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INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
(ICT)
Support Material
6
SIXTH STANDARD
LEVEL I
.
PREFACE
M.R. Hiremath K.A.S
Executive Director
KREIS, Bengaluru-20
Computers have become a way of life in the present day world. Everyone need to be
educated about the implications of this technology. Now the Karnataka Residential
Educational Institutions Society (KREIS) has proposed a course/textbook in this regards. The
course outlined for this textbook is an attempt to design a generally friendly course that
would not only be contemporary but also leaves sufficient scope for expansion into unknown
realms of computer activity that may emerge in future.
NCF 2005 speaks about the tremendous effectiveness of the information and
communication technology in shaping modern society which has created the need for an
educated public that can utilise such technology most effectively for the betterment of society
and humankind. This book is aligned with these broad guidelines of NCF.
The book has been conscientiously designed and is the result of the renewed efforts of
the textbook team comprising of computer teachers and subject experts. Some of the
members worked at the advisory level while others worked towards the actual developmental
activity. It is hoped that the students will appreciate the beauty and logic of information and
communication technology. It has truly been a team work.
We welcome suggestions and comments from our valued users, especially students
and teachers. We wish our young readers a happy journey to the exciting realm of ICT-
Support Material.
It is well said by Sir Winston Churchill that “Men occasionally stumble over truth,
but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened”. Computers
have entered into classrooms so naturally than expected. While a decade ago teaching the
school children about the use of computers was a challenge. Now children in even remote
areas also know that a lot of fun can be understood by the touch of mobile screen. The 21 st
century digital children are at par with the pace of the Technology and its multiple
dimensions affecting all spheres of their life.
What is planned to teach the children through this support material is to engross the
children towards understanding the computer and its functional competency. This effort
surely enhances the learning pattern and desired outcomes. Parting computer in the school
curriculum brings paradigm shift from teaching to learning and also:
Let me also caution that this support material does not contain material to learn
specific software. Further, learning computers is not designed as a substitute for learning core
subjects. However, by association with the computer and with the help of this set of support
material students will be able to explore the possibilities of using computer as a tool in
enhancing knowledge, understanding of subjects and skills and concepts dealt in core
subjects. I am happy to be associated with the team in developing this material to assist the
teachers and children in Karnataka Residential Educational Institutions Society (KREIS).
The team involved in this work has also taken into account the constraint like availability of
time of the children in the Residential school pattern. Hence, lot of activities could be
planned to be conducted after the class hours through a formal interaction with the computer
teacher and the subject teachers, using the techniques explained in this support material. With
this material it is expected to enhance collaborative activities and interdisciplinary
approaches. The support material in this series has links from level to level. Over a period of
5 years students are expected to integrate ICT tools in their core subjects at ease. Although
teachers can use their own methods to evaluate themselves the efficacy of use of this material
from time to time , learning concepts explained in this set of support material is not expected
to be evaluated through a formal set of examinations. The fun of learning the skills is
incorporated in various exercises and activities recommended.
Special features maintained in series of support material are:
Minimum skills required at the age group for operation have been attempted to be
incorporated
Time share of 100-120 periods (80 hrs per year) is planned
Exercises and materials are designed in such a way that children Learn through
independent operation and collaborative work
Play-way/Conversation /interactive approaches are adopted
Brand neutrality is maintained to avoid specific alignment to any particular brand
Kannada compliant inputs are exhaustively attempted
I wish that teachers will make use of this material more informally to have full
participation of the students in productive manner. I thank the Karnataka Residential
Educational Institutions Society (KREIS) for reposing confidence in our entire team in
developing the material. Thanks are also due to the team members who have invested
valuable time and expertise.
(A N Ramachandra)
TEXTBOOK COMMITTEE
CHAIRMAN:
Co - CHAIRMAN:
Dr. N.C Naveen, HOD, Department of Information Science & Engineering, Dayananda Sagar
College of Engineering, Bengaluru.
MEMBERS:
Smt. Sunitha Thaavala M.Sc(CS), MDRS Kutinhopadavu, Mangaluru Taluk, Dakshina Kannada.
Sri. Shankar D M.Tech, MDRS,Goormaranahalli, Channarayapatna taluk, Hassan.
Sri. Shivaraj Kenganal M.Sc(CS), MDRS, Vakkunda, Bailahongal taluk, Belagavi.
Sri. Veeresh K B MCA, KRCRS, Varalahalli, Hagaribommanahalli Taluk, Bellary.
Sri. Gururaj.K MCA, MDRS, Keladi, Sagar Taluk, Shivamogga.
COORDINATORS:
Sri. A.T Chamaraja, Retd. Joint Director, Department of Public Education and Consultant,
KREIS, Bengaluru.
Sri. Santosh Elemmi S.C M.Sc(CS), M.Phil, KREIS, Bengaluru.
Sri. Sunil C.S MCA, M.Tech, M.Phil, KREIS, Bengaluru.
Sri. Keerthi Kumar H M B.E, MDRS, Belur Town, Belur Taluk, Hassan.
I
Karnataka Residential Educational Institutions Society 6th Standard
II
Karnataka Residential Educational Institutions Society 6th Standard
CONTENTS
SL.NO NAME OF THE LESSON PAGE NO
01 Introduction to computer 01
02 Components of computer 10
08 Number System 52
III
Karnataka Residential Educational Institutions Society 6th Standard
Speed
Storage Keep Clean:
Accuracy Characteristics Keep Computer area Clean
Diligence Familiarity with Computer Do not eat and drink near computers
Versatility Cover when not in use
Flexibility Be Safe:
Reliability Do not pull wires connected.
Purpose 6th Standard
Do not put your fingers
Enhanced Learning Level I
Do not touch part with wet hands
Writing Letters
Keep a Correct Posture:
Playing Games Usage Skills
Keep chair at proper height
Utilities
Keep proper distance from monitor
Uses Be Gentle:
Schools Mouse:
Offices Do not hit hard on the keyboard
Left Click Do not remove any cable
Hospital Right Click
Railway Places Do not take any item away
Double Click Share Equally:
Banks
Keyboard: Give Space to others while using.
Using Alphabets Keys
Take turns while using mouse and keyboard
Binary Using Special keys
Decimal Start Up:
Octal Number System Switch On Power Button of CPU Helpline
Hexadecimal Shut Down: IV
Shut down the system Getting Help
Switch Off Monitor
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer
Inside
Introduction
Parts of computer
Characteristics of Computer
Applications of Computer
Learning Outcomes:
After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:
Define computer.
Identify the main parts of the computer.
List the characteristics of the computer.
List the various uses of the computer.
Identify places where computers can be used.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer 6th Standard
Gunda: Ok….. I know all these machines except Computer. Tell me what is a
Computer?
Reeta: A Computer is a general purpose device that can be used to carry out a
set of operations automatically.
Gunda: Ok, What are the benefits of Computer?
Reeta: It makes our work easy and save our time and energy as well.
Gunda: Come, Reeta Let us ask our teacher to tell more about Computer.
Students were in the computer room, looking at one of the computer. They were
trying to see how the wires were connected together.
Teacher: So, have you already noticed that a computer has many parts?
Gunda: Yes, just like we have hands, legs, eyes, and ears! What are the names
of the parts of a computer?
Teacher: The names of the four most important parts are - CPU, Monitor,
Keyboard, and Mouse.
Reeta: Why does a computer need so many parts? What do they do? How are
they connected?
Teacher: Good question Students! Let us learn about each of these parts.
MONITOR
KEYBOARD
The Keyboard is made of several small buttons called keys. Each key has
a number, letter or word written on it. Just as you use a pencil to write on a
paper, you can use a keyboard to type. The keyboard is a standard input device.
MOUSE
Gunda picks up the computer mouse and starts playing with it.
Teacher: Be careful! We must take proper care of the different computer parts.
Speed
Storage
Accuracy
Diligence
Versatility
Flexibility
Reliability
Speed:
The computer works very fast. The speed of
Computer is measured in terms of MIPS (Million
Instructions Per Second).
For Example A money counting machine counts
money faster than man.
Storage:
The computer can store a large volume of data and information. The storage
capacity of the computer is measured in terms of Bytes. A group of 8 Bits is
called a Byte.
Accuracy
Diligence
Versatility
Flexibility
Flexibility would involve the number of things
you can do with a computer. While some are best used
for simple business tasks, and filing of tasks, others are
good for multimedia, gaming, and so on.
Reliability
The term reliability refers to the ability of a
computer-related hardware or software component to
consistently perform according to its specifications.
In Schools
In Offices
In Bank
Utilities
In Hospital
In Scientific field.
Inside
Input Device
Output Device
Types of Computer
Learning Outcomes:
After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:
Define input, output and processing.
Identify some input and output devices of a computer.
Recognize the types of computer.
Chapter 2: Components of Computer 6th Standard
Reeta: Teacher, yesterday we learnt about parts of the computer, but how does a
computer work?
Teacher: OK, I will give a good example to explain how a computer works. It
is as simple as making tea.
To prepare tea, we add water, tea powder, milk, and sugar. These are all
considered as input. After adding all, we have to boil. That boiling is called
processing. After boiling, we get tea. That is called output.
Similarly, the computer works based on the input, processing and output.
Teacher: Input devices allow us to send information to the computer. The input
to the computer is usually given by clicking the mouse or typing on
the keyboard. Example: keyboard, mouse etc.
Reeta: Teacher, tell me some other input devices other than keyboard and
mouse.
Input device: The device used to accept the data and instructions from
the user is called input device.
Definition
TRACKBALL
JOYSTICK
SCANNER
LIGHT PEN
WEB CAMERA
TOUCH SCREEN
Output device: The device that displays output to the user is called
output device.
Definition
PRINTER
SPEAKERS
PROJECTOR
Types of computers
Desktop computers
Netbooks (also called mini notebooks) are small laptops that are less
powerful than laptops, they're used mainly to browse the web and check email.
Smartphones
Handheld computers
Tablet PCs
Inside
Correct Way to Use computer
Keep it Clean
Be Safe
Keep a correct posture
Be Gentle
Share equally
Computer Start Up
Shutdown Computer
Learning Outcomes:
After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:
Follow guidelines for maintenance of the computer.
Follow safety rules while using computers.
Be sensitive to the needs of other users.
Start the computer and shut down the computer.
Chapter 3: Do’s & Don’ts with Computer 6th Standard
Keep it Clean
Be Safe
Teacher: What will happen if you sit very close to the monitor?
Gunda: We are unable to see the screen clearly. Our eyes will start hurting.
Teacher: It is important to sit properly while using the computer.
Be Gentle
Gunda: Pressing some keys on the keyboard. These keys are so easy to press.
Teacher: Yes, gentle pressing of each key is enough. A computer is a delicate
machine.
Share Equally
Reeta: Teacher, the computers are switched off. Can you please start the
computer for us?
Teacher: Ok. First, let us check if the power supply switch is on. Locate the
power button on the CPU and press it lightly.
Teacher: Yes. Press the button on the monitor to switch it on. This button is
called a toggle switch. To switch off the monitor, you press it again.
Reeta: The monitor also has a small light indicating that it is on.
Teacher: Correct. Most of the monitors have an on/off indicator light.
Teacher: You have to Shut Down the computer using the shutdown option to
turn off the computer. Please note that it takes some time to shut down.
This is because the computer is closing the activities that it started at
the time of booting. We should not switch off the power till this is
complete.
Reeta: The light on the CPU is off now. Let us switch off the monitor too.
Teacher switches off the power supply after the shutdown procedure is
completed.
Inside
Mouse
Left Click
Right Click
Double Click
Keyboard
Alphabet Keys
Number Keys
Special keys
Learning Outcomes:
After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:
List the parts of a mouse and their functions.
Use the mouse buttons for activities.
Use a keyboard for entering words and numbers.
List special keys to enter text.
Chapter 4: Using Mouse and Keyboard 6th Standard
Reeta: Teacher, you said that we could play games using the computer. Can we
do that today?
Teacher: Sure, Can you tell me how to select the game?
Reeta: To point items on the monitor we use a mouse. When we move
the mouse around, the arrow on the screen also moves around.
Gunda: To start a game, I have to first point to the game and select it by left
click. Then I have to double click for it to play. Am I correct?
Teacher: Now, we will play some games. First, tell me what do you use to write
in your book?
Reeta: We use a pencil or a pen.
Gunda: I have seen my brother use a keyboard to write on the computer.
Teacher: One of the important parts of the computer is Keyboard. What do you
see on it?
Gunda: There are many small buttons. Some of them have alphabets and
numbers written on them.
Reeta: The keyboard is connected by a wire to the CPU of the computer.
Teacher: Right. We can use a keyboard to give instructions to the computer.
The buttons on the keyboard are called keys.
Alphabet Keys
The keys on which you see alphabets: A – Z are called alphabet keys.
These are used to write words.
Number Keys
The keys on which you see numbers: 0 - 9 are called number keys. These
are used to write numbers.
Special Keys
The keys on which you see words are called special keys. These are used
for specific tasks such as moving to the next line on a page.
Teacher: Try to type your name using the keyboard. Can you find the alphabets
in your name on the keyboard?
Gunda: Yes. My name now appears on the monitor! Whatever I typed on the
keyboard is now shown on the monitor.
Teacher: Remember, your posture while using a keyboard is important. Sit
straight while typing. Press softly on the keys.
Spacebar
While you are typing, you can press the Spacebar to create spaces. This is
usually the longest key on the last row of the keyboard. It may not have anything
written on it.
Backspace
While you are typing, you can press the Backspace key to erase letters. It is
usually the last key in the row of numbers. This may look different on different
keyboards.
Enter Key
While you are typing, the Enter key is used to move to the next line. It is
usually found at the end of the middle row of alphabets.
BIOMETRICS
Biometrics is the identification of a person by the measurement of their biological
features. For example, a user identifying themselves to a computer or building by their
fingerprint or voice is considered a biometrics identification. When compared to a password,
this type of system is much more difficult to fake since it is unique to the person. Other
common methods of a biometrics scan are a person's face, hand, iris, and retina.
India’s National ID program called Aadhaar is the largest biometric database in the
world. It is a biometrics-based digital identity assigned for a person’s lifetime, verifiable
online at anytime, anywhere.
Inside
About Paint
How to start Paint
Structure of Paint window
Tool Box
Drawing Shapes
Steps to Save and Exit
Learning Outcomes:
After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:
Open a paint application.
Draw different shapes.
Use different colors.
Save and Exit.
Chapter 5: Paint using a Computer 6th Standard
About Paint
Paint is a simple graphics tool that is included in all versions of windows. Using Paint,
you can draw and color pictures. It has a pencil, eraser, and colors to draw different shapes
and pictures. You can do a lot with this paint – draw a line, draw varieties of shapes and fill
colors to them. You can insert an image, edit and print them.
1. Paint button.
2. Title bar
3. Quick access toolbar.
4. Ribbon
5. Drawing area.
Paint button:
Clicking this button gives you a drop down menu containing options such as New,
Open, Save, Print and many more. These are useful for creating, opening, saving, printing and
sending an image.
Title bar:
Title bar shows Name of the paint window. At the right-hand end of the Title Bar are
the three usual window buttons-Minimize, Restore/Maximize, Close.
It is located at the top left of the paint window. It has some common options such as
save, undo, redo etc. You can add options to the quick access toolbar by just clicking the
arrow placed at the right of the toolbar. A drop down menu appears, the buttons that already
appear on the toolbar appear as checked. You can add rest of the buttons to quick access
toolbar.
Ribbon :
It is a strip of buttons and icons located above the drawing area. It contains two tabs
Home tab and View tab as shown in the figure below. Each tab consists of several groups of
tools. You can use these tools just by clicking on the icons.
Drawing Area:
The drawing area is the white area in the paint window. This is the place where we can
draw and color pictures
Toolbox
Home tab
Home tab contains the groups of tools for writing and editing the text. It also contains
tools such as brushes, shapes, colors to create images and color them.
Text tools
Text tools are used for writing and editing the text. These tools are listed below
The Magnifier
The Magnifier Tool can be clicked over an area of which you want a closer view.
Left clicks give a closer view. Right clicks zoom out. So much less clunky than in previous
versions of Paint!
Drawing Shapes
You can use Paint to draw different types of shapes. Various tools to draw different
shapes are listed below:
Rectangle and
Used to draw Squares and
Rounded
Rectangles
rectangle
Triangle and
Used to draw Triangles
Right triangle
Colors
The Color section of the ribbon has three parts: Color 1, Color 2, and Color Palette.
Color 1
Color 1 is the Foreground Color and is always black when you open Paint or open
different Paint page.
Color 2
Color 2 is the Background Color and is always white when you open Paint or open a
different Paint page.
You can change foreground and background color by selecting colors from Color Palette.
Color Palette
Edit Colors
Brushes
This tool becomes active only after you have chosen either a
Brush or a Shape, so choose Brush or Shape and click the down arrow
under Size and choose a line thickness. The line thicknesses offered vary
according to the brush chosen.
Text tool
1. On the Home tab, in the Tools group, click the Text tool .
2. Drag the pointer on the drawing area where you want to add text.
3. Under Text Tools, on the Text tab, in the Font group, click and choose the font face,
size, and style.
4. In the Colors group, click Color 1, and then click a color for the text.
5. Type the text that you want to
add.
6. (Optional) The backgrounds
of the text area to be filled, in
the Background group, click
Opaque. In the Colors group, click Color 2, and then click a background color for the
text area.
7. (Optional) Change the appearance of some of the text in the text box, select the text
you want to change, and then choose a new font face, size, style or color for the
selected text.
Resizing an image:
Pictures are resized in Paint using Resize tool present in the Image group of home tab.
1. Select the image drawn on the drawing area using select tool.
View tab
The View tab is placed next to the Home tab. Zoom In/Out or sees an image in Full-
Screen mode. Select to show Rulers and Gridlines on an image which can help you align
elements in an image.
Do and Enjoy
Now let us draw in paint. Follow the steps given below to draw a house in paint
1. Open paint.
5. Select Rectangle from shapes. Set thickness of rectangular sides. Click and drag
the mouse to draw a line in the Drawing Area as shown below.
6. Select the pencil. Click and drag the mouse to the drawing area as shown below
to draw Trees.
7. Click on Fill with color tool Select any color from the colors palette and click on
the part of the drawing. Select other colors to make a colorful drawing.
You can copy or cut an image, drawn on the drawing area and can be
placed in another place. You can also copy or cut an image drawn on the
Drawing area into another file.
Paint provides tools to do these activities in the Clipboard group of
Home tab.
Know This! Paint files can be saved with different File Formats: PNG (default),
BMP, JPEG etc.
Inside
Learning Outcomes:
After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:
Draw and color painting in Tux Paint.
Use different options in Tool Box.
Identify icons associated with Tux paint.
Chapter 6: Playing with Paint 6th Standard
Gunda: Teacher today we want to draw paint. Whether to double click one of
these small pictures on the screen.
Teacher: Icons are the small pictures which appear on the screen. Do
a double click on Paint Icon.
Reeta double clicks on the Paint Icon and points to space open up on the
Monitor and ask.
Teacher: If you draw a Picture on a drawing sheet you use drawing materials.
So to draw a picture on the computer we use some tools they are called
Tool Bar Options.
To open a picture click Open under Tools. Then color it by choosing Tool Bar.
Reeta: I want to draw my own picture and then color it. How should I do this?
Teacher: It’s very easy you can do this by selecting New option under Tools
and use Paint options start drawing yourself.
Teacher: Correct. The Color Tool Bar is called Color Palette. Select Red color
and the brush to draw Apple. In the same way, you can use different
colors for drawing different pictures.
Gunda: When I click shapes tool. I see another toolbar with many shapes. Why
is it so?
Teacher: All the shape items such as square and circle are grouped together in
the Shapes toolbar.
Gunda: Oh, this is just like drawing materials we use in drawing- Pencil, eraser,
brush, scale sharpener etc.
Reeta: Oh! All the food items like idli, sambar, and sweets put together by my
mom in my lunch box.
Teacher: Every picture we see is having its own shape. Can you draw and paint
some objects using tools?
Reeta and Gunda use drawing and painting tools to draw the following
picture.
Reeta: I would like draw and paint another picture. I don’t like to erase this
picture.
Teacher: Ok use the save option to save the picture which you drawn so far.
(The computer saves the picture in a file.)
Reeta: I would like to draw a new picture today. May I click the New option to
get a blank canvas (Drawing Area).
Teacher: You may use New option to get a blank canvas. You can draw a new
picture and paint here.
Reeta: (After drawing the picture) you said that we should click the save option
to save the picture in a file. What is a file?
Teacher: A file is just like a page in your notebook. Every time you use a new
canvas, the picture will be saved as a new file.
Gunda: If I try to save this changed picture, will I lose the earlier picture?
Teacher: You must remember to close the activities once you finish your work
on a computer.
Inside
Learning Outcomes:
After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:
Open & work with Tux Typing.
Practicing typing skills with games.
Type letters & words with speed and accuracy.
Chapter 7: Fun with Tux Typing 6th Standard
To start Tux Typing double click the Tux Typing icon on the
desktop.
Another way is to click Start button, select All Programs and click Tux
Typing.
Tux Typing has two fun games: Fish Cascade & Comet Zap and also
various typing Lessons. Each game has different difficulty levels and option to
choose letters/words from alphabet, animals, astronomy, colors, finger exercises
and fruits etc.
Fish Cascade
In this game, the Tux is very hungry and looking for some fish to eat.
Fortunately, fishes are falling from the sky but each fish has a letter in it. Just
eating fish with a letter gives tummy ache! Just press the letter on the keyboard
and they disappear from the fishes. Help Tux to eat all the fish by pressing
letters.
Comet Zap
The mission of Tux is to save the cities from the comets falling from space.
Tux can destroy the comets by using a laser zap but he can’t aim. Fortunately,
each comet has a letter on it. Press the letter displayed on the comet and help
Tux to aim and destroy the comets to save our world.
Lessons
Typing lesson helps to practice the typing skills such as speed and
accuracy. Just select any lesson and Tux will guide you with the proper finger
placement and also show your errors and accuracy.
Inside
Learning Objectives:
After you have studied this lesson you will be able to:
Convert number from one number system to another.
Identify different coding systems.
Chapter 8: Number System 6th Standard
Introduction
The number system that we use in day-to-day life is decimal number system. For
example, a number system can be used to represent the number of students in a class or
number of people watching a certain TV program etc.
The Digital Computer represents all kinds of data and information in binary numbers.
It includes audio, graphics, video, text, and numbers.
The total number of digits used in a number system is called its Base
or Radix.
The base is written after the number as subscript such as 512 (10).It is
The decimal number system is used in general. However, the computers use the binary
number system. The octal and hexadecimal number systems are also used in the computer.
The decimal number system consists of ten digits from 0 to 9. It has 10 digits and
hence base of this system is 10.These digits can be used to represent any numeric value. It is
the most widely used number system.
Ex: 123(10), 456(10), 7890(10).
Digital computer represents all kinds of data and information in the binary system.
Binary number system consists of two digits 0 and 1. Its base is 2. Each digit or bit in binary
number system can be 0 or 1.
The octal number system has digits starting from 0 to 7. The base of this system is 8.
Each digit position in this system represents a power of 8. Any digit in this system is always
less than 8.
Ex: 123(8), 236(8), 564(8)
Conversions
Step 5: Write the remainder in reverse order and we get the resultant binary number.
Example: To convert the binary number 1010111 to decimal, follow these steps…
Example: To convert the octal or base-8 number 5732 to decimal, follow these steps…
Note
ASCII
Acronym for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each
letter assigned a number from 0 to 127.
Example: The ASCII code for uppercase M is 77.
EBCDIC
Acronym for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. It uses an 8-bit code
and hence possible to represent 256 different characters or bit combinations. EBCDIC is
similar to ASCII commonly used on most computers and computer equipment today.
It was first developed by IBM and is a coding method generally used by larger
computers to present letters, numbers or other symbols in a binary language the computer can
understand.
BCD
BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal. It is one of the early
computer codes. In this coding systems the bit are given from left to
right, the weights 8,4,2,1 respectively.
Example: The decimal number 537 is represented in 4-bit 8421.
BCD code as
PREPARATION
Laboratory Setup:
Computer laboratory should have a safe and comfortable learning environment that
encourages the creativity of the students. Computers and seating arrangement should be well
organized so that students can easily access the computers and work comfortably. It also
helps the teacher to keep an eye on all the computer screens and move quickly to any
computer.
Computers are delicate devices that require a stable source of power. Avoid
connecting the computers directly to the main supply. Connect the computers to
UPS or at least, a surge protector.
Proper earthing must be done to prevent shock hazards.
Computer laboratory should be free from dust. Fitting curtains to windows reduces
the entry of dust particles. Do not allow any food particle or water inside the
laboratory.
Instruct the students to leave their footwear outside the laboratory. Use room
freshener to avoid odor in the laboratory.
Computer laboratory must have good circulation of air to avoid overheating and
suffocation. Proper ventilation enables the computers to cool and avoids damaging
the electrical parts. Switch on the cooling fans and keep the windows open during a
laboratory session. Avoid overcrowding in the room.
Computer laboratory should have proper lighting. Using computers in dark strains
the eyes and causes a headache and fatigue.
Seating should help students to maintain the proper posture and sit at a comfortable
level with the monitor. Keyboard and mouse should be properly placed on the table.
Has an alternate activity planned in case something goes wrong with the laboratory
session? If there is a power outage or technical problem with the computers, involve
students in that activity instead of having them to sit passively while you
troubleshoot the problem.
Install all necessary software well before starting the laboratory session.
Stationary:
Keep the stationary like paper, pencils, tags, etc., ready for starting an activity or
giving a written test in the classroom.
Evaluation:
Use the activities given in the book to perform Formative Assessment tests. However,
the activities need not be limited to those that are prescribed in the book. Teachers can
include new activities.The activities may be evaluated on the basis of excellent, best, good,
moderate and to be improved as shown in the table. Use different rubrics to evaluate the
performance of the child using the following parameters.
Sl To be
Rubrics Excellent Best Good Moderate
No Improved
DEMONSTRATION
Whole-Class Presentations:
Use a large display, such as a television monitor, LCD panel, or video projection
system. It is very important for each student to have a clear view of the demonstration screen.
If a large viewing screen is not available, have your students rotate through the demonstration
while others are working on independent group activities.
Since students are not using the computers during the presentation, there is the danger
that they will lose interest. Using multimedia is a great way to keep your students engaged.
Multimedia can range from Presentations with animated text and graphics to video streams
on the Internet.
Students work in teams of two since the limited space around the computer usually
impacts comfortable monitor viewing by all team members.
Teams consist of students of mixed ability levels. If one student has difficulty, other
more knowledgeable team member can help out.
Each team member is responsible for a specific part of an assignment, and students
should rotate their roles regularly.
Members of a team are of the same gender and comfortably collaborate while
learning.
SYSTEM HANDLING
Computer laboratory consists of valuable equipment, it is important that they are not
abused. Proper system handling habits should be cultivated among the students.
Demonstrate the proper procedure for starting and shutting down the computer to
avoid loss of data and damage to computer programs.
Encourage the gentle use of mouse and keyboard.
Avoid students from moving the computer parts unnecessarily especially when they
are powered on.
Heavy objects should not be placed on any computer components.
Energy saving habits like shutting down the computers when not used, switching off
the lights and fans while closing the laboratory etc., should be encouraged
SAFETY MEASURES
Make sure that the laboratory is safe to use before taking students inside. There
should be no exposed electrical wires or open electricity outlets reachable to
students.
The laboratory furniture must be well arranged to prevent accidents.
COMPUTER CLUB
Establish a computer club in school and students have signed up to join the club. The
goal of computer club is to attract more students towards learning computer, increase the
awareness about technology and to give an exposure to the knowledge that is beyond the
regular curriculum. Organize a club meeting once every fortnight and plan the activities.
Inviting resource persons like lecturers from the nearest Engineering College and
organize seminars on topics related to computers and technology.
Conducting a computer exhibition by collaborating with nearby schools.
Organizing school/inter-school level competitions such as computer/technology
quiz, poster making, computer games, debate etc. and rewarding the winners
suitably so that the same will motivate others.
Celebrating World Computer Literacy Day on 2nd December by conducting
meaningful programs.