Biochemical

Processes
 Diffusion
• Tendency of the solute to spread throughout the solution until the composition is
homogeneous.

• Diffusion is a concentrated solute diffuses to spread evenly in its solvent.

• The rate which a substance diffuses across a uniform cross-sectional area depends
not only on the molecular size and shape but also on the concentration gradient.

2
3
 Osmosis
• Osmosis is the passage through a semi- permeable membrane. Such as membrane is
permeable only to the solvent, not to solute.
• If the two solution of different concentration are separated by semi-permeable , the
solvent will diffuse into the more concentrated solution
• Osmotic pressure is important to living cell because of the enclosing semi-permeable
membranes of the cell through which they communicate with their environment.

4
5
 Dialysis
• Separation and purification by selective passage of ions and small
molecules through a semi permeable membrane that will not allow proteins
to pass through.

• These membrane contain small pores that allow the ions, but not the large
colloidal particles to diffuse.

6
7
 Surface Tension
• Tendency of a liquid surface to contract.

• The surface molecules feel an unbalanced attraction and are pulled inward.
This inward pull causes the molecules at the surface to come closer together

8
9
 Hypertonic
• Hypertonic refers to a solution with higher osmotic pressure than another solution. In other words, a hypertonic
solution is one in which there is a greater concentration or number of solute particles outside a membrane than
there are inside it.

• Hypertonic refers to a greater concentration. In biology, a hypertonic solution is one with a higher concentration
of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. When a cell is immersed into a hypertonic solution, the tendency is
for water to flow out of the cell in order to balance the concentration of the solutes. Likewise, the cytosol of the
cell is conversely categorized as hypotonic, opposite of the outer solution.

10
11
 Hypotonic
• Hypotonic solution, meaning it has less solute and more water than another solution.

• Hypotonic refers to a lesser concentration. In biology, a hypotonic solution has a lower

concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. In an attempt to balance the
concentrations of solutes inside and outside the cell, water will rush into the cell, and can
cause it to burst.

12
13
 Isotonic
• An isotonic solution is when two solutions, separated by a semipermeable membrane, have equal
concentrations of solutes and water.

• An isotonic solution is one in which its effective osmole concentration is the same as the solute
concentration of a cell. In this case the cell neither swells nor shrinks because there is no
concentration gradient for water across the cell membrane. Water molecules diffuse through the
plasma membrane in both directions, and as the rate of water diffusion is the same in each direction
that cell will neither gain nor lose water.

14
15
WAO WAO WAO

16
MEMBERS:

Aranal, Dane Paula

Democrito, Wisey John F.
Jacinto, Cristian
Montibon, Joanna Mae
Urmanita, William Philippe Ceasar