TITANIUM GRADE 1 VS GRADE 2

1. COMPOSITION

Chemical Element* Grade 1, max Grade 2, max

Fe 0.20 0.25**
C 0.08
N 0.23
O 0.18 0.25
H 0.15
Ti Balance
*weight % (deviation possible depending on the specification in use)
**per special request max. 0.05 % Fe
Source: ROBERT ZAPP WERKSTOFFTECHHNIK GMBH, Tube manufacturer
ASTM B338/ASTM B337 = Seamless and welding tubing

2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Mechanical Properties (Annealed)

ASTM Grade 1 2
(sim.DIN Grade) (3.7025) (3.7035)
Mpa Mpa
Tensile Strenght (min.) 240 345
Yield Strenght (min.)* 170 275
Yield Strenght (max.)* 310 450
Elongation % (min.)** 24 20
*0.2% offset
** in 2 inch or 50 mm
Source : ASTM B338/ASTM B337 = Seamless and welding tubing

a. Mechanical properties at Room Tempeture*

Mechanical Properties Grade 1 Grade 2

YS** at 1% offset [Mpa] ≥200 ≥270
UTS*** [Mpa] 290 – 410 390 - 540
Elongation min. [%] 30 22
*deviation ar possible, depending on product form, size, and specification
** Yield Strenght, ***Ultimate Tensile Strenght
b. Mechanical properties at Elevated Tempeture (approximate Value)

Grade Mechanical Properties 315°C 425°C 540°C

1 YS at 0.2% offset [Mpa] 103 90 -
UTS [Mpa] 179 138 -
2 YS at 0.2% offset [Mpa] 124 103 76
UTS [Mpa] 207 179 131
Source: ROBERT ZAPP WERKSTOFFTECHHNIK GMBH, Tube manufacturer

3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical Properties Grade 1 Grade 2

Melting Point*, approx 1660 [°C]
Density* 4510 [kg/ m3
Modulus of Elasticity*, approx 526 [ J/kg.K]
Thermal Conductivity 22 [W/m.K]
Coefficient of Thermal Expnsion 0- 8.7 x 10-6 [K-1]
200° C
Specific Electrical Resistivity 0.47 [Ω.mm2/m] 0.48 [Ω.mm2/m]
*at room Temperture

Source: ROBERT ZAPP WERKSTOFFTECHHNIK GMBH, Tube manufacturer

4. Property Analysis
a. Mechanical properties
- Strength of Grade 2 is better than Grade 1
- Composition elements (N, C,H) of Grade 2 the same with Grade 1
- Composition elements (Fe, O) Grade 2 greater than Grade 1
- By this composition, we can conclude that ductility properties is almost the same
both Grade 2 or Grade 1

b. Physical properties
- In term of using for heat exchanger, the main physical properties of tube is thermal
conductivity, the data/tabel give information that coefficient of thermal conductivity
is quitely the same. So, using Grade 2 or Grade 1 will not affected to heat exhanger
performance.
 - In general, other physical properties is quitely similar both Grade 2 and Grade 1
- Corrosion resistance is also same, because of the ability of Titanium in both grade
- be careful to the amount of Fe composition, because Fe is relatively reactive to
corrode (even the different is only 0.1 %).

c. Other information
- formability and weldability Grade 1 is as good as Grade 2 because of the ability of
Titanium in both grade
- actually ,Titanium grade 1 and grade 2 is tipical materials for marine service.

5. APPLICATION

Grade 1

The Commersial Pure (CP) grade with the lowest residual content makes it the lowest
strength CP grade with the highest ductility & excellent cold formability. The application for
deep pressing and intricate forming of sheet strip and plate for Plate & Frame Heat
Exchangers (PFHE). It is also used as the corrosion resistant titanium layer of explosive
bonded Clad plates for liners in tube sheets, pressure vessels, columns, tanks and chemical
process equipment, for transition joints and parts or equipment not requiring high strength
but of a more complex shape.

Grade 2
The “workhorse” of the CP grades and most widely used in industrial service, it has a good
balance of strength and ductility with strength levels very similar to those of common
stainless steels and with ductility that allows for good cold formability. (Typically 99.6% Ti).
The application for Pressure Vessels, Columns, Pipe (welded & seamless), Tubing (primarily
welded & seamless) in Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers & Utility Steam Condensers,
Tubesheets, Fittings, Fasteners, Flanges, Valve Bodies, Rod, Wire, etc.
 REFERENCES

Richard A. Clapp and John A. Mountford, Jr. Titanium Alloys, How to Capitalize on the
Performance in Demanding Corrosive Applications While Assuring Against Failure, Presented at:
2001 Chem Show, the 49th CPI Expo - Javits Convention Center, New York City, October 23 - 25,
2001

Zapp Titanium Grade 1-4 specification. Product Division Speciality Material, Robert Zapp
Werkstofftechhnik Gmbh

International Titanium Association: Why are marine engineers turning to titanium for corrosion
ressistance, 1871 Folsom Street, Suite 200, Boulder, Colorado 80302-5714 USA