ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

N. NACHIKETA
 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
• Environmental pollution is defined as the
unfavourable alteration of our surroundings, ail.
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through direct or indirect efforts of changes in H A S ING
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the physical, chemical and biological n alis
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characteristics of land, air or water that
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harmfully affect human life or any desirable
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living thing.
 MAJOR CAUSES
• Human population explosion
• Rapid industrialisation ail.
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Deforestation H (m
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Unplanned urbanisation df
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• Scientific and technological advancement,
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 TYPES OF POLLUTANTS
• Based on the nature of decomposition: Bio-
degradable & Non-bio-degradable
• Based on physical properties: Solid, Liquid & m)
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• Based on the form of pollutants in which they H A S ING
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• Based on the origin of the pollutants: Natural

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& Anthropogenic
 TYPES OF POLLUTION
• AIR POLLUTION
• WATER POLLUTION ail.
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• LAND/SOIL POLLUTION 3g
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• NOISE POLLUTION EG
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• HAZARDOUS WASTES: E-WASTE & BIO-
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• SOLID WASTES
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• ACID RAIN
• OZONE DEPLETION ail.
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• GLOBAL WARMING & CLIMATE CHANGE 3g
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• HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS EG

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• OIL SPILL d o cum
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• DESERTIFICATION
• CHRONIC METALLIC POISONING
 m)
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 m)
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 m)
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 m)
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Soil Pollution

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Desertification

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 m)
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NATIONAL AIR QUALITY INDEX (AQI)
AQI Category, Pollutants and Health Breakpoints
AQI PM10 PM2.5 NO2 O3 CO SO2 NH3 Pb
Category 24-hr 24-hr 24-hr 8-hr 8-hr 24-hr 24-hr
m) 24-hr
co
ail.
(Range) (mg/m3) gm
2 @
.1
a
Good (0-50) 0-50 0-30 0-40 0-50 0-1.0 3 gh
0-40 0-200 0-0.5
H (m
G 41-80 201-400 0.5 –1.0
Satisfactory 51-100 31-60 41-80 51-100 SIN
1.1-2.0
HA
(51-100) MEG
d for
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Moderately 101-250 61-90 81-180 alis
n101-168 2.1- 10 81-380 401-800 1.1-2.0
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Poor 251-350 91-120 181-280 169-208 10-17 381-800 801- 2.1-3.0
(201-300) 1200
Very poor 351-430 121-250 281-400 209-748* 17-34 801-1600 1200- 3.1-3.5
(301-400) 1800
Severe 430 + 250+ 400+ 748+* 34+ 1600+ 1800+ 3.5+
(401-500)
AQI Associated Health Impacts

Good Minimal Impact

(0–50)

Satisfactory May cause minor breathing discomfort to sensitive people.

(51–100)

Moderately May cause breathing discomfort to people with lung disease o m) such as
i l. c
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polluted asthma, and discomfort to people with heart disease, gm children and
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(101–200) older adults. h a.1
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Poor SIN
May cause breathing discomfort toHApeople on prolonged exposure, and
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(201–300) discomfort to people with heartr MEdisease
fo
lised
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Very Poor May cause respiratory p ers illness to the people on prolonged exposure.
Effect may be mmore t is pronounced in people with lung and heart
(301–400) en
cu
diseases.his do
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Severe May cause respiratory impact even on healthy people, and serious
(401-500) health impacts on people with lung/heart disease. The health impacts
may be experienced even during light physical activity.
SAFAR (System of Air Quality and
Weather Forecasting And
Research)
• Pollutants monitored:PM1, PM2.5, PM10, co
m)
ail.
gm
Ozone, CO, NOx (NO, NO2), SO2, BC, Methane 3g
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(CH4), Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), H A S ING
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VOC’s, Benzene, Mercury alis
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• Monitored Meteorological Parameters:UV
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Radiation, Rainfall, Temperature, Humidity,
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Wind speed, Wind direction, solar radiation

 BHARAT STAGE (BS)
PETROL EMISSION NORMS

Emission
CO HC NOx HC+NOx PM m)
Norm il.co
a
gm
2@
ha.1
m3g
(
H
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BS-III 2.30 0.20 0.15 A --- ---
GH
ME
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BS-IV 1.00 0.10 ers
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Euro 6 1.00 is d
Th 0.10 0.06 --- 0.005
 DIESEL EMISSION NORMS

Emission
CO HC NOx HC+NOx PM )
Norm com
ail.
gm
2 @
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3g
(m
H
ING
BS-III 0.64 --- 0.50 A S 0.56 0.05
GH
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BS-IV 0.50 --- pers 0.25 0.30 0.025
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Euro 6 0.50 --- 0.06 0.17 0.005
 m)
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 NATIONAL MISSION FOR CLEAN
GANGA (NMCG)
1. National Ganga Council under chairmanship of Hon’ble
Prime Minister of India.
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2. Empowered Task Force (ETF) on river Ganga under gm
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chairmanship of Hon’ble Union Minister mof 3g Water
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Resources, River Development and Ganga A S ING Rejuvenation.
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3. National Mission for Clean Ganga(NMCG). s e df
o r
li
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4. State Ganga Committees t i s peand
r s

m en
5. District Ganga Committees
i s do
cu in every specified district
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abutting river Ganga and its tributaries in the states.
Eco-Mark Scheme

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 m)
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