were allowed to live there in Spanish colonial times. It was completely
destroyed during the World War II but has been rebuilt and is considered one of the
famous tourist attractions in the Philippines.
This dictatorial proclamation made in September 1972 sparked off a revolution and
chaos. It gave the President the wide ranging powers including the right to
nominate his successor.
1. At present the number of Lok Sabha Constituencies in Andhra Pradesh are ………
A. 25
B. 27
C. 15
D. 17
Answer: A
2. This would not be the developmental goal of a girl from a rice urban family.
A. foreign education.
B. as much freedom as her brother.
C. decision making about her future.
D. rural life connected with primary sector.
Answer: D
Answer: B
4. The great person who gave the slogan ‘Chalo Delhi’ in March, 1944 was …..
A. Shastriji
B. Gandhiji
C. Nehruji
D. Subhash Chandra Boseji
Answer: D
A. January – February
B. March – April
C. September – October
D. July – August
Answer: C
A. Islamabad
B. Lahore
C. Dhaka
D. Lucknow
Answer: C
7. The Article of the Constitution which provides free and competent legal
services to the weaker sections of the society.
A. Article – 39 (A)
B. Article – 27 (A)
C. Article – 37 (A)
D. Article – 38 (B)
Answer: A
8. The water dividing hills/mountains between the major peninsular rivers joining
the Bay of Bengal and small rivulets joining the Arabian ses, are …..
Answer: A
A. Bangladesh
B. Japan
C. Greeland
D. England
Answer: A
Answer: A
A. Palayagaras.
B. Zamindars.
C. Princes of Princely States.
D. Landlords.
Answer: C
12. “The more closely your work adides by life in its from, so much the better will
it appear.” The person who said these words.
A. Leonard Da Vinci
B. Albrecht Durer
C. Erasmus
D. Michelangelo
Answer: B
13. At the time of his coronation, this person was called as the ‘Citizen King’ in
France.
A. Louis XVI
B. Louis XIV
C. Louis Philippe
D. Louis XV
Answer: C
A. Asbestos
B. Bauxite
C. Mica
D. Chrome
Answer: D
A. Ecuador
B. Italy
C. Tanzania
D. Sicily
Answer: D
16. The reason behind the enlarged size of ‘Greenland’ in the world map is …….
Answer: C
17. On 4th May , 1919, an angry demonstration was held in Beijing to protest
against the decisions taken in ……
Answer: C
Answer: C
19. ‘Auschwitz’ was a kind of killing centre, where mass murders were done was in
this country.
A. Iraq
B. Germany
C. Italy
D. Iran
Answer: B